Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Absolute Summary Analysis PDF
Absolute Summary Analysis PDF
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Complicating action
4. Evaluation
5. Result or resolution
6. Coda
3. Propose Hypotheses
5. Compare frequencies/probabilities
UNIT 8
Experiential themes
Non-experiential themes:
a) Interpersonal (pragmatic markers of attention, response, request, surprise, etc. /continuative themes: oh,
well, please/vocatives/adjuncts of stance ( apparently, surely, certainly...)
b) Textual: they connect a clause to the previous part of the text by indicating relations of consequence, addition
or concession (Connective adjuncts/discourse markers: anyway, however, first...)
Theme: starting point of the message/Subject: syntactic element of structure/Topic: what the text is about.
Marked/unmarked themes.
Thematization: the speaker chooses what to put first (linear organization of sentences)
Staging: + inclusive and + general term. Refers to the fact that every clause, sentence, paragraph, episode and discourse is organized
around a particular term that is taken as its point of departure. Information structures: Given vs New.
UNIT 9
1. POST-STRUCTURALISM:
2. SOCIAL THEORY: attempt to theorize the modern social world in any of its spheres.
10) Be aware of the limitations of the research, your data and sources.
5. Discourse is historical
1. Topic selection
Type of text analyzed: the mere existence of this text already tells us something
Multimodal strategies present in the text: mixture of speech modes, mixing oral/visual
language, presence of nominalizations(turning other grammatical categories into nouns:
presenting as given facts), presentation of supporting data (lists, tables, graphs…),
thematization (giving privilege to).
a) Voice
c) Power of narrative.
UNIT 11 MEDIATED DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Central concepts:
2. Site of engagement
3. Mediational means
4. Practice
5. Nexus of practice
Methods in MDA:
I) Members generalizations
1. Social actor
2. Interaction order
3. Visual semiotics
4. Place semiotics
UNIT 12 FURTHER ISSUES IN DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Units of analysis
Cohesion: ‘set of semantic sources for linking a sentence with what has gone before’.
Cohesion occurs when one element is presupposed by another. Types: 1) Grammatical
cohesion, 2) lexical cohesion.
1. Reference (Grammatical)
2. Substitution (Grammatical)
3. Ellipsis (Grammatical)
Intonation.
Cohesive tie: relationship between a cohesive item and the item it presupposes.
Martin: Cohesion is a set of discourse semantic systems at a more abstract level than
lexicogrammar:
Coherence:
a) Cognitive approach: a property of what emerges in two collaborating minds during speech production and
comprehension.
b) Social approach: coherence as deriving from the notion of discourse as a social event, as action in its own right.
Plans: how text users or characters in textual worlds will pursue their goals
Scripts: how situations are set up so that certain texts can be presented at the right moment.
Van Dijk defines coherence in terms of mental models. There are two main kinds of coherence:
I) Extensional or referential
II) Intensional
Discourse markers: a kind of pragmatic marker that establishes a conjunctive relation between two sentences.
For Hallyday and Hasan, conjunction is a kind of both lexical and grammatical cohesive device which refers to a range
of expressions which convey conjunctive relations:
In Fraser’s view Dms are a type of pragmatic markers and they function as segment connectives which belong to any of
the following semantic categories:
Contrastive: but
Elaborative: and
Implicative: so
Temporal: then
Discourse strategies and their functions. Functions of speech associated with 6 basic components of the
communicative event (Jakobson):
1. Referential
2. Emotive
3. Conative
4. Metalinguistic
5. Phatic
6. Poetic
1. Experiential
2. Interpersonal
3. Textual
1. Transactional
2. Interactional