● The main Components 

○ The heart ( A pump) and blood vessels that carry substances to and from 
all cells in the body 
 
● The Adult heart 
○ 70- 80 beats per minute (Bpm) in resting adult. Pumps 2,000 
gallons per day, 100,000 beats per day, 60,000 miles of blood 
vessels 
● Arteries 
○ Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They branch 
into capillaries so thin that nutrients, gases and water can diffuse 
into + from surrounding cells 
● Veins 
○ Vessels that return blood to heart 
 
● Systemic circulation 
○ Transports blood to all of the body except lungs 
 
● Pulmonary Circulation 
○ Moves blood to lungs 
 
● Cardiac Output 
○ Volume of blood that the heart pumps per minute -->Stroke 
Volume(volume pumped per heart rate) X heart rate( beats per 
minute) 
● Low blood pressure symptoms 
○ Fatigue, lightheadedness, dizziness, fainting, nausea, blurred 
vision 
● High blood pressure symptoms ( Hypertension) 
○ Headache, fatigue,vision problems, chest pain, breathing 
problems, irregular heartbeat, blood in urine, pounding in chest, 
neck and ears 
● HBP 
○ Can cause arterial rupture or aneurism, which can be fatal 
● Optimal Rang 
○ Peak pressure( systolic pressure) 120mm Hg ( Mercury) 
● Exercise 
○ Increasing stroke volume, which decreases resting heart rate and 
allows your heart to better rest while you rest 
● Red blood cells  
○ Carry oxygen to cells through Hemoglobin→ Oxygen - carrying 
protein 
 
● White Blood Cells 
○ Immune system/ defense/ protective cells 
● Platelets 
○ Help to clot blood when vessels break