PLANING MACHINE AND MECHANISM

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI

TECHNICAL REPORT ON

PLANING MACHINE AND MECHANISMS

Submitted by:
Sl. No Student Name USN Student Marks awarded Signature
signature Report Presentation Total of fac
(5M) (5M) (10M)
1 KIRAN KUMAR V 1JS19ME038
2 KRITHIK H 1JS19ME039
3 KUSHAL D S 1JS19ME040
4 LAVKUSH R 1JS19ME041
5 M ASWIN 1JS19ME042
6 M PRAJWAL ARADHYA 1JS19ME043
7 M S VISHRANTH 1JS19ME044

Guided by:

Prof. J.S. Srikanta Murthy

JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru – 560060

Department of Mechanical Engineering

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 Introduction

 Definition

 Planer machine parts

 Working principle

 Planer machine types

 Advantages of planer machine

 Disadvantages of planer machine

 Applications of planer machines

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Introduction:

The principle of the planner machine is the concept of relative tool-work motions.
Reciprocation of the tool or job and the slow, intermittent transverse feed motions are
imparted to the job or tool by the fast straight path cutting motion.

Al the operations done in planning machines can be done in the shaping machine.
Stroke length, larger size, and higher rigidity enable the planning machines to do more
heavy-duty work on large jobs and their long surfaces. It produces planes and flat
surfaces with a single point cutting tool. A planer machine is large and massive as
compared to a shaper machine. The planer can do machining heavy workpiece, which
cannot be done on a shaper surface

Definition

Planer Machine is a machine in which unwanted material is cut from the workpiece to
produce a flat surface on the workpiece. Unlike Shaper Machine, in this machine, more
than one tool can be set and perform an operation

Planer machine parts

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 Bed
 Column or Housing
 Table
 Cross Rail
 Tool Head
 Driving
 Feed Mechanism

Fig1. Parts of planer machine

Bed:
The bed of a planer having cross ribs similar to box-like casting. It is heavy in weight
and very large in size also it supports the column and moving parts of the machine. The
bed is made generally longer than the length of the table, almost twice the length. So

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that the full length of the table may across it. To support the table guideways may be
provided on a very large machine.

Column or Housing:
The housings also called columns like vertical structures placed on each side of the bed
and are attached to the sides of the bed. They are heavily mechanized to continue
severe forces due to cutting. Cross rail may be made to slide up and down for
accommodating different heights of work to the front face of each housing is accurately
machined to provide precision ways.

Table:
The table of the planer supports the workpiece and reciprocates along with the ways of
the bed. The planer table is a heavy rectangular casting that has T-slots provided on the
entire length of the table so that the work and work holding devices attached to it. In the
end, a hollow space is left which acts as a carrier for collecting chips. Works can also
rest upon the troughs of the planer.

Cross Rail:
The Crossrail is a casting that connects the two housings. Crossrail provides rigidity to
the machine. It occupies the face of the housing and can be clamped at the position by
manual, hydraulic devices. The Crossrail when clamped should remain parallel to the
top surface of the table, i.e. It must be horizontal irrespective of its position.

Tool Head:
Tool head is a component assembled to saddle, which has the tool post in it. The tool
post is attached to the head so that on to and from of the table the cutting tool force is
raised. The cutting edge of the tool will be saved as of being damage and permits the
automatic supply to function with no intrusion.

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Driving and Feed Mechanism:

The feeding mechanism of the tool head is by the hand of power in a crosswise or in a
vertical direction. The drive mechanism is located under the table and The motor drive
is at one side of the planer. The size of the planer is specified by the maximum length of
the stroke, and it is also specified by the largest rectangular size that can be machined.

Working principle:

The worktable can be move and the tool head of the machine is in a stationary position.
The workpiece is fixed on the work table and The single point cutting tool is attached to
the tool head and now we switch on the machine that means power supply to the
machine and the worktable moves forward. Hence it cuts the material and it is called
cutting stroke. The worktable moves downward there is no cutting of material so this is
called the return stroke. The process will be continued unless you change the power
supply or others.

Fig2. Planar machine

Kinematics and its mechanism involve transformation and transmission of rotation of the
motor into reciprocating motion of the work table and the transverse motions of the

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tools. The reciprocation motion of the table that gives cutting motion to the job, is
obtained by a rack-pinion mechanism. The rack is fitted with the table and the pinion is
fitted on the output shaft of the speed gearbox.

The blocks hold the cutting tools that move horizontally along the rail by the screw-nut
system and the rail is again moved up and down by screw-nut pair different from it.
The belts are used as drivers to reciprocate the table alternatively. The greater arc of
contact on the larger pulley is used to drive the table. Greater power and less speed is
required during the cutting stroke and is done by connecting the cross belt with a larger
diameter pulley which is fed on the shaft. The power from the shaft transmits through
pinion P and spur gear.

Planar machine types

 Double Housing Planer Machine

 Pit Planer Machine
 Open Side Machine
 Edge Planer Machine and
 Divided Table Planer Machine

Double housing planer machine

Most of the workshops use a double housing planer machine. Double housing planers
have a long heavy base with machined guideways accurate on which a table
reciprocates. The bed length is greater than twice the length of the table. Two vertical
housings are mounted one housing: One on each side and these are connected at the
top by a cross member. It has a horizontal cross rail that carries two tool heads slides
over the vertical faces of the machine housing. Tool heads are moved by hand or power

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in the cross or vertical direction for the feeding operation. Double housing planer is a
high speed, heavy-duty as well as rigid machines.

Fig3. Double housing planer machine

It has a high degree of surface finish. Work is mounted on a table which reciprocates
while the tool is held on the machine frame. It can make deep cuts and heavy feeds can
be applied to finish the work in a short time. The tool is stationery and work is moving.
Heavier, stronger, and larger tools are used. Throughout the stroke cutting and return,
speeds are uniform. Double housing Planer consumes a power of 150 horsepower and
the double housing holds the large floor area.

Pit planer machine:

Pit planer has a massive construction in which the table is kept in a pit and kept
stationary. The crosses rail reciprocates on a horizontal rail mounted on both sides of
the table. The table of the planer is leveled with the floor, so heavy work can be loaded.
It has two tool heads and these can be moved horizontally and vertically to have the
feed. By means of a motor, a driving screw is used for driving the column

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Fig4. Pit planer machine

Open side planer machine:

One housing on one side of the base is attached or clamped on which a cross rail on a
table moves. The open side planer machine has three tool heads mounted on the
machine. Single housing will bear the entire load, Therefore it should be rigid and robust
to face the forces. It can slide along the guideways of the housing in the vertical
direction which carries the tool heads.

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Fig5. Open side planer machine

Edge planer machine:

Edge planer is also called plate planer and is used for bevelling and squaring the edges
of steel plates used for pressure vessels in different applications and in the ship
buildings industry. The table holds the work that remains in a stationary position. The
workpiece can be attached by air-operated clamps. The tool-head that mounts on the
carriage moves along two horizontal guideways.

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Fig6. Edge planer machine

Divided table planer machine:

Divided table Planer Machine has two tables on the bed that can reciprocate separately
or jointly. This will saves the idle time when you set the work. Divided type planer is
mostly suitable for mass production work that can Machine is to be done identically, the
work on one of the tables is loaded, the other part can reciprocate the cutting tool for the
finishing process. Finishing the work can be done after the table is stopped and the
finished job is ejected by shifting the table to the end. Heavy and large jobs are clamped
together therefore given the reciprocating movement by the tool.

Advantages of planer machine:

 It has Greater accuracy,

 Good surface finish,

 More than one tool can perform on the workpiece at a time and

 Low maintenance is required.

Disadvantages of planer machine:

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 The cost of the machine is on the higher side.

 The power consumption is quite more.

 The skilled worker required.

 Only tool single point is used.

Applications of planer machine :

 The Planer machine is used for Flat surfaces on the workpiece.

 Cutting angular surfaces is one of the major applications.

 Cutting slots and grooves.

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