CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIAL LABORATORY

(E-MEI)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS

COURSE CODE AND DAR14203 –INDUSTRIAL MOTOR

COURSE NAME CONTROL PRACTICE

YEAR 2DAR

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT DIRECT ON LINE STARTER

EXPERIMENT NO. 1
AIM: To provide knowledge in Direct On Line (D.O.L) Starter.

1.0 OBJECTIVES

1.1 To study about control circuit and main circuit for Direct on Line Starter.
1.2 To study the operation of AC Motor starting with Direct on Line Starter.
1.3 To study about the control equipment for Electrical Motor Control.

2.0 THEORY :

2.1 DIRECT ON LINE STARTER (D.O.L)

A.C. Induction motors are traditionally started and stopped by applying and
removing the A.C. supply. In some cases, a full voltage start is acceptable, but in many
situations, the start current must be reduced, and so a reduced voltage starter is
employed.

The simplest form of motor starter for the induction motor is the Direct On
Line starter. The DOL starter comprises a switch and an overload protection relay. See
Figure 1.

Figure 1

The switch may be a manually operated load break switch, but more commonly
it would be an electromagnetic contactor which can be opened by the thermal overload
relay. Typically, the contactor will be controlled by separate start and stop buttons, and
an auxiliary contact is used as a hold in contact. i.e. the contactor is electrically latched
closed while the motor is operating.

To start, the contactor is closed, applying full line voltage to the motor
windings. The motor will draw a very high inrush current for a very short time, to
establish the magnetic field in the iron, and then the current will be limited to the
Locked Rotor Current (LRC) of the motor. The motor will develop Locked Rotor
Torque (LRT) and begin to accelerate towards full speed. As the motor accelerates,
the current will begin to drop, but will not drop significantly until the motor is at a high
speed, typically about 85% of synchronous speed. The actual starting current curve
 is a function of the motor design, and the terminal voltage, and is totally
independent of the motor load. The motor load will affect the time taken for the
motor to accelerate to full speed and therefore the duration of the high starting current,
but not the magnitude of the starting current.

Provided the torque developed by the motor exceeds the load torque at all
speeds during the start cycle, the motor will reach full speed. If the torque delivered by
the motor is less than the torque of the load at any speed during the start cycle, the
motor will cease accelerating. If the starting torque with a DOL starter is insufficient
for the load, the motor must be replaced with a motor which can develop a higher
starting torque. The acceleration torque is the torque developed by the motor minus the
load torque, and will change as the motor accelerates due to the motor speed torque
curve and the load speed torque curve. The start time is dependant on the acceleration
torque and the load inertia.

DOL starting results in maximum start current and maximum start torque. This
may cause an electrical problem with the supply, or it may cause a mechanical problem
with the driven load. See Figure 2.

Figure 2

3.0 DIRECT ON LINE (D.O.L) STARTER.

3.1 EQUIPMENT LIST

i. Contactor 1 unit
ii. Overload Relay (TOR) 1 unit
iii. On-Off Push-Button 1 unit
iv. Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) 1 unit
v. Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) 1 unit
vi. Pilot Lamp 1 unit
vii. 3 Phase A.C Motor ( ¾ to 3 h.p) 1 unit
viii. Connected Cable
 3.2 PROCEDURE

CONTROL CIRCUIT

Figure 3
EXER

EXERCISE 1
(1) Connect the Control Circuit as shown in Figure 3.
(2) Take the incoming supply from 1 of 3 lines (R or Y or B) for single phase supply.
(3) Connect this circuit line back to Neutral.
(4) On the power supply to run the controlling circuit.
(5) See the operation of this control circuit.
 MAIN CIRCUIT

Figure 4

EXER EXERCISE 2
(1) Connect the Main Circuit as shown in Figure 4.
(2) The incoming voltage supply for this circuit is 3 Phase line (415V) ( R ,Y, B )
(3) Join the circuit to AC Motor after the Overload Relay (TOR) terminal.Use STAR
(Y) connection at the terminal motor.
(4) Test this circuit with 3 Phase supply to make full operation of the main circuit as
well as the controlling circuit to AC Motor.
(5) See the operation of this D.O.L Starter.
(6) Measure the speed of the motor by using the Digital Tachometer and also get the
Line-to-Line using either Analogue/Digital Multimeter.
3.3 TABLE FOR LAB 1 (DIRECT ON LINE STARTER)

MOTOR ON
SPEED (RPM)

LINE VOLTAGE
(INCOMING POWER
SUPPLY)

VRY

VYB

VBR

LINE VOLTAGE
(INCOMING MOTOR)

VRY

VYB

VBR

PHASE VOLTAGE

VRY

VYB

VBR

CURRENT

IR

IB

IY
4.0 Draw The Elektrical Wiring Diagram (Refer Figure 3)

L N E R Y B
4.1 Draw The Electrical Wiring Diagram (Refer Figure 4)

L N E R Y B
5. DISCUSSION

(1) Explain the Operation of Direct On Line (D.O.L) Starter base on exercise 1 and
exercise 2.

(2) Explain the result of the experiments.

(3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of this D.O.L Starter?