I__

• • Bullet Trap Feasibility Assessment

and Implementation Plan
U.S. Army
Environmental
Center

Technology Identification
Final Report

Report No. SFIM-AEC-ET-96005

Contract No. DW398AW9S
Task Order No. 04-24

Anwoved 1(37 PU01=~ rejiooa0

March 1996

Prepared for:
U. S. Army Environmental Center
SFIM-AEC-ETD
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5401

Prepared by:
TRW
Systems Integration CGroup
19960624 041
One Federal Systems Park Drive
Fairfax, Virginia 22033
DloC QU t"X!fY INSPECTED 1

AEC Form 45, 1 Feb 93 replaces THAMA Form 45 which is obsolete.

DISCLAIMER NOTICE

THIS DOCUMENT IS BEST

QUALITY AVAILABLE. THE
COPY FURNISHED TO DTIC
CONTAINED A SIGNIFICANT
NUMBER OF PAGES WHICH DO
NOT REPRODUCE LEGIBLY.
 BULLET TRAP FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT
AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

3 TECHNOLOGY IDENTIFICATION

FINAL REPORT

i March 1996

IContract No. MDA970-89-C-0019

K Task Order No. 04-24/00

I U. S.
Prepared for:
ARMY ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER

3 SFIM-AEC-ETD
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5401

I, Prepared by:
TRW
Systems Integration Group
. One Federal Systems Park Drive
Fairfax, Virginia 22033

5 Work Order No. DW3983AW9S

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 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved
R DOMB No. 0704-0188
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing insructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and
reviewing the collection of informaion. Send comments regarding this burden esiimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, Including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave Blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

I March 1996 Final - May 1995 - March 1996

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

Bullet Trap Feasibility Assessment and Implementation Plan -

Technology Identification Report
6. AUTHORS(S)

D. D. Evans, R. S. Young

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

TRW Systems Integration Group REPORT NUMBER

One Federal Systems Park Drive

Fairfax, Virginia 22033

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

U.S. Army Environmental Center AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

SFIM-AEC-ETD SFIM-AEC-ET-96005
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5401

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Project Officer: Gene L. Fabian 410-612-6847

12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

Unlimited
Local Reproduction Encouraged

13. ABSTRACT
The U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC) is evaluating the feasibility of using bullet traps on standard
Army small arms ranges. Currently on outdoor ranges, shooters fire small arms into earthen berms or far down
range into the soil. This deposits lead and other heavy metals in the soil and may lead to regulatory restrictions
on ranges that might include closing the ranges. Bullet traps generally operate through either deceleration,
impact or friction to slow and stop the bullet. This Technology Identification Report (TIR) reviews and
provides illustrative figures for eleven friction, five impact, and three deceleration type traps. In addition to an
extensive literature review, numerous site visits were made to discuss bullet traps with range management
professionals, commercial manufacturers and subject matter experts. This TIR identifies all known small arms
traps that may be applicable to Army small arms ranges based on available manufacturers' performance data.
Bullet traps may be a feasible solution to heavy metals build-up in soils currently experienced on Army ranges,
if applied within the limits of the design parameters of each trap and the required Army training environment.

14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES

Bullet Trap, Lead, Small Arms, Firing Range, Range, Shooting, Environment, 94
Backstop 16. PRICE CODE

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT
Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified None

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I DISCLAIMER

I This Technology Identification Report represents our best effort to identify all commercially
available bullet traps, and traps capable of being manufactured locally, that can reasonably be
used on outdoor small arms ranges. Additionally, these traps must be able to handle US military
ammunition up to .50 caliber.

3Inclusion of a bullet trap in this report does not constitute an endorsement or approval of use of
that trap. Because live fire testing is not a part of this evaluation, performance data is that

I supplied by the manufacturers. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report
should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision,
unless so designated by other documentation. This report may not be cited for purposes of
advertisement.

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i Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES-1

I 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1

1.1 Background 1-1

1 1.2 Objectives 1-3

1 2.0 LITERATURE SEARCH 2-1

2.1 Methodology 2-1

52.2 Preliminary Screening Criteria 2-3

2.3 Identification of Technologies 2-4

3.0 BULLET TRAP DESCRIPTIONS 3-1

3.1 Bullet Trap Technology Descriptions 3-2

GranTrap 3-2
Total Entrapment Composite (TEC) 3-3
•Thunder Ranch portable trap 3-4
SLamella 3-5
Passive Bullet Trap - OP96 3-6
Total Containment Trap (TCT) 3-8
Granular Trap 3-9
- Railroad Ties or Log Piles 3-10
Sand Trap 3-11
Water Trap 3-12
SRubber Blocks 3-13
Wax/Plastic Blocks 3-14
Escalator Trap 3-15
Steel Louvers with Sand Bed 3-16
Tires 3-17
Shock Attenuating Concrete (SACON) 3-18
REGUPOL 3-19
SSRI R493 3-20
Elastomeric Granular Screen 3-21

I 4.0 CONCLUSIONS 4-1

I 5.0 REFERENCES 5-1

I 6.0 MANUFACTURER'S LITERATURE 6-1

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TECHNOLOGY IDENTIFICATION REPORT
BULLET TRAP FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

I Numerous Department of Defense small arms ranges have the potential to build up lead and other
metals in soils. In some cases, those inorganic constituents may become mobile and migrate to
surface or groundwater. The U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC) is seeking ways to
reduce the potential of off-site migration of lead and other heavy metals thus reducing the
potential impact on the environment at these ranges.

Bullet traps may provide a means to recycle the projectile material and prevent the contamination

I of the range and the environment. The bullet traps would also mitigate the excessive soil erosion
experienced on outdoor ranges caused by the impact of the projectiles. In addition, bullet traps
reduce or eliminate safety problems caused by ricochets off natural or other materials on current

I ranges. Bullet traps, which are designed to capture bullets fired into limited cross-sectional
areas, are currently being developed and marketed by independent commercial vendors and may
represent a feasible solution for some types of firing ranges. This Technology Identification
i Report (TIR) reviews the bullet trap technologies that are currently available.

A computerized literature search was conducted to identify potentially applicable bullet trap
technologies for use on outdoor ranges. Also, military installations were visited and nationally
recognized experts were contacted to identify sources and types of bullet traps. Table ES- 1
presents a summarized description of the identified bullet trap technologies.

Although most existing bullet trap designs are created for indoor applications, environmental
concerns and demands of the marketplace have encouraged several major manufacturers to
modify their traps for outdoor use. Bullet traps can be grouped into three broad categories,
"deceleration,impact, and friction, though there is some blurring of the dividing line.

3 Deceleration traps use a circular or helical chamber to allow the bullet to spin inside until it has
shed sufficient velocity to drop through a recovery port in the bottom.

Impact traps include those such as the traditional steel or armor plate, concrete backstops, or
other materials whose function is to cause the bullet to fragment or to be directed into a
catchment area. Their advantages are that they are generally inexpensive to construct, low
technology, reasonably durable, and require little maintenance. The disadvantages are that they
cause bullet fragmentation, with the consequent lead recovery and disposal problems, are
essentially immobile, and can contribute to ricochets.

Friction traps include a variety of traps from the earthen berm, to some very esoteric designs.
These traps cause friction on the surface of the bullet, slowing its flight and bringing it to a stop
within a defined distance. Their methods and materials vary widely, as is shown in the following
descriptions. The advantages of friction traps are that they generally capture the bullet intact,
though with varying degrees of deformation and can be more easily tailored to the mission.
Disadvantages are that they generally require more maintenance, and are more expensive to
construct, though some types are promoted as being the lowest cost of all categories.

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A number of indoor designs, such as the Passive Bullet Trap at the new National Rifle

I Association indoor range in their headquarters in Virginia, are quite innovative, but also quite
expensive. Most companies who list themselves in trade publications or compendia such as the
Thomas Register, are really assemblers of other companies' materials or are target not bullet trap

I manufacturers. Those who are true bullet trap manufacturers are few and do not advertise
widely. Consequently, they are hard to discover. To date the market had been rather limited and
not able to support large numbers of manufacturers. In the past, the dominant designs were of the

I deflection type and therefore easy to manufacture locally. Due to an abundance of land, most
shooters could travel a short distance from home to fire on an outdoor facility backed by a
earthen berm; therefore, demand was limited. A worldwide search was conducted to include
Canada, Scandinavia, western and eastern Europe, Japan, Korea, Australia and New Zealand. Of
the foreign countries investigated, only Germany, Italy and Switzerland had manufacturers.
Some of the traps that have been investigated appear to be viable candidates for some
applications on Army outdoor small arms ranges. However, manufacturer's performance claims
should be verified by demonstration under operational conditions to provide objective data on the
traps ability to contain or prevent the spread of heavy metals on the range as well as the
durability, maintenance requirements, effects on training, life-cycle cost, and utility of these
traps.

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Table ES-1. BULLET TRAP DESIGNS

Trap Manufacturer Type Design Ballistics

GranTrap Caswell Friction Recycled tire .50 cal. and
granules smaller
TEC Range Masters Friction Shredded tire 7.62 NATO
bonded in blocks and smaller
Thunder Ranch Action Target Impact Armor back with Handgun
Linatex front
Lamella Caswell Friction Conveyor belt .50 cal. and
strips smaller
Passive Bullet Savage Range Deceleration Helical chamber .50 cal. and
Trap - OP96 Systems smaller
TCT Action Target Deceleration Helical chamber 7.62 NATO
and smaller
SGranular Trap Capito & Friction Rubber granules .50 cal. and
Assenmacher smaller
SLogs or Railroad None Friction Piles of ties or .50 cal. and
Ties logs smaller
Sand Trap Various Impact Angled plate w/ 7.62 NATO
sand box and smaller
Water Trap Various Impact Angled plate w/ 7.62 NATO
water trough and smaller
I Rubber Blocks Various Friction Solid rubber
blocks
7.62 NATO
and smaller
Wax/Plastic Various Friction Wax or 7.62 NATO
Blocks polyurethane and smaller
blocks
Escalator Various Impact Multiple angled 7.62 NATO
plates and smaller
Steel Louver Various Impact Steel louvers and 7.62 NATO
3 sand box and smaller
Tires None Friction Stacked tires 7.62 NATO
and smaller
SACON Waterways Friction Shock 7.62 NATO
Experiment Station attenuating and smaller
n_ _ concrete
REGUPOL Berleburger Friction Polymer elastic Handgun
Schaumstoffwerk
R493 Shooting Ranges Deceleration Helical chamber 7.62 NATO
International and smaller

3 Elastomeric
Granular Screen
Societa FRA.SA Friction Stable granular
mound
7.62 NATO
and smaller

5 ES-3
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II

SECTION 1
3TINTRODUCTION
1- 1.1 Background

I_ Numerous Department of Defense (DOD) small arms ranges have the potential to build up lead
and other metals in soils In some cases, those inorganics may become mobile and migrate to

I surface or ground water. The Army currently operates approximately 1400 outdoor small arms
ranges in the Continental United States (CONUS). The Navy operates approximately 270
outdoor small arms ranges (including Marine Corps ranges) and the Air Force operates
approximately 200 outdoor small arms ranges. The U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC)
is seeking ways to reduce the potential for off-site migration of lead and other heavy metals thus
reducing the potential impacts on the environment at these ranges.

An effective technology for destroying lead and other heavy metals deposited in soil does not
exist. Techniques that limit the volume of heavy metals deposited in the soil will provide
significant cost avoidance if these sites require some type of response action. The
implementation of bullet traps will limit or prevent the build-up of heavy metals in soils.

3 This report identifies and describes commercially available outdoor bullet traps that capture and
"containsmall arms projectiles.. These devices may provide a means to recycle the projectile
material and prevent the build-up of heavy metals in the soil on the range. Bullet traps may also
I mitigate the excessive soil erosion experienced on outdoor ranges caused by the impact of the
rounds. Erosion control and soil stabilization on the ranges may help prevent the migration of
existing heavy metals off range and may help alleviate the recurring costs of land rehabilitation
on the ranges. In addition, bullet traps may reduce or eliminate safety problems caused by
ricochets on existing ranges. Bullet traps may represent a feasible solution for some types of
I firing ranges.

1.2 Objectives

The overall objectives of this project are to assess the feasibility of using bullet traps on Army
outdoor small arms ranges and to develop an implementation guidance document for the use of
bullet traps on various types of outdoor training ranges.

To meet this objective the following principal technical tasks were performed:
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£ Identify and describe existing, commercially available bullet trap designs.

1 Study the various types of training missions and their associated range designs and develop
functional and mission specific operational evaluation criteria for various range designs.

0 Assess the feasibility of using each of the bullet trap designs previously identified. The bullet
trap designs will be evaluated using the functional and mission specific operational criteria.
Once the bullet trap designs have been evaluated, those that are considered to be the most
applicable for use on outdoor ranges will be identified. Only the bullet traps that can be used
on a range without compromising the conditions necessary for effective training will be
recommended for use. Possible modifications to existing bullet trap designs will be
identified which will permit the bullet traps to be used on outdoor ranges without impacting
training objectives. The specific range types for which there are no feasible commercial
bullet traps available will be identified. Possible methods of capturing the rounds for
j recycling in these cases will be identified and discussed for possible future study.

* Develop an implementation guidance document that integrates feasible bullet trap technology
with training doctrine.
This report identifies and describes existing, commercially available bullet trap designs for
outdoor small arms range use. This report will serve as a compendium of currently available
bullet trap technologies for evaluation for use on Army outdoor small arms ranges. Section 2 of
this report describes the investigation process used by TRW, Inc. to identify available bullet trap
technologies. Section 3 describes and discusses the identified bullet trap technologies.
Conclusions and recommendations are presented in Section 4.

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SECTION 2
LITERATURE SEARCH

Section 2 contains a listing of databases and keywords used to conduct the literature search for

3 available bullet trap technologies. Preliminary screening criteria and the identified technologies
are included. The results of site visits to Army installations are included. These visits yielded
insights into factors to be considered in bullet trap use on Army ranges.

i 2.1 Methodology

In order to identify the available technologies for capturing bullets, a search of the research and
technical literature was conducted through the following electronic databases:

TRW's Electronic Collateral Support System (ELCSS)

-- DataTimes
Knight-Ridder
Defense Technical Information Center
Computer Select
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Thomas Register
I Dun's Identifier
Trade and Industry Index
-= Dialog

3 These sources also included foreign publications. Some of the services, such as DataTimes,
Dialog, and ELCSS were a compendium of numerous publication databases. ELCSS, for
example, searches more than 300 databases and Dialog more than 450. Numerous searches of

3_ the Internet were made and the National Rifle Association Range Technical Operations Team
was contacted for information. Several Jane's volumes were referenced also. Boolean logic was
used in the searches so that hits would be obtained even if only a part of a key word or term was
found. For example, if bullet and trap were used, hits would be generated if bullet, bullets, trap,
-- traps, or bullet trap were found. It was felt this provided greater coverage even though manual
"reviewof each citation was needed. Key words used in the electronic searches were:

a bullet trap
small arms range
firing range
i shooting range
training range
rifle range
berm
outdoor range
"small arms" plus environment cleanup
stopping bullets
lead trap
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The results of each set of searches were compared with previous ones to eliminate duplicates.
Little was found on the subject of bullet traps or bullet trap design even though numerous "hits"
were obtained in the searches. For example, a search on "bullet trap" yielded 85 hits, but with
the exception of several articles on the purchase of Passive Bullet Trap by Challenger
I International, the articles dealt with an Israeli-developed rifle grenade called the bullet trap rifle
grenade. This is illustrative of the problems encountered with the literature search. The hits had

'I to be manually reviewed and most contained little useful information. Almost all information
was obtained via personal connections or referrals. There is very little in the published literature
on bullet traps, either indoor or outdoor, and virtually nothing on bullet traps for military
applications.

A number of Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) and Forces Command (FORSCOM)

I installations were visited to understand the types of ranges used, the training requirements, range
operation, and maintenance approaches. These visits were performed to develop evaluation
criteria for the second principal task outlined in Section 1.2. However, two of the installations,
Fort Drum and Fort Knox, were experimenting with bullet traps and were able to provide
valuable leads for identifying bullet trap technologies. Fort Drum has installed a Caswell lamella
trap on a 25 meter range (Fig. 3.2.4) primarily to prevent rounds from leaving the range and to
prevent erosion. Fort Knox installed a series of log walls on a field fire range that had no berm
to prevent rounds from escaping the range (Fig. 3.2.8). Thunder Ranch, a commercial firearms
training school, was also visited to look at their innovative bullet trap design and to discuss the
problems of using bullet traps without impacting training effectiveness or realism. Thunder
Ranch needed a target/trap combination that was portable, but needed only to stop handgun
calibers (Fig. 3.2.3).

Every source found to offer information on bullet traps was further pursued. The rather limited

I results of the literature search were digested and any leads followed. All personal or professional
referrals were followed up with phone calls to potential manufacturers and designers. Contacts
were made with the Marine Corps, FBI, and local law enforcement for names of known
manufacturers. Several nationally recognized experts, such as Russell Friedline of the National
I Rifle Association Range Technical Team were consulted. Additionally, Loren Kramer, Larry
Tilton, and Craig Copious donated their time to answer questions, offer suggestions, and point to

U yet more sources. The military attaches at U.S. embassies in the United Kingdom, Italy, France,
Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Canada, and Israel were contacted for assistance in identifying
foreign manufacturers of bullet traps. These efforts were combined with the results of literature
searches and personal and phone interviews to produce the list of traps contained in this
document.

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5 2.2 Preliminary Screening Criteria

General Army requirements were discussed in general terms with the bullet trap manufacturers to
aid in identifying prospective bullet traps for use on outdoor military ranges. The requirements
were used for bullet trap identification and data collection only. Bullet traps were not eliminated
from further consideration in this report based on the preliminary screening. Evaluation criteria
for the bullet traps will be fully developed and discussed in a separate report.

Preliminary screening criteria were driven by the Army's requirements and other factors, such as
installation and life cycle cost, maintenance requirements, effectiveness in both trapping bullets
and preventing lead migration into the environment, and impact on training effectiveness and
realism. The bullet traps must be useable outdoors under inclement weather conditions. A
number of innovative bullet traps are currently available for indoor range use. The manufacturers
of these traps have developed modified versions of their indoor traps for outdoor use. However,,
performance data from outdoor use of these traps is limited in most cases. In these cases,
available data from the bullet traps indoor use will be used to help evaluate the traps.

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2.3 Identification of Technologies

I Based upon the literature and technology searches described in Section 2.1, the bullet traps
identified were:
S
* GranTrap
I * Total Entrapment Composite (TEC)
S* Thunder Ranch
I- * Lamella
S* Passive Bullet Trap - OP96
I * Total Containment Trap (TCT)
_* Granular Trap
I * Railroad Ties or Log Piles
S* Sand Trap
I * Water Trap
S* Rubber Blocks
* Wax/ Plastic Blocks
S* Escalator Trap
I* Steel Louvers with Sand Bed
S* Tires
I* Shock Attenuating Concrete
S* REGUPOL
I* SRI R493
S* Elastomeric Granular Trap

USAEC wanted no traps eliminated from consideration based on this report. All of the traps will
be evaluated after evaluation criteria have been developed. A description of each of the traps is
included in Section 3.

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I- SECTION 3
BULLET TRAP DESCRIPTIONS

U Bullet traps are intended to perform one major function, stop bullets from traveling any further

3 downrange. They do this by a variety of methods and designs, most of which will be described
in categorical terms in the balance of this section. In the past, the only consideration was to find
the lowest cost solution that would stop the bullet. For this reason, most were earthen berms.
With the advent of specialized training, indoor ranges, and environmental awareness, the quest
ii for other methods gathered momentum. Factors in choosing bullet traps include its utility for
restricted space, safety, environmental impact, and disposal requirements. This document does
not provide an analysis of the various bullet trap designs, but it does provide a technical
ii description and manufacturer's data to permit the reader to make a choice based upon their
unique requirements. Costs are not included at the request of the manufacturers. A number of

I bullet traps and bullet trap manufacturers were identified. Many of the bullet trap designs were
very similar. For example, one rubber composite block bullet trap offered by a British firm

5 appears to be basically the same as that of a US manufacturer, Range Masters, with the exception
of the presence of recovery channels in the Range Masters trap

Bullet traps can be grouped into three broad categories, deceleration, impact, and friction, though
there is some blurring of the dividing line. Deceleration traps use a circular or helical chamber to
allow the bullet to spin inside until it has shed sufficient velocity to drop through a recovery port
in the bottom.

Impact traps include those such as the traditional steel or armor plate, concrete backstops, or
other materials whose function is to cause the bullet to fragment or to be directed into a
catchment area. Their advantages are that they are generally inexpensive to construct, low
technology, reasonably durable, and require little maintenance. The disadvantages are they cause
bullet fragmentation, with the consequent lead recovery and disposal problems, are essentially
immobile, and can contribute to ricochets.

3 Friction traps include a variety of traps from the lowest, yet probably the most effective,
technology, the earthen berm, to some very esoteric designs. These traps cause friction on the
surface of the bullet, slowing its flight and bringing it to a stop within a defined distance. Their
methods and materials vary widely, as is shown in the following descriptions. The advantages of
friction traps are that they generally capture the bullet intact, though with varying degrees of
deformation and can be more easily tailored to the mission. Disadvantages are that they
generally require more maintenance, and are more expensive to construct, though some types are
promoted as being the lowest cost of all categories.

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* 3.1 Bullet Trap Technology Descriptions

5 Bullet Trap: GranTrap

Manufacturer: Caswell International Corp.

I 1221 Marshall St. NE
Minneapolis, MN 55413

* Method: Friction

3 Ballistics: .50 cal. and smaller

U Construction: The GranTrap is a large vertical box comprised of a steel frame with a
steel backplate and steel or plywood sides. The front is a sheet of material
that is identical to the large conveyor belts used in mines. The interior of

5 the trap is filled with a clean, granulated, recycled tire material. There is a
containment tray at the bottom front of the trap to collect bullets.

Capacity: Manufacturer claims 50,000+ rounds

Installation: 2 days, exclusive of site preparation. A level concrete pad is typically

S required for installation of the trap.

Maintenance: Monthly is recommended. Caswell uses a two stage vacuum/blower to

I separate the GranTex from the bullets in the collection trough at the front
of the trap, recycling the GranTex material back in the top of the trap.
Bullets are generally intact. Frequent patching of the rubber facing
material with sheets of rubber is required. The sheet rubber patch is
installed with small screws.

Description: The bullet penetrates the front sheet and is halted, generally within the first
12 inches, by the granulated material. As succeeding bullets impact the

I_ trap, the preceding bullets are shaken down the column of granulated
rubber and gather at the bottom in a trough where they can be collected
and recycled. There is leakage of GranTex from several locations on the
trap, but it is most noticeable at the point where bullet impact has chewed
through the front strap. Even though a patch is placed over the hole,
leakage still occurs. This is a licensed technology from Germany.

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Bullet Trap: Total Entrapment Composite (TEC)

Manufacturer: Range Masters, Inc.

199 Coon Rapids Blvd.
Suite 304
Coon Rapids, MN 55433

Method: Friction

I Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

"Construction: The TEC system consists of a set of large blocks molded from shredded,
-- recycled tires in a matrix of Kevlar® reinforced bonding mixture. The

3 blocks weigh approximately 60 pounds each and measure about 30 x 12 x

9 inches. The trap consists of a block matrix held in place by use of
jacking straps tightened to prevent any movement under impact. The
blocks are elevated on a platform which has an inclined plane underneath
to cause trapped bullets to roll into a collection tray. The platform is
protected from stray rounds by ground baffles made of the same blocks as

U. the bullet trap. The appearance of the block is similar to an oversized

cinder block. Because of its modular construction, this trap is flexible in
design, and can be arranged in various height, width, and depth
* combinations to provide a larger backstop if desired.

3_ Capacity: The manufacturer claims 10,000 to 20,000 round before the block needs to
be rotated, depending upon the type of ammunition used.

Installation: 4 hours, exclusive of site preparation. A level concrete pad is typically

3 required for installation of the trap.

Maintenance: Inspect weekly and recover bullet from recovery tray. Rotate block
positions within the trap as wear becomes evident, probably monthly, to
maximize life of the trap.

I Description: The interior of each block has recovery channels molded into it, allowing
spent bullets to drop to the recovery area. The positioning of the recovery

I channels can be customized for the type of ammunition used. Plastic

channel strips are inserted between blocks to more effectively channel
spent rounds into the collection tray. The fired round penetrates the front
of the block, shedding velocity until it hits one of the recovery channels,
where it falls into the collection tray. Particulates of the rubber compound

3 also fall out the recovery channels, but not in great quantities. Recovery
and recycle of the bullets is a matter of emptying the recovery tray. Bullets
are generally intact.

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I Recovery
Channels
U

Steel
3 _ Backer Plate

I _ _ 11
_I_ _

____ ____ ____

____Recovery

System

Ground1
3Baffles 088-01100.12-95

3 Figure 3.2.2 Range Masters, Inc. Total Entrapment Composite

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3 Bullet Trap: Thunder Ranch portable trap

Manufacturer: Action Target (assembled on-site)

I P.O. Box 636
Provo, UT 84603

i Method: Impact

3 Ballistics: Handgun ammunition

3 Construction: The Thunder Ranch trap is an evolution of a design that, in one form or
another, has been at a variety of training sites. The trap consists of 2 x 4
lumber legs, approximately 6 ft. in height. The back is a 14 inch armor

3 plate, 30 in. wide by 48 in. high, held in place by lag screws. On the front
of the trap is a sheet of Linatex, a self sealing material similar to that in
military fuel tanks. On top of the Linatex is a plywood sheet on which the
target is mounted. A piece of cardboard could also be used, as the
I plywood is primarily for cosmetics and insurance against fragments
penetrating the Linatex near the end of its useful life. Around the interior
* perimeter is angle iron to deflect bullet fragments.

Capacity: Approximately 3,000 rounds before recommended emptying of bullet

fragments. Life of the Linatex barrier will depend on the type of
ammunition used, but is expected to be at least 10,000 rounds.

Installation: Minutes, exclusive of trap construction. The trap can be moved by two
people.

Maintenance: Thunder Ranch inspects all traps weekly, cleaning as needed, generally
monthly.

Description: The bullet pierces the target and trap facing and hits the Linatex. The
Linatex stretches but is not penetrated until the bullet contacts the armor

3to
plate and fragments. The Linatex snaps back and seals, forming a barrier
the bullet fragments. The fragments fall to the bottom of the trap for
collection. It is believed that by replacing the 2 x 4 legs with 2 x 6's, the
life of the Linatex barrier could be extended by up to 50 percent.
Ammunition other than standard ball ammunition, such as hollowpoint,
wadcutter, or frangible rounds, tends to cause accelerated wear of the
Linatex.

I
I
I 3-4
If C')

CL

Ic
ULC\

I .0C0

COa

XL cz0) CUf
I~ aM

cao
-9J

-j)
I
Bullet Trap: Lamella

Manufacturer: Caswell International Corp.

1221 Marshall St. NE
Minneapolis, MN 55413

IMethod: Friction

Ballistics: .50 cal. and smaller

3 Construction: The lamella trap consists of a series of strips of recycled industrial

conveyor belts, about 10 feet long, hung in a herringbone pattern with the
side to the shooter. The length of the conveyor belts can be varied to suit
the intended use of the trap. In addition, a smaller version of the trap,
3approximately 3 feet square is placed immediately behind the target and in
front of the main trap to slow the rounds and reduce wear on the main trap.

UCapacity: Manufacturer claims at least 50,000 round before replacement of the

lamella strips.

Depends uponSInstallation:
the size desired. A 110 foot wide trap took 15 man days to
install at one range. A level concrete pad is typically recommended by the
3• manufacturer for installation of the trap.

Maintenance: The lamella strips are replaced individually as necessary, and the 3-foot
mini-traps are placed to concentrate wear onto an easy to repair module.
The trap should be inspected monthly during moderate use and bi-weekly
under heavy use.

Description: The bullet penetrates successive layers of the strips until it sheds its
velocity and falls to the bottom of the trap. The bullets sometimes imbed
themselves in the strips or, more often, fragment. As the individual
lamella strips wear, they can be quickly rotated to other locations within
the trap that receive less fire and the strips from those locations moved to
the high volume areas. The trap was effective in tests against all types of
small arms up to .50 caliber. This is a licensed technology from Germany.

I
I
I
I
I 3-5
*n 0

EE
(a

Ir-

(D .

cu'
Ea

* -j
I
Bullet Trap: Passive Bullet Trap - OP96

Manufacturer: Savage Range Systems, Inc.

100 Springdale Rd.
Westfield, MA 01085

I Method: Deceleration

Ballistics: .50 cal. and smaller

Construction: The OP96 is a three piece, helical deceleration chamber with steel plates
* top and bottom in front set at an angle of 12 degrees from horizontal to
deflect the bullet into the trap. An injector introduces a fine spray of water
and water-soluble oil at the point of entry into the deceleration chamber to
coat the bullet. The bullet spins around the chamber until it runs out of
velocity and it slides backward to drop through a slot in the bottom of the
trap into a collection tray. The unused spray is recycled back into a
Ireservoir which feeds the injector. The initial contact portion of the trap
itself is bolted on to allow for easy removal and replacement as it wears or
* as different ammunition types are captured.

Capacity: Depends upon the type of ammunition being fired and the capacity of the
collection tray. Up to 25,000 rounds between emptyings of the collection
tray can be handled before there is the beginning of a danger of backing up
into the trap.
I Installation: Installed in modular units by the manufacturer. A level concrete pad is

typically required for installation of the trap.

Maintenance: Collection tray and spray reservoir should be checked weekly and
maintained as needed. The initial contact portion of the trap is anticipated
to last for at least 250,000 rounds.

Description: The OP96 is based on a centrifugal deceleration principle. The fired round
is directed into the mouth of the trap by two angled collection plates
positioned at an angle of 12 degrees from the horizontal. The round then
spins around in a circular path inside the trap until it loses velocity. It then
drops down into a collection container. The trap comes in both indoor and
outdoor designs. In the indoor version, the contact surface of the
collection plate is washed with a fluid consisting of water, mineral oil, and
ethylene glycol. This serves the purpose of a lubricant and suppresses lead
dust thereby reducing the respiratory hazard to shooters and range
maintenance personnel. The wash fluid is filtered and recycled back over
the collection plate. In the outdoor version, the collection plates are not
washed with a fluid. Instead, a fine spray of water and soluble oil is

* 3-6
I
directed at the entrance of the OP96. As the bullet enters the trap, it
receives a coating of lubricant which prevents lead dust from forming and

U reduces wear on the trap. Other than that differentiation, the designs are
essentially identical. Both traps can be manufactured to the users desired
width.

U I-
 0 0

CL-L

c~(n
cui

I a)

00
I
Bullet Trap: Total Containment Trap (TCT)

Manufacturer: Action Target, Inc.

P.O. Box 636
Provo, UT 84603

I Method: Deceleration

Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

Construction: The TCT is a helical chamber with steel plates top and bottom in front set
at an angle of 12 degrees from horizontal to deflect the bullet into the trap.
The initial contact portion of the trap itself is bolted on to allow for easy
removal and replacement as it wears or as different ammunition types are
i captured.

Capacity: Depends upon the type of ammunition being fired and the capacity of the
i collection container.

Installation: Installed by the manufacturer or customer.

Maintenance: Collection containers should be checked weekly and emptied or replaced

as needed. The initial contact portion of the trap is anticipated to last for
at least 250,000 rounds.

i Description: The TCT is based on a centrifugal deceleration and impact principle. The
fired round is directed into the mouth of the trap by two angled collection
plates positioned at an angle of 12 degrees from the horizontal. The bullet
enters the trap, sliding along the angled plate which directs it into an armor
plate where it impacts and drops into a sealed collection container. The
i trap comes in both indoor and outdoor designs.

I
I
U
I
I
* 3-8
 FrnIoo o
RerboIe

HDirection of T1 deflector plate

Fire B 1de ftector plate

I p c lt

ChmeIetac
VaumPp

Canntster I eCabrsd

I ~ ~~~0880
9.29

ChmeIe

I Figure 3.2.6 Action Target - Total Containment Trap - 2

I
5Bullet Trap: Granular Trap

Manufacturer: Capito and Assenmacher

44319 Dortmund Wichkede
44311 Dortmund
3 Germany

Method: Friction

SBallistics: .50 cal. and smaller

SConstruction: The trap is a large vertical box comprised of a rubber curtain made of a
conveyor belt material in front, an air space, and 2 inch thick polyurethane
sheets, one meter square, as the front panel. The sides are plywood and
Ithe back is armor plate. The interior is filled with a soft rubber granulated
material which is coated with something resembling baby powder. The
trap is one sheet (1 m) wide, four sheets (4 m) tall, and one meter in depth.
There is an access door at the rear of the trap to allow removal of the
granular material and bullets by means of a truck-mounted vacuum and
sifting system. Following separation of the bullets, up to 80 percent of the
granular material is recovered and recycled back into the trap.

I Capacity: Manufacturer claims 25,000+ rounds

Installation: 4 hours, exclusive of site preparation, which requires a level concrete pad

I Maintenance: Monthly is recommended. Bullets are generally recovered intact.

Polyurethane sheets are replaced infrequently and require removal of the
granular material. The rubber facing is repaired by rubber patches are
screwed to the front of the worn-out facing.

Description: The bullet penetrates the front curtain and polyurethane sheet and is
halted, generally within the first 12 inches, by the granulated material.
Pistol rounds penetrate somewhat less, rifle rounds, somewhat more. For
9mm pistol rounds fired from 25 meters or farther, the bullet will penetrate
the front curtain, but will not penetrate the polyurethane sheet. Instead, it
bounces off, rebounds to the front curtain, and falls to the bottom. In tests
conducted so far, tracer rounds have had no noticeable effect.

I
I
I
1 3-9
 I Plywood

Armor
I Plate

I Conveyor
Belt

3 Trap Door

I0, Polyurethane
Sheets
I Air Space

I Figure 3.2.7 Caplto & Aesenmacher - Granular Trap

* Bullet Trap: Railroad Ties or Log Piles

Manufacturer: None

Method: Friction

- Ballistics: .50 cal and smaller

Construction: This is a simple outdoor trap in which railroad ties or logs are stacked
-- perpendicular to the axis of firing. They can be stacked several deep and
as high as the desired target height. In certain cases these can be made into
3 a crib and filled with dirt.

Capacity: Depends upon the types of ties or logs being used and the types of
ammunition fired into them. Several thousand rounds should be able to be
fired before noticeable degradation occurs,

U Installation: Varies from a few hours to several days depending upon how large and
elaborate the stack is made and whether it has filler added.

I Maintenance: Repair usually requires disassembly of the backstop to remove

disintegrated ties and insert new ones. Disposal of the shot-up tie may fall
I under RCRA controls.

Description: Rounds passing through the target impact the railroad ties or logs and are
stopped. The advantages to this design are that is easy to construct with
troop labor and it reuses material that is available in large quantities. The
disadvantage is that the rounds are embedded in the ties and are difficult to
recover. Additionally, after a lengthy period of firing, the ties disintegrate
and could allow the lead to end up in the ground. This method is being
used currently to protect the front of cement target boxes, or coffins, at
Sseveral outdoor ranges and as a backstop in a few applications.

II
I
* 3-10
I
S~2x4
- Connector

IB
IR

i3 Direction

I of Fire

_E

II

3- 088-01105.12-95

3 Figure 3.2.8 Railroad Ties

i
 Bullet Trap: Sand Trap

S Manufacturer: Various

Method: Impact

i Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

I Construction: This is one of the most widely used design in bullet traps because of the
simplicity of design, and ease of construction. A large steel plate the
width of the lane behind the targets is mounted at an angle, tilted forward
- so that bullets are deflected downward into a bed of sand or dirt.

Capacity: Varies depending upon the size of the trap and the types of ammunition
I- fired.

I Installation: Generally needs a construction or engineer company to install because of

the weight of the steel plates. Construction/installation may take several
days.

I Maintenance: Maintenance requirements are low. Bullet fragments are collected and the
sand sifted on an as needed basis, probably no more frequently than
-- monthly, and perhaps less.

Description: Bullets impact the steel plate and fragment. The fragments are directed
downwards into the sand trap to be recovered later. On occasion, bullet
fragments will escape the trap. The advantages of this system are its
simplicity of design, relatively low cost to construct, and ease of operation
and maintenance. Disadvantages of the steel plate are primarily
environmental; airborne lead dust is created when the bullet strikes the

3 plate, and at the same time it smears lead on the plate. When another
bullet strikes the same place the lead residue on the plate contributes to the
airborne pollution. Fragments sometimes fall outside the containment
area. Cleaning the lead out of the sand bed requires personnel protection
measures.

I
I
I
I
3 3-11
I
I

II
Hardened
Steel -
Plate

Backing
Timbers
I Direction T

3 of Fire
I
.Support
I Frames-4'0

I Wood41AI
Frame
DZ00
00
1 Concrete Floor 0860101.12.9S

F
I
I Figure 3.2.9 Sand Trap

I
I
5 Bullet Trap: Water Trap

S Manufacturer: Local

Method: Impact

I Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

SConstruction: A large steel plate the width of the lane behind the targets is mounted at an
angle, tilted forward so that bullets are deflected downward into a water
trough.

Capacity: Varies depending upon the size of the trap and the types of ammunition
fired.

Installation: Generally needs a construction or engineer company to install because of

the weight of the steel plates. Construction/installation may take several
days.

Maintenance: Maintenance requirements are low. Bullet fragments are collected from
the water trough on an as needed basis, probably no more frequently than
monthly, and perhaps less. There is a potential for generation of soluble
lead. This may create a hazardous waste disposal problem.

Description: Bullets impact the steel plate and fragment. The fragments are directed
downwards into the water trap to be recovered later. The advantage over
the sand trap is its ease of cleaning. The disadvantages are that it requires
a larger trough and more maintenance, especially in colder climates.

I
i
I
I
I
I
5 3-12
 0

I
Hardened
Steel --

n@0
Plate

Backing
5 SSteel
Timbers
Direction
I of Fire

Support
I Frames 'O
-
I Wood *.
Fiurf32.0Fatrrra
< 0-*
I. Frame ge*\

I F
Concrete Floor 08P-01107.12-95
i

3 Bullet Trap: Rubber Blocks

3 Manufacturer: Various, U.S. and International

Method: Friction

IBallistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

Construction: These traps consist of blocks of various rubber compounds or recycled

materials stacked to form a barrier. These are used to line shooting houses
for special operations personnel to train in, as baffles on walls and ceilings
on indoor ranges, and as ballistic protection for damage-prone items such
as fuel pipes at aircraft arming areas. The blocks vary in size, but are
generally around 60 to 80 pounds and measure 30 x 12 x 12.

Capacity: Depends upon the type of ammunition fired.

3 Installation: Half day, exclusive of site preparation.

Maintenance: Depends upon the type of ammunition used, but claims of 10,000 rounds
are common.

Description: When the bullet strikes the block, the friction of the rubber on the bullet
surface causes the bullet to stop in a short distance, usually less than 2 feet.
Their advantages are they are modular, so only the worn block needs to be
replaced, compact, and reasonably easy to move with -hand labor.
Disadvantages are that there have been reports of fires from tracer rounds,
disposal of the used blocks presents a problem, and there are unresolved
£ questions about durability and cost.

I
I
i
I
1 3-13
 3/14S Black Pipe

1/"Diameter

1E---- 01
FRONT

12

1/2 x 10 Conreictor

Figure =.211 - Rubber Blocks

U

S Bullet Trap: Wax/Plastic Blocks

5 Manufacturer: Various, U.S. and International

Method: Friction

I Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

Construction: These traps consist of blocks of various wax and plastic compounds or
- recycled materials stacked to form a barrier. At the date of this report,
there are no manufacturers of these bullet traps still in business. The wax
and plastic blocks operate on the same principles as the rubber blocks and
the Range Masters TEC blocks, being stacked or banded into the size
backstop desired.

Capacity: Depends upon the type of ammunition fired.

i Installation: Half day, exclusive of site preparation.

Maintenance: Depends upon the type of ammunition used, but claims of 10,000 rounds
are common.

Description: As in the rubber blocks, friction between the bullet surface and the block
material stops the bullet, generally retaining it intact unless struck by
another bullet. The advantages are that these blocks are modular,
compact, and easier to move with hand labor and tend to capture the
bullets intact. The disadvantages are they cannot operate over the same
climatic ranges as other traps, tend to melt somewhat under prolonged and
i closely spaced firing, and provide a disposal/recycle problem.

I
!
i
I
I
I
3 3-14
 Sta
3 Can Be
Backed with
Plywood or
I Positioned in
Wooden
3 Frame

I Direction
3 of Fire

088-01112.12-95
Tu n uc l

-~----Ground Anchor

3 Figure 3.2.12 Wax! Plastic Blocks

* Bullet Trap: Escalator Trap

3 Manufacturer: Various

Method: Impact

IBallistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

I Construction: This is a widely used design in bullet traps because of the simplicity of
design. In this design a steel plate is angled away from the firing line to

5 direct the bullet upward into another steel plate. The bullet fragments are
collected in a tray at the foot of the trap.

Capacity: Varies depending upon the size of the trap and the types of ammunition
fired.

I Installation: Generally needs a construction or engineer company to install because of

the weight of the steel plates. Construction/installation may take several
days.

i Maintenance: Maintenance requirements are low. Bullet fragments are collected,

probably no more frequently than monthly, and perhaps less.

I Description: The bullet strikes the plate and is deflected upward along or near the plate
surface where it strikes another steel plate. At this plate the bullet spends
most of its energy, and rebounds or fragments. It then slides down the face
of the larger plate and into a collection tray on the floor of the range. The

5 advantage of this design is its ease of collection of spent bullets.

Disadvantages include fragmentation of the bullet, the possibility of
rebounding, and the cost of manufacturing and installation. In addition,
collection and disposal of the lead require proper personnel protective
Sequipment and adequate containers for the lead.

I
£
I
U
I
3 3-15
I
1
I Rebound
Plates

I S0S

IDirection Def lector

I of Fire Plate

1 •--Support
Frames-*'

Dolrection
TFam

I Guard
Plate
I
* 0
-0 0
088-01108.12-95

I
3-- Figure 3.2.13 Escalator Trap

!i
U
3 Bullet Trap: Steel Louvers with Sand Bed

3 Manufacturer: Various

Method: Impact

I Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

I Construction: Like the larger downward angled deflection designs, this design arranges a
series of steel louvers in a vertical rack with each louver angled toward the
firing line. The steel louvers are approximately 12" to 18" in width and
are arranged to provide some overlap between plates when rounds are fired
at angles that are approximately parallel to the floor of the range. The
I spent rounds fall into a bed of sand beneath the louvers

Capacity: Varies depending upon the size of the trap and the types of ammunition
fired.

Installation: Generally needs a construction or engineer company to install because of

the weight of the steel plates. Construction/installation may take several
days.

1 Maintenance: Maintenance requirements are low. Bullet fragments are collected and the
sand sifted on an as needed basis, probably no more frequently than
monthly, and perhaps less.

Description: The primary advantage of this design is a saving of horizontal space

behind the targets, and is usually only used on ranges where space is at a
premium in an existing facility. The disadvantages of the regular steel

I- plate and sand bed carry over to this design with the additional potential
hazard posed by bullets striking the leading edge of the louvers. The
chance of a bullet ricocheting directly back to the firing line is remote, but

I this does increase the amount of bullet fragments and airborne lead dust.
Lead smearing on the deflector surfaces increases the potential for airborne

g pollution when struck by a succeeding round. Cleaning lead out of the

sand bed requires personnel protection measures.

3
I
I
* 3-16
 I Support
Posts

3 Direction

3
of Fire
_______Def lector
Plates

* VWood
Framme~_
3 088-01111.12-95

3 Figure 3.2.14 Louver Trap

i

*Bullet Trap: Tires

3 Manufacturer: Local recycle

Method: Friction

I Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

I Construction: Soft containers such as old vehicle tires or large plastic barrels are filled
with sand or dirt and placed directly behind the targets.

Capacity: Varies depending upon the size of the trap and the types of ammunition
fired.

Installation: Can probably be done with troop labor under range management personnel
guidance. Time depends upon the size and complexity of the trap.

3 Maintenance: Maintenance requirements are low. Bullet fragments are collected and the
sand sifted on an as needed basis, probably no more frequently than
monthly, and perhaps less. Tires are replaced on an as needed basis. Used
tires may need to be handled under RCRA controls.

3 Description: The advantage of this design is the ease of set up, and that it can be
customized to specific shooting range requirements. A variant of the
vehicle tire trap involves nesting or layering the tires several thicknesses
deep and using no sand. Tire traps have been used for anti-terrorist
training in shooting houses for many years. When so many rounds have
been fired into the face of the container that it ruptures enough to leak sand
and lead onto the ground, the container can be rotated 90 degrees or more
to present a different face to the firing line, thereby extending the life of
the container. Use of the tires provides a form of recycling.
Disadvantages include the difficulty of recovering spent bullets, disposal
of the used tires, and the need to completely disassemble the trap to repair
it. In addition, there have been reported instances of ricochets of pistol
bullets from the tire backstops.

I
I
I
3 3-17
 -o

I
I CL

IN

I° •- >

I NN_
u

*0*

iL.

U e.,

I
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00
II

3 Bullet Trap: Shock Attenuating Concrete (SACON)

Manufacturer: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers

Waterways Experiment Station
Structures Laboratory, Attn: CEWES-SC-EM
3909 Halls Ferry Road
Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199

3 Method: Friction

Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

--- Construction: SACON is cast into large panels 8' high, 3' wide and 22" thick. These

3 panels are fitted into steel I-beam brackets and grouped into walls. The
primary application to date has been in shooting houses. With the ability
to pour and cure like regular concrete, however, SACON can be formed
into a wide variety of shapes and dimensions.

Capacity: 1,000 rounds before patching is needed.

Similar to other
SInstallation:
concrete construction: I day to pour, and 28 days to cure.

Maintenance: After 1,000"rounds, the SACON is eroded about 2/3 of the way through a
22" panel. At this time, it is recommended that the void be patched with

3 fresh SACON. This patch will also require a 28 day curing time. The
alternative is to replace the panel from a stockpile of precast panels.

Description: SACON is a generic term for a combined low density, fiber reinforced
concrete. SACON involves the substitution of a light-weight material
such as expanded polystyrene beads or preformed foamed air voids for the

3 gravel aggregate. This is done to achieve densities of 30 to 90 pounds per

cubic inch compared to conventional concrete at 150 pounds per cubic
inch. This composition allows SACON to not only absorb bullets, but also
shock waves that would be generated on light demolition ranges.

I
I
3
U
3 3-18
BI
wI
I

I
IB
Panels 8'h x 3'w x 22"d

I '000=
Steel

,
Suport
Framework

.eGMO
I
088-01110.12-95

I
I,
3 Figure 3.2.16 Shock Attenuating Concrete (SACON)

I
I
I
3 Bullet Trap: REGUPOL

Manufacturer: Berleburger Schaumstoffwerk GMBH

P.O. Box 1180
5920 Bad Berleberg, Germany
US Distributor: Tennek, Inc.
311 Albans Court
Malvern, PA 19355

SMethod: Friction

3 Ballistics: Military handgun ammunition

3 Construction: Blocks of REGUPOL used as bullet traps are 500mm x 500mm x 200mm
thick and stacked two blocks deep. Then, REGUPOL roll material is 1250
mm wide by 10 to 20 mm thick and is suspended in front of the blocks to
i guard against fragments.

Capacity: Manufacturer claims 10,000 rounds

I Installation: Two days by a team of four factory technicians

3 Maintenance: Blocks of REGUPOL are replaced when they reach load-up.

Description: REGUPOL elastic tiles are pre-formed sheets and blocks of recycled
polyurethane/rubber granules. A flexible material, REGUPOL can be used
in a variety of thicknesses and configurations to absorb bullets and clad
overhead baffles and floors of ranges to prevent ricochets. The
manufacturer claims REGUPOL is heat and weather resistant and is
suitable for outdoor range applications.

I
I
I
U
I
U
3 3-19
 IE
Im
I.c E E
I *D
00

00

a) 0

IW cE
0
CC"

a0 E
Ic
oo

> Ca)

00
SL.
 Bullet Trap: R493

Manufacturer: Shooting Ranges International, Inc.

3030 S. Valley View Road
Las Vegas, NV 89102

I Method: Deceleration

Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

Construction: This is a modular, free standing trap with four angled hardened steel plates
Sper firing position funneling in to a vertical aperture that traps the bullet.

Capacity: Manufacturer claims 500,000 rounds before plate replacement.

Installation: Four man crew needs one day to install 10 traps.

Maintenance: Periodic emptying of bullets and fragments from trap containers.

Description: This is a dry plate system using four steeply angled plates to deflect the
shots inward to an aperture. After passing through the aperture the bullet
enters a helical chamber which causes the bullet to spin and decelerate.
The bullet then falls through an opening in the bottom of the trap into the
bullet collection container.

IR32
 Vacuum
Attachment Bolt-on
* Lid

U
Direction ~~Def lectionHeia
* Deceleration
* Chamber

088-01113.12-95

I Figure 3.2.18 Shooting Ranges International - SRI R493

I
U Bullet Trap: Elastomeric Granular Screen

I Manufacturer: Societa FRA.SA.

44 Via del Giordano
Rome, Italy
11-49-06-5924175

Method: Friction

Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

- Construction: This unique design is in the shape of a trapezoid of loose rubber granules
canted back at a natural angle of repose. Underneath this large pile of
rubber granules is a conveyor belt and support structure. Behind and
below the conveyor is a sifting box and a vacuum system. The vacuum is
connected by piping that reaches up over the top of the trapezoid slope.

Capacity: Estimated to surpass 100,000 rounds before a substantial amount of

elastomeric granules need to be replenished.

Installation: Several weeks with the work being done by the vendor. Societa FRA.SA
specializes in modular indoor ranges that can be installed in two days with
a trained crew and a cargo crane.

Maintenance: Daily operation of the conveyor/ sifter unit, requiring less than one hour of
down time.

Description: When a round is fired at the sloping trap surface, the bullet penetrates the
rubber granules, loses velocity, and angles downward. The conveyor
moves the very bottom layer of granules and projectiles rearward to a
sifter. Once the heavier projectiles have been removed the lighter granules
are vacuumed up to the top and dumped onto the face of the slope. The
manufacturer claims that the bullets are not deformed, and that a large
number of them can be reloaded, resulting in substantial savings.

I
I
I
I
* 3-21
 I ii

I E

x 0.

II- CD
a)

I~ 4-

I z C
L.

00 N

0 i

I -I--

0.~K
as~

=3-C5 -~~
ii
m C: __ _

co.

m 0o

'0 1

0II
I
SECTION 4
CONCLUSIONS

There are few unique bullet trap designs currently produced for outdoor ranges. A number of
indoor designs, such as the Passive Bullet Trap at the new NRA indoor range in their
headquarters in Virginia, are quite innovative, but also quite expensive. Several major
manufacturers are modifying their most successful designs to operate in an outdoor setting. Most
companies who list themselves in trade publications or compendia, such as the Thomas Register,

I are really assemblers of other companies' materials or are target, not bullet trap, manufacturers.
Those who are true bullet trap manufacturers are few and do not advertise widely. Consequently,
they are hard to discover. To date the market had been rather limited and not able to support
large numbers of manufacturers. Until recently, neither environmental concerns nor urban
I sprawl made it necessary to consider use of bullet traps. Most shooters could easily travel to an
outdoor range and fire into a berm or simply into the woods without much concern for the

I- consequences. Urban sprawl and heightened environmental awareness have now made the use of
bullet traps either desirable or necessary, thus attracting manufacturers into a previously small
market. In addition to domestic manufacturers, Canada, western Europe, eastern Europe,
Scandinavia, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand were investigated as potential suppliers. Of the
foreign countries investigated, only Germany, Italy and Switzerland had manufacturers. Some of
the traps that have been investigated appear to be viable candidates for some applications on
Army outdoor small arms ranges. However, manufacturers performance claims should be
verified by demonstration under operational conditions to provide objective data on the traps
ability to contain or prevent the spread of heavy metals on the range as well as the durability,
maintenance requirements, effects on training, life-cycle cost, and utility of these traps.

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Im
*mm-
I
SECTION 5
REFERENCES

1. U.S. Army, March 1987. US Army Test FacilitiesRegister, Vol. 1, Major Test
Facilities,Army Material Command Pamphlet 70-1.

2. U. S. Marine Corps, June 1991. Standard Operating Proceduresfor Marine Corps

Combat Development Command TrainingAreas and Range Control Operations,
MCCDCO P 1500.1A.

3. U. S. Army Infantry Center and Fort Benning, August 1994. Range and Terrain
Regulations, USAIC Regulation 210-4.

4. U. S. Army Infantry Center and Fort Benning, March 1989. Catalogue of Live Fire
Ranges and Artillery! Mortar FiringPoints, USAIC Pamphlet 210-21.

5. U.S. Army Armor Center and Fort Knox, May 1985. Range Regulation (Training!
Impact Areas), USAARMC Regulation 385-22.

6. U. S. Army Training Center and Fort Jackson, June 1994. Range Operations,Fort
Jackson Regulation 350-14.

7. Hoxa, Sami and Ernesto B. Vazquez, March 1995. Surface DangerZone (SDZ)
Methodology Study, ProbabilityBased Surface DangerZones, Special Publication,
prepared for U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center,
Picatinny Arsenal, Special Publication Number ARPAD-SP-94001.

8. U. S. Army Garrison and Fort Pickett, November 1994. Memorandum: Military

Operationsin Urban Terrain (MOUT) and the MilitaryAssault Course (MAC)
Standing OperatingProcedure(SOP).

I 9. U. S.Army Engineer Center and Fort Leonard Wood, June 1993. Installations-Ranges
and TrainingAreas, Fort Leonard Wood Regulation 210-14.

10. U. S. Army, September 1991. Training Land, Department of the Army Training
Circular 25-1.

11. U.S. Army, February 1992. Training Ranges, Department of the Army Training
Circular 25-8.

12. Department of Defense, July 1992. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Defense
Agencies, DoD FieldActivities, Organizationand Functions Guidebook, Directorate for
Organizational and Management Planning, Office of the Secretary of Defense.

I
* 5-1
I
I
" ~SECTION 6
I MANUFACTURER'S LITERATURE

U\
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* 6-1

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 S..r

*GCaswell
International Corporation

mrnr~ Granular Rubber Bulle Trap.

GranTrapTM Granular Rubber Bullet Trap

I The patented GranTrap granular rubber bullet trap was developed to meet the need for a cleaner and
safer environment in indoor and outdoor shooting ranges. The GranTrap allows bullets to pass through
the rubber front panel and be captured intact in a chamber filled with GranTexTM!, a specially treated
I rubber granulate material manufactured from recycled materials. The bullets remain intact, eliminating
air borne lead dust and preventing lead and jacket backsplatter.

U The GranTrap is available in pistol and rifle versions and can be used in indoor or outdoor ranges.

The GranTrap Granular Rubber Bullet Trap is licensed and manufactured under U. S. Patent
numbers 5,171,020, 5,340,117 and other patents pending. GranTrap and GranTex are trade-
marks of Caswell International Corporation

4
41013 1803
I

I
FRAME SYSTEM

3 ELASTIC FACING

I :
DIRECTION -. -MRANTEX

5 OF FIRE MATERIAL

Ii

PORTIONS OF SYSTEM TO
ALLOW FOR EASY RECYCLING BACK PLATE
OF GRANTEX AND REMOVAL
OF SPENT ROUNDS.

Io
ELASTIC FACING

GranTrap Cross-Sectional View @ Mid-Point

3 ADVANTAGES OF THE GRANTRAP

* Competitively priced compared to steel bullet traps.

. • Smaller "footprint" than steel traps.

* Safer to use due to the soft rubber front which allows the
bullets to pass through without breakup.
I •NO lead or jacket backsplatter. Bullets are captured intact.
* Easier to clean the range. No lead or jacket particles to pick up.
No need for protective clothing or air respirators
I •Less equipment maintenance than steel traps. C
No loose bolts or shifting plates

3 No wear on steel plates and other impacted surfaces

Patching of front panel takes less than five minutes
asw e
International Corporation
Lead removal in the GranTrap is easier and safer. 1221 Marshall St. N.E
Minneapolis, MN 55413
Exhaust air filters last several times longer. Telephone: (612) 379-2000
Fax: 379-2367
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 Range Masters, Inc. is dedicated to the design and construction of durable, cost effective products
"tomeet the needs of today's range owner. The need is now greater than ever for
safe,
environmentally sound ranges. Tighter governmental regulations on firearm generated
lead will
soon end the practice of firing into outdoor earth berms. Indoor ranges with steel trap
ranges, with
-i. their incredible amounts of generated lead waste, will not escape the closer scrutiny.
To combat
these range threatening problems, Range Masters, Inc. has developed a new system.

At Range Masters, Inc. our ballistic team has developed a revolutionary new family of
products
called the TEC System. The TEC System, or Total Entrapment Composite, utilizes particles of
rubber recycled from tires bonded together with a synthetic agent, additionally reinforced
with
iKevlar®.Using this composite and our various product designs, we are able to provide an
unmatched range of use.

To achieve a ballistically safe range, only two things need to happen. The projectile must
be
1 controlled and then contained. Regardless of the angle of fire, nothing can return toward the
shooter or firing line. In all TEC System products, angle of fire has no effect. Additionally,
no
II portion of the projectile escapes containment to return toward the firing line.

lI Beyond ballistic safety, there is the risk of long term lead exposure in firing ranges. When
projectiles strike traditional steel traps, they shatter, causing dramatic increases in airborne
3 With any TEC System product, any lead is contained, blocking re-entry to the range.
lead.
Indoors, an
80% to 90% reduction of airborne lead can be achieved with TEC Systems. (Varies by
style of
Ii ammunition vs. steel traps.)

Ii Besides safety aspects, there are additional benefits to using TEC System products. High among
these is reduced costs, both in clean up expenses and replacement of lead contaminated
iI equipment.

Since the composite absorbs and contains the lead, it does not create hazardous waste.
3 reduces the exorbitant expenses involved with clean up of hazardous or toxic materials.
This greatly

Additionally, since concentrations of airborne lead are reduced, mechanical range equipment
is less
3ilikely to become lead damaged. Greater mean time between replacement results in less funding
spent on replacement or maintenance.

II
ii
15 While TEC System products reduce costs, perhaps one of their premier assets is income generation.
Projectiles fired into and recovered from TEC System products can be resold to local primary
II smelting operations. Again, there is none of the regulatory problems of hazardous waste.

Ii Bullet Trap

jj RMI bullet traps offer the dependability and versatility demanded by modem shooting conditions.

ii The TEC System bullet trap is truly a bullet =.. The bullet is absorbed, unlike traditional steel
traps which merely create a ricochet. This absorption of the bullet is an important feature. It
1I permits the bullet to be decelerated with a considerable reduction in bullet fragmentation. The
extraordinary design of the RMI bullet trap offers a solution to several problems a range owner
II faces daily. Some of these problems are mechanical fail, lead build up, hollow point and steel core
ammunition usage, depth of trap, large components and complex equipment.

The RMI bullet trap uses no moving parts to trap or recover the bullets. An infallible system is
IIutilized to recover bullets... gravity. The bullets pass through the outer surface of the trap where
deceleration takes place. Without sufficient energy to re-enter the composite, the projectile then
falls through the channels inserted through the TEC System blocks to a recovery area. Unlike solid
rubber composites, these channels allow for expansion, due to the introduction of more projectiles.
i Without room for expansion, projectiles will continue to mass bullets without relief In short order,
a dangerous situation can be reached, potentially causing fragmentation to return into the fire lanes.

! Due to the great variety of ammunition available to today's shooter, full control of what is fired may
not be achieved. Bullet traps must be able to provide safe containment no matter what type
ammunition is used. RMI bullet traps accept hollow point and steel core bullets, without undue
wear, unlike steel traps that are rendered unsafe after limited uses of steel core bullets. Many
composite bullet traps use either hard rubber or plastic surfaces. These types are subject to rapid
deterioration when hollow point ammunition is used. Hollow point bullets are widely used in both
law enforcement and recreational shooting which account for a large portion of shooting in today's
l ranges.

Bullet trap depth is an important consideration when choosing range equipment. The RMI trap
requires approximately 30 inches of depth. This means a reduction in building construction and
iil
 IIL

LLli
0 1--

I U>' 0

u< r-I z Ic

wu -F I-I
 Shoot House & Ballistic Panels

A split second is all you have to hit a moving target and a miss could cost you your life. This is a
real situation that law enforcement and military personnel face across the nation daily. The only
5
Iway to train for this type of shooting situation is realistic training. With this increasing need for
realistic live fire training, safety is paramount. Traditionally, live fire urban training was conducted
* in tire houses, wooden structures, and large outdoor ranges. These shooting environments all have
one thing in common - secondary missiles or ricochets!

Today, there is a solution to this serious and often life threatening condition. Range Masters, Inc.
offers several products to increase the safety of live fire training. The backbone of our product line
is the TEC System. The TEC System uses rubber particles from recycled tires bonded with a

1 synthetic agent and reinforced with Kevlar®. This product is not only cost effective, but also lessens
the ecological burden on the planet.

By utilizing the TEC System, the shooting environment can be customized to meet tactical training
3I requirements. One of the optional systems is sheet steel (ranging based on consumer specs from
mild to Brinell 500) faced with replaceable TEC System panels. This provides positive containment
* and increased safety.

The second option is our interlocking block system. This system employs a manageable solid block
that is simple to install. This is an important consideration when manpower is limited. With
3 numerous configurations and the ability to create free standing walls, various training environments
can be used. Additionally, rubber composites, unlike wood, absorb great amounts of sound and
3 does not splinter. These are important factors when training requires a safe, durable product for

I close orders training.

The TEC System panels have been designed to meet several shooting requirements. The panels are
I produced under strict quality control. This allows for diverse product usage. The side wall panels
can be used for ground/floor covering. This will greatly increase the overall safety of the tactical
I shooting site.

I For conventional shooting situations, the panels are used to face baffles, safety ceilings, concrete
walls, and floors.
I
IIs
U
Outdoor Ranges

From the time firearms were first used, outdoor ranges have been operated. Other than
U improvements in the areas of safety and back stops, most outdoor ranges have not changed.

I In most of today's outdoor ranges, the majority of back stops are still earth berms. Earth berms
must be periodically mined to recover lead. Earth backstops, though inexpensive to construct,
become costly over time. With the new increasing environmental pressures added to the rising cost
of professional recovery, earth back stops will soon be a thing of the past.

One of the major draw backs to the use of earth back stops is safety. Bullets will either ricochet
off or "roll over" the top of the back stop. There have been several attempts to curb these incidents
over the years. The only viable solution has been a shot fall zone! The large amount of land
I required for even 22 rimfire ammunition can easily exceed most project budgets.

I In the construction of range amenities wood, concrete and steel are used. These elements have
been for the most part used due to cost and availability. Today, range owners have a solution to
problems like wooden structures being decimated or law suits deriving from secondary missiles.
The TEC system products can be used to replace berms and earth back stops, RMI interlocking
blocks can be placed in a frame to fabricate free standing TEC walls. Interlocking blocks can be
used to retard erosion if your range currently contains a earth back stop. The TEC panels can be
I adhered to concrete or steel surfaces, allowing for the retro-fitting of most ranges.

I One of the most bothersome by products of firearm usage is sound. We offer various products and
techniques to conform to required sound levels. With the use of TEC system products, sound can
be channeled and absorbed. One of the techniques of sound abatement available are ribbed TEC
panels that can be adhered to the sides of wood or steel range dividers. Further, free standing
I walls can be cost effectively erected in problem areas to greatly reduce and channel sound down
range. If bench rests are used, we offer a portable sound suppression system that adjusts to
I standard bench rest height. This system will notably reduce the amount of sound exiting the range.
The suppression system is designed to absorb part of the sound and channel the remaining sound
waves down range. These inexpensive systems can increase shooting comfort while decreasing the
amount of sound exiting your range.

I
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3 Military Ranges
Range safety is one of a commander's most critical task in conducting any live fire exercise. RMI
clearly leads the industry in this area. All members of our research and design team have served in
the military and conducted range training for several years. With a vast amount of hands-on
3 experience we were able to develop products to meet the specific needs of military ranges.

11 M-16A2 ZERO Range

3 One of the most important elements in qualification is a properly zeroed weapon. With the addition

II of RMI products your current zero range will become safer and have needed amenities.

With safety being the primary concern, we have developed a new baffle system which allows the
individual zeroing to acquire his/her target while restricting the elevation of their weapon. The
baffles are faced with TEC panels that, in the event of a misplaced shot, will absorb the projectile.
II
I By replacing the front of existing earth back stops with a RMI modular bullet trap, there will be no
imbedded rounds or rock to create an unsafe training environment. By using baffles with the bullet
5trap,elevation can be controlled to keep rounds from being fired over the bullet trap.
II

Lane separators can be added at the firing line. The separators are designed to protect personnel
from being struck by either brass or ground ricochet from a misguided round. An optional mat may
3
"-I be placed between the lane separators. These mats will provide a non-slip surface and when placed
on a slight grade permit water to drain away from the firing position.

To augment the RMI M-16A2 zero range we offer a revolutionary target holder. Our holders are
3
"- constructed with a solid sheet of TEC system. The targets are simply stapled to the face of the
sheet. The holders reduce the projectiles velocity and thus, increase the durability of the bullet trap.
ii The TEC system sheets are far more durable than wood or other similar materials. With increased
durability the overall cost of range operation is reduced.

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* TARGET BACKING CURTAINS

I IT'S CURTAINS FOR

BACKSPLATTER AND
U LEAD CONTAMINATION
Two of the biggest dangers you
face at indoor shooting ranges
I are about to bite the dust
thanks to LINATEX TARGET
BACKING CURTAINS.

I Made from LINATEX, the

curtains self-seal instantly when
pierced by ammunition, leaving
only a pin-prick sized hole.
Ricocheting backsplatter and
lead particulates are effectively
contained, even at close range,
avoiding contamination of the
firing area.

U PROTECT THE SHOOTER

WITH LINATEX
NRAapproved

Cut-away view of a LINA TEX TARGET BACKING CURTAIN in action.

I--- TE M
THE SAFEST, MOSTT See reverse side for typical range layout.

ECONOMICAL TARGET FEATURES & BENEFITS

BAC(•ING AVAILABLE.
B N A Prevents dangerous backsplatter and ricochets.
LINATEX curtains last
thousands of rounds and have * The screening effect provided by the LINATEX curtain
been used successfully with substantially reduces airborne lead fumes and makes
.22 calibre, 38 wad cutter, 44 it much easier to extract fumes from the range.
I. magnum, 6.5mm, .303 calibre,
I .357 magnum, 45 auto and
9mm ammunition. In addition
to lasting thousands of rounds,
* LINATEX is self sealing. Under tests, a small LINATEX
curtain, 1/4" thick x 2' x 2' had only a small hole after
some 25,000 rounds of .303 calibre had been fired through
the curtain.
I_ LINATEX TARGET BACKING
CURTAINS can be easily
repaired with a simple patch kit. * Noise reduction. Reflected noise off the backstop
is confined.
This unique material is used by
hundreds of military, police, o Unlike other target backings such as canvas, paper,
S government and private indoor
ranges throughout the United
plywood or particle board, LINATEX does not fragment or
disintegrate into small particles which could cause fouling
States. Ask for our user list. of air purification units on indoor facilities. See illustrations
on reverse side.

I Continued on back.
'SAVAGE___
I=RANGE__
S)YSTEM INC

PASIEr&BULLET hP Proviwmding a 'One Stop' full service.

Itothe Firearms Industry and allI,
shoigIags
.I

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 *
SAVAL6ERAN6E SYSTEMS liNc PRESENTS3O.

U '-,
PASSIVE BULLET TMAPS-
-- •....'~tt Ra]nge& [reD CySCIm

/A ufacturers of a complete line of patented "wet" traps and ranges that provide superior lead dust control, shooter
r'r ction from particle "spit back" and complete bullet recovery. Using the laws of nature to capture a bullet, the
Sr Uil"system deflects, hydroplanes and decelerates by lubricated centrifugal friction. In less than two seconds and
51revolutions, a bullet will generally stay intact and fall into a collection tray for ease of recycle or disposal.
)Elgned for firearm, ammo and accessory manufacturers, gunsmiths, armorers, ballistic labs. range facilities and
onrnment firearm training and qualifying establishments.

I DUEL\TRQON TARGET SYSTEMS

)ffsrs more than 20 years experience in the design, manufacturing and service support of quality portable and per-
tently mounted electronic, pneumatic (air driven) and wireless target systems. Choose from handheld portable
opup targets, portable cable and track mounted Running Man target systems to permanently installed computer
otoiled target ranges to fit nearly every budget and firearms training requirement.

R5 RANGE 5ERVICEC
rcides engineering, planning, equipment selection, budgeting and installation support for indoor and outdoor
inges. Will provide air quality monitoring, range retrofit and regular maintenance programs.

'RIDUCT DESCRIPTION & INDEX CATALOG PAGE

irerms clearing and precaution trap. Page 3

IM:IRE TRAP
31 nction and targeting of all rim-fire firearms. Page 3
Ul4SMITH SERIES
e.jned for function firing of handguns, shotgun and rifles up to .50 cal. Page 4
QiTRAP SERIES
sed by firearm, ammo and accessory manufacturers, for testing, proofing, functioning, and Page 5
rc:eing handguns, shotguns and rifles up to .600 Nitro Express.
,OR and OUTDOOR RANGES
"igineered to fit all existing and proposed range facilities. Page 6
UI ATRON PORTABLE AT-37 WIRELESS
)r§ombat shooting scenarios with up to 15 individual targets as far away as 300 yards. Page 7
\IEUMATIC TARGET SYSTEMS
gt reliable. portable and permanent, low cost & minimum maintenance target systems. Page 8
JNING MAN TARGET SYSTEMS
3si ned for combat training, portable or permanent, and adapts to numerous field conditions. Page 9
_oKLAR BALLISTIC PANELS
el es combat villages that are infinitely adjustable and interlocking. May be used for ballistic Page 10
il coverings and baffle systems.
.LRET CONTROL SYSTEMS and ACCESSORIES
irleless. pneumatic and electronic controllers. Page 10/11
,_IE SERVICES INC.
ol•es full engineering support services and maintenance programs. Page 12
 * BOX TRAP SERIES
BOX TRAP SERIES
General Description
One-piece box trap. Designed for function, targeting and velocity test-
ing. Includes one-piece welded construction, impeller pump, collection
tray and tank to contain and recycle liquid. Ideal for firearms and ammo
manufacturers. Center line of hit area to floor is 53" standard. Non-
standard applications can be accommodated upon request.

MODEL R24 24" x 24" target area, and rated for .600 nitro
express (no steel core).

MODEL RA24 Same as above with optional replaceable ramps.

designed to withstand armor piercing (non-Sabot).

MODEL R36 36" x 36" tartet area, and rated for .600 nitro
express (no steel core).

3 MODEL RA36 Same as above and designed with replaceable

YODEL R24 ramps to withstand armor piercing bullets (non-
Sabot).

IODEL R48 48" x 48" target area, and rated MODEL RA48 Same as above, and designed with
for .600 nitro express (no steel
3 core).
replacement ramps for armor pierc-
ing bullets (non-Sabot).

oAVY DUTY BOX TRAP

M2 MACHIE GUIA

Ineral Description For armor piercing applications. ramps can be bolted

Designed for military and firearm/ammo manufacturers,
t~s trap is mobile, sectional and perfect for testing
I :je caliber machine guns, up to .50 cal. in steel core.
Can be fabricated to suit application and building
rrtraints. Bullets are collected in a basket above the
r ycling tank.
together for ease of removal and replacement.
Designed to withstand a M2 machine gun in full auto
belt-fed mode at a typical distance of 30 meters. indoor
or outside.
5
 O.U2R'~~aNTA1:G'Et -SYYSTEM
] 3DULAR BALLISTIC PANELS (MBPs)
A~rking with recycled rubber tire products, DUE-
RON has created the proprietary MBP System
,or use in the construction of live fire Combat
Veges and protective ballistic coverings for indoor
DUELATRON MBPs are bonded with spe- Ses.
sial compounds and reinforced with Kevlar synthet-
cr naterials to create ballistic walls, ceilings, baf-
I1, floors and modular (moveable) panels which
NI stop live fire pistol rounds and shotgun slugs
:o1 truly safe 3600 shooting environment.

Jn-ike traditional ballistic wall coverings and baffles

T--rde from plywood bases, DUELATRON MBPs
•i rubber based, sound absorbent, have non-
;platter/ricochet qualities and are designed for long
in indoor and outdoor environments. Available
r4 variety of colors and textures (including
3mooth and ribbed surfaces, as well as interlocking
rlstanding components) these moveable walls
ar3 ballistic wall coverings can be easily attached MBP LIVE FIRE ASSULT HOUSE
o wood, steel, concrete or painted surfaces.

TARGET CONTROL SYSTEMS AND ACCESSORIES

A handheld wireless target transmitter, capable of cont-
rolling up to 15 targets individually (or 15 clusters of tar-
gets) or all targets simultaneously, as far away as 300
yards in all directions.

* Manual (switch operated) target controllers for 5, 10

and 15 pneumatic targets, allowing both individual and
in unison control of all targets.

/ * Programmable solid-state Timers with variable delay

times (from 0-99 seconds) and variabie target exposure
times (from 0-999 seconds) in one second increments.
...•. *Portable PC Range Computers capable of controlling
100 targets individually or in various combinations. With
the exclusive DUELATRON RCS (Range Control
System) software package, virtually any basic qualifica-
=DIO TRANSMITTER MANUAL CONTROLLER tion through advanced firearms training course can be
) LLATRON offers a wide variety of target control imagined
written via manual, variable timed courses or user
programs.
elec-
;y..cjems for operating wireless, pneumatic and
Il c target systems. For example....

n
 *1
I ?)PASSIVE BULLET
~~'.Wet'ýPng &.Trap Systems-
TRAPSIN.

Model 0P96

!OUTDOOR AREA RANGE SERIES

General Description Model OP96 Outdoor area range, sections
Designed for outdoor use, this Pumpless wet range 81 x 8' average width and height.
system will protect the environment from lead con- Rated for all handguns up to .50
I tamination.
the Liquid
deceleration is contained
chamber, so that in the lower
bullets part of
wipe through AE. Each unit weights 5,200 lbs.

and automatically wet the inside of the chamber. Model OR96 - Outdoor area range, 8'x 8'
Individual sections are joined together to create average width and height. Rated
desired width, according to the number of shooter for all rifles up to .50 caliber, no

stations required. steel core or AP rounds.

I Collection takes place at the rear of the system, Model ORA96 - Rated for armor piercing and
and bullet material can be removed (a) manually, steel cored bullets. (Designed for
I (b)
bucket and hoist or (c) conveyor, specific user applications.)

I
d/o Savage Arms, Inc., Springdale Road, Westfield, Ma. 01085 ° 413-568-7001 ° Fax 413-562-7764
 TARGET

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 SBu~ildin
ii ig A
S|TIONF
ring Range
iT
From the ground up, Action Target is the leader in firing range
development and range equipment. Whether you are beginning
a completely new project, expanding your existing facility, or
looking for a single target to sharpen your skills, Action Target
can help you. Action Target is unsurpassed in all facets of range
development, and is uniquely qualified to help you meet your
.: "-•:.individual needs.

Our primary concern is not just selling range equipment, but

making sure you get the right equipment for your firearms
training needs. The right equipment must not only meet your
varied training requirements, but must also be installed properly
and function dependably in all conditions. We are constantly
improving the quality and design of our products to meet your
training needs. With Action Target you can be sure that you are
getting the best equipment value for your training dollar.

Because getting the proper equipment is just one part of the total
range design process, Action Target is ready to help you address
all major design issues. We install more ranges each year than
anyone else in the industry, and we understand the complexities
of range design, construction, and maintenance. Our services
can help you select an appropriate site, make cost and budget
projections, conform to local and federal government
regulations, and meet safety requirements.

Every project, from the largest government or municipal training

facility to the smallest local range, benefits from the expertise of
the engineers and installers at Action Target. However, there are
some cases when your range needs may require more
specialized assistance. Even in these circumstances, Action
Target can help. Because of our reputation, we have developed
contacts with top professionals in many related industries. We
can refer you to those people, some of whom provide services at
little or no cost, who will most effectively address your
specialized range needs.

Action Target's goal is to make your training practical, safe,

dependable, and cost effective. We have the benefit of seeing
more ranges, installing more systems, and working with more
professional trainers and departments than anyone else in the
industry. No one is more qualified to help you meet your training
goals or specific range requirements than Action Target. Please
"call me to discuss your range training needs, concerns, and
questions.

I • "M. Scott Roberts

 ~~~~~~~I
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STARGET..

.S.PPateOntPndigAY

The TOTAL CONTAINMENT TRAP (TCT) is simply the best overall solution for ranges where safety, reliability, low
maintenance, and ease of use are top priorities. Action Target's TOTAL CONTAINMENT TRAP has overcome the
problems of other inferior designs which do not provide for close-distance shooting or for shooting with high power
rounds. The advanced design of the TCT uses a gracefully sloping funnel to safely direct rounds into a large chamber
where they can be stopped with complete safety. The TCT can be safely used for handgun, shotgun, and most high power
S rounds, and is ideal on both indoor and outdoor ranges. The TCT is an independent, free-standing structure, so it can be
installed with minimal preparation on nearly any range site.
The TCT's all-steel construction and funnelling action provide the only bullet containment and splatter protection your
range will need. There are no costly, high-maintenance shields or curtains of any kind required. Remember, the "Total
Containment" concept means containment of bullets, containment of ricochet and splatter, and containment of ongoing
range maintenance expenses.

O~~
Once the bullets have been collected in the main chamber, a number of debris removal systems may be used to extract
the spent rounds. Such systems range from
simple pull-out trays to fully automated
conveyor belt drives. Call Action Target for ~S~*\
assistance in deciding which configurations are
best suited to your specific needs.

\1- -0 PI CONCRETE

I O This drawing is for example only and is not to scale.

Contact Action Target for actual blueprints.

 I i U.S. Patent Pending
1 Ranges with space limitations can be served well by •'•
_•[ the Action
breaks Targetinto
the bullet Low Profile
small Trapdirecting
pieces, (LPT). The
them LPT
into
I the collection bins at the base of the trap. This makes it
a simple process to recover the lead and clean the trap.
The LPT uses a very small amount of floor space, and
S. . .allows the target to come within inches of the trap.

J 7,1

Action Target offers a portable bullet trap for use in conjunction with the
MATCH systems, or for use in other tactical applications. Contact our
sales staff for more information. IN

I Technical Range Assistance

Technical assistance is available from Action Target for your range design. You can save a lot of time and headache if
you let our engineers and sales staff work with you to determine what equipment fits your specific needs and budget. '
I Action Target supports three bullet traps as stock products. Additionally, we can assist you with everything from a simple •
sand berm designs to high-power water traps. Action Target can help you avoid many expensive pitfalls by providing you
with information on environmental concerns, legal issues, and new technology.

3 Questions & Answers

SQ: Why would a bullet trap be needed on an outdoor range?
A: With the lead containment and environmental issues so prevalent today, it is becoming more evident that ,
-- capturing and safely disposing of our lead projectiles makes a lot of sense.

S
Q: Can both handguns and rifles be fired on any type of bullet trap?
I A: Of the traps made by Action Target Inc., The Total Containment Trap may be used to contain both
handgun and rifle ammunition. The Low Profile Trap should only be used with lower velocity rounds.

I Q: What kind of service and maintenance is required for a bullet trap?

A: The amount of maintenance depends on the type of trap you choose. Contact Action Target for a free video 4

describing the different kinds of bullet traps available.

I'I
10
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 Safety is the main requirement in shooting ranges. .
The use of REGUPOL is imperative.
"REGUPOLproducts are used as the floor covering,
wall- and ceiling padding as the REGUPOL safety
features ensure the best possible protection against
I- ricochets.
Floor Recommendations
REGUPOL special floor, consisting of:
REGUPOL-elastic tiles
Size: 500 x 500 x 43 mm
Colour: black
Il Surface: covered with a 2 mm thick, seamless
polyurethane coating.
A test certificate issued by the Shooting Institute Ulm,
is applicable to this floor surface (test no. 1211.1/M
S~89024).
Important: the seamless PU-coating makes wet
cleaning possible, resulting in the complete removal
of unburned powder deposits.
Alternative:
"REGUPOL-elastictiles
Size: 500 x 500 x 43 mm _ __. .. _ ..
Colours: black, red-brown, green __- ,, - ,,,_
* loose laid.

Walls and ceilings

REGUPOL-elastic tiles - size and colour as
indicated above - screwed on wooden battens redu-
ce the incidence of ricochets in the range.
Butt
Special construction with REGUPOL-elastic tiles -
as described above -
REGUPOL shooting blocks REGUPOL products are also used
Size: 500 x 300 x 200 mm in outdoor shooting ranges.
Colour: red-brown.
in addition Cladding of concrete walls and
REGUPOL roll material shields with REGUPOL-elastic tiles
width: 1.250mm Size: 500 x 500 x 43 mm.
thickness: 10 to 20 mm REGUPOL is also recommended
colour: black to cover steel shields using a sand-
as a protective curtain against shrapnel in the butt. wich type construction.
REGUPOL-elastic tiles
Safety by experience type: profiled
Construction and performance of shooting ranges size: 500 x 500 x 50 mm
require a high degree of responsibility. REGUPOL structure: + 4 mm aluminium
guarantees safety through many years of experience, backing
This is why the GSG 9 recommend the full facility be
fitted with REGUPOL-elastic tiles to ensure complete For floor surfacing in outdoor areas
safety. - access roads, firing positions
Please contact us and we will show you shooting etc. - we recommend
ranges, where the full requirements of safety and
security have been achieved with REGUPOL REGUPOL-interlocking pavement
p ctype:
products. tiles Behaton-form

thickness: 43 mm
colour: red-brown
 30X60
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 MAILING ADDRESS: 3030 S. Valley Viewc 1l).
SHOOTING RANGES Las \veas, Nevada 8910 ( 02) -- (s--
SHIPPING ADDRESS: 3240 =D Sirius
INTERNA TIONAL Las Vegas Ne-at 012

H SHOOTING RANGES INTERNATIONAL, INC., (SRI) recognizes the growing demand for professional designed
and operated indoor shooting ranges. The need for quality, functional, and safe shooting range equipment has come
to the fore-front of today's shooting industry. Indoor shooting ranges offer the following objectives in gun use and
I ownership:
* Firearm education - Controlled shooting environment
* Safety • Positive firearm profile
I •Training e Environmentally safe for noise and contaminates
* Year-round operation
SRI BACKGROUND
I The principals at SRI have an extensive background in the following four major areas that will benefit you as a
potential range owner:
RANGE OPERATIONS
With over ten years experience in operating the largest indoor shooting range in Nevada, SRI can assist you in all
areas of range ownership and daily operations. With this working knowledge comes the experience of range materials
and equipment.
METAL FABRICATION
Metal fabrication and materials is of major importance to the success of your range equipment. Our metal fabrication
facility bas been involved in all aspects of metal work and forming. All of our metal fabrication is done in-house.
Range components are designed and engineered with specified metals and fabrication requirements.
CONSTRUCTION
With the working knowledge of general construction we can assist you in most areas of planning and building your
own facilities. This assistance will save valuable time and money in expediting your construction process.
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)
Indoor shooting ranges have specified requirements for air filtration of smoke, lead and air-born particles. HVAC for
indoor ranges is a major concern. With over 35 years experience in the HVAC industry, at a commercial level, SRI is
H your complete in-house service for HVAC design and engineering.

H
ADDITIONAL OPTIONS OFFERED BY SRI INCLUDE:
Full HVAC design
* Technical assistance
* Complete range starter packages
* Various range releases
* On-the-job training

SRI's P393 Pistol & R493 Rifle Bullet Traps

Our patented vertical chamber completely traps the bullet when entering
the helical which forces bullet velocity reduction causing the bullet and
fragments to fall harmlessly through the funnel into the bullet storage
container, located below. Lead collection for recycling is as easy as changing
collection containers.
* EPA regulations for air filtration and lead clean-up are addressed with this
system. Offered with each trap is a direct air exhaust hook-up. Thus all free
airborne particles in the trap are exhausted to and collected in the air
filtration system. Because of these features, employee's exposure to lead
contamination is kept to a minimum. SRI bullet traps offer the following:

H * Free standing - self supporting.

•All materials are angle designed for minimum wear.
- Modular design conforms to buildings' various dimensions.
- Superior bullet containment.
* Direct air filtration trap exhaust hook-up.
* Low cost to install and maintain.
Behind the P393 Bullet Trap System. bolt
on lids can be removed for inspection. An
optional exhaust lid may be used to vent
and filter traps directly. Containersare in
place to collect the trapped lead bullets.
U SHOOTING RANGES
IAPTERIVA TIOZATAL

SRIrS PIUS !TO~L & R4-3~ RIFLE2 BULLET TRFAPS

I The SRI bullet trap actually

the helical which forces bullet velocity
traps

bullet and fragments fall harmlessly through

the bullet when

the
it enters
reduction until the
funnel into
[he bullet storage container.. Lea--d collection for recycling
is as easy as changing collection containers..

I EPA regulations -for air

addressed with this system..
air exhaust hook u~p..
-filtration and lead clean, up are

Thlus~,
Each trap comes with a direct
all free airbor'n particles in
the C_ tr-ap atre e xha us ted to0 and Collected in the? air
-filtration System.. Because of these features, employee
exposure to lead contamination is kept to a minimum. SRI
bullet traps offer the following:

I A Free standing-requires
All1
no building support..
materials are angle designed for minimum wear.
Yý Modular design con-forms to buildings various dimgension.,
SSuperior bullet containment..
SDirect air filtration trap exhaust hook ulp.
SLow cost to install & maintain..

COPEEIIH AEBLE RPSSE.ALSTE

COPNNSARIEESDINOVV"SAA0FCRT
ILMNA "t.PSDEGS
I
SHOOTING RANGES
INTERNVA 770TVAL

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VIT
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RETRIEVAL ENDS.
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I 4"E-GUARD
HANGING FROM A
STANDARD ROOF
TRUSS SYSTEM,

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 m A
Study and Research Divisin
Mechanic
Operative

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I
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I
I
I
Lead and lead-poisoning
dangers
Lead is a metal which comes
in natural state in the form of
"galena" (or lead-sulphide).
Lead is highly poisonous to
human organism when
assimilated pure or as alloys
or compounds.
The most common occasions
of lead assumption are
represented by industrial
processes concerning lead:
mining of raw mineral, high
temperature processing
involving fumes or dusts
output, manufacturing or use
of lead objects or its
compounds (parasiticides,
dyes, mordants, polyvinyl-
resins stabilizers, alloys for
U printing types or parts of
internal combustion engines),
manufacturing of battery
plates or of special glasses.
In addition to the above
mentioned causes, affecting
mostly people directly
concerned with special
manufacturing, others,
represented by lead
contained in food and by
hydrocarbon polluting the air
of our towns, affect the
population in general.
Assimilated through breathing
or food, lead deposits in red
blood cells and thereat in
liver, kidneys and ultimately
I
in bones. From such organs
lead is eliminated slowly
through faeces or saliva, or
more rapidly, in case of
intoxication of chronical or
saturated subjects. The
pathologic syndrome of lead
intoxication is called
SATURNISM or LEAD-
POISONING. It affects
digestion and circulation,
kidneys, nervous and bone
systems. Symptoms are
characterized by anemia,
stomach and gastroduodenal
diseases, hyperazotemia,
high-blood pressure, brain
pathologies with paralisis of
peripherical nerves and, in
some cases, death.
To a correct diagnosis it is
important to demonstrate the
direct exposure of victims to
lead fumes, dust or smoke in
such a quantity as to cause
intoxication. Therapy provides
for immediate removal of
intoxicated subjects from the
dangerous activity.
Prevention operates reducing
polluting activities and
controlling production and
use of lead substances or
alloys. In high risks subjects
(such as firing ground
instructors), the action of lead
on blood can dangerously, be
coupled with that of carbon-
oxide forming
carbossihaemoglobin.
 *N
I The problem of lead oxide
in indoor firing grounds , 47
In western Europe countries, v , ;
progressive urbanization,
I high density of population
and road networks make - , .
more and more difficult the , . , . ,•
survival of outdoor firing ... .
grounds. Today, the trend is
toward hypogean or indoor
I firing grounds. t " -
In these structures, though,
the problems of lead oxide ...
and the need to expel it by
previous filtrage of fumes and V
dusts remain unsolved.
* The impact of a military-type
bullet against a buffer screen
generates a very high
* temperature which vaporizes
the lead part of the ogive
and pulverizes the coat,
I producing fumes made of
lead oxide and microscopic
metal particles.
* In average size firing grounds
8000 shots are fired each
day; consequently, the
above-mentioned process
involves 73 kg of lead, nickel
and copper each day (23
tons a year) which are
transformed in highly toxic
fumes. To eliminate dust and
I smoke without danger for
man and environment, a
filtering device capable of
treating 6 million cubic
meters of air per hour, would
be needed. Such structure is
practically impossible to
realize.
The lack of a solution to the
problem of eliminating lead
oxide from firing grounds has
represented so far a great
obstacle to the training of
I military detachments not
provided with outdoor firing
grounds, while indoor training
I has requested more than a
risk in terms of physical
health.
 .Al

The FRA.SA., in two years' maintenance. The solution

highly costly experimentations came when, leaving
and studies, has apart traditional systems,
tested all already-known a completely innovative
solutions, their structure was devised.
S.....effectiveness and possible The innovation
•.......
:•-• ::improvements. started a new era in
...... ' ......
•Among:.......... filtering and moredigestion,
usual, gas
which indoor firing from
eradicating grounds,
the source

is however too complex the causes of lead oxide

- :-Q..•.,
Q ::.{]•and expensive. Moreover, its
... - :•-•purification
:•- S...•-,•.•. effectiveness is no
-m
,i•Q Qmore than 60% and involves
•.• " •"-• :.the dloublefold problem
of 1) releasing into the
The Fatmosphere fumes not
hihcompletely purified
and 2) finding a place to
discharge polluted filters
which no local administration
Pn
throubefod/
would allows proble
Equally unfitting were
the "Energy-lowering shieldsc
because of high costs, short
duration of diaphrams
fumes inside the firing
ground.
With this new sy/stem, Italy
places itself in the van
in the field of indoor firing
grounds building for war
weapons and great
volumes of firing
activities.
The innovation consists
plcs1tef1ntha
in a bullet buffer made
of elastomeric granules kept
together only by their
very same weight, in which
noses plunge slowing down
 Np 4

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so as not to suffer alterations
of any kind except that of
"rifling,
The elastomeric granules
screen looks like atrapezoid
bulwark running along the
whole length of the terminal
wall of the shooting lines. The
screen is equipped with
mechanisms which reshape,
automatically and
continuously, its geometry
which the impact of bullets
tends to modify. The
reshaping is so rapid that the
"hole" of the ogiva is sutured
before the following bullet
reaches the screen, even in
the case, almost impossible
to happen, that the following
ogiva, shot from an automatic
gun, had the very same
trajectory.
As to the material of the
elastomeric granules, it is an
insulating sponge deriving
from a polimer made of
nitrilic rubber and PVC
treated with puffing agents.
A,
IJT
The very nature of the
polimer assures high
resistance to ageing and self-
extinguishment, which is
increased by the addition of
special substances. In
addition, the mineral charges
contained in the spongy
mass grant thermoacoustic
insulation and
hydrorepellence.
Advantages and new
possibilities offered by
FRA.SA. I
The value of an innovative
technical solution lies in the
advantages and in the
additional possibilities it offers
as regards to traditional
solutions. Some of the
advantages of FRA.SA. 10 are
evident, others came out by
experience: it's usual with
easy, but revolutionary
solutions. Hereunder are
some of the advantages and
new applications the
innovation offers to firing
grounds.
The main advantage that the
ELASTOMERIC GRANULAR
SCREEN offers is the solution
to the problem of lead oxide,
because the screen
eliminates from the origin the
cause which generates it: in
fact, firing grounds which
shall adopt the new structure
will not have at all to deal
with this problem, nor they
shall have to worry about
violation of anti-pollution
regulations. In addition, an
indoor firing ground free from
lead fumes offers more
security, internal and external,
in comparison to outdoor
ones. The absence of lead
oxide filtering devices shall
not create problems of
impeachments or complaints
in case of malfunctioning.
Rebounding of bullets from
the Elastomeric Granular
* Screen is practically
impossible.
Test shots fired against
* the area immediately
around the screen always hit
the screen itself
I without lead losses or
damage of the ogive coating.
The overall weight of the
screen and of its equipment
is inferior to that of
conventional hard
I buffers.
The mechanical part of
FRA.SA. 10 is much simpler
* and less expensive
than a lead oxide
purifier. Running costs of
* such mechanical part are
much less expensive than
any uriyingdevcelocated at targets feet
I Energy consumption of
FRA.SA. 10 is only 10-20%
of the total energyFR.AI°
* consumption of an indoor
firing ground.
Control and maintenance of
U FRA.SA. 1° can be made
occasionally by non
specialized staff,
The elastomeric granules do
not lose their characteristics
because of oxidation or
* absorption of bullets kinetic
*energy. The duration of the
elastomeric screen is at
* least equal to that of
conventional buffers. In
case of decrease of the
* granules volume (signalled
by sensors or found out
directly), all losses can be
I 'topped up" in the mass
movement circuit or directly
in the elastomeric
I screen,
FRA.SA. 10 does not have
delicate or complex devices
I difficult to replace:
both static and dynamic parts
are simple and resistant.
The material of granules is
absolutely fire-repellent and
does not take fire
spontaneously; in case of
need it can be destroyed
by incinerator or it
can be re-used in housing
thanks to its high sound
absorption quality as filling of
anti-acoustic hollow spaces.
The impact of tracer bullets
makes on the screen
the same almost undetectable
effects of normal ogives.
In normal hard bullet
buffer screens, the noise
of the impact of the ogive
sums up its decibels to that w
of the shot. In firing grounds
equipped with electronic
score indicators, such
echoes may distort scoring.
Anomalous shots can
rebound ogives on indicators
and damage them.
This will not happen with
FRA.SA. 10.
But the far most impressing
and almost unexpected
result of the research is that
elastomeric granular screens
leave ogives practically intact.
Just grazed by the rifling,
the could be salvaged by
re-gauging, or the metal
might be retrieved by fusion.
In addition, the rifling trace
could tell of the state
of wear of weapons,
and the identical weight
of the retrieved ogives could
allow easy calculation of the
bullets used (by means of a
piece-counting balance)
especially in Police firing
grounds where Parabellum
cal. 9 bullets are almost
exclusively used.
In addition to the above
mentioned advantages, the,
FRA.SA. ABSORBING
ELASTOMERIC GRANULAR
SCREEN offers other
advantages that hard
traditional screens cannot ,5"',
give: the absence of lead
NE
 "Ali fumes allows the presence of
- : both indoor and outdoor
firing grounds within the
range of inhabited
settlements. In high cost
. urban areas, it might be
convenient to install civilian
firing grounds in basements
or depots, etc..
An Elastomeric Screen would
also be very useful in civilian
firing grounds where short
defence weapons or hunting
rifles are used, because of
the same lead oxide
problem. The adoption of
FRA.SA. 1° in outdoor firing
grounds would eliminate the
continuous and expensive
wvI
'~,'A
/ ..
p: :
substitution of wood bullet
buffers still used.
In many firing grounds built
by FRA.SA. the overhanging
area may be used for other
purposes, even in case of a
water-bearing stratum just
two meters from the surface.
The dimensions of the
FRA.SA. Elastomeric Granular
Screen can be adapted to
civilian long or short
weapons, even automatic,
and to military automatic
weapons. The screen can
even absorb the impact of
non-explosive machine-gun
bullets. The absence of lead
oxide allows continuous and
I simultaneous use of a great
number of guns, which firing
I volume would create
problems to any depuration
system. If the ongoing
research for new and
improved solutions would
identify a material more
I suitable or more convenient
to the functions carried on by
the elastomeric granules of
I FRA.SA. I°, they may be
easily replaced. In fact,
FRA.SA. 1° is equipped with
I an automatic cleaning out
device. The back of the
Elastomeric Screen rests on a
* vertical balistic steel wall
which serves as ultimate
wichaserves asutimatle.Ttrade
impassable obstacle. This
characteristic allows the fitting
*of FRA.SA. I° structures to
hard buffer screens with
relatively low costs. These, in
brief, the advantages and the
new possibilities of the
FRA.SA. 10 tested by
research and by experience
deriving from our installation
at the Caserma Italia at Ostia
Lido. Its realization was made
possible thanks, in particular,
to the receptivity of our
military H.Q.. As to the above
mentioned training structure,
I itis the first firing ground
equipped with the FRA.SA. 1°
I
Elastomeric Granular Screen.
The Caserma Italia is
equipped with the most
advanced and sophisticated
security systems, as the
pamphlet shows. It can be
considered the most
advanced structure of its
kind. The screen, which is an
integral part of the whole
structure, has been tested,
under our request, by the ,
National Test Stand of •\:jL.em
Portable Firing Weapons at
Gardone V.T. and was
declared absolutely and
completely qualified for its
functions. Each part of the
FRA.SA. 10 is worldwide
marked. The FRA.SA. 10
Company has been
collaborating with the Italian
Armed Forces for more than
a decade realizing numerous
traditional firing grounds all
over the country. At present,
it is building three more
grounds all equipped with
FRA.SA. 10: one in Turin, for E
the Customs Corps and two
others at Albenga and
Montorio Veronese for the
Army. The FRA.SA. is a
national enterprise, totally
financed by Italian capitals.
Its administrative seat is in
Rome, Via del Giordano
n' 44.
I
The technical and
legislative aspects of the
problem
The presence of lead in air,
water and in the food chain
is one of the reasons of the
actual environment
degradation. The motivation
of the numerous EEC laws
illustrates the seriousness of
the problem which shows an
alarmingly growing trend. The
activities of an indoor firing
ground, which creates lead
compounds, fall within the
EEC rules enacted by the
Council Directive of July 28,
1982 (Art. 2 - par. I - comma
20 - an. I, N O 10, 19 and 24
and art. 11, 12 and 13) EEC
Official Journal n0 L 247/12
of August 23, 1982. The
Directive provides for
periodical control of indoor
environment (art. 4 - par. 5 -
an. 4) and on physical
conditions of staff, with
immediate intervention (art. 8
and 9) if lead concentration
in the air exceeds 150
mg/m 3. Such value
corresponds to the set of
rules of the American
Conference of Government
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH),
universally accepted. In the
same environmental
responsibility framework,
reciclying or elimination of
lead, zinc and copper dusts
accumulated near balistic
bullet buffers are still
unsolved: dusts are taken
S up
occasionally and with
inadequate techniques, while
reciclying does not have
guaranties or controls of any
kind. In indoor firing grounds
gas or fumes problems can.
be partially solved at
atmospheric level, but
* certainly not at water or land
level,
POLIGONO
-
[ _
,-
ii, U,
BiR,,
ATRIOESERVIZ!
"
,-
77 81A AIIAL.
LEGENDA:
1- Firing ground hall
2 - Shot aroa
Firing Director Box
4 - Shooting gallery
5- Balistic absorbtion bullet bumperarea
6 -Bathrooms
Control of the air inside an
indoor firing ground made 4'
after a 250 shots salvo
of 7.62 NATO gave, for
the sole particles with
diameter inferior to 0.3 Mm,
a concentration of 6.22
mg/m 3 within the range of 25
m from the balistic bullet
buffer,
Such concentration spread in
the whole gallery in 10' with
a dilution not exceeding
1.900 mg/m 3 . For
particles larger than 0.3 Mm,
maximum concentration
reached 90.100 Mgr/m 3
with a polluting cloud
extended up to 56 m from
the screen,
Minimum concentration that
can be obtained by a filtering
device intervening on the
above mentioned conditions
is 480 mg/m 3. Regulations
prescribe maximum tolerance
of 2 mg/m 3 .
Such situation derives
partially from the fact that the
DA 5Omt PLANIMETRIA
------------
-,
-
7 15 25 50
flALLERIAfiTIRO AREAPARAPAIIE
SEZIONE LONGITUDINALE
7-Waiting roomshots 13- Electric switch - board room
8 - Infirmary
9 - Weapons and bullets distribution
14- Heating plant
15 • Storehouse
10 - Shots entrance hall
11- Shots exit hall
16 - Hollow space of service tunnel
17 - Back of bullet bumper
8- Entrance staircase
18
12- Weapon maintenance and withdrwal
filtering device cannot keep
particles with a diameter
smaller than 0.3 Mm, to
capture which a chemical
process not yet available
would be needed.
Therefore, at present, in
indoor firing grounds
equipped with balistic bullet
buffers, internal and external
conditions cannot be
modified without a radical
transformation of the bullet
stopping system.
National and local authorities
are trying to find
reasonable compromises
between environment
saveguard and continuation
of necessary activities.
The solution offered by
FRA.SA. 10 eliminates
at the root the problem of
lead fumes inside and
outside firing grounds. Our
solution also offers the
legislator all elements for its
adoption as a mean of
progressively improve the
 L
• ASSRBENTE
MATERIALE
ELASTICO
ZONE
GRANULARE

DEFLETTORE ATENUTA
CAWIRA DARA -.
BAUSTICO MOBILE
COPERTURA V-

3 O IT I ..
M IN
• i !,."/ . . ... FLIIPPERS M ~
T

MOITORIDATTORE FREECPERFI
PRAIETTLIU ~] • , ".•_•• - .. . .

NASTRRO
TRASPARTATORE
M8N0AoJC ]LIATRE
A PALE
MAAI
' CONIIIIIIE
PARIELTIF

IVISTA PROI~IIIl

quality of atmosphere. FRA.SA.

1" should be included, for its
characteristics, among those
devices admitted to benefit from
subsidies provided for W,
environmental protection in all
EEC state members.

Costs collation c, +- . - _-,,. MMi¢9SSIONI•

ARIA

A mere mathematic collation -. B-"STER.MM

IRIRI,
between a buffer originating .o "... ,_.
lead fumes and dust and one . I; _
w hich d oes not, is totally I I I IIi".i".--.- ... ROR.
D C•..O8

useless. To evaluate the -

difference between a "clean' PIANTA MAR"RTIR"I

activity and one producing

polluting substances, it would
be necessary to analize
elements pertaining more to TYPEPARTIAL COST
civilization than to a given BULLET COST BULLET FILTERING MAINTENANCE
technique. In addition, the BUMPER BASE 100 BUMPER PLANT COSTS

collation would be between an Metallic 1000/0 51.6% 48.4% + 5.9%

even be structure
obsolete and might
(which _55T o
out of rules that Elastomeric 55.30/o 55.30/0 0 Totally offset by
i absorbtion market value of unspoiled
would only partially FRA.SA. 10 retrieved bullets metal
fulfill its function), and another
which is innovative, modern
totally meeting its function,
eand wear. Therefore, it is clear that basis). Recent experiences
offering in addition a number of the cost of the elastomeric show that the elastomeric
* considered a sort of innovation buffer completely equipped is mass composing FRA.SA. Io
*revenues". FRA.SA. 1, in fact, nearly the half (55.3%) of a needs movement and
besides being self-paying and balistic bullet buffer equipped filtering only for one hour
I having installation and with indispensable filtering out eight of training,
management costs by far devices, with enormous energy and
more inferior to obsolete The above table was elaborated mechanical wear saving, and
i structures, is also superior as for on the basis of 1986 an overall duration up to 10
mechanical and technical costs revalorized at 1987 (ISTAT times longer.