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Summary
Thursday, 4 February 2016 8:04 PM
Schrodinger:
• Second shell onwards has orbitals
• Orbitals: Regions of space at different energy shells around the nucleus where electrons of certain energy levels
are likely to occupy
• Every orbital can have 0,1 or 2 electrons (Pauli Exclusion Principal)
• First (S level) is always a sphere
• Energy Shell 1
○ S Subshell (1 orbital)
• Energy Shell 2
○ S Subshell (1 orbital)
○ P Subshell (3 Orbitals)
• Energy Shell 3
○ S Subshell (1 Orbital)
○ P Subshell (3 Orbitals)
○ D Subshell (5 Orbitals)
• Notation is
○ [Shell Number] [Subshell Letter] [Amount of Electrons in subshell]
○ EG: Neon is 1S2 2S2 2P6
○ Within orbital with two electrons, Because one rotates each way
• 4S has less energy than 3D and electrons want to have the lowest amount possible, hence: 4S is filled before 3D
• Ensure that in notation, 3D still comes before 4S
• If an atom in excited state, a subshell will have a vacancy where it shouldn't (subshell diagram will have gaps)
○ EG: 1S2 2S2 2P5 3S1 (2P5 isn't filled
• Atoms would rather half fill orbitals (have one in) than have them empty (have none in)
• EG: the electronic configuration 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d5, 4s1 as opposed to 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d4, 4s2 .
• Half Filled is more stable
• To be still in ground state, amount of electrons in subshell must equal amount of orbitals or more (in order of
filling)
• The sharing in excited state only occurs in 3D and 4S
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