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Tiempos Verbales - Tabla-Usos
Tiempos Verbales - Tabla-Usos
Afirmativa:
Subject + present conjugation of verb • Acciones habituales • I usually get up at 7 o'clock.
I play tennis on Mondays. • Opiniones y estados de mente • I think he is a wonderful student.
• Situaciones permanentes o de larga duración. • She lives in New York.
Negativa • Hechos y verdades generales • The Earth goes around the Sun.
PRESENTE
Subject + DO not + base form of verb • Sentimientos • I love walking around late at night.
SIMPLE
They don't work in New York. • Horarios y programas • The plane leaves at 4 p.m.
• Expresiones de tiempo presentes comunes: • She doesn't often go to the cinema.
Pregunta usually, always, often, sometimes, on Saturdays,
(Wh?)+do+subject+base form of verb ? at weekends, rarely, on occasion, never, seldom.
Does she know him?
Afirmativa:
• Acción que ocurre en el momento presente • What are you doing?
Subject + verb ‘be’ (AM / IS / ARE) in
• Actions happening in a period around the • She's studying hard for her final exam
present + verb –ing
present moment in time
He's working at the moment.
• Planes futuros inmediatos, acuerdos • She isn't coming on Friday.
PRESENTE Negativa
• Acciones monótonas y molestas. • You are always laughing at me!
CONTINUO Subj.+ V. ‘be’ in present+ not+ V–ing
• Expresiones de tiempo presente continuo
They aren't coming this evening.
comunes como: at the moment, now, today, this • I am working until 21h this week.
Pregunta
(Wh?) verb ‘be’ in present+subj. verb–ing? week, this month, tomorrow, next week (for
What are you doing? future arrangements), currently…
• Para expresar una acción que comenzó en el • ‘I have been here for two hours’
Afirm.: S+have/has+V_participle pasado y termina, continua o tiene cualquier tipo • They have sold more than a million
I have seen Mick three times this week de relación con el presente. snowboards since 1991.
PRESENTE . • Cuando no decimos exactamente cuándo una
PERFECTO Negat.: S+have/has+not+V-participle acción ocurrió, normalmente con expresiones tales • The postman hasn’t come yet.
SIMPLE She has not been to New York. como: yet, always, never, ever, just, already.
• Expresiones españolas tales como::
Preg:(Wh?) Have/has+S+V-participle? Hace una semana que no te veo • I have not seen you for a week.
How long have you worked at Smith's? Acabo de llegar a casa • I have just got home.
Afirmativa: S+have/has+been+V-ing • Para expresar la duración de una actividad • I have been waiting for the bus for a
I’ve been living in Melilla for 30 years continua comenzada en el pasado y continuando long time.
en el presente.
PRESENTE Negat.: S+have/has+not+been+V-ing
PERFECTO He hasn’t been studying for long. • En expresiones españolas como: • I have been studying for two months.
CONTINUO Llevo dos meses estudiando.
Preg.: (Wh?)+Have/has+S+been+V-ing? Excepción:
How long have you been working on that Esta mañana me he levantado a las 9’00h • I got up at 9 o’clock this morning.
problem?
Afirmativa: Subject + HAD + participle
I had already eaten before they came. •She had cooked the lunch (1st
• Para expresar una acción que
PASADO Negativa: Subject + had + not + participle action) before she went to work
ocurre antes de otra acción en el
PERFECTO She hadn't (had not) been to Rome before that trip. (2nd action)
pasado.
Pregunta: (Wh?) Had + subject + participle?
Had you ever seen such a crazy lady before that?
Afirmativa: Subject + HAD + BEEN + verb-ing
She’d been waiting for 3 hours when he finally arrived.
PASADO • Para expresar la duración de una
Negativa: Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing •We had been waiting for hours
PERFECTO actividad continua comenzada
I hadn't been sleeping for long when I heard the doorbell ring when the train finally arrived.
CONTINUO antes de otra actividad pasada.
Pregunta: (Wh?) Had + subject + been + verb-ing?
How long had you been playing tennis when she arrived?
• That's difficult! I'll help you with the
Afirm.: Subject+ WILL+ base form of verb + object(s) • Decisiones espontáneas tomadas
problem.
I will meet you at the airport tomorrow. en el momento sobre el futuro.
• She won't win the game.
Negat.: Subject+ will+not base form of verb+object(s) • Predicciones futuras (sin
FUTURO SIMPLE
He will not be able to come. evidencias)
• Will you marry me?
Pregunta: (Quest. Word) + will + S+ base form of verb? • Promesas futuras, ofrecimientos,
I’ll make you a sandwich
Will they visit us soon? ayudas y sugerencias.
Afirm.: S+to be+going to+base form of verb+object(s) • I'm going to study Languages at
He's going to fly to Boston next week. • Decisiones planeadas, hechas antes university next year.
FUTURO CON Negativa: S+to be+not+going to+base form of verb+obj. del momento de habla. • Look at those clouds. It's going to
‘BE GOING TO’ They're not going to invite the Browns. • Predicciones futuras con evidencias rain.
Pregunta: ( Wh?)+ to be+S+ going to+base form of verb? • Intenciones futuras • I'm going to be a policeman when I
Where are you going to stay? grow up.
Afirmativa: Subject + will + be + verb-ing
I'll be cooking dinner when you arrive. • Para expresar que estamos muy • Next Friday at this time I will be
FUTURE Negativa: Subject + will + not + be + verb-ing seguros de que algo ocurrirá tal y travelling to London.
CONTINUO They won't be living in Paris this time next year. como se ha planeado.
Pregunta: (Wh?) + will + subject + be + verb-ing?
What will you be doing next week at this time?
Afirmativa: Subject + will + have + verb-participle
We'll have lived here for twenty years by 2005.
Negativa: Subject + will + not + have + participle
FUTURO • Para expresar qué habrá ocurrido o durante cuánto tiempo algo
She won't have finished her homework by the time
PERFECTO habrá ocurrido hasta un cierto punto en el tiempo.
we arrive.
Pregunta: (Wh?) + will + subject + have + participle?
How long will you have lived in France by the end of next year?
VERBOS ESTÁTICOS: verbos que nunca o rara vez se usan en formas continuas.
Estados emocionales y mentales: Percepción: Comunicación: Otros estados: