Chandan

Training Module of Sandalwood Resources Planning,
Silviculture and Utilization
By :
Elizabeth Lukas
Yani Septiani

Tim ITTO PD 459/07 Rev.1 (F)
Yani Septiani
Elizabeth Lukas
Dodi Andriadi S.
Esther Martha
Joseph Christian Mocka

Address :
ITTO PD 459/07 Rev.1 (F)
Jakarta:
Manggala Wanabakti Building Block 4 7th floor Wing B Nr. 715
Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Jakarta 10210
Tel. : (62‐21) 574 6747, 570 3246, ext 5291
Fax.: (62‐21) 574 6747

Kupang:
cq. Provincial Forestry Office of East Nusa Tenggara
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
Kelapa Lima – Kota Kupang. 85228
Tel.: (62‐380) 831 847
Fax.: (62‐380) 833 102

Executing Agency:
The Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia
The Directorate General of Production Forest Management
The Directorate of Natural Forest Development
Address:
Manggala Wanabakti Building Block I, 11th floor
Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Jakarta 10210
Phone.: (62‐21) 573 0381, 573 0382
Fax.: (62‐21) 573 0381

Collaborating Agency:
Provincial Forestry Office of East Nusa Tenggara
Address:
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan
Kelapa Lima – Kota Kupang. 85228
Phone.: (62‐380) 831 847
Fax.: (62‐380) 833 102

International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO)
International Organizations Center, 5th Floor
Pacifico‐Yokohama 1‐1‐1, Minato‐Mirai,
Nishi‐ku, Yokohama, 220‐0012 Japan

Tel : +81‐45‐223‐1110
Fax : +81‐45‐223‐1111
Email: itto@itto.int

PREFACE

I thank God for the accomplishment of the Training Module on Planning, Silviculture, and
Sandalwood Utilization. This module is used as the training material in 4 districts i.e. Alor, East
Flores, East Sumba, South Timor Tengah.
This module is a part of Sandalwood development efforts in East Nusa Tenggara Province
undertaken by the Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia through ITTO (International Tropical Timber
Organization) project PD 459/07 Rev.1 (F); “Improving the Enabling Conditions for Sustainable
Management of Sandalwood Forest Resources in East Nusa Tenggara” . The Project aims to support
Sandalwood protection efforts in East Nusa Tenggara Province through strengthening policy
framework, economic incentive, and local institution in managing Sandalwood sustainably. This
program becomes a program priority dealing with Sandalwood issues in East Nusa Tenggara
Province.
At the initial stage with a support from ITTO, policy analysis and economic incentive for Sandalwood
management in East Nusa Tenggara as the realisation of the Action Plan and the Master Plan of
Sandalwood management in East Nusa Tenggara have been conducted. Through this study, inputs
from communities, the elders/religion leaders and NGOs indicated the need to undertake trainings
for communities in Planning, Silviculture, and Sandalwood Management. Training module is
prepared for the trainings.
We thank the Formulation Team and the Forestry Centre for Education and Training for their efforts
in preparing the module. I hope that the important information in this module is useful as the
guidelines for the trainings in Sandalwood management, not only in East Nusa Tenggara Province,
but also in other Provinces in Indonesia.
Jakarta, September 2010
Project Coordinator ITTO PD 459/07 Rev.1 (F)
Yani Septiani

i

TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………… i
LiST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. ii
LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………. iv
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………….…………………………….. 1
A. Background
B. Objective……………………………………………………………………..…………………………………. 1
C. The use of Training Modules ……………………………………….………………………............. 2
a. For Trainers ………………..……………………………………………………………………………... 2
b. For Trainees ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
c. For Sponsor …………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 2
D. Manual for users ….………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
E. Curriculum and syllabus …………………………………………………………………………………… 3
F. Manual for learning process.………………………………………………………………………….…… 10
G. Training schedule.………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24
H. Closing …….……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
APPENDICES…………………………………………
1. List of practical equipments and material ……………………………………………………… 26

ii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Subject List ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Table 2. Training Syllabus on Sandalwood planning, silviculture and utilization ……… 7
Table 3. The introduction to the training environment ………………..……………………….... 10
Table 4. Training material of local government policies on Sandalwood cultivation ….. 12
Table 5. Teaching material on seedling techniques …………………………………………………. 14
Table 6. Teaching material of Sandalwood planting techniques……………….………………. 17
Table 7. Teaching material of Sandalwood maintenance and harvesting techniques… 19
Table 8. Training schedule………………………………………………………………………………..………. 24

iii

LIST OF FIGURES
Picture 1. The diagram of training process in planning, silviculture and Sandalwood
utilization for Farmer GroupLeaders……………………………………………..…... 6

iv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ATK : Alat Tulis Kantor (Stationary)
BDK : Balai Diklat Kehutanan (Forestry Training and Education Centre)
ISOMA : Istirahat Solat dan Makan (Lunch Break)
ITTO : International Tropical Timber Organization
JPL : Jam Pelajaran (section)
NTT : Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara)
Pemda : Pemerintah Daerah (Local Government)
RHL : Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan (Reforestation and Land Rehabilitation)
TTS : Timor Tengah Selatan (South Timor Tengah)
v

Training Module of Sandalwood Resources Planning, Silviculture and Utilization

INTRODUCTION
A. Background
East Nusa Tenggara province was popular for Sandalwood. It is not anymore, however
since it is very difficult to find Sandalwood trees at the moment both on private lands and
state lands. The species is almost extinct due to over‐exploitation. Various reasons behind its
endangered condition are: unsupportive policies (non pro‐people policies), inbalance
between explotitation and planting, not optimal genetic conservation efforts, and others.
Local government of East Nusa Tenggara Province has been active to deal with the issues by
for example issuing regulations which support the development of Sandalwood.
Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn) is one of tree species which is planted for land
rehabilitation and reforestation objectives. East Nusa Tenggara is its native habitat. As a
commercial tree species, propagation efforts have to be carried out. Effective propagation
efforts involving communities are done through capacity building activities to cultivate
Sandalwood. Capacity building is done through trainings which enable communities to
enhance their technical capacity on Sandalwood cultivation. Therefore, capacity building
through trainings on planning, silviculture, and Sandalwood utilization are crucial to be done.
The target is communities. After training completion, communities are expected to be able
to apply training outcomes collectively and they will become the examples for other
communities.

B. Objectives
Modules consist of the competency in planning, silviculture, and Sandalwood
utilization. Competency is reflected in several modules. Competency will be achieved
through a learning process.
Training modules are prepared as the manual of learning processes on Sandalwood
management for Trainers, Trainees, and organizer. The objectives are efficiency and
effectivity. In the form of written documents, the modules are used as the manual for
training preparation, learning process, Trainee evaluation, and the evaluation of training
activities.

Improving the Enabling Conditions for Sustainable Management of Sandalwood Forest
Resources in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
1

C. The use of training modules
a. For Trainers
Modules are used as manual for learning processes on planning, silviculture, and
Sandalwood utilization. The manual includes module teaching preparation, material and
tools used. For field training purpose, locations should be well prepared. Surveys should be
conducted in selecting locations. Plain language should be used both in preparing the
modules and teaching. In addition, participative approach should be applied to ensure
interactive learning process.

b. For Trainees
Trainees are expected to be competent easily and in a relatively short time in Sandalwood
management, including the cultivation techniques because they read the modules. They can
read the modules any time they want and whenever they want. Reading the modules before
class will enable an interactive learning process between Trainees and facilitators and
among the Trainees themselves since they are well prepared. Trainees will understand the
material easily.

c. For sponsor
Modules are important as the parameter of the success of the learning process. One of
significant factors, which indicate the success of training is the evaluation of learning process
written in the modules.

D. Manual for users
Training activities of Sandalwood management which start from planning to silviculture to
Sandalwood utilization cover various components which relate each others. The approach is
therefore led to one system. Each component should be prepared systematically,
comprehensively and involve multi stakeholders. One of the important factors in training
activities is to prepare training modules. Modules consist of competencies which are
distributed to the Trainees. Modules are prepared by referring to the format provided by the
Forestry Centre for Education and Training in cooperation with ITTO PD 459/07 Rev 1 (F);
“Improving the Enabling Conditions for Sustainable Management of Sandalwood Forest
2

Resources in East Nusa Tenggara Province ‐ Indonesia” . However, the contents are modified
based on the objectives of both ITTO and the Forestry Centre for Education and Training.
Each subject consists of curriculum and syllabus, teaching sheets (LPM) and notes
(learning scenario). It is important for Trainers as the manual in preparing training material.
Together with the commitee, Trainers prepare training support equipments e.g. LCD, chart,
marker, tape, metaplan, planno paper, and others. Trainees should be provided with handout
to enable them in understanding the material taught by the Trainers.

E. Curriculum and syllabus
a. Training name: Sandalwood management
b. Background
Sandalwood is one of native tree species in East Nusa Tenggara Province. The
Sandalwood habitat e.g. Timor island, Alor, and Sumba. However, Sandalwood is
endangered. Over exploitation and non‐conducive local government policies are the reasons
behind the endangered Sandalwood. Replanting needs to be done. Therefore, Sandalwood
can contribute economically and socially with the final outcome to communities. The
program should be supported by various stakeholders, including by communities.
Communities should be supported in enhancing their capacity in Sandalwood cultivation.
Sandalwood is unique in terms of its characteristics, its price, the treatment, and others.
Sandalwood cultivation techniques should be taught to eliminate the failure in planting. In
addition, the regulators i.e. Provincial and District Forestry Offices need to be strengthened
for their capacity in the management planning.
The active and propotional communities’ involvement has been encouraged to
support the success of Sandalwood planting to return its past success. To optimize the
communities’ role in Sandalwood cultivation both on state‐forest lands and private lands,
communities’ capacity needs to be enhanced. The enhancement of communities’ knowledge
and motivation to protect forest as well as to practice environmental friendly forest
management are important. The effort should be participative.Trainings are considered
appropriate strategies.

c. Training description
The Trainees are particularly Farmer Group Leaders who come from the villages
within TTS district area. The aim is that they will have expertise in Sandalwood cultivation.
3

Meanwhile, the Trainees of Sandalwood management planning are the regulators in Provincial
and District Forestry Offices. The trainings should be done separately. Trainings in cultivation
techniques to harvesting will be carried out in 3 days (29 sections of 45 minutes. It consists of
13 sections of theory and 16 sections of practice). The trainings will be carried out in Forestry
Training Centre in Buat, Soe.
The method is done interactively through lectures, discussion, questions, and
demonstration.
d. Training objective
After the training completion, the Trainees are expected to have a better
understanding and a similar perception on planning, silviculture, and Sandalwood utilization.
e. Training target
After training completion, the Trainees are expected to be able to:
1. Explain the policies on Sandalwood cultivation.
2. Practice Sandalwood and host plant seedling activities.
3. Practice Sandalwood and host plant planting.
4. Practice Sandalwood and host plant maintenance.
5. Explain harvesting and utilization activities.
f. The training target group
a. 30 Trainees are Farmer group Leaders and Elders who are involved in Sandalwood
management.
b. Trainee origin: villages in TTS district.
c. Trainee qualification:
- Sex: Male/Female
- Lowest education level: Elementary school
- Physical and mentally healthy
- Never attending similar trainings
- Indonesian language ability.
g. Trainers
a. Trainer qualifcation:
- Knowledge in theory and practice
- Sufficient experiences
- Teaching and evaluating ability
b. Trainer origin:
- Kupang Forestry Training Centre

4

- Related institutions
h. Training venues
Modules on theory will be held at Forestry Training Centre in Soe, while practice will be held
in seedling demonstration plot and Sandalwood demonstration plot in Soe.
i. Training schedule
Training will be held in 3 days equivalent to 29 sections of 45 minutes (13 sections of theory
and 16 sections of practice).
j. Training equipments and material
a. Trainee requirement:
- Stationary
- Training handbook
- Writing book
- Training textbooks
b. Class room requirement:
- OHP/OHT/LCD
- White board
- Planno paper
- Marker
- Eraser
- Glue/Tape

k. Subject List

Table 1. Subject list

Nr. Subject section
I. Theory 13
1 The introduction to the training environment 1
2 Local government policies on Sandalwood development program 2
3 Sandalwood seedling techniques 4
4 Sandalwood planting 2
5 Sandalwood maintenance, harvesting, and utilization 4

II Practice 16
1 Sandalwood seedling techniques 10
2 Sandalwood planting and maintenance 6
Total 29

5

l. Training process diagram
Training process diagram describes the sequences of material teaching so the
Trainees can follow the learning process and the training objective can be achieved
effectively. Training process diagram is also important in preparing training activity schedule.
The training process diagram of Sandalwood cultivation is described below:
To establish a The establishment of training environment
learning

environment

A. Local government policies on
Sandalwood
Conception B. Seedling techniques

C. Local government policies on
(knowledge)
Sandalwood development program
D. Sandalwood planting techniques
E. Sandalwood maintenance and

harvesting techniques

F. Sandalwood seedling techniques
Practice G. Sandalwood planting techniques
H. Sandalwood maintenance techniques

Training After training completion, Trainees are
expected to have expertise in Sandalwood
objective
cultivation.

Picture. 1 Training process diagram on Sandalwood planning, silviculture, and utilization for Farmer
Group Leaders
6


Table 2. Training Syllabus on Sandalwood planning, silviculture and utilization
a. Methods
The objective of
Nr. Subject Section Theme b. Tools/materi Reference
Specific Instruction
al
I. Theory (13)
1 The introduc- 1 After the training 1. Introduction/ice a. Games, Group
tion environ- completion, trainees breaking discussion, dynamics
ment are expected to: 2. To enhance the lectures
- Know each others motivation to learn b. White board,
and be able com- and to work. OHP, Flip
municate each 3. To enhance chart,news-
others. collaboration. papers,tapes
- Be motivated to 4. Introduction to games,statio-
learn and to work programs nary.
2. Local 2 After training a. Efforts in a. Lectures, - Local

government completion, trainees reforestation and discussion government
policies on are expected to be land rehabilitation and inquiry regulations
Sandalwood able to: b. Local govern- b. OHP, OHT, on Sandal-
cultivation - Explain government regulations white board, wood in
ment programs in and policies in planno paper, District/
reforestation and Sandalwood handout - Province
land rehabilitation cultivation
- Local government
regulations on
Sandalwood
cultivation.
3. Sandalwood 4 After training - Seed sources a. Lectures, - Technical

seedling completion, trainees - Seed collecting demonstration guidelines on
techniques are expected to be - Seed storage , discussion seedling
able to: - Seed needs b. OHP, OHT, technology
- Explain seedlling - Nursery location white board, - Technical
procurement requirement planno paper, guidelines on
- Explain seedling - Nursery size handout nursery
planning - Nursery buildings
- Explain seedling - Generative Propa
propagation gation
- Explain the mainte- - Vegetative Propa-
nance of the seed gation
lings in the nursery - SeedlingTreatments
- Explain nursery - Seedling spreading
and weaning
- Primary host plants
- Maintenance in
7

a. Methods
The objective of
al
4. Sandalwood 2 After the training - Seedling selection a. Lectures, - Technical

planting completion,Trainees - Planting pattern discussion guidelines
are expected to : - Direct planting and questions for planting
- Explain the selec- techniques b. OHP, OHT,
tion techniques of - Indirect planting white board,
Sandalwood seed- techniques planno paper,
lings which are - Host plant planting handout
ready for planting techniques
- Explain planting - Planting stages
pattern
- Explain planting
stages
- Explain secondary
host plants
5. Maintenance 2 After the training

and harves- completion,Trainees - Drop irrigation a.Lectures, - Technical
ting including are expected to be - Weeding discussion guidelines
Sandalwood able to : - Fertilizing and questions for planting
utilization - Explain the cons- - Pest & diseases b. OHP, OHT,
truction of drop elimination white board,
irrigation/botes - Sandalwood harvest planno paper,
Explain weeding ing and handout
techniques utilization
- Explain fertilizing techniques
techniques
- Explain pest dise-
ases elimination
- Explain harvesting
and utilization
techniques
II. Practice 16
1. Seedlings 10 After the practice - Seed selection a. Practice -

completion,Trainees - Location selection b. Practice
are expected to be - Seedling media handout,seed
able to demonstrate preparation s polybag,
Sandalwood and - Media filling to sand and soil
host plant seedling polybags media, riddle,
techniques - Seedling treatment primary host
8

a. Methods
The objective of
al
- Spreading plants, TSP
techniques fertilizer,manu
- Weaning techniques re, shovel
- Direct planning
techniques
- Primary host plant
planning techniques
2. Sandalwood 6 After the practice - Seedling selection a. Practice -

planting and completion, technique for Seed b. Practice
maintenance Trainees are ling ready for handout,
expected to: - planting seeds, crow
Demonstrate - Transportation bar,mattok
Sandalwood and techniques frame
host plant planting - Planting pattern A,cleaver
techniques - Planting holes bamboo, urea
- Demonstrate preparation fertilizer,manu
maintenance - Direct planting reetc.
techniques for techniques
Sandalwood and - Planting techniques
host plants through nursery
- Sandalwood and
secondary host
plant planting stage
- Stitching technique
- Irrigation technique
with botes weeding
- Pest diseases
elimination
- Prunning
9

m. Training description
Training on Sandalwood cultivation aims to enhance the knowledge, motivation of
communities in particular the farmer groups in Sandalwood cultivation. Final outcome
expected are the enhancement of community’s income and the sustainability of
Sandalwood.
F. Learning process manual
1. The introduction to the training environment
Teaching preparation sheets
Title : The introduction to the training environment
Duration : 1 section (45 minutes)

Objective : Trainees know each others both their names and origin, to create
communicative environment and prepare Trainees mentally to the
learning process

Target : After training comnpletion, Trainees are expected to:
1. know each others , comunícate fluently to each others, and with the
Trainers and committee
2. To enhance the motivation in training and work
3. To explain the need for collaboration in any activities

Subject :
Table 3. The introduction to the training environment
Contents Methods Demonstration tools Duration

A. Introduction
• Greeting Lectures, LCD, computer, 5’
• Motivation discussion Whiteboard
B. Main material
• Introduction Games, ganes, whiteboard, 10’
• Motivation discussion marker 25’
enhancement and
collaboration
C. Concusion
• Conclusion Lectures, Whiteboard, marker 5’
• Epilogue discussion
10

Note for Trainers
Guidelines for Trainers
This section becomes the first section in the training. This section should be fun for every body
since this section becomes a warming section. Games should be used by Trainers.
Introduction
o Trainer should introduce himself/herself first to create a warm environment
o Greetings
o Explain briefly about the subjects and learning process activities during the training
Main material
Introduction
Trainer should ask the Trainees whether they have known each others. If not, the introduction
section should be organized. Each Trainee is asked to look for their pairs. It is suggested that the
pairs have not known each others. Each Trainee is asked to ask their pair’s names, origin, marital
status, interests, and others. Time allocated is 5 minutes. Then, each Trainee is asked to introduce
his/her pair to other Trainees. After the introduction section has been finished, Trainees
introduce all Trainees. Afterwards, the discussion section is organized. Ask Trainees about the
benefits of the introduction section. Some Trainees are requested to know each others. Say that
during the training, the Trainess will be together so they have to know each others and keep the
friendship.
The enhancement of motivation and collaboration
Every Trainee has to find a new pair. Each pair sits face by face separated by a table. Each pair is
given a piece of paper divided into two pieces and a pencil. Put the paper on the table. The pencil
is held by the two Trainees. One Trainee holds the top of the pencil, while another Trainee holds
the bottom of the pencil. Each pair draws a house within 10
minutes. After 10 minutes, check all of the pairs. Which pairs are successful in drawing the house
and which pairs are not. Ask the successful pairs, why they are successful and ask unsuccessful
11

pairs, why they are not successful. Discuss with all Trainees, what factors contribute to the
cooperation. The respons are written on the white board and conclusion is made by the Trainer.
Remarks
o Trainer re‐emphasises to the Trainees that activities during training need to be done together.
Therefore, cooperation among Trainees is required. The success of the training is also determined
by the spirit and motivation of the Trainees.
o Trainer gives concluding remarks.
2. Local government policies on Sandalwood cultivation
Training preparation sheets
Title : Local government policies on Sandalwood cultivation

Duration : 2 sections ( 90 minutes)

Objective : Trainess could explain local government regulations relating to Sandalwood
Target : After training completion, Trainees are expected to be able to :
1. Explain reforestation and land rehabilitation activities
2. Explain local government regulations on Sandalwood
Explain Sandalwood development program
Training material :
Table 4. Training material of local government policies on Sandalwood cultivation
Contents Methods Demonstration Duration

tools
A. Introduction
• Greeting Lectures, discussion LCD, computer, 5’
• Motivation Whiteboard
B. Main material
• Reforestation and land Lectures, discussion LCD, computer, 15’
rehabilitation activities Whiteboard,
• Local government material texts 45’
regulations on
Sandalwood 20’
• Sandalwood
development program

C. Epiloque
• Conclusion Lectures, discussion Whiteboard, 4’
marker
• Epilogue Lectures 1’
12

Note for Trainer
Guidelines for Tainer
The materials for this section are: the importance to rehabilitate forest and land, regulations
on Sandalwood, rights and responsibilities for Sandalwood cultivation. This section encourages
and motivates Trainees to plant Sandalwood. The material should be clearly delivered to the
Trainees in order that the Trainees have similar perception.
Introduction
• Greeting to trainees
• Informing the objectives and the target of the section
• Exploring the issues relating to the extinction of Sandalwood
Main Subjects
1. Reforestation and land rehabilitation activities
2. The section starts with the question whether the Trainees know any activities which relate
to reforestation and land rehabilitation. Trainer takes a note on all answers. It is followed by
general explanation about reforestation and land rehabilitation. Give chances to the
Trainees to ask or to give comments, answer the questions by explaining more detail about
reforestation and land rehabilitation. Then, explain the relation between planting
Sandalwood and reforestation and land rehabilitation. Explain that by planting Sandalwood,
the environment will improve. In addition, explain that planting Sandalwood also enhance
communities’ economy significantly. Conclude the section and explain which parts of lecture
the Trainees have not understood.
3. Local government regulations on Sandalwood
Explain the previous regulations and compare to the current regulations. Emphasise that
current regulations are pro‐people. Give chances to the Trainees to give comments on the
current regulations. Explain the objective of issuing the current regulations. Explain what will
happen on the absence of the current regulations or against‐people regulations. Continue
with discussion to explore the issue. Conclude with the conclusion on the importance of the
current regulations.

13

4. Sandalwood development program
Ask the Trainees the constraints of planting Sandalwood as well as its utilization. The input is
useful for discussion and problem solving alternatives. Explain that by understanding
problem solving alternatives, the priority can be determined. Explain further about the
priorities which have been chosen. Give chances to the Trainees to ask or to give comments,
answer the questions so the Trainees understand the lecture

Closing remarks
Trainer ask the Trainees once again about the lecture whether they have understood or not. If
not, the Trainer needs to explain more shortly but systematically. Trainer thanks Trainees and
ends the section by greeting the Trainees.
1. Seedling techniques
Title : Seedling technique

Objective : Trainees can explain effective communication and teaching
techniques for adults

Target : After training completion, Trainees are expected to be able to:
1. Explain seedling preparation
2. Explain nursery planning
3. Explain Sandalwood propagation techniques
4. Explain Sandalwood maintenance techniques
5. Explain host plant seedling techniques

Teaching material:
Table 5. Teaching material on seedling techniques

A. Introduction Lecture, discussion White board, LCD, laptop 5’
• Greeting /computer, stationary
• Introduction
B. Main material
• Planning Lecture, discussion, White board, LCD, laptop / 35’
• Seddling questions, games, computer, stationary.
preparation demonstration 35’

14

• Nursery
• Sandalwood 60’
propagation
• Maintenance in 30’
nursery
• Host plant 15’
seedling
techniques

C. Epilogue Lecture, discussion White board, LCD, laptop / 5’
Summary computer, stationary.
Greeting

Note for Trainer
Guidelines for Trainer
Seedling activity is the first activity of the whole cycle of Sandalwood cultivation. If seedling
activity fails, Sandalwood cultivation will also fail. For the reason, the Trainees are required to
pay attention to this section.
Introduction
• Greet the Trainees and ask their condition.
• Trainer explains the material which will be taught and the importance of the material for the
Trainees.
Main material
1. Basic theory on seedling preparation
All tree cultivation, including Sandalwood start with seedling preparation. Trainer explains
activities of seedling preparation i.e. seedling sources, seedling collecting techniques, seedling
selection, spreading seedling in ditch/flower beds or directly to weaning beds.
2. Nursery planning
Before establishing the nurseries, Trainer should explain the seedling quantity required, the size
of the planting area, the size of planting spacing, and others. Therefore, the seedling
requirement as well as the size of nursery area can be predicted. Inefficiency and the shortage
15

in the field can be avoided. Explain with a simple calculation to determine the size of nursery
area.
Give chances to the Trainees to understand the lecture through discussion. Trainer concludes
the importance of nursery planning. Then, Trainer give chances to the Trainees for discussion to
have a better understanding about the lecture.
3. Tree propagation
Trainer starts this section by discussing Sandalwood propagation techniques. Explain that
Sandalwood propagation can be done through both vegetative and generative propagation.
Explain more about generative propagation since such propagation is more suitable for
Sandalwood compared to vegetative propagation. Explain the examples of success in doing
generative propagation in various regions. Explain the stages in doing generative propagation.
Provide time for discussion and answering questions.
4. Maintenance in nursery
Ask Trainees to form small groups to discuss what kinds of maintenance activities. One of the
group presents their work in the front of the class, while other groups pay attention. Other
groups are given chances to give comments. Trainer discusses the issues and explain further
about maintenace activities in nursery.
5. Host plant seedling activity
Explain that Sandalwood is distinct to other tree species, in terms of its hemi paracycte
character. Sandalwood requires host plants to suck the nutrition. Explain the role of the
primary host plant for the Sandalwood growth. Explain various host plant specification,
obtaining host plant, planting techniques, and time period for planting. Give chances to
Trainees for discussion to have a better understanding on the lecture.
Epilogue
Trainer gives chances to Trainees to ask. Thank the Trainees for their participation and their
attention. The section is ended by greeting the Trainees.
16

2. Sandalwood planting techniques
Title : Sandalwood planting techniques


Objective : Trainees can explain appropriate Sandalwood planting techniques based on the
guidelines.

1. Explain techniques on seedling selection which are ready for planting
2. Explain planting pattern
3. Explain planting stages
4. Explain secondary host plants
Teaching material:
Table 6. Teaching material of Sandalwood planting techniques

A. Introduction Lecture, discussion White board, LCD, 5’
• Greeting laptop /computer,
• Introduction stationary
B. Main material
• Seedling selection Lecture, discussion White board, LCD, 15’
which are ready laptop /computer,
for planting stationary 45’
• Planting pattern 30’
• Planting stages
• Secondary host 35’
plants
C. Epilogue Lecture, discussion White board, LCD, 5’
• Summary laptop /computer,
• Greeting stationary

Note for Trainer
This section emphasizes the importance of the selection of seedlings which are ready for planting.
Seedling selection is expected to produce high quality trees. Trainer should be able to explain that
many failures are resulted from unfulfilment of seedling criteria. Seedling selection is therefore very

17

important to achieve optimal result. Seedling not ready for planting should be given particular
treatment before planting.
Introduction
• Greeting
• New Trainers should introduce themselves to the Trainees.
• Explain the connection between previous lectures to this lecture and explain general description
about the scope of this lecture.
Main material
1. Seedling selection
This section starts by asking the Trainees to share their experiences on the physical
characteristics of seedlings which are ready for planting. Ask the Trainees to discuss this matter
with their colleagues sitting next to them and ask their colleague to take a note. Trainer explains
further about physical characteristics of seedlings which are ready for planting.
2. Planting pattern
This section starts with showing some pictures or photographs on single tree species planting
pattern or alley cropping planting pattern. Trainer explains the advantages of each pattern in
order to motivate Trainees to plant Sandalwood. Trainer also explains both direct and indirect
planting patterns. Ask Trainees to analyse advantages and disadvantages of both direct and
indirect planting patterns. Then Trainer clarifies the advantages of each planting pattern. Trainer
asks ideal planting spacing for Sandalwood. Every Trainee answer the question with their
arguments. Ask other Trainees to give comments. Finally, Trainer concludes the answers and
clarifies planting spacing for Sandalwood.
3. Planting stages
Trainees are requested to share their knowledge and experiences about planting stages of
Sandalwood and the reasons. Trainer adds the information by showing the planting stages.
Trainer explains the objective and the target of each stage so the Trainees will understand the
importance of appropriate planting process.
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4. Secondary host plants
This section starts with explaining the function of secondary host plants and tree species used as
secondary host plants. Trainer also shows various host plant species (legume family) to the
Trainees. Trainer explain how to prepare host plant and how to plant it. Give chances to Trainees
to ask or to share their experiences so they are able to understand the lecture easily.
Concluding remarks
• Before closing the section, provide time for discussion to test Trainees’ understanding to the
lecture.
• Make a summary of important points.
• Greeting.
3. Sandalwool maintenance and harvesting techniques
Title : Sandalwood maintenance and harvesting techniques


Objective : Trainees could explain permanent, productive, and sustainable agriculture
activities by practicing appropriate soil and water conservation techniques.

Target : After training completion, trainees are expected to be able to:
1. Explain drop irrigation
2. Explain weeding techniques
3. Explain fertilizing techniques
4. Explain pest and diseases elimination
5. Explain harvesting techniques
Teaching material:
Table 7. Teaching material of Sandalwood maintenance and harvesting techniques

A. Introduction
• Greeting Lecture, discussion LCD, computer, 5’
• Motivation Whiteboard
B. Main material
• Drop irrigation Lecture, discussion LCD, Komputer, 25’
• Weeding Whiteboard, texts 15’

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• Fertilizing 15’
• Pest and diseases 15’
fumigation
• Harvesting 15’

C. Epilogue
• Conclusion Lecture, discussion Whiteboard, marker 9’
• Greeting Lecture 1’

Note for Trainer
This section explains efforts required in order that Sandalwood can grow well after they are planted.
The activity starts from when the trees are planted in the field to harvesting time. During the period,
Sandalwood is very vulnerable. It requires treatments in particular from the first year to the third
year. Trainer should emphasises the importance of the maintenance.
Introduction
• Greeting.
• Explain the objective and the target of the lecture.
• Explore the knowledge and issues relating to Sandalwood at a field level.
Main material
1. Drop irrigation (Botes)
This section starts by giving the Trainees chances to tell about watering. Trainer takes a note
about the information, then explains practical and simple watering technique. Trainer should
also explain the water issue in the area. One solution is by establising botes. Explain how to
make botes. Give chances to the Trainees for a brief discussion. Then, explain to the Trainees by
showing pictures or scetchs which have been prepared by the Trainer.
2. Weeding
Explain the objective of weeding, weeding technique, and weeding schedule, tools used. Give
chances to the Trainees to ask questions or to share their experiences about weeding. Then
explain about weeding by showing pictures or photographs. Give chances to the Trainees to
response and to ask the questions. Trainer clarifies Trainees’ questions.

20

3. Fertilizing
It starts by asking the Trainees why plantation require fertilizer. Summarise the answers and
confirm the answers. Explain the purpose and objective of fertilizing, fertilizing principles,
fertilizer variety, fertilizing techniques, and fertilizing schedule. Give chances to the Trainees to
share their experiences. Take notes on the questions asked by the Trainees. Answer the
questions sequencely, shortly, and clearly. If there is no more questions, Trainer could ask
questions to test the Trainees’ understanding on the lecture.
4. Pest and diseases elimination
Explain the effects of pest and diseases attack. To make Trainees understand, Trainer shows
photographs and pictures of various Sandalwood pests and diseases. Then Trainer explains
conventional and modern fumigation techniques. However, conventional techniques are
recommended with such condition. Give chances to the Trainees for comments or opinion. Ask
the questions by explaining the comparison between trees with treatment and without
treatment. The Trainer explains sustainable harvesting. Give time for discussion to make
Trainees understand the lecture.
5. Harvesting
Start by explaining suistainable harvesting concept. Explain the purpose and the objective of the
sustainable harvesting and why it should be done. It is very important since many people have
not realized about this concept. Give chances for discussion so the Trainees understand the
lecture better.
Closing remarks
Trainer asks once again to the Trainees about the lecture, whether they understand or not about the
lecture. If there are Trainees who have not understood, Trainer should explain shortly and
systematically. Then thank the Trainees for their participation and greet the Trainees.
4. Seedling practice
Title : Seedling


Objective : Trainees can do the efforts to protect forests

21

1. Select Sandalwood seedlings.
2. Treat the seedlings so they are ready to plant
3. Determine weaning media
4. Fill in the media to the pollybags
5. Spreading the seeds
6. Plant the primary host plants

Short note for Trainer
Knowledge on seedling has been learnt during theory section. Then, this section discusses about
practice (both in class and in the field). Before field practice is carried out Trainer should check the
location for field practice as the preparation stage. Executing Team should have prepared the tools
and material required. Trainer should also prepare practice manual for the Trainees.
Learning process and methods
a. Preparation
- Explanation on the objectice and the purpose of the practice
- Explanation on schedule and procedure of practical activities
- Preparation/practice tools and material checking
- Group division
b. Implementation
In practice, Trainees are requested to carry out seedling activities. Several seedling activities
which can be carried out:
Sandalwood seedling selection
a. Treatment to Sandalwood seedling
b. Determine the weaning media
c. Filling in the media to the pollybag
d. Spreading the seeds
22

e. Plant the primary host plants
c. Evaluation and reflection
After the practice activity, discussion is carried out to evaluate practice, which has been carried
out. It also aims as a reflection to know the Trainees’ feeling about the practice.
5. Sandalwood planting and maintenance practice
Title : Sandalwood planting and maintenance


Objective : Trainees are able to carry out several planting and maintenance activities

1. To select seedlings which are ready for planting
2. To dig the holes for planting
3. To plant

Short note for Trainer
Planting and maintenance practices are the continuation stage of theory section. Practice in planting
and maintenance should be done by Trainees. It can be held in nursery demonstration plot and
Sandalwood demonstration plot of BDK Kupang. However, Trainer should check the demonstration
plot condition first as the initial stage. Executing Team should also prepare tools and material
needed as well as practice manual for the Trainees.
Learning process and methods
a. Preparation
- Explanation on the objective and purpose of practice
- Explanation on schedule and procedure of practice activities
- Preparation/checking of tools and material for practice
- Group division
23

b. Implementation
In the practice, Trainees are requested to carry out Sandalwood planting and maintenance
activities. Several activities which can be practiced are:
a. Selection of seedlings which are ready for planting;
b. Digging planting holes;
c. Planting;
d. Weeding;
e. Establishing botes.
c. Evaluation and reflection
After practicing, discussion is carried out to evaluate the practice. In addition, it aims as a
reflection to explore the Trainees’ feeling about the practice.
G. Training schedule
Table 8. Training schedule
Day/date Time Subject Trainers Institution

Monday/ 12.00 ‐ 20.00 Trainees arrive at the Dormitory staff BDK Kupang
dorm itory of Kupang
Training Centre in Buat
Tuesday/ 07.30 ‐09.00 1. Enrolment Officer ITTO Project ITTO
09.00 ‐ 10.00 2. Opening ceremony and Officer Project
10.00 ‐ 10.30 coffee break *
10.30 ‐ 11.15 3. Introduction to the Harjanto BDK Kupang
training environment
11.15 ‐ 12.45 4. Local government PM Head of Forestry
policies on Sandalwood Office
12.45 ‐ 14.00 lunch break
14.00 ‐ 15.30 5. Seedling techniques Harjanto BDK Kupang
15.30‐15.45 Coffee break

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15.45 ‐ 16.30 6. Seedling techniques Harjanto BDK Kupang

16.30 ‐ 18.00 7. Planting techniques Kenan BDK Kupang
Tandipuang
Wednesday 08.00 ‐ 09.30 1. Maintenance and Harjanto BDK Kupang
harvesting techniques
09.30 – 09.45 Coffee break
09.45 – 12.30 2. Seedling practice (4) Harjanto,Kenan, BDK Kupang
12.45 – 14.00 ISOMA Eman
14.00 ‐ 15.30 3. Seedlin practice (2) Harjanto,Kenan, BDK Kupang
15.30 ‐ 15.45 Coffee break
Eman
15.45 – 18.00 5. Seedling practice (3) BDK Kupang

Thursday 08.00 – 08.45 Seedling practice (1) Harjanto,Kenan, BDK KUpang
08.45 – 09.30 Planting and maintenance Eman BDK KUpang
practice Harjanto,Kenan,
09.30 – 09.45 Coffee break Eman BDK KUpang
09.45 ‐12.45 Planting and maintenance Harjanto,Kenan, BDK KUpang
Eman
14.00 – 14.45 practice
Harjanto,Kenan,
14.45‐15.30 Planting and maintenance
Eman
15.30‐15.45 practice
Administration
Closing ceremony

Note : The Head of District Forestry Office of South Timor Tengah (TTS) district will be invited during
the opening ceremony

h. Closing
The design of training modules on planning, silvicultures, and Sandalwood utilization in
particular for Farmer Group Leaders and farmer group members can be used as a reference for
training. Therefore, it helps the training process easier. As a reference, the design should be
flexible in the implementation due to changing situation.
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Committee, Trainers, Organizers and all people involved in the training of Sandalwood
cultivation techniques should be able to adjust themselves with the environment. The
modification aims to deal with the condition. It is expected to enrich the module design and to
make the module design dynamics.
Appendix 1. The list of practical tools and material
A. Tools Quantity Notes

1. Mattock 5
2. Mowing tool 5
3. Cleaver 5
4. Crowbar 5
5. Shovel 5
6. Fine‐sand siever size 1
1x 0,6 m
7. Sand pan (size 1 x 1 1
m)
8. Bucket 5
9. Tub sow 5
10. Water yells 5
11. Roll metre 5
12. Handsprayer 5
B. Material
1. Sandalwood seeds 5 Kilo
2. Sandalwood seeds 100 seeds
3. Manure 5 sacks
4. Sand 3 sacks
5. Top soil 1 truck
6. Pollybags (12 x 15 )cm 1 kilo
7. Bamboo/plastic 60 laths/ ±
water bottles 6 trunks
9. Wick stove 8 m
10. Vilosa seeds 2 kilo
11. Vilosa seeds 60 seeds

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2. Local 2 After training a. Efforts in a. Lectures, - Local

3. Sandalwood 4 After training - Seed sources a. Lectures, - Technical

4. Sandalwood 2 After the training - Seedling selection a. Lectures, - Technical

5. Maintenance 2 After the training

1. Seedlings 10 After the practice - Seed selection a. Practice -

2. Sandalwood 6 After the practice - Seedling selection a. Practice -

Contents Methods Demonstration tools Duration

Contents Methods Demonstration Duration

Contents Methods Demonstration tools Duration

Contents Methods Demonstration tools Duration

Contents Methods Demonstration tools Duration

Day/date Time Subject Trainers Institution

15.45 ‐ 16.30 6. Seedling techniques Harjanto BDK Kupang

A. Tools Quantity Notes

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