Enska

Orðasafn 2008

Stefán Helgi Valsson safnaði

 Efnisinnihald

Efnisinnihald............................................................................................................. 1
Víkingatímabilið (789- ca. 1300) ......................................................................... 2
Landnám, Íslenska þjóðveldið, þingsamkoma á þingvöllum ........ 3
Ísland undir erlendri stjórn - stjórnmálaflokkar ...................... 3
Trú & kirkja.............................................................................................................. 5
Lífið fyrr á öldum ................................................................................................. 5
Einokunartímabilið (1602-1787) ......................................................................... 6
Flekakenningin ....................................................................................................... 6
Eldfjöll......................................................................................................................... 7
Eldvirkni og hraunmyndanir ...................................................................... 7
Jarðhiti og nýting ................................................................................................. 8
Steingerfingar......................................................................................................... 9
Jöklar og Ís................................................................................................................ 9
Villt spenndýr á Íslandi ................................................................................... 10
Hvalir og hvalveiðar........................................................................................ 10
Lax ................................................................................................................................. 11
Fuglar og fuglabjörg ...................................................................................... 11
Íslensku húsdýrin ................................................................................................ 12
Hestur 12
Hestalitir 13
Sheep 13
Húsdýr ýmislegt .................................................................................................... 13
Gróður og plöntur .......................................................................................... 14
Landgræðsla ......................................................................................................... 14
Skógrækt ................................................................................................................. 14
Umhverfisvernd.................................................................................................... 15
Umhverfismál.......................................................................................................... 15
Atvinnulíf ................................................................................................................. 15
Fiskitegundir, skeljar, krabbar og samsett orð 15
Sjávarútvegur 16
Landbúnaður 18
Iðnaður 18
Ferðaþjónusta 19
Orkumál 19
Þjóðfélagið............................................................................................................... 19
Listir ............................................................................................................................. 20
Veðurfar................................................................................................................... 20
Fornbókmenntir og Íslensku handritin .............................................. 21
Skólar ........................................................................................................................ 21
Að segja sögu .......................................................................................................... 22
Nokkrar góðar vefsíður ............................................................................. 23

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Víkingatímabilið (789 til u.þ.b. 1300)
athafna sig á sjó - manoeuvre on the sea
ásatrú – pagan belief
Ásatrúarfélagið – Asa fait society
áttaviti - compass
áveðurs - leeward side
-bólstadr (Isbister), eastern farm
bólusótt - plague
brynja - chainmail coat
brýni - whetstone
-by, farmstead
dauðadómur – capital punishment, death
sentence. Líkamleg refsing s.s. húðstrýking
– corporal punishment
erfðaákvæði - customary inheritance
Ermasund - English Channel
-ey, island
eyðilegging - destruction
fara í víking - Viking raids
farsótt - epidemic
fámennisstjórn - oligarchy (Alþingi)
fjöldagröf - mass burial ground
fjörður - fjord
-ford, fjord
fornleifauppgröftur - excavation
frumbyggi - native
Grímur Kamban, Norwegian - first settler in
the Faeroes (825)
handritaskinn (kálfskinn) - vellum
Hávamál - the sayings of the High One,
ethical teachings attributed to Odin
heiðingi – pagan, heathen
heiðni - paganism
heimamundur - bride-price
Heimskringla - the epic history of the kings
of Norway
Helluland - Slab Land (Baffin Island)
hertogadæmi - duchy (of Normandy)
hirð - king’s retinue
-holm, islet
Hús sem voru hálf grafin í jörðu - sunken-
floored hut/house/building
Höfðingi - chieftain
iðnaðarmaður - craftsman
Í víking - someone who plunders
írskur skinnbátur - currach or curragh
jarl - Earl (of Orkney)
járn (rauð-, bog iron
kaleikur - chalice
kaupmaður – merchant, trader
kaþólskur kross - Crucifix
kirkjuhöfuðból - ecclesiastical centre
knörr – knarr (stærri gerð víkingaskipa
notuð til flutninga, sjá langskip)
konungdæmi - Monarchy
konungsætt – king’s dynasty
kristni - Christianity
landkönnuður - explorer
Landnámabók - The Book of Settlements
landþrengsli - land shortage
langskip – long-ship (minni gerð
víkingaskipa notuð til hernaðar, sjá knörr)
leiguliði (í hernaði) - mercenary
Markland - woodland (Labrador)
manntal - census
miðaldir - medieval
munkaklaustur - Monastery
munkur - monk
næla - brooch
ofbeldi - violence
Ragnarök - final cataclysm of the world
ræna og ruppla – pillage / plunder
sáttargerðamaður - intermediary
segl - sail
siglingafræðingur - navigator
siglingatæki - navigational equipment
siglingatækni - navigational skills
sigur - victory, conquer
sjófært skip – sea worthy ship
skáld - skalds, court poets
skandinavískur - Scandinavian, someone
from Norway, Sweden and Denmark
(sometimes Iceland and Faeroe Islands)
Skotland - a kingdom established in 973 due
to Viking influence
skurðgoð - wooden icon
skreyting - ornament
2
smælingi, almúgamaður - peasant
spjótsoddur - spearhead
stríðsmaður - warrior
sverð (víkinga) - double-edged longsword
sverðhandfang - hilt
sverðslíður - scabbard
sæfari - seafarer
tap - defeat
-thorpe, outlying farm
-thveit (Brackenthwaite), bracken clearing
-tun (Grimston), village
útlegð - exile
valdabarátta - power struggle
valkyrjur - Valkyries, female demigods
veðurhani á skipsmastri - weather vane
verslunarferð - trade voyage
Vinland - Wine Land (Nova Scotia)
virki - fortress
víkingagröf - Viking burial mound
víkingaöld - Viking Age
víkingur – Viking
Pólstjarnan – Polar Star
Goði – chieftain, principal, parliamentarian
vörn - defence
-wick, bay (Reykjavík)
ævintýraþrá - sense of adventure
Landnám, Íslenska þjóðveldið,
þingsamkoma á þingvöllum
brottvísun úr landi - exile
búð (á Þingvöllum) - booth, camp
dauðadómur - death sentence, corporal
punishment
dómsstig - court level
dómstóll - court of law
dómsvald - judicial power
dómur - sentence
foringi - leader
forseti - president
framkvæmdavald - executive power
goði - principal, parliamentarian, chieftain
Grágás - Grey Goose law book (1117)
hæstiréttur - high court, supreme court,
court of appeal
Írskir einsetumenn - Irish hermits
Íslendingabók - Book of Icelanders
Íslenska þjóðveldið – the Icelandic
Commonwealth
konungsdæmi - kingdom
konungur - king
landnám - settlement
landnámsöld - Age of the Settlement
lögbók - law book, Grágás 1117.
löggjafavald - legislative power
lögsögumaður - Law Speaker, legislator
lýðveldi - republic
munnleg varðveisla laganna - oral
preservation of the law
nýlenda - colony
öndvegissúlur - high-seat pillars
Papar - ‘fathers’ so called by the Vikings
ráðgefandi vald - advisory authority
(power)
refsingar - punishment
réttdræpur - lawful execution
ríki - state
rómantíska stefnan - romantic-movement,
romanticism
sekt – (pay) repair
sjálfstæði - independence, autonomy
sjálfstæðisbarátta - drive (fight) for
independence
skinnbátur (írskur) - currach
skógargangur - outlaw
söguöld - The Saga Age (930-1030)
stjórnarskrá - constitution
þjóðþing - national assembly, parliament
Þjóðveldi - The Icelandic Commonwealth
(930-1262)
Ísland undir erlendri stjórn -
stjórnmálaflokkar
Alþingi - Parliament
atkvæðisgreiðsla - voting / ballot
efri deild - upper house
flokkur - party
- Alþýðubandalag - People’s
Alliance
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 - Alþýðuflokkur - Social
Democratic Party
- Borgaraflokkur - Citizen’s Party
- Framsóknarflokkur - Progressive
Party
- Frjálslyndir hægri - Liberal
Conservatives
- Kvennalisti - Women’s Alliance
- Sjálfstæðisflokkur -
Independence Party
- Samfylkingin – Alliance
- Vinstri grænir – Left-Green
Movement
forseti - President
forseti hæstaréttar - President of the High
Court (Supreme Court)
frambjóðandi - candidate
frelsi - freedom
frumvarp - parliamentary bill
Hagstofa Íslands – Statistics Iceland
handhafi forsetavalds - President’s Deputy
Heimastjórnin (1904-1918) – Home rule
heimsstyrjöldin, síðari - Second World War
(WWII)
heimstyrjöldin, fyrri - First World War
(WWI)
hervernd - military protection
hreppur - rural district, parish
iðnfyrirtæki - industry, manufacturing
enterprises
Innréttingarnar - the Industrial Experiment
(1751)
kaupstaður - town
kjördæmi - constituency
kjörgengur - eligible to vote
konungdæmi - kingdom
kosningaréttur - eligibility, the right to
vote, voting rights
kostningaþátttaka - turnout / participation
landfógeti - sheriff (Skúli Magnússon,
father of Reykjavík)
lýðræði - democracy
lýðveldi - republic (á Íslandi er Social
Democratic Republic)
mannréttindi - human rights
málstofa - chamber
meiri, minnihluti - majority, minority
neðri deild - lower house
neitunarvald - veto
nýlenda - colony
pólitískur leiðtogi - political leader
ráðherra - Minister (Cabinet Minister)
- forsætisráðherra - Prime Minister
- dóms og kirkjumála - Minister of
justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs
- fjármála - Minister of Finance
- menntamála - Minister of
Education
- sjávarútvegs - Minister of
Fisheries
- umhverfis - Minister for the
Environment
- utanríkis - Minister of Foreign
Affairs
- félagsmála – Minister of Social
Affairs
ráðherrar í ríkistjórn – Cabinet Ministers /
Members of the Cabinet
ríkisstjóri - Governor General
ríkisstjórn - government / cabinet
rómantíska stefnan - romantic movement
sambandsstjórn við Danmörku 1918-1944
– union treaty
sameiningartákn - symbol of unity
samsteypustjórn - coalition government
sjálfsstjórn (1918) - sovereignty
sjálfstæði - independence
sjálfstæðisbarátta - the drive (struggle,
fight) for independence
sjálfstæðishetja - Jón Sigurðsson, leader of
the drive for Independence
skjaldarmerki - coat of arms
- landvættir - land wights /
guardian spirits
- gammur – vulture (griffon)
- griðungur - bull
- dreki - dragon
- risi - giant
stjórnarskrá - constitution (1874, Danish
king Christian the 9th lét okkur hana í té)
stjórnmálaflokkur - political party
sýsla - administrative district, region, county
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tillaga - motion / proposal kristniboðar - Christian missionaries
þingbundin stjórn - constitutional kross - cross en annars crucifix í Kaþólsku
government krossfesting - crucifixion
þingmaður - Member of the Parliament ljósakróna - chandelier
þingsályktun - parliamentary resolution menntasetur - seat of learning
þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla - (national) mósaíklistaverk - mosaic
referendum obláta - paten
þorp - village passíusálmar - passion-hymns, passion-
þorp, sjávar - seaside village psalms
utanþingstjórn - Cabinet composed of non- pína Krists á krossinum - Jesus’ suffering
members of Parliament on the cross
vantraust - vote of no confidence postuli – apostle (12 apostles)
verðbólga – inflation predikunarstóll - pulpit
þjóðfáni Íslands – Icelandic national flag prestshempa - cloak
(June 17, 1944) príorína -
Þjóðfundurinn (1951) – The National sálmaskáld - writer of hymns
Convention of 1951 siðaskipti - reformation
skírnarfontur - baptismal font
sóknarkirkja - parish church
Trú & kirkja steindir gluggar - stained-glass windows
steinlíkista, biskupsins á Skálhoti 1211 -
abbadís – abbess sarcophagus
ábóti - abbot tíund - tithe (10% income tax 1097, changed
Ásatrúarfélagið – Asa faith society to 1% property tax to even the income for
altaristafla - altar piece the church, even during bad farming years)
altaristafla með þremur vængjum - vígslubiskup – suffragan
triptych vígð kirkja – consecrated church
altaristafla með vængjum - two side panels víðgður prestur – ordained priest
bagall – crozier
biskup – bishop
biskup, vígslubiskup eða aðstoðarbiskup - Lífið fyrr á öldum
suffragan
biskupsdæmi - episcopal see askur – (traditional) wooden eating bowl
biskupsstóll - bishopric (Hólar og Skálholt) baðstofa - living room and bedroom in an
djákni - deacon Icelandic farmhouse
dýrðlingur - saint beintöflur - chess pieces made of bone
gips - plaster, used at Holar in the altar piece burstabær - gabled farmhouse
kaleikur - chalice faldur - headdress
kapella - chapel fjalir - slats
kirkja - church fornleifafundur - archaeological remains
kirkja þar sem biskup situr - cathedral hekla – crochet (sagnorð)
kirkjujörð – church farm holhýsi - dugout
kirkjuklukka - church bell hólkur - cylinder
kléberg - soapstone kemba (ull) - comb, tease, card
klukknahlið - lychgate kistill – (wooden) chest
konungsjörð – king’s land kuml - pagan grave
kór - choir langskáli - longhouse

5
lýsislampi - oil lamp Flekakenningin
peysuföt - Sunday clothes
rokkur - spinning wheel 1. gliðnun - divergent plate boundary
rúmfjöl - bed board (margin)
skautbúningur - Icelandic festival costume 2. plötumót - convergent plate boundary
for women (margin)
skotthúfa - cap with teasel 3. sniðgeng plötumót - transform plate
skúfur - tassel boundary (margin)
spinna (ull) - spin aldursgreining - dating
tafl - chess Atlantshaf - Atlantic Ocean
þjóðbúningur - national costume Atlantshafshryggur - Mid-Atlantic Ridge
timburþiljur - timber partitions, panelling berg – rock
torfbær - turf farm berghlaup - rockfall
torfhleðsla - turf laying bergmylsna – grinded rock, grounded rock
torfhleðsla með streng – herring fish bone djúpberg – plutonic rock
pattern djúpsjávarrenna - deep-sea trench
tunnustafur – et. stave, fl. staves eldvirkni – volcanic activity
upphlutur - every-day dress eyjabogi – archipelago (Vestm. eyar?)
útsaumur - embroidery fellingafjöll – fold mountains
vefstaður - upright loom flekakenningin - plate tectonics theory
vefstóll - loom (British scientists, 1965)
gjá (Þingvellir) - ravine, rift, canyon, fissure
heitur reitur - hot spot
Einokunartímabilið (1602-1787) iðustraumar - convection currents (in the
mantle)
arðrán - exploitation jarðskjálfti – earthquake
einokunartímabilið - the Danish trade jarðskorpa – Earth’s crust
monopoly (1602-1787) jarðskorpufleki – tectonic plate
keramík - ceramic, pottery landgrunn – Iceland’s land shelf
maðkað - infested with maggots landrek – continental drift
maðkur - maggots landrekskenningin - continental drift theory
morkinn - rotten (Alfred Wegener, 1915)
saltfiskur - salt fish kvika - magma
silfur - silver kvikuhólf – magma chamber
skrautmunir - ornaments kvikustrókur – mantle plume
skreið - dried fish misgengi - fault
selstöðuverslun - mótun - formation
tóbakspungur - snuff box möttull – mantle
úldið - foul möttulstrókur – mantle plume that causes
ullarafurðir - woolen products convection currents that push continents
ullarvettlingar - woolen mittens apart
ullarvörur - woollens rekbelti – (continental) drift zone
verslunarhverfi - trading area, trade rekhryggur –
precinct sig - subsidence
verslunarstaður - trading post sigdæld / sigdalur - normal fault, graben,
vöruskipti - barter rift valley, pull-apart basin
skorpuflekar – crust plates

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uppstreymi – up well
úthafshryggur – ocean ridge
þverbrotabelti - transcurrent fault
Eldfjöll
askja - caldera (Askja)
dyngja - shield volcano (Skjaldbreið)
eldborg – ring-walled crater
eldfjall – volcano
eldhryggur – stratified volcanic ridge (d.
Hekla)
eldkeila – stratovolcano (d. Snæfellsjökull)
fallgígur – collapsed crater, implosion crater
e.i., the opposite of an explosion crater
klepra- og gjallgígur – splatter- and scoria
crater
sprengigígaröð – explosive crater row
sprengigígur – explosion crater (Víti)
stapi - table mountain (Herðubreið)
virkt eldfjall - active volcano (10.000yrs)
megineldstöð – central volcano
Eldvirkni og hraunmyndanir
aldursgreining - dating
apalhraun - aa-lava. This is a Polynesian
(Hawaiian) word and means ‘to burn’.
askja – caldera (Askja)
aska - ash
basalt – basalt
basískt berg – basalt rock
berg - rock
berg, ísúrt - intermediate rock
berg, súrt - acid rock
bergbráð – molten magma
berggangur – dyke
blandgos – mixed (product) eruptions
blágrýti - basalt
bólstraberg – pillow lava
bólstrabrotaberg – pillow brechia?
djúpberg – plutonic rock
dyngjugos – shield volcano eruption
eggjagrjót –
eldborg – ring-walled crater
eldgos – volcanic eruption
eldgosabelti – volcanic zone
eldstöð – volcano, place of volcanic activity
eldstöðvakerfi – volcanic system
eldfjallaaska – volcanic ash
eldhryggur – volcanic ridge
eldkeila – volcanic cone (Keilir)
eldtunga - flame
eldvarp – small crater?
eldvirkni – volcanism, volcanic activity
geislakolsaðferð - C14 (carbon) dating
gerð eldfjalls - type of volcano
gerfigígur – pseudo crater (pseudo comes
from Greek and means ´false or fake´)
gígaröð – crater series
gígur - crater
gjall - tephra
gjósa (eldfjall) - erupt
gígtappi – volcanic plug
gjósa (hver) – spout
gjóskugígur – tephra crater (cone)
gliðnun – rift / spread
gosaska – volcanic ash
gosbelti - volcanic zone
gosefni - volcanic material, magma
gosgufa – volcanic fume (gasses)
goshver – geyser, spouting geothermal hot
spring
goshrina – volcanic episode
gosmökkur – eruption ash plume
gosórói – magma seismic activity
gossprunga – volcanic fissure
gosstrókur - eruption column
gostíðni – eruption frequency
grágrýti - grey basalt
helluhraun – pahoehoe. This is a Polynesian
word and means ‘to paddle’– sbr. rákirnar í
hrauninu.
hornréttur - right angled / perpendicular
hrafntinna – obsidian, jet stone, pitch stone
(black glass)
hraun – lava
hraun, bolli - depression
hraun, drýli – hornido
hraun, flygsa - splatter
hraun, hellir – tubular lava cave
hraun, hryggur – lava ridge
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hraun, kólna – cool
hraun, kúlur – lava bombs
hraun, storknun – solidify
hraun, tjörn – lava pond, lava lake
hraun, þunnfjlótandi - low viscosity
hraun, þykkfljótandi - high viscosity
hraunbomba - volcanic bomb
hraunbrún - lava edge, escarpment
hraunrennsli - lava flow
hraunhellir – tubular lava cave
hraunskvetta - volcanic splash, volcanic
spray
hraunstraumur - lava flow
hraunyfirborð - lava surface
innskot - intrusive rock, volcanic dike
ísöld - Ice-Age
jarðskjálftamælir - seismometer
jarðskjálftaspá - earthquake forecast
jarðskjálftastærð - magnitude
jarðskjálfti - earthquake
ker – crater lake
kísill – silica
kísilsýra - quartz SiO
kolefni - carbon
kvikuhólf - magma reservoir
kvikuþró - magma chamber
líparít - rhyolite
megineldstöð - central volcano
móberg - palagonite (tuff)
móbergshryggur – palagonite ridge
nútími - modern times or post-glacial times
(10.000)
setmyndun – fluvial deposits (í á eða vatni)
sprunga – fissure (ravine, crack, normal
fault)
sprunguhraun – fissure eruption lava field
sprungusveimur - fissure swarm
steingerfast - fossilise
steingerfingur - fossil
steinbogi – natural arch
storknun – solidify, solidification
stuðlaberg - columnar basalt, hexagonal
basalt columns
styrkleiki jarðskjálfta - strenght (Richter-
scale)
súrt berg – acid rock (rhyolite), has a high
content of silica.
surtarbrandur - lignite
tertíer - tertiary age
vikur - pumice
vikurstrókur - column of pumice
virkt eldfjall - active volcano (10.000yrs)
yfirborðsberg – surface rock
öskulagatímatal – tephrochronological
timescale (Sigurður Þórarinsson)
öskufall - shower of ash
Jarðhiti og nýting
bergæð - igneous vein
brennisteinn - sulphur
einangra hitalögn - insulate
goshver - spouting spring
gospípa - vent
gossúla - gosstrókur
grænmeti - vegetables
grænmeti, tomatoes, cucumbers and roses
gróðurhús - greenhouse
gróðurhúsaframleiðsla – greenhouse
production such as tomatoes, cucumbers and
roses
grunnvatn – water table
gufustrókur - steam column
háhitasvæði – high temperature area (+250
degrees Celsius)
heitur reitur – hot spot
hitaveita – geothermal heating system
hvellsuða – instant, flash boiling
hver – geothermal hot spring
hverahrúður - sinter
hverahrúðurgýgur - sinter crater
jarðhitaborhola - geothermal bore-hole
jarðhitasvæði – geothermal area (Geysir)
jarðhiti - geothermal heat /energy
jarðlög – layers
jarðskjálfti – earthquake, tremor
kísill – silica
kolsýra – CO2, carbonate
kvars - quartz
landmótun - geomorphology
laxeldi - salmon farming
lághitasvæði – low temperature area
leiða heitt vatn - pipe hot water
8
leirhver – solfatara, fumarole
móberg – tuff, palagonite tuff
(móbergs)stapi – table mountain
móbergskeila – tuff cone
myndbreyting - alteration
myndbreytt berg – altered rock
notagildi - use
nýta - utilise
strokka - to churn
strokkur - butter churn
suðumark - boiling temperature
sundlaug - swimming pool
þvermál - diameter
ummyndað berg – altered rock
upphitun húsa - space heating
uppleyst berg – dissolved rock
upplýst gróðurhús - artificial lighting
útfelling – precipitation, secondary mineral,
amygdule
ölkelda – carbonated (natural) spring
Steingerfingar
bergtegund - rock
geislasteinn - zeolite
glerhallur - kalsilite
holrými í bergi - cavern, cavity, hole
holufyllingar - deposition, amygdule,
secondary minerals
hrafntinna - jet stone, pitch stone, obsidian
jaspis - jasper
kalk - lime
kolefni - carbon
kristall - crystal
silfurberg - Iceland spar
steintegund - mineral
súrefni - oxygen
útfelling - precipitation
Jöklar og Ís
á, dragá – direct run off river
á, lindá – spring fed river
á, jökulá – glacier river
aurstrýtur á jökli - dirt cones
ákoma – precipitation (rain & snow)
ákomusvæði – accumulation area
berggrunnur - bedrock
bergvatnssá - spring fed river
bráðnunarsvæði – ablation area / melt area
drágá - main river (surface water river)
fokjarðvegur - loess
foksandur – drifting sand
frost fleygun -
frost, lifting – frost lifting
frost, veðrun – frost weathering, f. erosion
fjallaskarð (fyrir umferð) – mountain pass
grettistak - erratic boulder, rock
grýlukerti - icicle
hnjúkaþeyr – firn wind
hvalbak - roche moutonnée (Borgarfjörður),
whalebacks are more streamlined
hveljökull – ice cap (t.d. Vatnajökull)
innræn bráðnun – sub glacial melting /
draining
ís – heimskauta – Ice field (in the sea)
ís – jaki – iceberg (ís sem hefur brotnað frá
jökli út í sjó. Einnig Jökulsárlón)
ís – lagnaðar – ice bound
ís – rek – drift ice (í brotum)
ís – rek - ice floe (samhang. fljótandi ís)
ísaldarmenjar – remains from the glacial
period
ísöld - Ice Age (Pleistosene). Litla ísöld –
little Ice Age
jafnvægi - equilibrium
jöklabúskapur – glacier balance
jöklafræðingur - glaciologist
jökulá - glacial river
jökulgarður – moraine, terminal moraine or
end moraine
jökulhetta - ice-cap, ice-sheet
jökulhlaup - subglacial run-off (flood)
jökulhvel - ice-sheet
jökulruðningur – glacial debris
jökulskeið – period of glaciation
jökulsker – glacier free ridge on a mountain
jökull - glacier
jökull, dalur - valley glacier
jökull, fall - falling glacier
jökull, kjarni – englacial
jökull, skrið - creeping glacier
9
 jökull, rák – streak, mark urðarani – esker (original word was ‘eiscir’
jökull, undir jökli – subglacial and meant ‘ridge’ in Irish)
jökull, tunga – glacier snout þúfa - tussock, hummock
jökull, yfirborð – supraglacial veðrátta - climate
jökulgerðir – 3 glacier classes vélsleði - snow scooter, ski-doo
- á Íslandi – subpolar glaciers
- við heimskautin – polar glaciers
- við miðbaug – temperate glaciers Villt spenndýr á Íslandi
jökullón - glacier lagoon (Jökulsárlón)
jökulrani - medial moraine að kelfa - calve, make pregnant
jökulrof - glacial erosion afbrigði - variety
jökulsprungur – crevasses bægsli - flipper
jökulurðar- rif/grynningar – terminal Golfstraumur – Gulf Stream
moraine shoal (Hvalfjarðargöng) hagamús – wood mouse
kelfing – calving (parts break off the ice, heimkynni - habitat
sbr. Jökulsárlón, Grænland) hreindýrskálfur - calf
kuldaskeið - hreyfar - seal flippers, fins
malarhjallar – gravel terraces (were once hvalur - whale
below sea level – eustasi) kæpa - give birth to the young one
mannbroddar - crampons, spikes, cleats kópur - seal pup
meðalhiti - mean temperature landselur – common seal
melatíglar – stone polygons látur - weaning place
minnka - retreat minkur – mink. (m) boar, (f) sow, (young)
móta - shape, form kits or cub
nútími – recent time (Holocene, sl. 10.000 pólstraumur - polar stream (current)
ár) = postglacial period) refur – arctic fox
rúst (í freðmýri) – palsa (bog), pingo rostungur - walrus
sífreri – permafrost selur - seal
sífreri (undir jarðefni, t.d. við jökla) – dead snoðhár - close hair
ice / stagnant ice útselur – grey seal
sjávarstöðubreytingar - sea level changes
(eustasi)
sjávarstaða hækkar – transgress Hvalir og hvalveiðar
sjávarstaða lækkar – regress
sjávarhamrar – sea cliff Alþjóða Hvalveiðiráðið - The International
sjávarrof – sea erosion (wave erosion) Whaling Commission
skessusæti – formed by cirque (corrie, coire) andanefja - northern bottlenose
glacier áta, dýrasvif - zoo plankton
skríða fram – advance bægsli - fins
snjó-bíll - snowmobile búrhvalslýsi – sperm whale oil
snjó-sleði – snow scooter, ski-doo búrhvalur - sperm whale
snjó-troðari - snowcat fæða (hvalir) - give birth to a calf
snælína – snow line grænlandssléttbakur - Greenland right
sjávarsetlög – marine sediments / deposits whale
stækka - advance háhyrningur - great killer whale (Keiko)
sverfa land - erode (grind down) heimkynni - habitat
uppgufun - evaporation hnísa - harbour porpoise

10
hnúfubakur - humpback whale
hnýðingur - white-beaked dolphin
hrefna - minke whale
hvala, ætt - family
hvala, undirættbálkur - sub-order
hvalur - whale
íslandssléttbakur - Norther right whale
kýr - cow
langreyður - fin whale
leiftur - white-sided dolphin
lungu - lungs
marsvín - long finned pilot whale
meðganga - gestation
mjaldur - beluga
mjólkandi kýr - lactating cow
náhvalur - narwal (unicorn whale)
ofveiði (fiska) - over fishing
ofveiði hvala – over hunting
öndunarop - blowhole
pilshaldari - crinoline
sandreyður - sei whale
sjávarspendýr - sea mammal
skíði - baleen
skíðishvalur - baleen whale (mysticeti)
speni - teat
sporður - tail or fluke
steypireyður - blue whale
tannhvalur - toothed whale (odontoceti)
útdauður - extinct
veiðibann (fiskur) - fishing ban (restriction)
veiðibann (hvalir) - hunting ban
Lax
að hrygna - to spawn
að rækta laxveiðiá - to farm a river
aðlögun að sjó - smoltification
bleikja - char
bragðskyn - sence of taste
eins árs fiskur í sjó sem kemur aftur í ána
- grilse, hoplax
fiskur sem lifir í am en hrygnir í sjó -
catadromous
fiskur sem lifir í sjó en hrygnir í ám -
andromous
gönguseiði (á leið í sjó) - smolt
hængur - male salmon/trout
hafbeit - sea cage ranching
hrogn - roe
hrygna - female salmon/trout
kreista lax - squeeze (in order to fertilize
already spawned roes)
kviðpoki - yolk sack
land- eða strandeldi - land-based farming
laxastigi - fish pass, ladder
laxaveiði - salmon fishing
laxeldi - salmon farming
lyktarskyn - sense of smell
murta - myrtle (endemic to L. Þinvallavatn)
netaveiði - net fishing
rata aftur í sömu á - navigate by smell
regnbogasilungur - rainbow trout
sjóbleikja - sea-run char
sjóurriði - sea-run, brown trout
smáseiði (enn í ánum) - parr
stangaveiði - angling
svil - milt
urriði - trout
vatnableikja - land-locked char
vatnaurriði - land-locked, brown trout
veiðifélag - angling club
Fuglar og fuglabjörg
bjargfugl - cliff bird
dúntekja – down collection / harvest
egg - egg
einkenni – identification characteristics,
distinctive features
farfugl - migratory bird
fargestur - migrant
flækingur - vagrant bird
fuglabjarg - bird nesting cliff
fuglsungi - nestling bird or chick
hreiður - nest
lundahola - puffin hole (burrow)
mávur - seagull
ránfugl - bird of prey
rjúpa í vetrarbúningi – ptarmigan in winter
plumage
spörfugl - passerine, sparrow
staðfugl - non-migratory bird
11
sylla í bjargi - ledge hestastóð – heard of horses
unga út - hatch hestur (kk) – horse
vaðfugl - shorebird, wader hófhlífar – hoof protection
varpfugl - nesting bird hóftunga - frog
vatnafugl - waterfowl, lake bird hófur – hoof
verpa - nest, lay eggs hnakkagjörð – saddle girth
æðarækt – eider duck down farming hnakkur – saddle
hrossaræktarfélag - horse breeding society
hrossatað – horse manure
Íslensku húsdýrin hryssa - mare
hækilliður – hock
Hestur höfuð – head
ístað - stirrup
afturfótur – hind leg ístaðsólar – stirrup harness
beisli - bridle járna – shoe a horse
blóðheitur - hot tempered, fiery kjúka – pastern
bógur – shoulder kyn - sex
burtreiðar - jousting kynbæta - breed
einkenni - qualities, features, characteristics kynblanda - breeding
ennistoppur – forelock kynbótaræktun - breeding
fax - mane leggur – cannon bone
folald - foal lend – croup/hip
foli – young stallion lénsherra - feudal lord
fótviss - sure-footed makki – crest
framfótur – front leg mél – bit
gæðingur - outstanding riding horse nasamúli – drop noseband
gangtegund - gait ökli á hesti – hock
gangur, brokk - trot pískur – whip
gangur, fet - walk prjóna – to rear up, the horse reared up and
gangur, skeið - pace threw its rider off.
gangur, stökk - gallop ratvís - sense of direction
gangur, tölt - tolt (fast or slow four beat gait reiðgata – (UK) bridle path, (US) riding
and very smooth) track
geðslag – characteristics (strong, good reiði - crupper
natured, sure footed and resilient). reiðkennari – riding coach, trainer
geldingur – gelding, castrated horse rólyndur - calm
gjörð – harness sæðingastöð – breeding station
graðhestur - stallion skapgóður - good natured, gentle, good
háls – neck temperament
herðakambur - point of shoulder skeifa – horse shoe
hestabúgarður (GB) - horse farm skyldleikaræktun - inbreeding
hestabúgarður (US) - ranch, stud farm söðull – Icelandic saddle, English saddle,
hestakyn - horse breed Western saddle
hestaleiga – horse rental stóðhestur - stallion, stud
hestamannafélag - riding club tagl – tail
hestamennska - horsemanship taumur - reins
þol - endurance

12
þolinn - stamina fráfærur - weaned sheep
þolreið - endurance race göngur – round-up
upprétt eyru - upright ears, straight ears hyrnt (fé) - horned sheep
útreiðahestur - riding horse kollótt (fé) - polled sheep (without horns)
útrýming - extinction tog - coarse wool
vagnhestur - cart horse lifrarpylsa – liver sausage
valræktun - selective breeding ratvís – homing sheep (pigeon)
viðhalda stofni - maintaining the breed / reka á fjall - drive the sheep to the mountain
blood line summer pastures
réttir – sorting the sheep in the sheep pen
rýja - sheep shearing
Hestalitir sauðburður - lambing season
sauðfé - sheep (et.) sheep (fl.t.)
brúnn – black sláturtíð – slaughter time
brúnsokkóttur – black with white socks smala - sheep round up
bleikur - yellow dun smali – sheep herder
bleikálóttur – Yellow dun sith dorsal stripe stuttrófufé - short-tailed sheep
bleikálóttur skjóttur – Yellow dun þel - fine wool
pinto/skewbald upprekstur – drive the sheep to the
dreyrrauður - blood chestnut mountain summer pastures
grár – grey (sjaldgæfasti hestaliturinn, veiki
aðeins um 6 prósent af heild) riðuveiki – scapie (an infectious, usually
hvítur - white fatal brain disease of sheep)
jarpskjóttur - skewbald (bay) mæðiveiki – sheep rot (infectious
jarpur - bay adenomatosis of the lungs)
leirljós - pale dun, dun fjárkláði –
leirljós (dekkri) - palomino veðurglöggur - weatherwise
ljósjarpur - light bay
ljósrauður - light chestnut
móálóttur - blue dun Húsdýr ýmislegt
rauðblesóttur - chestnut with a blaze
rauðjarpur - red bay hringuð rófa (Ísl. hunds) – coiled / round
rauðskjóttur – piebald tail
rauður - chestnut hundakyn - dog breed
rauður glófextur – chestnut with a flaxen hundaræktarbú - dog breeding kennel
mane and tail hundur – dog, canine
sótrauður - dark chestnut húsdýr – farm animals, domestic animals
svartblesóttur - skewbald (red) hani – cock
hæna – hen
Sheep hænsnarækt – poultry farming, chicken
farming
að taka slátur – make offal hænuungi – chick
almenningur – every man’s pen kalkúnn - turkey
blóðmör – blood pudding svín – pig, swine
forystufé – lead sheep / head sheep svín: gylta – sow
fjárhús – sheep shed svín: göltur – boar
svínabú – pork farm

13
kjúkklingabú – poultry farm
hænsni – poultry
Yfirdýralæknir – Chief Veterinary Officer
Gróður og plöntur
aðflutt tegund – imported species (exotic s.)
auðkenni - characteristics
berfrævingur - gymnosperm
byrkningur - fern, bracken
einkímblöðungur - monocotyledon
erlend/framandi tegund – exotic species
fjöldi - number
fokgjarn - easily airborne
foksandur – drift sand
gras/grös - grass, grasses
grasagarður – botanic garden
(Grasagarðurinn í Reykjavík / Akureyri)
grasafræði – botany
grasafræðingur – botanist
grasnyt – yield of hey (from a field)
gróðureyðing - soil erosion
gróðurþekja - vegetation cover (carpet)
hafstraumur - ocean current, sea current or
stream
háplanta - higher plant, vascular plant
innlend tegund – indigenous species
innlend tegund (sem ekki finnst annarstaðar
í heiminum) – endemic
jarðvegur – soil
jarðvegseyðing / uppblástur – soil erosion
kolagerð - making of charcoal
laus jarðvegur - loose soil
loftstraumur - airflow, air current
lyng - heather
mosafræði - bryology
mosafræðingur – bryologist
norðlægur - northerly
ofbeit - overgrazing
orsök - cause
rekaviður - driftwood
gróðurþekja – soil cover
- rofin – broken
- viðkvæm - vulnerable
sár - erosion marks
skordýr - insect
skrúðgarður – public park (Kjarvalsstaðir)
stör/starir – reed (et.), reeds (flt.)
tegund – species (eins í et. og flt.)
tegundafæð - low number of species
tvíkímblöðungur - dicotyledon
vaxtartími - growing season, period of
growth
verðrátta - climate
versnandi – worsening
Landgræðsla
áburður – fertilizer (often animal manure)
fjárbeit - grazing
frjókorn - pollen
girða land - fence the land, enclose
girðing - fence
hrísla - shrub
köfnunarefni (N) – nitrogen
kolagerð - charcoal burning
Landgræðsla ríkisins – Soil Conservation
Service of Iceland
landgræðsluskógur -
lúpína - (Alaska) lupine
melgresi - Lyme grass, Blue lyme grass, Sea
Lyme grass, Blue wild rye, Sand wild rye,
European dune grass
moldarbarð - escarpment
rimlahlið á vegi – cattle grid / sheep piano
sandgræðsla – soil reclamation on sand
sauðfjárveikigirðing – decease barrier
uppblástur - wind erosion
veðrátta - climate (weather)
Skógrækt
Alaskaösp – black cottonwood
að kolast - carbonise
ættkvísl (plantna) - genus
barrtré - conifer
beyki - beach tree
blæösp – (European aspen)
eik - oak
einir - juniper
fléttur - lichen
fræ - seed
14
fræ - seed sjálfbær ferðamennska - sustainable
fura - pine tourism
græðlingur - cutting þjóðgarður - national park
græðlingur - cutting útivistarsvæði - outdoor recreational area
greni - spruce
hlynur - maple, sycamore
kjarr - brush, shrubs Umhverfismál
lárviður - laurel
laufskógabelti - deciduous tree area dælustöð - pumping station
lauftré - deciduous tree (fella laufin á endurvinnsla (-nýting) – recycling
veturna) fast efni - solid waste
lerki - larch frárennsli - sewerage
loftslag - climate frárennsliskerfi / holræsakerfi - sewerage system (
mosi - moss the system of removing and dealing with waste
ösp - aspen matter and water through sewers- RVK is a town
plöntutegund – species (eins í et. og flt.) with a modern sewerage system
reynitré – rowan tree holræsi – sewer
risafura - giant pine skolp –sewage / sewarage
runni - bush sorp – waste / rubbish /litter
ryðja land - clear the land sorphreinsun - waste collection / waste
skógrækt - forestry management
Skógrækt ríkisins – The Icelandic Forestry strandlengja - coastline (Sewerage in
Service Reykjavík is pumped 5.5 km out to the sea )
skógur - woodland (forest, wood) urða - bury
steingerfingur - fossil urðunarstaður - landfill site
þörungur - algae
trjástofn - tree-trunk Atvinnulíf
víðir - willow
Fiskitegundir, skeljar, krabbar og samsett
orð
Umhverfisvernd
áll – (European) eel
fólkvangur – country park beitukóngur - whelk
friðland – nature reserve beitusíld - herring bait
gróðurhúsaáhrif - greenhouse effect blágóma - jelly cat
hlýnun jarðar - global warming blálanga - blue ling
náttúruminjar – sites of special interest bogakrabbi – shore crab
náttúrusinni – nature conservationist broddbakur - spine eel
náttúruvætti – natural monument / búrfiskur - orange roughy
protected natural phenomena djúpkarfi - deep-sea redfish / rosefish
náttúruvernd – nature conservation / gljáháfur - Portuguese shark
protection grálúða - Greenland halibut
Náttúruverndaráð – Nature Conservation grásleppa - lumpfish
Agency grásleppuhrogn - lumpfish roe
önnur friðuð svæði – other protected areas gulllax - silver smelt
sjáfbær þróun - sustainable development háfur - spiny dogfish
hákarl - Greenland shark, gurry shark

15
hákarl-verkaður - putrified shark, rotten ufsi - saithe
shark úthafskarfi - ocean perch, redfish
hámeri - porbeagle ýsa - haddock
hörpudiskplógur - scallop dredge
hörpudiskur - scallop Sjávarútvegur
hrognkelsi - lumpfish
humar - lobster (nephrops norvegicus) aflaverðmæti - catch value
humarvarpa - lobster trawl afli – catch
hlýri - spotted catfish afskurður - trimmings
ígulker - sea urchin allar fisktegundir - all fish species
karfalýsi - redfish oil annar afli - miscellaneous catch
karfamjöl - redfish meal árabátur - rowing boat
karfi - redfish ástand - condition, state
keila - cusk áttæringur – eight oar boat
kolmunni - blue whiting aukaafurðir - by-products
kræklingur – blue mussel (mytilus edulis) bátar - vessels
langa - ling beita - bait
langhali - grendadier botnfiskafli - demersal catch
langlúra - witch botnfisktegundir - demersal species
loðna - capelin bottnvarpa - bottom trawl
loðnunót - capelin purse seine djúpmið - deep-sea fishing bank
lúða - halibut dragnót - Danish seine
lýsa - whiting dýptarmælir - echo sounder, dept recorder
makríll - mackerel ferskfiskur - fresh fish
náskata - shagreen ray fiskafurðir – marine products
rækja - shrimp fiskileitartæki - fish detector equipment
sandhverfa - turbot fiskimið - fishing ground
sandkoli - dab fiskimjöl - fishmeal
síld - herring fiskiskipaflotinn - the fishing fleet
síldarbræðsla - herring smelting factory fiskneysla - fish consumption
síldarbryggja - herring-boat pier fiskveiðar - fisheries
síldarmjöl – herring fish meal fiskveiðilögsaga - fishing limits / territorial
síldarplan - herring yard waters
síldartunna - herring barrel fiskverkun – fish processing
síldveiði - herring fishing fjara – low tide
skarkoli - plaice fjarlæg mið - distant fishing banks
skata – common skate / blue skate / grey fjármunaeign - capital assets
skate / flapper skate (latin: raja batis) fjármunamyndun - capital gain
skelfiskur - molluscs fjörumaðkur - ?
steinbítur - catfish flatfiskur - flatfish
stinglax - black scabbardfish flök - fillets
svarháfur - black dogfish flotvarpa - pelagic trawl
þorskmöl - cod meal formaður - captain / skipper / foreman
þorskur - cod framleiðsla - production
þykkvalúra - lemon sole frystihús - freezing plant
tindaskata - starry ray geirnyt - rabbit fish
trjónukrabbi – toad crap / sma spider crab

16
gjölnir - smooth head
grasnyt - yield of hey from a field
grunnmið - offshore fishing ground
hagnýting fiskaflans - disposition of catch
hákarlaveiðar - shark fishing
Hamborgarar - citizens of Hamburg,
Germany
handfæri - hand line
háseti - deckhand
heildarafli - total catch
heildarverðmæti - total value
heilfrystur - frozen whole
herpinót - net that tightens at the neck
hertur fiskur - dried fish
hlutaskipti - ?
hrogn - roe
hrognkelsanet - lumpfish gillnet
innanlandsneysla - domestic consumption
ísað - iced
íshús - ice house
kaupmaður – merchant
krabbadýr - crustaceans
kraftblökk - power block
kútter - cutter (one mast)
landhelgi - territorial waters
lestir - metric tonnes
lifrarmjöl - (cod) liver oil
lína - bottom longline
lína - line
lóð - weights
lýsi - fish (cod) liver oil
lýsi - fish oil
marningur - fish mince
net - bottom gillnet
net - net, trawl, trawl net
niðurlagt - semi-preserved
niðursoðið - canned
ofveiði – overfishing / overexploitation
opinn bátur - open boat (without a deck)
reknet - drift net
reykt - smoke-cured
saltfiskflök - salted fillets
saltsíld - salted herring
saltfiskur - salted fish
sjávarafurðir - marine products
sjávarssókn - fishing effort
sjófrysting - frozen at sea
sjómannaskóli - merchant marine school,
maritime college
skipategundir - type of vessels
skipstjóri - captain / skipper
skötuselur - monkfish
skrápflúra - American plaice
skreið - stock fish, dry fish
skreið - stockfish
skúta - fishing smack
skútuöld - the age of the sailing boats
(smacks)
slysavarnarfélag - Sea Rescue Services
spæringslýsi - Norway pout oil
spil á skipi - winch, capstan
stjórnun fiskveiða – fish stock management
stórkjafta - megrim
stýrimaður - helmsman / mate
styrjaldarár - war years
sumarvertíð - summer season
talstöð - radio
þilskip - decked vessel
þunnildi - belly flap
þurrabúðarmaður (tómthúsmaður) - a
tenant farmer with no right to haymaking or
access to pastures
togari - trawler
togari, frysti - freezer trawler
togari, síðu - side trawler
togari, skut - trawler
tólfæringur - twelve-oared boat
trilla – small, open motorboat
uppsjávarfiskur - pelagic fish
úthaldstími - sea time
útmánuður - one of the last three months of
winter
útvegsbóndi - a freeholding farmer who
owned and operated a fishing boat
útvegsjörð - a freehold with fishing rights
veiðarfæri - fishing equipment, f. gear. f.
tackle
vélstjóri - ship’s engineer
verksmiðjuskip - factory ship
vermaður - labourer at a fishing station
verstöð - (seasonal) fishing station
vertíð - fishing season
vinnuafl - labour force, manpower
17
Landbúnaður
áveituskurður – irrigation ditch
dráttarvél - tractor
erlendar tegundir - exotic species
eyrnarmark - ear mark
fjárhús – sheep shed
fjós – cowshed
fjósbaðstofa – living room upstairs from the
cowshed
fóðurbætir - food supplement
framræsluskurðir - drain ditches
fuglarækt – fowl / bird breeding
hesthús - stable
heybaggar - bales of hay
heyrúllur - high-dry matter silage
hlaða – barn
húsdýr – domestic (ated) animals
innlendar tegundir - indigenous species
kúa og kindabóndi - mixed husbandry
kynbætur - breeding (programme)
láglendi - lowland
landbúnaðartæki - farm machinery
laxeldisbú - salmon ranch
ljár - scythe
mjólkurafurðir – dairy products
mjólkurbú - dairy
mjólkurframleiðsla kúa - milk yield
mjólkurkvóti - milk quota (system)
mýrlendi - bog, wetland
mysa – whey (milk)
refabú - fox pelt farm
sauðfjárrækt – sheep farming
sel – dairy hut (used in summer)
sífreri – permafrost (tundra)
skinnaframleiðslubú - pelt farm
súrheysturn - silage silo, silage tower
svínabú – pork farm, pig farm
þúfur - tussocks, hummocks
tún, engi – field, homefield, meadow
tvílemdar ær - two lambed ewes / twins.
Iðnaður
áburðarverksmiðja - fertilizer plant/factory
að prjóna - to knit
að spinna - to spin
að vefa - to weave
álbræðsla - aluminium smelter
atvinnuleysi - unemployment
bókbindari - book binder
gjaldmiðill – currency / legal tender
station
halasnælda - spindle
heimilisiðnaður - home industries
heimskreppa - world depression
hlunnindabúskapur – natural resources
benefit
hugvit – ingenuity / creativity
iðnfyrirtæki - industrial
firm/company/business
járnsmiður - blacksmith
kísilgúrverksmiðja - diatomite factory
kíslileir – diatomite clay
klæðagerð - the making of clothes
klæðskeri - tailor
kljásteinn - loom weights
líftækniiðnaður - bio-industry
matvælaiðnaður - the food and beverage
industry
mjólkuriðnaður - dairy industry
peysa - pullover / sweater / jumper
prjónles - knitted goods
rokkur - spinning-wheel
sementsverksmiðja - cement factory
sjálfsþurftarþjóðfélag - self sufficient
society
skinnaverkun - tanning
skósmiður - cobbler / shoemaker
söðlasmiður - saddle maker, harness-maker
sokkur - sock
sölutregða - decline in sales
steinsmiður - stone mason
sútunarverksmiðja - tanning factory
trésmiður - carpenter
ullarkambur - wool card
ullarvinnsla - wool industry
vaðmál - home spun cloth
vefstóll - loom
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veiðarfæragerð - the making of fishing gear
/ tackle
verðfall - price decrease
vettlingur – mitten
vöruskipti – trade exchange
vöruskiptajöfnuður – trade balance
Ferðaþjónusta
Agenda 21 – staðardagskrá (21. öld)
áfangastaður - destination
einstaklingsferðir - individual travel
fararstjóri – tour- leader / escort / manager
ferðaheildsali - tour operator
ferðamaður - traveller, guest, visitor,
(tourist)
ferðamennska - tourism
ferðamennska (vistvæn) - ecotourism
ferðaskipuleggjandi - tour processor
ferðaskrifstofa - travel agency
ferðaþjónusta - travel services, travel
industry
fjöldaferðamennska - mass tourism
hnattvæðing - globalisation
hópstjóri - tour escort, tour manager, tour
leader
leiðsögumaður - tourist guide
margfeldisáhrif – multiplier effect
pakkaferðir - fully inclusive tours (FIT)
sjálfbær ferðamennska - sustainable
tourism
sjálfbær þróun - sustainable development
skemmtiferðaskip - cruise ship, luxury
ocean liner
starfsmaður ferðaskrifstofu - travel agent
stefnumótun í ferðaþjónustu - white paper
on tourism
svæðisleiðsögumaður - local tourist guide
víðerni - wilderness
þolmörk - carrying capacity
Orkumál
aðfallskurður - water supply ditch
borhola - drill hole (bore hole)
gufuaflsraforkuver - geothermal power
plant / station
hverfill - turbine
orkufrekur iðnaður - high power intensive
industry
rafall - generator
raflína - electric cable
raflínumastur - electric pylon
raforka - electric power / energy
segulsvið – magnetic field
stöðurafmagn - static electricity
stöðvarhús - power station
uppistöðulón - water reservoir, dam
vatnsaflsraforkuver - hydro-electric power
plant / station
vatnslögn - water pipe
Þjóðfélagið
almannatryggingar - social security
almenn læknishjálp - general medical
attention
atvinnuleysi - unemployment
banvænn sjúkdómur - terminal decease
beinir skattar - direct taxes
bifreiðaeign - car ownership
dagpeningar - maintenance allowance
dánarbætur - death compensation
diagnosis - sjúkdómsgreining
ekkju og ekkilsbætur - widow’s /
widdower’s pension
ellilífeyrir - old age pension
feðralaun – paternity allowance / support
félagsbústaðir hf. Reykjavík Social
Housing
fæðingarorlof – maternity/paternity leave
fæðingarstyrkur – maternity/paternity grant
fæðingartíðni - birth-rate
geislameðferð - radiation therapy
heimilislæknir - general practitioner (GP)
húsakostur - housing
langvarandi sjúkdómur - long term illness
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lífeyristryggingar - pension insurance óperusöngvari - opera singer
lífskjör - standard of living symbolismi - symbolism
lífslíkur - life expectancy
lyf - medicine
lýðfræði – demography Veðurfar
lýðfræðilegur - demographic
mæðralaun - maternity allowance / support háský - altostratus
mannfjöldi - population loftvog - barometer
meðalaævilengd - average life-span iðustraumar - convection currents
menntun - education koma saman - convergence
óbeinir skattar - indirect taxes daggarmark - dew point
örorkubætur - disabled benefit úði - drizzle
örorkulífeyrir - disabled fund þurrkur - drought
ríkisstyrkt læknishjálp - national health hitabelti - tropical
system, socialized medicine heimskaut (norður) Arctic
röntgenmyndatökur - X-ray heimskaut (suður) Antarctic
sérfræðingur - specialist (medical doctor) uppgufun - evaporation
sjúkrahúsvist - hospitalization flóð - flood
sjúkrakostnaður - hospitalization costs þoka - fog
skattur - tax veðurspá - forecasting
slysatryggingar - accident insurance veðurfræðingur - meteorologist
söluskattur - sales tax veðurskil (kulda) - cold front
tekjutrygging - supplementary income veðurskil (hita) - warm front
benefit gróðurhúsaáhrif - greenhouse effect
ungbarnadauði - infant mortality rate vindhviður - gusts
velmegun - prosperity hagl - hail
velmegunarþjóðfélag - welfare state hvirfilbylur - hurricane
verðbólga - inflation grýlukerti - icicles
virðisaukaskattur - value added tax (VAT) elding – lightning
norður- og suðurljós – polar lights
norðurljós á norðurhveli - aurora borealis
Listir (northern lights)
norðurljós á suðurhveli – aurora australis
dægurlagasöngvari - pop singer úrkoma - precipitation
glerlistamaður - glass artist lægð - low pressure system
kvikmyndun - filming hæð - high pressure system
leikari - actor / actress regnbogi - rainbow
leikritun - playwriting, the writing of drama sólstöður - solstice (summer)
leiksýning - theatrical performance lág grá ský (algeng á Íslandi) - stratus
listahátíð - arts festival góðviðrisský - cumulus
listamaður - artist veðurathugunarstöð - weather station
listasafn - art gallery veðurhani - wind vane
listdans - ballet vindkæling - wind chill
listdansari - ballet dancer hjúkaþeyr - berg wind
listmálari - painter veðurfræði - meteorology
mynhöggvari - sculptor hæðarhryggur – high pressure system
nýaldarlistamaður - new age artist slydda - sleet

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hlákuvatn – runoff / melt water
þruma - thunder
Fornbókmenntir og Íslensku
handritin
arfleifð - heritage
biblía - Bible
bókaútgáfa - book publishing, publishing
house
bókmenntaverðlaun - literary awards
(prize)
bókmenntaverðlaun Nóbels - The Nobel
Prize
bragháttur - metre
dróttkvæði - court poetry (Old Norse verse
form in eight-line stanzas)
Eddukvæði - Eddaic poems, The Poetic /
Scaldic Edda, The Elder Edda
fornbókmenntir - classical and pre-classical
literature
fuglsfjöður – bird feather
fjaðrastafur (penni) - quill
geymd - preservation / transmission
geymd, munnleg - oral transmission
geymd, rituð - written transmission
goðakvæði - mythological poems
Heimskringla - The Epic History of the
Kings of Norway
hetjukvæði - epic poems, heroic poems
kálfskinn - vellum
kirkjulegur - ecclesiastical
nútímabókmenntir - modern literature
prentsmiðja - printing press
rímur - Icelandic ballads, rimes
rithöfundur - author, writer, novelist, poet,
playwright, dramatist
rúnarista - runic inscription
rúnir - runes
sagnadansar - folk ballads
sagnaritun - historiography, the recording
of the Sagas
samgermanskur - pan-Germanic heritage
Snorra Edda - The Prose Edda
sögur, fornaldar - popular (secular) tales of
the 13th - 15th centuries
sögur, riddara - chivalric romances
stafrófið – Latin alphabet. Came to Iceland
via England (Grágás, 1117)
stefna í bókmenntum - school of thought,
trend, movement
stefna, nýrómantísk - neo-romanticism
stefna, raunsæis - realism
stefna, rómantísk - romanticism
testamennt, gamla - Old Testament
testamennt, nýja - New Testament
þýðing á bók - translation
veraldlegur – secular
Skólar
Ferðamálaskóli Íslands – Iceland Tourism
School
fjölbrautarskóli – higher secondary school
Fóstruskóli – kindergarten school
fræðsla – education, teaching, instruction
Garðyrkjuskólinn – Horticultural
University in Hveragerði (nú hluti af
Landbúnaðarháskólanum)
grunnskóli, barnaskóli – (6-12) primary
school
grunnskóli, gagnfræðaskóli – (13-16)
secondary school
hætta í skóla – school drop outs
háskóla, deildir (11) – faculties
háskóla, skor - departments
Háskóli Íslands – University of Iceland
Háskólinn á Bifröst (viðskiptaháskóli) –
Bifröst (Business) University (2006)
Háskólinn í Reykjavík – Reykjavik
University
heimavistarskóli – boarding school
héraðskóli – district school
hjúkrunarskóli – nursing school
húsmæðraskóli – finishing school for
women, or – domestic science school
iðnskóli – craftsmanship school, trade
school
Iþróttakennaraháskólinn Laugarvatni –
Iceland University of Education (sports)
Kennaraháskóli Íslands– Iceland
University of Education
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Landbúnaðarháskólinn (Hvanneyri, hákarl – putrified shark
RALA, Garðyrkjuskólinn) –Iceland hangikjöt – smoked lamb / mutton
University of Agriculture hestaskinn – horse hide
Leiðsöguskóli Íslands – Iceland Tourist hestasveinn – horseminder
Guide School huldumaður – hidden man / elf-man
Listaháskólinn – University of the Arts kirkjusókn – parish
Lögregluskólinn – The Police Academy kúasmali – cowhearder
Lýðháskóli – popular high school nafni – namesake
Menntamálaráðherra – Minister of nátttröll – night troll
Education nes – headland / peninsula
menntaskóli – higher secondary grammar púki – imp
school selaskinn – seal skin
menntaskóli, bekkjarkerfi - (17-20 yrs.) sögur gamalla eiginkvenna – old wives
higher secondary grammar school tales
menntaskóli, fjölbraut – (17-20) higher troll (female) – ogress
secondary school troll (male) – troll
Námsflokkar Reykjavíkur – Reykjavík’s umskiptingur – changeling
Municipal Centre for Adult Education vegaslóði – track
námsmat – study evaluation vetrarsólstöður – winter / summer solstice
próf, munnlegt – oral exam
próf, símat – continuous evaluation
próf, skriflegt – written exam
próf, verklegt – practical exam
sjómannaskólinn – The Nautical Academy To be continued...
skólalög – educational law
skólanefnd – school board, committee
skólaskylda – compulsory schooling
skólastefna – education policy
stúdentspróf – university entrance
exemption / school leaving certificate / high
school diploma
tækniháskóli – technical university
Tækniháskólinn – The Icelandic University
of Engineering and Technology (merged
with University of Reykjavík, 2004/5)
Viðskiptaháskólinn Bifröst – Bifröst
Business University

Að segja sögu

fara til hvanna (hvannarætur) – root

collection
fjallagrasaferð – herb collection
flot – slab of fat
galdramaður – wizard / enchanter
gil – gully

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Nokkrar góðar vefsíður
Þjóðgarðurinn á Þingvöllum. Vefsíða:
www.thingvellir.is
Félag Leiðsögumanna – orðalistar yfir fiska,
fuglaheiti, hvali, landspendýr, plöntuheiti og
skólakerfið (ekki alveg nýr)
http://www.touristguide.is
A Beastly Garden Of Wordy Delights –
Melissa Kaplan’s Anapsid.org. Hér er á ferð
vefsíða með dýranöfnum, dýrahópanöfnum,
hjóðum, afkvæmum, karl og kvennöfnum. Bæði
til á vef, og í pdf-skjali.
Vefur: http://www.anapsid.org
PDF:www.anapsid.org/pdf/beastlywords.pdf
English Web-Dictionary
http://www.dictionary.com
Orðasafn Íslenskrar Málstöðvar. Ýmiss
sérfræðiorð. http://www.ismal.hi.is/ob/
The World Factbook – Tölfræðilegar
upplýsingar frá ýmsum löndum. Gott til að bera
saman Ísland við kjörlandið.
http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/g
eos
The Nordic Institute for Research and
Training in Volcanology and Related Fields.
Ágæt síða til að bæta við sig orðaforða í
jarðfræði.
http://www.norvol.hi.is
WordNet. A lexical database for the English
language. Orðabók ensk, ensk (USA)
http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/webwn
Hafrannsóknarstofnun. Orðabók:
http://www.hafro.is/ordabok
Jarðhiti: Fræðigreinar Ísland og útlönd:
http://jardhitafelag.is/papers/content.php
Hitaveita Suðurnesja: www.hs.is
Natural History of Iceland Site
Listar um plöntur og fugla á netinu:
http://www.iceland-
nh.net/plants/taxonomy1.html
Icelandic-English glossary of selected
geoscience terms:
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of95-
807/geoicelandic.html
Jarðfræðiglósur á íslensku
http://www.mr.is/~gk/jfr/ordskyr/index.html
Uppruni orða á ensku: Online Etymology
Dictionary.
http://www.etymonline.com/
Iceland Worldwide: birds, mammals, fish.
http://www.iww.is/pages/alife/biglf.html
Travels in the 19th Century in Iceland:
Áhugavert lesefni um ferðalög útlendinga á
Íslandi.
http://www.edjackson.ca/19thcenturyiceland
Tageo.com
Mjög áhugaverð síða með nýjustu tölulegu
upplýsingum, örnefnum og staðsetningu þeirra á
landinu. Hægt að finna staði með leitarvél sem
sýnir staðsetninguna á korti.
http://www.tageo.com/index-e-ic-v-00.htm
Örnefnaskrá Íslands
http://gisland.rhi.hi.is/ornefnaskra/index-is.html
Fuglar íslenska-enska
http://www.dxman.com/Texti/Fuglar.txt
Hagfræðihugtök á ensku og íslensku
http://ru.is/publications/ordasafn/bokin/ensk-
isl.pdf
A billion / milljarður
Ísland = 1000.000.000
Bandaríkin = 1000.000.000
Bretland = 1000.000.000.000
Vinsamlega komið ábendingum til Stefáns
Helga Valssonar með tölvupósti. Netfang:
valsson@centrum.is
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