GA ERC LU) Sa See ares tome OS Ny Yeas Sadler D.W.S. Thor:OXFORD (UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Strost, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in reserch, scholarship, and olacation by publishing worldwido in Oxford New York ‘Auckland Bangkoe Buenos Atres Cape Tow (Chennai Dar ef Salaam Delht Hong Kons Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuale Lemper Madrid Melbourne Mexico Gry Mumbai Nairobi Sdo Pasa Shasghat —Taipel Tokyo Toromzo Oxfor isa registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK abd in certasa other countries © AL Sailer and DW. Thorning 1983, 1996 First edition published 1983 Second edition published 1996 2019 1817 16 IS 9 EL ISBN 019 914675 6 School and votkge edition ISBN 019 914676 4 Bookshop edition ‘ACIP record for this book is available from the British Litrary Al rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, im any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from Oxford University Press. Within the UK, exceptions are alowed in respect of any fair dealing for the purpose of research or vate stody.o¢ criticism oF review, a permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Pateats Act, 1988, of in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and Incences issued by the Copyright Licensing Apency. Engaities ‘comoeming reproduction outside these terms and in other ‘countries should be sent tothe Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above, ‘Typeset and illustrated by Tech Sct Lid., Gateshead, Tyne and Wear Printed and bound by Bell & BuinContents Preface ii 1 Vectors: ! Resultant of vectors 3 Vector representation 4 Unit vectors 6 Addition of vectors 7 ‘The magnitude of a vector 7 Resolving a vector 9 Scalar product B Scalar product from vectors in component form 14 2 Distance, velocity and acceleration. 7 Constant speed and constant velocity 7 Average speed 18 i-j notation 2 Uniform acceleration formulae 4 Free fall under gravity 29 Graphical representation Rn Setting up @ mathematical model of a real situation 33 3. Force and Newton's laws 4 Newton's First Law 41 Newton's Second Law 42 Newton's Third Law 0 Connected particles 30 Pulley systems 7 4 Resultant and components of forces 64 Resultant of two forces 6 Parallelogram of forces 64 Resultant of any number of forces 67 ‘Components a Resultant from sum of components 8 5 Equilibrium and acceleration under concurrent forces 80 Triangle of forces 80 Polygon of forces 82 ‘Three forces in equilibrium: solution by calculation 82 Lami's Theorem 83 Particle in equilibrium under more than three forces: solution by calculation 87 Systems involving more than ane particle 90 Motion of a particle on a plane 4 6 Friction 107 Rough and smooth surfaces 107 Limiting equilibrium 107 Coefficient of friction 108 Laws of friction 108 Rough inctined plane us Angle of friction 122