VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590018

Report on Group Activity

Title:- Electro pneumatic circuit

Hydraulic cylinder synchronizing
circuit
Course :FLUID POWER ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
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JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
 HYDRAULICS & PNEUMATICS
Introduction to
Electro-pneumatics

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 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRO-
PNEUMATICS
Electro-pneumatic is widely used in many areas of industrial automation,

production, assembly, and packaging systems worldwide. These systems are

driven by electro-pneumatic control systems. The following figures show

different applications of electro-pneumatic machines.

 In electro-pneumatics, the pneumatic components are controlled by using

electrical and electronic circuits. Electronic and electromagnetic sensors,

electrical switches and industrial computers are used to replace the manual

control of a pneumatic system.

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DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC
MACHINES

Yogurt filling machine

Milk filling machine

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SIGNAL FLOW IN ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC
CONTROL SYSTEM Command execution: It takes place at high power
Command level either for:
execution  High speed-fast ejection of product
 Apply high force as in power presses

Signal Output: The signal forms as a link

Signal output
between the signal control section and the
power section

Signal processing •Signal processing: The signal is processed in

the processing station such as OR gate, AND
gate or time delay valve.

Signal Input
• Signal Input: This signal is usually
generated from sensor or switch.
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ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC
SYSTEMS:
1- Greater reliability:
Less moving parts subjected to wear compared to mechanical control
systems.
2- Reduced installation complexity:
Less components and hoses, leads to less effort in planning and
commissioning especially with large and complex systems.

3- The control system can be easily modified and adapted:

It is easier to change wiring and modify programs rather than changing
mechanical components and hose networks.
Example: the AND gate is replaced with logic and through using electrical
switches.

4- Easy handling: Less complexity

5- Secure mounting: Fewer hoses 6
COMPONENTS OF ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC
SYSTEM
The electro pneumatic system is normally consists of the following
items:
1.DC power supply
2.Switches
3.Relays
4.Solenoid valves
5.Sensors

DC power supply
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The power supply is used to reduce and convert the 230 V AC to a 24 V DC.
DC POWER SUPPLY
• The power supply components which are shown below have the following
functions:

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THE TRANSFORMER

• The transformer reduces the main voltage (230 to 24 volt).

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THE RECTIFIER
• The rectifier converts the AC voltage to DC voltage.

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THE STABILIZER
• The stabilizer is used to smooth and maintain constant voltage at the
output.

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PUSH BUTTON SWITCHES
• These switches are activated manually and used to connect or
disconnect the electric current in the control circuit. There are three

types of the push button switches:

Normally Normally closed Changeover

opened contact contact contact
(make) (break) (two-way)

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NORMALLY OPENED CONTACT
(MAKE)
• In the case of a normally opened switch, the circuit is open if the
switch is in its initial position.

• Pressing the pushbutton results in closing the circuit and then the
current will flow to load. When the plunger is released the spring will
returns the switch to its initial position.

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NORMALLY CLOSED CONTACT
(BREAK)
• In the case of the normally closed switch, the circuit is closed when the
switch is in its initial position. The circuit is interrupted by pressing the

pushbutton. The figure shows the ISO symbol of the push button N/C.

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CHANGEOVER CONTACT (TWO-
WAY)
•The changeover contact, shown below combines the function of the
normally open and normally closed. Changeover contacts are used to

close one circuit and open another circuit in one switching operation.

2 4

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DETENT SWITCHES

• The figures below show the ISO symbol of the normally open detent
switch and normally closed detent switch respectively.

• Detent switches also designed to be as normally open, normally

closed or changeover switches.

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 WHAT IS SYNCHRONIZING
CIRCUIT IN HYDRAULICS?

• Flow-control synchronizing circuits work with air or

hydraulic cylinders. ... With flow controls, the
cylinders stay reasonably synchronized only if load
position does not change. If the load moves,
cylinder force must change to maintain
synchronization.

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HOW HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
WORKS
• Hydraulic circuits transmit and control power
from a mechanical input to ac forces dominate
over dynamic forces, and energy is transmitted
mostly through static pressure at low flow velocities.

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