Exercise 2.

5 (Solutions)Page 79
MathCity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
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Some Important Derivative Formulas

d d n
• c=0 where c is constant • x = nx n−1
dx dx
 d d d
 • dx sin x = cos x • tan x = sec2 x • csc x = − csc x cot x
dx dx

 • d cos x = − sin x •
d
cot x = − csc2 x •
d
sec x = sec x tan x
 dx dx dx
 d −1 1 d 1 d 1
•
 dx Sin x = • Tan−1x = • Sec −1 x =
 1− x 2
dx 1 + x2 dx x x2 − 1

• d Cos −1 x = −1 d −1 −1 d −1
• Cot x = • Csc −1 x =
 dx 1 − x2 dx 1 + x2 dx x x2 − 1

Question # 1
Difference the following trigonometric functions from the first principles.
(i) sin 2x (ii) tan 3x (iii) sin 2 x + cos 2 x (iv) cos x 2
(v) tan 2 x (vi) tan x (vii) cos x
Solution
(i) Suppose y = sin 2 x
⇒ y + δ y = sin 2( x + δ x)
⇒ δ y = sin 2( x + δ x) − y
= sin 2( x + δ x) − sin 2 x
Dividing both sides by δ x
δ y sin(2 x + 2δ x) − sin 2 x
=
δx δx
 2 x + 2δ x + 2 x   2 x + 2δ x − 2 x 
2cos   sin  
 2   2 
=
δx
2cos ( 2 x + δ x ) sin (δ x )
=
δx
Taking limit as δ x → 0
δy 2cos ( 2 x + δ x ) sin (δ x )
lim
δ x →0 δ x
= lim
δ x →0 δx
dy sin (δ x )
dx
= 2 δlimx →0
cos ( 2 x + δ x ) ⋅
δx
sin (δ x )
= 2 δlim
x →0
cos ( 2 x + δ x ) ⋅ lim
δ x →0 δx
sin θ
= 2 cos ( 2 x + 0 ) ⋅ (1) ∵ lim =1
θ →0 θ
FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 2

dy
⇒ = 2cos 2 x
dx

(ii) Let y = tan 3 x

⇒ y + δ y = tan 3( x + δ x )
⇒ δ y = tan ( 3x + 3δ x ) − tan 3x
sin ( 3 x + 3δ x ) sin 3 x sin ( 3 x + 3δ x ) cos3x − cos ( 3 x + 3δ x ) sin 3 x
= − =
cos ( 3 x + 3δ x ) cos3 x cos ( 3 x + 3δ x ) cos3 x
sin ( 3x + 3δ x − 3 x ) sin ( 3δ x )
= =
cos ( 3x + 3δ x ) cos3 x cos ( 3x + 3δ x ) cos3 x
Dividing by δ x
δy 1 sin ( 3δ x )
= ⋅
δx δ x cos ( 3 x + 3δ x ) cos3 x
Taking limit as δ x → 0
δy sin ( 3δ x )
lim = lim
δ x →0 δ x δ x →0 δ x cos ( 3 x + 3δ x ) cos3 x

dy sin ( 3δ x ) 1 3
= lim ⋅ ⋅ × ing and ÷ ing 3 on R.H.S
dx δ x →0 δx cos ( 3 x + 3δ x ) cos3 x 3
sin ( 3δ x ) 1
= 3 lim ⋅ lim
δ x →0 3δ x δ x →0 cos ( 3 x + 3δ x ) cos3 x

1
= 3(1) ⋅
cos ( 3 x + 3(0) ) cos3 x
3 3
= =
cos3x cos3x cos 2 3x
dy
⇒ = 3sec 2 3 x
dx

(iii) Let y = sin 2 x + cos 2 x

⇒ y + δ y = sin 2 ( x + δ x ) + cos 2 ( x + δ x )
⇒ δ y = sin 2 ( x + δ x ) + cos 2 ( x + δ x ) − y
= sin 2 ( x + δ x ) + cos 2 ( x + δ x ) − sin 2 x − cos 2 x
= sin ( 2 x + 2δ x ) − sin 2 x  + cos ( 2 x + 2δ x ) − cos 2 x 
  2 x + 2δ x + 2 x   2 x + 2δ x − 2 x  
=  2cos   sin  
  2   2 
  2 x + 2δ x − 2 x   2 x + 2δ x − 2 x  
+  −2sin   sin  
  2   2 

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 FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 3
= 2cos ( 2 x + δ x ) sin (δ x ) − 2sin ( 2 x + δ x ) sin (δ x )
Dividing by δ x
δy 1
=  2cos ( 2 x + δ x ) sin (δ x ) − 2sin ( 2 x + δ x ) sin (δ x ) 
δx δx
Taking limit as δ x → 0
δy 1
lim = lim  2cos ( 2 x + δ x ) sin (δ x ) − 2sin ( 2 x + δ x ) sin (δ x ) 
δ x →0 δ x δ x →0 δ x 

dy sin (δ x ) sin (δ x )
= 2 lim cos ( 2 x + δ x ) lim − 2 lim sin ( 2 x + δ x ) lim
dx δ x →0 δ x →0 δx δ x →0 δ x →0 δx
sin θ
= 2cos ( 2 x + 0 ) ⋅ (1) − 2sin ( 2 x + 0 ) ⋅ (1) Since lim =1
θ →0 θ

dy
⇒ = 2cos 2 x − 2sin 2 x
dx

(iv) Let y = cos x 2

⇒ y + δ y = cos( x + δ x)2
⇒ δ y = cos( x + δ y ) 2 − cos x 2
 ( x + δ x) 2 + x 2   ( x + δ x) 2 − x 2 
= − 2sin   sin  
 2   2 
 x 2 + 2 xδ x + δ x 2 + x 2   x 2 + 2 xδ x + δ x 2 − x 2 
= − 2sin   sin  
 2   2 
 2 x 2 + 2 xδ x + δ x 2   2 xδ x + δ x 2 
= − 2sin   ⋅ sin  
 2   2 
 2 δ x2   δx
= − 2sin  x + xδ x +  ⋅ sin  x + δ x
 2   2 
Dividing by δ x
δy 1  2 δ x2   δx
= − ⋅ 2sin  x + xδ x +  ⋅ sin  x + δ x
δx δx  2   2 
 δx
× ing and ÷ ing  x +  on R.H.S
 2 
 δx
 x+ 
δy 2  δx  
2
δx   2 
⇒ = −  sin  x 2 + xδ x +  ⋅ sin  x + δ
 x ⋅
δx δ x  2   2    δx
x+ 
 2 
  δx 
 sin  x + δ x
 2 δx  2   
2
 δx
= −  2sin  x + xδ x + ⋅  ⋅ x + 
  2   δx   2 
 x+ δ x 
 2  

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FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 4
Taking limit as δ x → 0
  δx 
  2 δx 
2 sin  x + δ x 
lim
δy
= − lim  2sin  x + xδ x + ⋅ 
2   ⋅ x + δ x 
  
δ x →0 δ x δ x →0
  2   δx   2 
 x+ δ x 
 2  
 δx
 2 δx  2 sin  x + δ x
⇒
dy
= − 2 lim sin  x + xδ x + ⋅ lim  2  ⋅ lim  x + δ x 
  
dx δ x →0
 2  δ x →0  δx δ x →0  2 
x+ δ x
 2 
( )
= − 2sin x 2 + (0) + (0) ⋅ (1) ⋅ ( x + (0) )
dy
⇒ = − 2 x sin x 2
dx

(v) Let y = tan 2 x

⇒ y + δ y = tan 2 ( x + δ x )
⇒ δ y = tan 2 ( x + δ x ) − tan 2 x
= ( tan ( x + δ x ) + tan x ) ⋅ ( tan ( x + δ x ) − tan x )
 sin ( x + δ x ) sin x 
= ( tan ( x + δ x ) + tan x ) ⋅  − 
 cos ( x + δ x ) cos x 
 sin ( x + δ x ) cos x − sin x cos ( x + δ x ) 
= ( tan ( x + δ x ) + tan x ) ⋅  
 cos ( x + δ x ) cos x 
 sin ( x + δ x − x ) 
= ( tan ( x + δ x ) + tan x ) ⋅  
 cos ( x + δ x ) cos x 
 sin δ x 
= ( tan ( x + δ x ) + tan x ) ⋅  
 cos ( x + δ x ) cos x 
Dividing by δ x
δy 1  sin δ x 
= ( tan ( x + δ x ) + tan x ) ⋅  
δx δx  cos ( x + δ x ) cos x 
Taking limit when δ x → 0
δy 1  sin δ x 
lim = lim ( tan ( x + δ x ) + tan x )  cos x + δ x cos x 
⋅
δ x →0 δ x δ x →0 δ x
 ( ) 
dy  tan ( x + δ x ) + tan x   sin δ x 
⇒ = lim   ⋅ lim  
 cos ( x + δ x ) cos x 
dx δ x →0 δ x →0  δ x 

 tan ( x + 0 ) + tan x  tan x + tan x 2 tan x

=   ⋅ (1) = =
 cos ( x + 0 ) cos x  cos x ⋅ cos x cos 2 x

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 FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 5

dy
⇒ = 2 tan x sec 2 x
dx

(vi) Let y = tan x

⇒ y +δ y = tan ( x + δ x )
⇒ δy = tan ( x + δ x ) − tan x
 tan ( x + δ x ) + tan x 
= ( )
tan ( x + δ x ) − tan x ⋅  
 tan ( x + δ x ) + tan x 
 
tan ( x + δ x ) − tan x
=
tan ( x + δ x ) + tan x
1  sin ( x + δ x ) sin x 
= ⋅ − 
tan ( x + δ x ) + tan x  cos ( x + δ x ) cos x 
Now do yourself as above.

(vii) Let y = cos x

⇒ y + δ y = cos x + δ x
⇒ δ y = cos x + δ x − cos x
 x +δx + x   x +δ x − x 
= − 2sin   sin  
 2   2 
Dividing by δ x
 x +δx + x   x +δx − x 
2sin   sin  
δy  2   2 
= −
δx δx
Taking limit as δ x → 0
 x +δx + x   x +δx − x 
sin   sin  
δy  2   2 
lim = − 2 lim
δ x →0 δ x δ x →0 δx
As δ x = ( x + δ x + x )( x + δ x − x ) , putting in above
 x +δx + x   x +δx − x 
sin   sin  
dy  2   2 
⇒ = − 2 lim
dx δ x →0 ( x + δ x + x )( x + δ x − x )
 x +δx + x   x +δx − x 
sin   sin  
 2  ⋅ lim  2 
= − lim
δ x →0 ( x +δx + x) δ x → 0  x +δx − x 
 
 2 

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FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 6
 x+0 + x 
sin  
= −  2  ⋅ (1) ⇒
dy
= −
sin x ( )
( x +0 + x) dx 2 x
Question # 2
Differentiate the following w.r.t. the variable involved.
2
(i) x 2 sec 4 x (ii) tan 3 θ sec 2 θ (iii) ( sin 2θ − cos3θ ) (iv) cos x + sin x
Solution
(i) Assume y = x 2 sec 4 x
Differentiating w.r.t x
dy d 2
= x sec 4 x
dx dx
d d
= x 2 sec 4 x + sec 4 x x 2
dx dx
d
= x 2 sec 4 x tan 4 x (4 x) + sec 4 x (2 x)
dx
2
= x sec 4 x tan 4 x(4) + 2 x sec 4 x
= 2 x sec 4 x ( 2 x tan 4 x + 1)

(ii) Let y = tan 3 θ sec 2 θ

Diff. w.r.t θ
dy d
= tan 3 θ sec 2 θ
dθ dθ
d d
= tan 3 θ sec2 θ + sec2 θ tan 3 θ
dθ dθ
 d   d 
= tan 3 θ  2secθ secθ  + sec 2 θ  3tan 2 θ tan θ 
 dθ   dθ 
(
= tan 3 θ ( 2secθ ⋅ secθ tan θ ) + sec 2 θ 3tan 2 θ ⋅ sec2 θ )
(
= sec2 θ tan 2 θ 2 tan 2 θ + 3sec 2 θ )
2
(iii) Let y = ( sin 2θ − cos3θ )
Diff. w.r.t θ
dy d 2
= ( sin 2θ − cos3θ )
dθ dθ
d
= 2 ( sin 2θ − cos3θ ) ( sin 2θ − cos3θ )
dθ
 d d 
= 2 ( sin 2θ − cos3θ )  cos 2θ ⋅ (2θ ) + sin 3θ ⋅ (3θ ) 
 dθ dθ 
= 2 ( sin 2θ − cos3θ )( cos 2θ ⋅ (2) + sin 3θ ⋅ (3) )

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 FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 7
= 2 ( sin 2θ − cos3θ )( 2cos 2θ + 3sin 3θ )

(iv) Let y = cos x + sin x

1 1
= cos( x ) 2 + ( sin x ) 2
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d  2 + sin x 2 
1 1
=  cos( x ) ( ) 
dx dx  
1 d 1 1 −1 d
= − sin( x) 2 x 2 + ( sin x ) 2 ( sin x )
dx 2 dx

1 1 −1
 1 −1
= − sin( x) 2  x 2  + ( sin x ) 2 ( cos x )
2  2
1  cos x sin x 
=  − 
2  sin x x 
Question # 3
dy
Find if
dx
(i) y = x cos y (ii) x = y cos y
Solution
(i) Since y = x cos y
dy d
= x cos y
dx dx
d dx
= x cos y + cos y
dx dx
dy
= x (− sin y ) + cos y (1)
dx
dy dy dy
⇒ + x sin y = cos y ⇒ ( 1 + x sin y ) = cos y
dx dx dx
dy cos y
⇒ =
dx 1 + x sin y

(ii) Do yourself as above

Question # 4
Find the derivative w.r.t. “ x”
1+ x 1 + 2x
(i) cos (ii) sin
1 + 2x 1+ x
Solution
1+ x
(i) Since y = cos
1 + 2x
Diff. w.r.t x

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FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 8

dy d 1+ x
= cos
dx dx 1 + 2x
1
1+ x d  1+ x  1+ x d  1+ x 2
= − sin   = − sin  
1 + 2 x dx  1 + 2 x  1 + 2 x dx  1 + 2 x 
−1
1+ x 1  1+ x  d  1+ x 
2
= − sin ⋅    
1 + 2x 2  1 + 2x  dx  1 + 2 x 
1  1 + 2x d 1 + x − 1 + x d 1 + 2x 
1 + x 1  1 + 2x  2  ( ) ( ) ( ) (
dx dx
)
= − sin ⋅    2 
1 + 2x 2  1 + x   (1 + 2 x ) 
 
1
1 + x (1 + 2 x ) 2  (1 + 2 x )(1) − (1 + x )( 2 ) 
= − sin ⋅  
1 + 2 x 2 (1 + x ) 12  (1 + 2 x )
2


1
1 + x (1 + 2 x ) 2  1 + 2 x − 2 − 2 x 
= − sin ⋅  
1 + 2 x 2 (1 + x ) 12  (1 + 2 x )2 
1
1 + x (1 + 2 x ) 2  −1 
= − sin ⋅  
1 + 2 x 2 (1 + x ) 12  (1 + 2 x )2 
1
1
= sin
1+ x
⋅
(1 + 2 x ) 2
2 1 + 2 x 2 (1 + x ) 12 (1 + 2 x ) 2− 12

dy 1 1+ x
⇒ = 3 sin
dx 2 1 + x (1 + 2 x ) 2 1 + 2x

(ii) Do yourself as above.

Question # 5
Differentiate
(i) sin x w.r.t. cot x (ii) sin 2 x w.r.t. cos4 x
Solution
(i) Let y = sin x and u = cot x
Diff. y w.r.t x
dy d
= sin x
dx dx
= cos x
Now diff. u w.r.t x
du d
= cot x
dx dx
= − csc2 x

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 FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 9
dx 1
⇒ = −
du csc 2 x
= − sin 2 x
Now by chain rule
dy dy dx
= ⋅
du dx du
(
= ( cos x ) − sin 2 x ) = − sin 2 x cos x

(ii) Let y = sin 2 x and u = cos 4 x

Diff. y w.r.t x
dy d
= sin 2 x
dx dx
d
= 2sin x ( sin x ) = 2sin x cos x
dx
Now diff. u w.r.t x
du d
= cos 4 x
dx dx
d
= 4cos3 x ( cos x ) = 4cos3 x ( − sin x )
dx
= − 4sin x cos3 x
dx 1
⇒ = −
du 4sin x cos3 x
Now by chain rule
dy dy dx
= ⋅
du dx du
 1 
= ( 2sin x cos x )  − 3 
 4sin x cos x 
1
= − sec 2 x
[
2
Question # 6
dy
If tan y (1 + tan x ) = 1 − tan x , show that = −1
dx
Solution
Since tan y (1 + tan x ) = 1 − tan x
1 − tan x
⇒ tan y =
1 + tan x
1 − tan x tan π4 − tan x π 
= = π
= tan  − x
1 + 1 ⋅ tan x 1 + tan 4 ⋅ tan x 4 
π
⇒ y = −x
4

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FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 10
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d π 
=  − x
dx dx  4 
dy
= 0 −1 ⇒ = −1
[
dx
Question # 7
dy
If y = tan x + tan x + tan x + ...∞ , Prove that ( 2 y − 1) = sec 2 x .
dx
Solution
Since y = tan x + tan x + tan x + ...∞
Taking square on both sides
y 2 = tan x + tan x + tan x + ...∞
= tan x + tan x + tan x + tan x + ...∞
⇒ y 2 = tan x + y
Diff. w.r.t x
d 2 d
y = ( tan x + y )
dx dx
dy dy dy dy
⇒ 2y = sec 2 x + ⇒ 2y − = sec2 x
dx dx dx dx
dy
⇒ ( 2 y − 1) = sec2 x
dx
Question # 8
dy
If x = a cos3 θ , y = b sin 3 θ , Show that a + b tan θ = 0
dx
Solution
x = a cos3 θ , y = b sin 3 θ
Diff. x w.r.t θ
dx d
dθ
=
dθ
(a cos3 θ)
d
= a ⋅ 3cos 2 θ ( cosθ ) = 3a cos 2 θ ( − sin θ )
dθ
dx dθ −1
⇒ = − 3a sin θ cos 2 θ ⇒ =
dθ dx 3a sin θ cos 2 θ
Now diff. y w.r.t θ
dy d
dθ
=
dθ
( )
b sin 3 θ
d
= b ⋅ 3sin 2 θ ( sin θ ) = 3b sin 2 θ cosθ
dθ
Now by chain rule

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 FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 11
dy dy dθ
= ⋅
dx dθ dx
1
= 3b sin 2 θ cosθ ⋅ −
3a sin θ cos 2 θ
b
= − tan θ
a
dy dy
⇒ a = − b tan θ ⇒ a + b tan θ = 0
dx dx
Question # 9
dy
Find if x = a ( cos t + sin t ) and y = a ( sin t − t cos t )
dx
Solution
x = a ( cos t + sin t ) and y = a ( sin t − t cos t )
[
Do yourself
Derivative of inverse trigonometric formulas
d 1
(i) Sin −1 x =
dx 1 − x2
See proof on book page 76
d −1
(ii) Cos −1 x =
dx 1 − x2
Proof
Let y = cos −1 x where x ∈ [ 0, π ]
⇒ cos y = x
Diff. w.r.t x
d dx dy
cos y = ⇒ − sin y = 1
dx dx dx
dy 1
=−
dx sin y
−1
= Since sin y is positive for x ∈ [ 0, π ]
2
1 − cos y
−1
=
1 − x2
d 1
(iii) Tan−1 x =
dx 1 + x2
See proof on book at page 77

d −1
(iv) Cot −1 x =
dx 1 + x2
Proof
Let y = cot −1 x
⇒ cot y = x

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FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 12
Diff. w.r.t x
d d dy
cot y = x ⇒ − csc2 y = 1
dx dx dx
dy −1
⇒ =
dx csc2 y
−1
= 2
∵ 1 + cot 2 y = csc2 y
1 + cot y
dy 1
⇒ = −
dx 1 + x2
d 1
(v) Sec −1 x =
dx x x2 − 1
Proof
Let y = sec −1 x ⇒ sec y = x
Diff. w.r.t x
d d dy
sec y = x ⇒ sec y tan y = 1
dx dx dx
dy 1
⇒ =
dx sec y tan y
1
= ∵ 1 + tan 2 y = sec 2 y
sec y sec 2 y − 1
d 1
⇒ Sec −1 x = ∵ sec y = x
dx x x −12

d 1
(vi) Csc −1 x = −
dx x x2 − 1
See on book at page 77
Question # 10
Differentiate w.r.t. " x "
x x 1 a
(i) Cos −1 (ii) cot −1 (iii) Sin −1
a a a x
−1  x + 1 
2
 2x 
(iv) Sin −1 1 − x 2 (v) Sec  2  (vi) Cot −1  2 
 x −1 1− x 
 1 − x2 
−1
(vii) Cos  2 
1+ x 
Solution
x
(i) Let y = Cos −1
a
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d x
= Cos −1
dx dx a

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 FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 13
−1 d x −1 1 d
=   = ⋅ x
 x 
2 dx a
 x 2 a dx
1−   1− 2
a a
−1 1 −a 1 −1
= ⋅ (1) = ⋅ = Ans
a2 − x2 a a2 − x2 a a2 − x2
a2

x
(ii) Let y = cot −1
a
Diff w.r.t x
dy d x
= cot −1
dx dx a
−1 d  x −1 1 d
= 2
⋅   = 2 2
⋅ ( x)
 x  dx  a  a + x a dx
1+  
a a2
−a 2 1 −a
= 2 2
⋅ (1) = 2 .
a +x a a + x2

1 a
(iii) Let y = Sin −1
a x
Diff. w.r.t x
dy 1 d a
= Sin −1
dx a dx x
1 1 d a 1 1 d −1
=
a
 
 
2 dx x
=
a 2 2
⋅a
dx
x ( )
a x −a
1−  
x x2
x x  1  1
= − x −2 = ( )  − 2 = − Ans
x2 − a2 x2 − a2  x  x x2 − a2

(iv) Let y = Sin −1 1 − x 2

x
Diff. w.r.t
dy d
= Sin −1 1 − x 2
dx dx
1 d 1 1 −1 d
= ⋅
2 dx
1 − x2 = (
⋅ 1 − x2 ) 2
dx
(1 − x2 )
1 − 1 + x2 2
(
1 − 1 − x2 )
1 1 1 1 x 1
= ⋅ 1 ( −2 x ) = − ⋅ = −
x2 2 1 − x2 x 1 − x2 1 − x2
( ) 2

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FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 14
 x2 + 1 
−1
(v) Let y = Sec  2 
 x −1
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d  x2 + 1 
= Sec −1  2 
dx dx  x −1 
1 d  x2 + 1 
= ⋅  2 
 x2 + 1   x2 + 1 
2 dx  x − 1 
 2   2  −1
 x −1   x −1 
 2
1 (x − 1
d 2
dx
x ) (
+ 1 − x 2
+ 1
d 2
dx
x −1 ) ( ) ( ) 
= ⋅ 2 
 x +1
2
(x 2 2
) (
+1 − x −1 2
)
2
 x2 − 1 ( ) 
 2   
 x −1 ( x 2 − 1) 2
 x2 − 1 ( 2x ) − x2 + 1 ( 2x ) 
=
1
⋅ ( ) ( )
x + 2 x + 1 − x + 2 x + 1  
2
 x2 + 1  ( 4 2 4 2
) ( 2
x −1 )  ( )
 2 ⋅
 x − 1  ( x 2 − 1)
 2 x x2 − 1 − x2 − 1
) 
2

=
(x 2
−1
⋅
) (
x + 1 ⋅ x + 2x + 1 − x + 2x −1  
2
2
( 4
) 2 4 2
 x 2
− 1 ( ) 
1 − 4x −2
= ⋅ ( 2 x ( −2 ) ) = = Ans
(
x2 + 1 ⋅ 4x2 ) x2 + 1 ⋅ 2x x2 + 1( ) ( )
(vi) Do yourself as above.

(vii) Do yourself as above.

Question # 11
dy y y x
Show that = if = tan −1
dx x x y
Solution
y x x
Since = Tan −1 ⇒ y = x Tan −1
x y y
Diff. w.r.t x
dy d  −1 x 
=  x Tan 
dx dx  y
d  x −1 x d
= x  Tan
−1
 + Tan ⋅ ( x)
dx  y y dx

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 FSc-II / Ex- 2.5 - 15
 
 
 1 d  x  −1 x
= x + Tan ⋅ (1)
  2 dx  y   y
 x 
1+  y  
   
  dy  
 1  y (1) − x   x  dy  y
=x  2 dx  + Tan −1 x = y− x +
2   22
 y +x  
2
y y y +x  dx  x
 y2  

dy xy x2 dy y
⇒ = 2 2
− 2 2
⋅ +
dx y +x y + x dx x
dy x2 dy xy y  x 2  dy y  x2 
⇒ + 2 2
⋅ = 2 2
+ ⇒ 1 + 2 2 
⋅ =  2 2
+ 1
dx y + x dx y +x x  y + x  dx x y +x 
dy y
⇒ = Proved
[
dx x
Question # 12
( )
If y = tan pTan −1 x , show that (1 + x ) y − p (1 + y ) = 0
2
1
2

Solution
(
Since y = tan pTan −1 x ) ⇒ Tan −1 y = pTan −1 x
Differentiating w.r.t x
d d
Tan −1 y = p Tan −1 x
dx dx
1 dy 1
⇒ 2
1 + y dx
= p⋅
1 + x2
⇒ (1 + x ) dy
2

dx
(
= p 1 + y2 )
dy
⇒ (1 + x ) y − p (1 + y ) = 0
2
1
2
Since
dx
= y1

Error Analyst
Muzammil Ahsan 2009-11 Govt. Post Graduate Collage Jauharabad Distt. Khushab
Nain Malik 2012-14
Muhammad Usman Saleem (2013-15) DPS & IC Jauharabad Distt. Khushab

Book: Exercise 2.5, page 79

Calculus and Analytic Geometry Mathematic 12
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.
Available online at http://www.MathCity.org in PDF Format
(Picture format to view online).
Updated: September,12,2017.
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