MECHATRONICS LAB REPORT

PNEUMATIC & ELECTRO PNUMATIC SYSTEM

GROUP W2

Name ID

Muhammad Fayaz Bin Abdul Hannan 20992

Avinnash Karthik Nambiar 21178

Sammer Singh A.L. Dara Singh 21252

Nik Irsyad Bin Nik Kamaruzaman 21040

Lecturer: Dr. Mark Ovinis

Contents
1.0 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 3

2.0 Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 3

3.0 Theory .................................................................................................................................. 3

4.0 Procedure ............................................................................................................................. 4

5.0 Data Collection .................................................................................................................... 4

6.0 Results .................................................................................................................................. 5

7.0 Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 5

8.0 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 6

1.0 Abstract
Pneumatics system is classified under Fluid Power Control which can be describe as any
process or device that converts, distribute or control power through the use of pressurized gas
and liquid. Working fluid in pneumatics system is gas which is compressed above atmospheric
pressure to give pressure energy to the molecules and converted to mechanical work using
control valves and actuators. Pneumatic systems are used extensively in various
industries. Some application of this system in real world is controlling train doors, air brakes
on train and trucks and many more. Most pneumatic systems rely on a constant supply of
compressed air to make them work. This is provided by an air compressor. The compressor
sucks in air from the atmosphere and stores it in a high-pressure tank called a receiver. This
compressed air is then supplied to the system through a series of pipes and valves.

2.0 Objectives
 To be able to interpret pneumatic circuit system drawing
 Understand the how the component works in the circuit
 Evaluate the operation of valves and cylinders
 Design a simple system for sequential operations

3.0 Theory
Similar to how hydraulics is associated to liquids, pneumatics is the analogous equivalent when
it comes to gases. Gases have intrinsic properties that correlate and interact with each of its
physical properties, such as pressure, temperature and so on. The main division of science that
deals with gases and its mechanical properties is what that is known to us as pneumatics.
Pneumatics have a very wide range of application, especially those that are industrial or more
robust than daily life applications. Via the use of compress air, the principles of pneumatics are
used to create a medium that can efficiently transfer mechanical or kinetic energy through high
pressure air which is then used to run pneumatic equipment or tools. This process is highly
desirable in the industry due to the low cost and ease of maintenance, since pneumatic tools
are significantly cheaper than power tools on a macro scale.

Apart from air, other gaseous medium is also known to be used in pneumatics. Such examples
include, but are not limited to nitrogen, carbon dioxide and many more. The basic pneumatic
systems usually include a compressor to compress and increase the air pressure, in order to
store more air within a given volume, so to speak. Next, a storage tank is required in order to
store the compress air while it waits to be used. In case of a low demand scenario, the
compressor is occasionally shut down to prevent excessive usage of electricity and energy
wastage.

Apart from the basic working mechanisms, other key points to be noted is that the air is
thoroughly cleaned before being compressed and sent to be used by the many pneumatic tools.
The reason for this is that dirt and impurities in the air can compromise the functionality of not
only the pneumatic tools, but also the compressing system itself. Thus it is not uncommon to
observe an array of filters and separators in a typical air compressing system layout.

As for this experiment, we will be looking at how to read a pneumatic diagram and assemble
the components as per the preassigned layout. Moreover, we will also tinker about the many
types of valves and pneumatic controllers to observe the many possibilities of using pneumatics
to actuate and control movement.

4.0 Procedure
1. The pneumatic components in the diagram (as shown below, after this procedure) are
identified. The types and quantity of components required are also noted and we
proceeded to obtain said components from designated storage area.
2. The components are then roughly laid on the work area as according to how they were
laid out in the pneumatic diagram.
3. The components are then connected to one another as per the diagram using pneumatics
tubes. Certain parts are also connected directly to the compressed air source, as
required,
4. All connections are then thoroughly checked to ensure that there are no leaks and are
secure.
5. The main switch for the compressed air is then turned on and the resulting motion for
the piston cylinder is observed. Necessary adjustments to the air pressure and/or the
pneumatic connections are made, to ensure a smoother motion is obtained.

5.0 Data Collection

For this chapter of lab report, the data collection is to understand the connection of air hose
connected to the right equipment and to understand its routing through the figure provide from
Lab Manual. Once cylinder A works, cylinder B needed to be connected together with cylinder
A where both should work as one system
 FIGURE 5.1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM PROVIDED FROM LAB MANUAL

6.0 Results
Once the system of Cylinder A works, it is time to connect the system of Cylinder B where
both the system will be supplied air pressure from the same point. Both the systems must work
alternatively, where once Cylinder A extends Cylinder B retracts and when Cylinder A retracts
Cylinder B extends.

To make the system work as mentioned, we need to connect the two position controlled sensor
to the solenoid controlled flow gate of the other cylinder.

Thus, at the end of the experiment we are able to achieve the expected results. The key for the
systems to work smoothly, is to check on the routing of pipes connected to the equipment
correctly.

7.0 Discussion
From this experiment, we had learnt about each main component that is related to the pneumatic
system. We also explore about the function of the components by installing the components to
the main source and we used the try and error concept to get further understanding about the
working concept for each component. After we have good understanding of the function for
each component, we learnt about the basic working principle of pneumatic system by
completing the pneumatic circuit according to the schematic diagram. Based on the practical
activities, we manage to understand that the main source which is the air supplier then
connected by tubing to Solenoid double gate valve then from the solenoid double gate valve to
the piston and connect the wiring system to the two position sensor the operate the experiment
then after that we operate the experiment by dual system which we get two components of each
apparatus then connect them and do the wiring system to operate the pistons one by one
sequent.

FIGURE 7.1: CONNECTING CYLINDER FROM SYSTEM A WITH CYLINDER FROM SYSTEM B

8.0 Conclusion
As conclusion, by completing this experiment, we manage to have better understanding about
the function of each component. We also had experienced on how to construct accurately and
can arrange the component of pneumatic circuit systematically. Then we can know how to
report and explain briefly the operation of pneumatic experiment in group. We believed that
the objectives of this experiment had been achieved. For our recommendation, there are
components that have been damaged mixed with the component that can work. Components
should be separated so that students do not use these components to build the circuit.
Components need to be replaced with new components so that students can use enough
components to build the circuit mainly used by many groups.