Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Communications
References
Lecture Notes
• Part 1. Introduction
• Part 6. 3G Systems
Roadmap
DL:42 M
1M GPRS EDGE UL:11M
171 k 384 k
2G & 2.5G HSDPA
(High-Speed
100 k W-CDMA Downlink Packet
32 k 1X Access)
144k
9.6 k PHS
10 k
cdma2000 High-rate data services in
GSM megabit/second class are
possible using HSDPA
1k
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Year
p. 17 ELEC6040 Mobile Radio Communications, Dept. of E.E.E., HKU
1 10 100 1000
Peak useful data rate (Mb/s)
4G wireless network
Isolated-cell
Cellular system environment
local area coverage
wide coverage
low mobility
full mobility
3G: current 4G: target
data rate data rate
1Gbps
14Mbps
100Mbps
send
ing
Downlink: o rder
s
heavy traffic
vide
high data rate o stre
am s
Cellular system
To reduce
network cost
In 2007, NTT DoCoMo announced it achieved a maximum packet transmission rate of approximately 5Gbps
in the downlink using 100MHz frequency bandwidth to a mobile station moving at 10km/h, the world's
first 5Gbps packet transmission in 4G Field Experiment .
1G~4G
WiMax, 802.16e
IEEE 802.15
IEEE 802.11a
Current market status • products incorporate into PCs; awaiting market acceptance
Approved & • end of 1999
standardized
Major market players • Atheros, Intersil, etc.
Rates • 6Mbps – 54Mbps
Carrier frequency • 5.2GHz (unlicensed band called UNII)
Transmission • OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)
techniques
Source of external • other IEEE 802.11a access points or mobile stations
interference • no other known interference up to now
European counterpart • HIPERLAN/2 (standard published)
Japanese counterpart • MMAC (published)
• Bluetooth
– an industrial specification for wireless personal area networks (PANs).
– provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices such
as mobile phones, laptops, PCs, printers, digital cameras and video game
consoles via a secure, globally unlicensed short-range radio frequency
– proposed by Ericsson
named after Harald Bluetooth, a king of Denmark and Norway in 10th
century, known for his unification of previously warring tribes
Bluetooth: intended to unify different technologies like computers and
mobile phones.
– technical information:
2.4G ISM band, low power consumption, short range (<100m)
low-cost transceiver, data rate (<1Mbps)
Computer
Accessories PDA
Vehicle
Laptop Handset
Mobile
Home
Phone
Appliance
Wireless Access
Network
– Digital communications:
•Dual Band
–allowed to use different frequency bands, e.g., GSM900 and GSM1800
•Dual Mode
–allowed to use different air interfaces, e.g., WCDMA and GSM
•Forward Channel
–downlink channel, BS→MS
•Reversed Channel
–uplink channel, MS→BS
•Control Channel
–radio channels used for transmission of call setup, call request, call
initiation, or control purposes
•Traffic Channel
–radio channels used for transmission of user voice or data
•Full Duplex
–Transmitter (TX) and Receiver (RX) are allowed simultaneously, e.g.,
GSM, WCDMA
•Half Duplex
–TX or RX is allowed at any given time, e.g., police radio
•Simplex
–only one-way transmission, e.g., paging
Transmitter
Waveform
Domain
Digital
Analog
Physical
Channel
Receiver
• Source coding:
– To remove redundancy in source signals before transmission.
– Transmission efficiency is improved.
– Also known as data compression.
– Examples: code excited linear prediction (CELP), MPEG.
Original Picture (2M TIF file) Highly compressed picture (177k JPEG file)
Coded symbols
+
Data
+
Forward link; rate = 1/2; Coded symbols
constraint length = 9
Data
+
Coded symbols
Good for
video
transmission