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A GUIDE TO
WARSAW PACT
GROUND FORCES
WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT

•
6 FIELD F O R C E GROUP
INTELLIGENCE UNIT

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IUPKX
TANKS Pag?

tt-76 Light Amphibious Reconnaissance Tank 2-3

R-55 Medium Tank 4-5
•:-62 MediuafcxSKntit 6-7
1-1970 Medium Tank 8-9
•:-IOM Heavy Tarfk?-b 10-11
KMT-5 Tank Mounted Mine Clearing Rollers and 12-13
> Ploughs
ASSAULT GUNS
ASU-57 Airbourne Assault Gun 14-15
ISU-85 Airborne Assault Gun 16-17
OliiOURKD RECONNAISSANCE VEHICLES " .
> U G O T - 6 5 Amphibious Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle 18-19
5UM-1 11 n it 11
20-21
3RJ3M-2 rt 11 ti 11
22-23
TUG M-197O Amphibious Armoured Reconnaissance Veh/APC 24-25
-3RIM-RKH Chemical Reconnaissance Vehicle 26-27
iRMOURKD PIFTSONNEL CARRIERS
"3TR- §OP Tracked Armoured Personnel Carrier 28-29
OT-62 Amphibious Armoured Personnel Carrier 30-31
PTS Tracked Amphibian 32-33
6TR-60P Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier 34-35
OT-64 Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier 36-37
MP Amphibious Armoured Infantry Combat V e h 38-39
ARTILLERY
120mm Mortar M1938, M1943 40-41
Mr-1955 100mm Field Gun 42-43
'4—30 122mm Howitzer M - 1 9 3 8 44-45
D-30 122mm Howitzer 46-47
D-20 152mm Gun Howitzer 48-49

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IS£SL
ROCKETS. --MISSILES
BM-21 122mm Socket Launcher (40 R d ) 50-51
SAGGER Anti-Tank Guided Missile 52-53
FROG-7 Free Rocket Over Ground 54-55
SCtfD-B Surface-to-Surface Guided Missile 56-57
SCUD-B On M A Z - 5 4 3 58-59
f_: SA-2 Guideline Suxface-to-A&ftiffliided
Missile irusT r, 60-61
SA-3 GOA Surface-to-Surface Guid«*&. Missile 62-63
S A - 4 GANEF " " " " " 64-65
S A - 6 GAINFUL " » •• » V 66-67
ANTJ-AlnCRAFT GUNS "
ZFU-4 14.5mm AAHMG 68-69
S-60 57mm AA Gun 70-71
ZSU-23-4 Self-.ttopelled Automatic MA A Gun 72-73
ZSU-57-2 " " " " 74-75
SOFT SKINNED'VEHICLES . • -
UAZ-69 Light Cargo and Personnel Carrier 76-77
ZIL-157 Medium Weight General Purpose Truck
6 x 6 78-79
UR-aL-375 General Purpose Truck 6 x 6 80-81 .
AT-L * Light Tracked Artillery Tractor 82-83 i
BRIDGING E^UIHiliuNT •
TMM" Truck Mounted Scissors Bridge 84-85
RIP Heavy Folding Pontoon Bridge 86-87
MTU ( T - 5 5 ) Tank Launched Bridge 88-89
GSP Heavy Amphibious Ferry 90-91
•alitChAFT FIXED WING
MIG-17" FRESCO ' 92-93 "
MIG-21 FISH BED 94-95

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SU-7 FITTER
TU-22 BLIWJMi
Y^-28 BREWER . .
"8 CiiMP . 1 0 2 _ 03
CUB , 104-105
ROTARY WING '

MI-1 HARE i n 7
MI-2 aOPLITE
MI-4 doum
;
S i S f 112-113
^ 114-115

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rOREffORJ

JgUnd.8 handbook has been produced to aid soldiers in

^ ^ c o g n i t i o n of military equipment of WARSAW Pact
origin.

Some of the equijraent illustrated in the handbook

(jay nov/ be superseded in WARSAW Pact front line
units, but m a y be employed by other countries
within our area of interest.

Air Int Section

School of Military Intelligence July 1975

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rc-76

AMPHIBIOUS TANK

A lightly armoured tank with excellent

amphibious characteristics. Water propulsion is by-
twin hydrojets.

Role: Light Reconnaissance T a n k .

CHARACTERISTICS

ViuHICLE
Weight 14 tons
Length 6910 mm
Width 3180 mm
Height 2190 m m
Speed: Land 44 km/h
Water ' 10 km/h
Range: Land 250 k m
Water 100 km _ '
Ground Pressure O.48 kg/cm (6.8 pis)
Armour: Glacis Plate 10 mm/80
Crew 3

•aRuiix<iKNT J

76 mm Tank Gun (40 rds)

7.62 mm Coaxial MG

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T-55

MEDIUM TAKK

Similar in most external respects to its

predecessor the T - 5 4 , the T-55 is the medium tank in
common use in the Warsaw Pact Countries. Both the T - 5 4
and T - 5 5 can be identified by a gap between the first
and second of the five road wheels.

A 580 BHP diesel engine powers the tank through

a rear drive sprocket. The gun is horizontally and
vertically stabilised.

Hole: Medium Combat Tank.

CHaRixCTcIilSTICS
V^OCLS

Weight 36 tons
Length 6450 mm
Width 3270 mm
Height 2400 m m
Speed 48 km/h
Range H400
w juii
km 2
Ground Pressure 0.8 kg/cm (11.4 pai)
Snorkel Depth
Armour: Glacis Plate
Crew 4

100 m m Tank Gun (43 E d s )

7.62 mm Coaxial M G
7.62 mm Hull M G

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T-62

MEDIUM TANK

The T-62 is replacing the T 5 4 / 5 5 series in the

Soviet Ariay. The primary improvement upon the T-55
is the mounting of a 115mm gun.

The T-62 can be readily distinguished from the T-55

by different road wheel spacing and a fume extractor two-
thirds of the way down the gun barrel.
A modified version of the T-62 exists with an AA
machine gun mounted on the loaders cupola.

Role: Medium Combat Tank

CfoutACTiaiSTICS

VEHICLE

Weight 36.5 tons

Length 6705 mm
Width 3352 mm
Height 2400 mm
Speed 48 km/h
Range 400 km
Ground Pressure 0 . 8 kg/cm ( 1 1 . 4 psi)
Armour: Glacis Plate 100 mm/60
SnbrkelsBepthLh 5 m
Crew 4
ARMaMKNT

115mm Smooth Bore Tank Gun (40 R d s )

7.62mm Coaxial M G

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M-1970

MEDIUM T M K

This tank has not yet been seen outside U S S R . It

may be the eventual successor to the T - 6 2 . The
suspension with six road wheels and three return rollers
distinguishes it immediately from the Christie suspension
of the T - 6 2 .

There are also differences in turret shape and

position while the commanders cupola is on the right of
the turret.

Role: iiedium Combat Tank.

CHJLB.CTJLRISTICS (ESTIM*TIJ)J

VEHICLE

Weight 40 tons
Length (less Gun) 7400 m m
Width 3300 mm')
Height 2460 m m '
Speed
Range
Ground Pressure
Armour: Glacis Plate 100 mntf-/70°

ARMAMENT

115 m m Smooth Sore Tank Gun

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T-10M

HEAVY TASK

The T-10M is recognisable b y its suspension

comprising seven road wheels and three return rollers and
its V-shaped glacis p l a t e . It replaces the original T-JO
aij^jliffers from it in that it has a modified turret with
J a ^ E i at the r e a r , 14.5 machine guns in place of the 12.7
models, and a multi-baffle instead of a double baffle
muzzle brake. It is equipped with infra-red driving and
sighting equipment and the gun is horizontally and
vertically stabilized.

Holes Soviet He^vy Tank

CHAllACTi^RISTICS .

VMICLE

Weight ... 52 tons

Length (less Gun) X 7040 m m
Width — 5
V 3566 m m
Hei^it 1
2430 m m I
Speed 42 km/h j
Range 250 km 9
C ^ ^ i d Pressure 0.78 kg/cm (11.4 p s i )
•Armour: Glacis Elate 420 m m
Crew 4

ARkhiiiEHT

122mm Tank Gun (30 R d s ) • ' .'

14.5mm Coaxial M G
14.5mm AAMG

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KLlT-5

T A M MOUNTED MIME CLEARING ROLLERS AND PLOUGHS

This mine clearing equipment can be mounted on

the T - 5 4 , T-55 or T-62 medium tanks. Two separate ploughs
are mounted, one in front of each track and are angled to
throw to the side of the tracks. Forward of the ploughs
are rollers. A device is attached Between the rollers to
detonate tilt rod m i n e s .

Role: Regimental Mine-Clearing Equipment.

MlMIi; CLEARING ROLLERS

CHARACTERISTICS

Weight 6.7 tons

Width of Swept Track 850 mm
Y.idth of Unswept Track 1700 m m
Operating Speed 8-12 km/h

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ASU-57

AIRBORUE ASSAULT GUN

The Light Assault §un ASU-57 can be dropped by-

Cargo Parachute in support of airborne f o r c e s .

It is lightly armoured but carries an effective

57™& anti-tank g u n .

Role: Anti-Tank Support for Airborne F o r c e s .

CHARbGT.CRISTICS

VEHICLE x

V«eight 3.4 tons

Length 3400 mm
V/idth 2086 m m
Height 1460 mm
Speed 45 km/ti
Range 250 km 2
Ground Pressure . G.35 k g / c m (5 psij
Armour 6 mm
Crew 3

ARivihi.i;-ii'<T «-*

57 m a Aswan It CGun

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ASU-85

AlELBOflKB ASSAULT GUN

Although not itself amphibious the chassis of the

ASU-85 is based upon the PT-76 amphibious t&iik.

It is equipped with a larger gun A M thicker

armour than the ASU-57. As a result of this increased
weight it cannot be air-dropped, but is air-landed.

Role: Anti-Tank Support for Airborne Forces,

qHAIUCTERISTICS

Vi..nT.Ciu'J

Weight 15 tons
Length 6000 mm
Width 2600 mm
Height 2100 mm
Speed 44 km/h
Range 250 k m 2
Ground rressure O.48 kg/cm (6.0 yeij
Armour: Glacis Plate 40 mm/60
Crew 4
^RiiihiyiiLlfT

85 mm Assault Gun
7.62 mm Coaxial Tank M G

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FUG OT-65

AuPHIBIOUS ARMOURED R E C O M A I S S A H C E VEHICLE

The FUG or O T - 6 5 is manufactured, in H u n g a r y . It

resembles the ERDM-1 but has a rear engine and two hydroject
instead of one. It has two pairs of belly w h e e l s .

Role: Armed and Chemical Reconnaissance, ambulance.

Used Hungarian, Polish and Czech xirmies.

CriiiilnCTrifllSTICS

VrjjlCLa

height 6.1 tons

Length 575C am
Width 2362 mm
Height 1500 m m
Speed: Land 67 km/h
Water S kffi/h
Range 500 km
Crew 5

iutiiijiiiiEjHT

7.62 am M G

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BRIM--]

AMPHIBIOUS *MRQURED RiX'ONMISbANCE Vii2iICL£

The basic amphibious scout car in service with

the w'arsaw Pact Countries. In addition to the main road
wheels it has four retractable belly wheels for increased
mobility, ftater propulsion is by single hyarojet. It is
powered by a 90 BKP engine front mounted.

Role: .firmed Reconnaissance, JiTGW Carrier, Chemical

Reconnaissance.

CiiarlfiCTiiiilSTICS

\ A-illi.C I ; r t

Weight 5.6 tons

Lengt h 5700 mm
"Width 2250 mm
Height 1900 mm
Speed: Land 80 W h
Water 5 km/h
Range 500 km
Crew 5
ARkAiynvNT

7.62 mm M G

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BRIM-2

AiuPHISIOUS ARMOURED RECONNAISSaNCE VEHICLE

The ERDM-2 differs from the BRDM-1 principally

in having a more powerful 140 BHP engine mounted in the
rear. A turret of the BTR-60PB type is fitted centrally.
Water propulsion is by single hydrojet. Belly wheels
are incorporated.

Role: Armed Reconnaissance, ATGW Carrier, Chemical

Reconnaissance.

QriA&tiCT^IaTICS

VEHLCLE

Weight 7 tons
Length 5500 mm
Width 2180 mm
•Height 2150 mm
Speed: Land 100 km/h
Water 10 km/h
Range 750 k m
Crew 4
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14.5 am Tank M G
7.62 ram Tank K G

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FUG M 1970

AIVXPHIBIOUS A R M O U R I I D H K C O M N A I S S A H C I I J VJJKICLE/APC

The FUG M1970 is derived from the OT-65 and

mounts a turret of Hungarian d e s i g n . Propulsion in water
is by twin hydrojets.

Role: Principally u s e d as an Armoured Personnel C a r r i e r .

CFLAHITCTIIILSTICS

ViiilCLE

height 7.4 tons

Length 5250 mm
width 2430 mm
Height 2520 m m
Speed: Land 80 km/h
V»ater 5 km/h
Range 600 km
Crew 2+6/7

A ri i.' ; <T

14.5 mm HHG
7 . 6 2 mm Coaxial M G

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 BRDM-..BKH

CIIUUVIICAL fiECOHiUI^biiNCK VEtilCL^

Both the BRIM and B R M - 2 nave- been codified for

the chemical reconnaissance role, -'h^; :?KH models carry two
flag dispensers, each holding twenty .'ja^s. the stowed
position they lie above the rear wiiawj arches while for
dispensing they hang at the rear of -iiv vehicle. The flags
can be dispensed for marking contanu.n^.>ed areas while the
vehicle is in motion. Other equipnteai. on the Bkh vehicle
includes nerve agent and radiation uluv-nia, and chemical
agent, biological and sadiac k i t s .

Role: Radiological/Chemical R e c o n n a i s s a n c e .

CHAftACTMISTICS (BRILl-RlUi,

VKHICLcjS

Y/eight 7 tons
Length (dispensers Stowed) 5750 am
iiidth 2350 mm
Height 2310 mm
Speed: Land
Water
Range 750 km
Armour 10 mm
Crew 4
•fcRktt ivii'.iMT

14.5 mm m ? 13Q
7.62 mm PKT MG

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BTK-5QF
r
TltaCKKD J-du,xCUj'.jL,D PjESOMISL CARRIER

This very mobile light a m p h i b i a tracked vehicle

is derived from the rT-76 tank. The or.i.i^w^i version had
an open fighting compartment but later ..sVtels have an
armoured r o o f . The covered topped Bill- c a n c a x r
y a
5 7, r^ anti-tank gun which can be fired i'iv« the vehicle
" -50FU is the command vehicle version.

Role: Armoured Personnel Carrier or Platform.

CHARc-CTiiSISTICS

VEHICLE

Weight 14.5 tons

Length 6510 mm
Width j180 mm
Height 1970 m m
Speed: Land 44 km/h
Water 10 km/h
Range 280 km r
Ground ftessure 0.52 kg/cm v
7 .3 ^si)
Grew 3+34 ^

iNT

7.62 mm M G

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 01-62

A&lPHIJBIOUS jutikiOURKD PERSOMttL &>RRm

OT-62 was first produced by the Czechs, basing

their design on the Soviet BTR-50PK. It differs from
the Soviet APG principally in having a second bay in front
v
and doors each side. It should not be confused with t i3
BIR-50HJ which also has two b a y s . The turret-less 0T-62A
is in service with the Czech and Polish Armies, A
turreted version mounting an 82mm recoilles gun and a
7.62 MG is known as the 0T-62.O and has only been seen in
C^sch service. 0T-62C (Top&s-Zap) is a recent Polish
irodel which mounts the same turret as the 0T-62C (2).

Role: APC in Czech and Polish Armies.

Oii^iTi^Ib/ICS
VryilCLE

VJeijht 16=4 tons

Lenr-rt h 7000 rum
width 3225 E2&
Height 2725 mm
Speed: Land 60 km/h
ft'ater 10.8 krn/h
Ground Pressure
Range 550 km
Armour
Crew 3+12

•tUli'iiimi '.'/ifT

14.5 mm KPVT M G
7.62 mm PKT M G

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FTS

TRACKED jiivLPHI-BlAN

Tne PTS is a full tracked unarmoured amphibious

transport vehicle. The suspension has six large road wneels
evenly spaced with centre track guides and no return rollers.
Water propulsion is by two propellors.

Hole : divisional Amphibious Transporter

CHARACTERISTICS

Weight 17,700kg
Length 11,600 mm
Width 3 >500 m m
Height 3,400 m m
Speed: Land 40 km/h
Water 10 km/h
Aange I, Land; 300 km ^
Ground Pressure (Laden) 0.6 kg/cm (8.5 psij
Payload: Land 12,000 k g
Water 15,000 k g
Personnel 50

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BTR-60F

WHFTFIT.FTO ARMOURED PERSOrilfEL CARRIER

This amphibious armoured personnel carrier has all

eight wheels driven by twin 90 BHP engines. Water
propulsion is by single hydro set. There are three j^PC
versions, the 3TR-60P with open fighting compartment, the
BTR-60PA with overhead armour and the BTR-60PB with a turret
tand 1 4 . 5 ^ M G .

Role: Armoured Personnel Carrier. There is also a command

version.

CHARACTERISTICS (BTR-6QPA)

VEHICLE

'weight 10 tons
Length 7200 m m
Width 2800 mm
Height 2340 mm
Speed: Land
Water
Range 500 km
Crew 2+14

'AR^-IENT

7.62 mm M G

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OT-64

WHEELED ARMOURED PERSONNEL CARRIER

This amphibious armoured personnel carrier is a

joint Czechoslovak/Polish development. Water propulsion
is by twin propellors. It is powered by a 180 BHP engine.
There are three versions, the OT-64A without a turret, the
OT-64B with a shielded mount for a 1 2 . 7 ™ UG and the
OT-64C with a small conical turret and both 14.5mm and
^ ^ 7.62mm M G . This series is easily distinguishable from the
BTR-60 series by the gap between front and rear pairs of
wheels.

Role: Armoured Personnel Carrier in Czech and Polish

Armies.

CariiLiCTiJitlaTICS (OT-64-A)

VEHICLE

Weight 14.,5 tons

Length 7450 mm
Width 2507 mm
Height 2320 mm
Speed: Land 50 W h •
Water 3 km/h
^ ^ Range 650 km
Crew 2 + 18

isILuiiuENT

Various

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BMP

AMPHIBIOUS ARMOuRi^D IMFAWTRY COMBAT VEHICLE

This vehicle represents a new class of armoured,

fighting vehicle in the Soviet A r m y . It combines the
features of a tracked amphibious armoured personnel
carrier with those of a light tank and an armoured anti-
tank fissile carrier.

The vehicle is provided with firing ports to

enable infantry to fire on the move, while for dismounted
combat they can exit through the rear doors.

Water propulsion is by shrouded tracks,

-lole: Armoured Personnel Carrier.

CHARACTERISTICS

VEHICLE

Weight 12.5 tons

Lenght 6300 mm
Width 3050 mm
Height 1830 mm
Speed: Land 60 km/h
Water 8 km/h
Range 500 km
Crew 3 + 8

'Armament

$6mm Short Recoil Gun

Coaxial 7.62 mm M G
agger ATGW

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12.0m MORThR

120mm iiiiCiRTiiRS M1938 AND Ml 943

The 120mm Mortar was first introduced in 1938. H,

is a very mobile equipment despite its weight as it is
easily attached to its transporter/limber. The stamped
circular base plate with five pronounced ribs is at the
rear of the limber when towed.

The ill943 differs slightly from the M1938

outwardly in having longer shock absorber cylinders. Both
fire and same amiaunition and have same performance.

Role: Infantry Regimental *.iortar.

CHIIRFCCTIIHISTICS

Calibre 120 mm
Length of Barrel 1854 mm
Length in Travel Position 2260 mm
Weight in Travel Position 500 kg
Rate of Fire 12-15 rpm
Maximum Range 5700 m
Minimum Range 46O
Crew 6

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100mm M-1955

FIELD GUN

The". M-1955 is a rifled 100mm gun mounted on a field

type carriage and fitted with a multi-perforated bell-
shaped muzzle brake. The recoil mechanism is situated over
the barrel behind the shield forward of the angled breech
ring. The trails are of box section. The gun is used
by most Warsaw Pact Armies, but is being replaced by the
1 - 1 2 . Infra-red night sights are often fitted.

Role: Field and Anti-Tank G u n .

CiirJttiCTEKlisTICS

Calibre 100 mm
Length in Travel Position 9000 mm
Weight in Travel Position 3000 kg
Sate of Fire 7 rpm
iiajciiriuin Range 21,000 m
w&ximum Range APEE 1080 m
(Direct Fire) HEAT 1000 m
Armour Penetration AFHE 185 mm
(0° at 1000 m ) 380 mm
Crew 6

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M- 30

122m HOWITZER M-1938

As its nomenclature imples the M-30 was

introduced into the Soviet Army before World War I I .
It is found in many Warsaw Pact and other Armies. In
GSFG it has been replaced by the D - 3 0 .

It is mounted on the same type of carriage as the

152 mm D-1 Howitzer, but it may be distinuished from the
larger gun by having no muzzle brake.

Distinguishing features are the double box trail

and the recoil mechanism above and below the barrel forward
of the shield.

Roles Divisiona.1 Close Support Weapon.

r
Cj-.mR.tt.CT.CJTI b f I C S

Calibre 122 mm
Length in Travel Position GC00 mm.
V/eight in Travel Position 2450 kg
Rate of Fire 8 rpm
iiiaximum Range 11800 m
Maximum Range Heat 630 m
(Direct Fire J
Armour Penetration Heat 200 mm
(0°)
Crew 8

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199mm HOWITZER

The D-30 has a triple trail on which it stands in

the firing position giving 360 traverse. It is towed
muzzle first, with the trails forward, by a towing hook
fwhich is on the barrel. Other recognition features are
•the small shield, conspicuous recoil system above the
barrel and large multibaffle brake. The D-30 howitzer
is also used in the direct fire role.

Role: Divisional Close Support weapon.

CEARACTuktltjTICa
Calibre 122 mm '
Length in Travel Position 5400 mm
weight in Travel Position 3210 k g
Rate of Pire 7-S rpm
Maximum Range 15»300 m
Maximum Range Heat 600 m
(Direct Pire)
Armour Penetration Heat 460 iiun

\Crew 7

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I)- 20

1 SPrnm GUN HOWITZER

The D-20 is a standard equipment in the Soviet

Army.

It is recognisable by its short barrel and large

double baffle muzzle brake. The two recoil cylinders are
mounted above the barrel and lie fore and aft of the shield.

The use of the firing platform and the castor

wheels on the trails enables the crew to traverse the
gun through 360 .

Role: Long Range Support Gun/Howitzer of Soviet Front and

Army Artillery.

CiLiRjiCTLRISTICS

Calibre 152.4 1™
Length in Travel Position 8600 mm
Weight in 'Travel Position 5550 k g
Rate of Eire 4
Llaximum Range 17,200 m
ilaximum Range AP-T 800 m
(Direct Fire)
.armour Penetration AP-T 124 mm
(0° at 1000m)
Crew 10

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BM-21

122mm ROCKET LAUNCHER (40 R O U N D )

The launcher is mounted on the URAL-375 truck

which is described on ^age 8 0 .

The forty tubes are arranged in four rows of t e n .

In addition to the Soviet Forces it has b e e n

issued to the Polish and East German Armies.

Role: Divisional Rocket Artillery.

CJAPutCTERIdTICS

VEHICLE

Weight -IIIH launc'; 1.1,500 kg

and 40 rockets
Length 7350 mm
Width 2690 mm
Height 2850 mm
Speed 7 5 km/h
Range 400 1cm

LAUNCHER

Weight 3500 k g
Crew 6
SOCKET

Calibre 122 mm (40 r d s )

Range 20,500 m +

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SiiGGER

aNTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILE

The SAGGER is the newest Soviet Anti-Tank Guided

Missile. The missile is wire-guided and is propelled by a
single-stage solid fuel motor.

Three different launching systems are provided.

There is a man pack single launcher which is placed on the .
ground for firing. BMP, the amphibious armoured infantry
combat vehicle mounts a launcher on its 76mm gun barrel.

The third system is a set of six launchers mounted

on a suitably adapted BRDL1-1 or 2.

Role: Anti-Tank Weapon

CiLoRiiCTiuUlbTICS
({JII BD.DKI~.-IJ

VjiHICLE

weight 5.6 tons

Length 5700 ran
Width 2250 mm
Height 200G mm
Speed: Land

Range 500 km
Crew 2

(5)

Length 700 mm
Range 3000 m

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FROG-7

FREE ROCKET OVER GROUKD

FROG-7 is replacing earlier types of Surfac*.

Surface Free Flight Rockets in the Soviet Army and thos
of other Warsaw Pact countries.

Unlike its predecessors the FROG-7 is mounted

wheeled chassis, the large 8 x 8 ZIL-135, and is comple
with transloader, erector and launcher.

Role: Divisional Rocket Artillery.

CHARACTERISTICS

VEHICLE (with launcher and rocket)

Weight 20 tons
Length 10750 m a
Width 2800 tan
Height 366O tm
Speed 65 IOH/H
Range 500 ksh

ROCKET

Length 51 CO act
Range 65,M/> s

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SCUB-B

SURFACE-TO-SURFACE GUIDED MISSILE SS--)C

The SS-1 SCUD Surface-to-Surface Ballistic

itissiles are short r a n g e , single stage and are powered
by storeable liquid propellants.

The earlier missiles were transported on a het

tracked hull of the JS type with six road wheels and tt
^ ^ return rollers. The SCUD A is distinguished from the
V^J longer range SCUD B i n mounting one instead of two air
bottles on the hull. The transporter vehicle also acts
as erector and launcher for the missile. SCUD missileE
are used by all armies of the 'Warsaw Pact.

Role: Front and Army Unclear Delivery iuissile

Range 280 Km
"Warheads Ivuclear
Chemical
HE

>o

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SCUD—3 CN nLtiZu-543

SURFACE-TO-SUAJFaCE GUIDED aISSILE SS_1 C

In recent years the SCUD B missile has appeared

on a new Transporter-Erector-Launcher based on the L1AZ-543
8 x 8 truck. This vehicle improves the overall mobility of
the system while impairing little of its cross-country
mobility compared with the tracked version.

Role: Front and Army Nuclear Delivery ALissile.

CHiixUCT^iISIICS

Range 280 km
Warheads Nuclear
Chemical

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SA-2 GUIDELINE

SURFACE-TO—alR GUIDED MISSILE

The SA-2 Missile system is transportable.

Guideline two stage guided missiles are carri-ed on re-supply
semi-trailers towed by ZIL-15JV tractors.

The missile booster of the GUIDELINE has a solid

^ y r o p e l l a n t but the sustainer has a liquid propellant. The
/ ^ p i s s i l e s are assembled before being transported to the
launchers.

Role*. . iiedium Range Air Defence SAM.

The missiles are fired from single missile launchers

in battery groups of six arranged in a star formation
around a centrally-located radar.

The system has been in operation for many years and

has been successively modified. It is in service with all
Warsaw I act countries, and with several Middle East and
jisian Nations.

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SA—3 GOA

SURFaCE-TO-AIR GUIDED MIS5ILS

SA-3 GOA is a two-stage solid fuel guided

missile. The missiles are transported in pairs on modified
ZIL-157 trucks from which they are transferred to
launchers.

The SA-3 system has been in service for about a

decade and is found in mapy Warsaw Pact, and in some
Middle East countries.

Role: Low to medium Altitude Air Defence SAM

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 SA-4 GAKEE'

SURFACE-TO-AIR GUIDED MISSILE

The SA-4 is a mobile Tracked Field Army missile

system. Two GANEF missiles are mounted on a tracked hull
which has seven road wheels and four return rollers. The
launcher is capable of 3&0 traverse. The acquisition and
fire control equipments are also tracked.

The GAUEF missile is of the liquid fuel ramjet

cruise type with four solid propellant booster motors
disposed around the tail.

Role: Medium Altibu&e, Medium .Range Mobile Air Defence SAM.

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SA-6 GAINFUL

SURFACE-TO-AIR GUIDED MISSILE

SA-6 is a mobile tracked missile system

supplementing SA-4 in field formation. Three missiles
are carried with their noses pointing to the rear on a
six-wheeled tracked hull similar to that of ZSU-23-4-
The missiles can be traversed through 36O on the hull

Role: Low/lie dium Altitude, fedium Range Liobile Air

Defence SAM.

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ZFU-4

14.Smm AAHMG

This is the four-barrelled, version of the KPV

heavy machine gun mounted, on a four-wheeled trailer. In
the firing position the weapon is lowered onto jacks.
The guns are recoil operated and air cooled.

The ZFU-4 is being used by most of the Warsaw Pact

Forces but is being gradually replaced in many units by the
newer and more powerful ZU-23.

Role: Regimental Air Defence HUG.

Ur^rUCTrR ISTICS

Calibre 14-5 mm
Weight in Travel Position 1810 21131
kg
Length in Travel Position 4633
Rate of Fire per Barrel
Cyclic 600 rpm
Practical 15C xprn
Effective Slant Range 1400 m
Erosectile Weight (^PI) 64.6 g
Armour Penetration 32 mm
) (0° at 500m)
Crew 4

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S-6.0

TJFMM A A GLTN

The S-60 is the main air defence artillery gun of

the Warsaw Pact.

The S-60 is a clip-fed recoil operated gun, which

has the same barrel as the ZSU-57-2. It is normally
tov/ed by the URAL-375 truck. Fire control is either by
the on-carriage optical system or by off-carriage 'fire
can radars using the PTJAZ0-6/60 director.

The S-60 may be recognized by its long barrel,

multi-perforated muzzle brake, and four wheeled carriage
with suspension system at 45 to the horizontal.

Hole: Divisional Anti-Aircaft Gun.

CC^ILICTRILLSTICS

Calibre 57 mm
Weight in Travel Position 4880 kg
Length in Travel Position 8500 ma
Rate of Fire: Cyclic 105-120 rpm
Practical 70 rpm
Effective Slant Range 6000 m
Projectile Weight (HE) 2.8 kg
ivnti-Tank Role:
Range (Direct Fire; 1100 m
Penetration (0° at 1000 ,)
m. 106 m
Crew 7

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ZSU-23-4

p ^mm SELF-PROPELLED AUTOMATIC AML-ALRC&APT GUN

The gun system is mounted on a light tracked

chasis based on the PT-76 tank.

The turret mounts four 23mm automatic guns and a

: large dish-shaped fire-control radar. The radar is lowered
when travelling.

Role: Defence System Against Low-Flying Aircraft.

CKRILICTER I S T I C S

VEHICLE

Weight 14 tons
Length 6000 mm
Width 2800 mm
Height (radar down) 2440 mm
Road Speed 44 km
Range 250 km ^
Ground Pressure O.48 kg/cm (6.8 psi)
Crew 4

^ ^ ARM^EMT

Quad 23mm Automatic AA Guns

Rate of Fire 800-1000 rpm per barrel

Traverse 360°
Slant Range 3000 m

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ZSU-57-2

S7mm SELF-HIO^LLRII) AJTOI^TIC AKTI-AIRCRAFQ? GUN

a modified twin version cf the 57^ automatic

anti-aircraft gun is mounted on a medium tracked chasis
based on the T-54 tank.

Role: Defence against aircraft and can also be used in a

ground role against personnel and tanks.

Cn-^UCTi^RIbTICS

ViuxilCLE

Weight 23.1 tons

Length 6220 m m
Vridth 3270 cm
Height 2750 mm
"peea 48 km/h
Range 400 Ion ^
Ground Pressure O.63 kg/cm (9.0 psi)
Crew 6

^XuirtiviKCT

Twin 5 7 ™ automatic An gun S-68

Rate of Fire 240 rpm
Traverse 36'CP
Range 4000 m

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UAZ-69

y-i LIGriT CxiRGO aND rERSOijl'faL CARRIER

The vehicle has been in service with the Soviet

Army since World. War II. The UAZ-69 proper is a light
cargo and personnel carrier, frequently used for radio -
communication roles, while the UAZ-69A is a passenger
vehicle.

Role: Light Cargo and Personnel Carrier.

CHAftflCTjtRISTICS

Weight 1525 kg
Length 3350 mm
Engine 55 BHP 4 cyl in line
ietrol M-20
^peed yO ki^/h
Range 455 KM
Payload 500 kg

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^-157
U E D E M WEIGHT GENERAL PURPOSE TRUCK 6 ,X 6

The ZIL-157 is widely used in the Soviet Army as

a general purpose lead carrier and artillery towing vehicle
It is also used as a bridging carrier and the chassis has
been used to mount a wide variety of box bodies. A cab-
controlled tyre pressure regulator is an added facility
for cross-country operation.

Me: General Service -iedium Weight Truck

CHARACTERISTICS

Weight 5450 kg
Length 6684
Engine 10$ xsHP 6 cyl in line
Petrol
Range 430 km
Speed 65 km/h
Payload 4,500 k g

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GEHERAL HJRPOSE TRUCK 6 / 6

The URAL-375 appeal-a in truck and tractor forms and

is widely used in the Soviet and East German Armies. It has
a three-seater cab. iimongs; its uses are missile transporter,
21 platform, crane track and cnassis for a variety of box
^jodies. tyre pressure regulation device is incorporated.

Role: General Service Truck

CiinR^CTjiilSTICS

weight 8400 kg
Length 7350 mm
Engine 175 BHP V-8 cyl petrol
Speed 75 km/h
Range 405 km
Payload 4,500 kg

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ri'T-L

LIGHT TRACKEE ^VTILLERY TRIICTUR

AT-L consists of a conventional truck-type cab

and. cargo compartment mounted on a fully tracked chassis.
There is an earlier version with six road-wheels and three
return rollers. AI-L has been used as a prime-mover for
heavy mortars and howitzers for many years, but its role
is now being assumed by 6 x 6 trucks.

Role: Light Tracked Prime iilover for Artillery Equipments.

CHfuttiCTi^RIbilCb

Weight 6.3 tons

Length 3120 mm
Speed 42 km/h
Payload 2000 k g
I^ax Towed Load 6000 kg
r-
Ground Pressure V.
0.6 kg/cm (8.5 psi;
Range 425 km

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TMM

TRUCK l»iOUNTED SCISSORS BRIDGE

The T^Lvi heavy mechanised bridge is a set consisting

of four spans carried on and launched from modified KjjAZ-214
—(6 x 6) trucks. The four units of each set can be joined
jnd to end to cross gaps of up to 40 m in width and 3 m in
depth. Recently spans have been carried on the KrAZ 255B
chassis.

Role: Divisional and Regimental Engineering Bridging

equipment.

CHARACTERISTICS

Capacity 60 tons
ifomber of Units/Set 4
Span/Unit 10 ai
Span/Set 40 m
Roadway Width 3.8 m
Trestle Leg Height 3 m
Launch Time 35-40 mins
Chassis Kr.aZ-214/fcrAZ 255B
Weight of Span and Chassis 19,000 k g

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 PMP

HEUVY FOLDING PONTOON BRIDGE

The bridge set consists of 16 rectangular river

pontoons and two tapered shore p o n t o o n s . E a c h p o n t o o n is
in four hinged sections which permits the p o n t o o n to be
folded for t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . When the pontoons are
connected they form a continuous strip of floating roadway

Launching pontoons is accomplished by disengaging

travel locks, b a c k i n g the truck down to the r i v e r b a n k arid
braking s h a r p l y . The pontoon slides off rollers into the
roller where it opens automatically. The pontoons are the
manoeuvred by power boat to assemble the b r i d g e . Ferries
can also be assembled from p o n t o o n s .

Hole: Divisional Engineer Bridging E q u i p m e n t .

CHARACTERISTICS

Number of Pontoons/Set 2 Shore/16 R i v e r

Bridge Capacity 60 tons (20 tons if pontoons
split)
Span/Pontoon 6.7 m
Span/Set 118.6 m
Rate of Assembly 7m/rain
Chassis KRAZ-214> and other types
"iver Pontoon Weight 5.84 tons

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V /
 MTU (T-55)

TANK LAUNCHED BRIDGE

The equipment consists of a single span box-type

girder treadway bridge mounted on a modified T-55 tank.
Before launching, the ends of the bridge are folded out
and a chain drive then moves the bridge forward over a
cantilever launching girder unit the far bank is reached.

ole: divisional and Regimental Engineer Bridging

Equipment.

CHARTTICTJ^RISTICS

Capacity 50 tons
Effective Span 19 m
Roadway Yiidth 3.6 ni
Chassis T-55
Weight of Bridge and Chassis 35 tons
Height on Vehicle 3.3 21
Launch Time 3 min

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GSP

HEAVY AMPHIBIOUS Fi^RRY

The two tracked vehicles which make u p the G S P

heavy amphibious ferry are right and left components of
the f e r r y . When in the water the vehicles join together
and the inverted pontoons rotate outwards to the float
position.

Role: Divisional amphibious F e r r y .

CHARACTJIiRISTICS

^IIIGLE VEHXCIJE

Weight 16 tons
length 12, -DC iam
Width 3,200 mm
Height 3000 m m
Speed: Land
Water
Capacity
(complete Ferry; 50 tons

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MIG-17

FRESCO

FRESCO is an obsolescent single seat jet fighter/

ground attack aircraft still used in considerable numbers
in the Soviet occupied zone of Germany and in Poland. Its
use will probably be confined to ground attack in the region
of the FEBA due to its very limited radius of action. It
" " highly manoeuvreable and will probably be a very
w.fficult target to hit.

CHARACTERISTICS

BTitTErfolGHS

Wing Span 9.6 m

Fuselage 11.6m

•niRFORiiiciNCE

Max Speed at SL 580 kts

Radius of action 500 m m

rtR mhiili'iifr

Various
[
,- ' oads Could
J
Be
1 x 37 nun Cannbri and 2 x 23 mm Cannon
3 x 23 u Cannon
2 x 250 k g Bomb
Rockets

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MIG-21

FISHBED

FISHBED is the standard single-seat, singlfe

engined, interceptor fighter in use in the Soviet occupied
zone. It is also in use i n the Middle East and A s i a .
It has a secondary role of ground attack and the H version
u s e s external pods for reconnaissance. Only minor
differences exist between v a r i a n t s .

CHARACTERISTICS

DLAENSIOHS

Wing Span 7«3 ni

Fuselage (excluding nose
probe and intake
entre body) 13.46 a

PERFORMANCE

Max Level Speed above 11,000 m M a c h 2.1 (2,230 km/hj

Ceiling 18,000 m
Radius of Action 400 nm

ARMAMEHT

V a r i o u s , Typical Loads:
2 or 4 ^ ^ and- 1 x 20mm Cannon
U p to 4 x 250 k g Bombs
Up to 4 x 16 Shot 57 m m FFAR
Up to 4 3C 240 m m A G unguided rockets.

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FITTER

FITTER is a single seat ground attack fighter

used extensively i n the Soviet occupied zone of G e r m a n y .
It is powered b y a single Turbo J e t . Two cannons are
fitted internally but the remainder of armament stores are
carried on four w i n g and two fuselage p y l o n s .

CHaRiiCTi^RISTICS

DIMENSIONS

Wing Span 8.93

Length Overall 17* 37 m

PERFORMANCE

M a x Level Speed at 15,000m

(Clean) M a c h 1.7
M a x Level Speed at 15,000m
(with External Stores) M a c h 1.2 (1,270 tea/h)
Combat Radius 320-480 k m

ASJUIAMTNUR

2 x 30 m m Cannon
.. Probably u p to 4 x 500 k g Bombs
or or 4 x 16 Shot 57mm Rocket Pods
and other air t o ground w e a p o n s .

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TU-22

BLINDER

BLINDER is a twin-^et supersonic bomber used by

the Soviet Long Range Air Force and the Soviet Naval Air
Force. It carries air to surface missiles or free flight
bombs. There is also a reconnaissance .variant.

CiinRj.CTxiiISTICS

PULSIONS

Wing Span 27.70 m

Length 0vera.il 40.53 m

i^ktFU^uiNCE

iiax Level Speed at 12,200m tiach 1.4 ("1480 km/h)

Service Ceiling 18,300 m
I«ax Range 2,250 km

1 x 30 mm Cannon 'in Tail Turret

ASM Version - 1 Kitchen
Bomber Version - 6 x 500 kg Bombs

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BREWER

The most likely version of the YAK-28 to be seen

in the forward area is the BREWER D . However the fighter
v e r s i o n , the firebar armed only with A A H may be sighted.
The BREWER I) has a glazed n o s e , i n contrast to the solid
radome of the f i r e b a r , and is u s e d for reconnaissance.
BREWER D and C are strike/reconnaissance aircraft which
~ 11 also be seen in the forward a r e a .

CHARACTERISTICS

DlivLEiSlOITS

Wing Span 12.95 m

Length Overall 21.65 m

PER PGRivlAliCE

LSax Level Speed at 10,670m loach 1.1 (1,180 k m / h )

Combat Radius 925 k m

1 x Cannon
3,00C k g of Bombs

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Afl-8

CAMP (ANTONOV A N - 8 )

Camp is a twin-engined fflilitaxy transport aircraf

powered by two turbo-prop engineB. It can be expected to
operate in the airborne assault carrying 60 troops or
11,800 k g of cargo which may be discharged through
tail doors.

CEaHuCTiLRISTICS

DIMEHSICHS

Wing Span 38 m
Fuselage 30.5 m

PERFORMANCE

Max SL Speed (Est) 270 kts

mtinrtuujl'iT

2 z 23 m Cannon in Tail Turret

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AN-12

CUB (ANTONOV A N - 1 2 )

CUB is the standard medium range transport aircraft

of the Soviet Air F o r c e . It is a four-engined turbo-prop
aircraft capable of carrying 90 troops or 60 p a r a t r o o p s .
When used in freighting it can carry 20,000 k g in a hold of
dimensions 13.4m long by 3m high by 2.4m w i d e .

C CHiiRaCTERISTICS

DIMENSIONS

Wing Span 38 m m
Fuselage 33.5
PERFORMANCE

M a x Cruising Speed - 3&1 k t s

Ceiling 10,200 m
Take off Run 700 m (Civil Version 850 m )
Landing R u n 500 ra (Civil Version 660 m )
Range with Max. Payload 3>600 km

ARiniKiiiViWT

2 x 23mm Cannon in Tail Turret

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MI-1

HARE

HARE is powered b y a single air cooled radial

engine which limits its carrying capacity to a single pilot
and three passengers. It is in extensive use in Eastern
E u r o p e , the Middle East and C u b a .

CHARACTERISTICS

DIMENSIONS

Diameter of Main R o t o r 14 m
Length of Fuselage 11,8 m

PERFORMANCE

Average Cruising Speed 80 kts

Normal Pay Load 154 k g
Radius of Action 100 nm

Possible LMG and/or posssiyl* Anti-Tank Missiles.

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MI-2

HOPLIEE

HOPLITE is the twin gas turbine powered

development of the HARE (MI-1J and is used extensively
for reconnaissance, liaison and light transport duties.
It can lift 6 passengers or 635 k g of freight.

CEARACTIJRISTICS
ODIMENSIONS
Diameter of idain Rotor 14*4 m
Length of fuselage 11.2 m

PEtUTORukiN CE

Max Level Speed at Sea. Level 120 kts

M a x Payload 700 kg
Radius of Action $0 nm

•tkR^iAMEHT ' v,

Nil

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Midi

HOUND

HOUND has a single air cooled radial engine. It is

a standard helicopter in service with the Warsaw Pact Forces
carrying u p to 14 troops or 1600 k g of freight. Loads
such as a GAZ-69 or 76m anti-tank gun m a y "be carried
internally. The military version of HOUND is u s u a l l y seen
/ ^ t t e d with a bathtub shaped gondola below the forward
Nriiselage.

CKttRACTiJftlSTICS

DIMENSIONS

Diameter of Main Rotor 21 m

Length of Fuselage 16.8 m

PERFORMANCE

Max Level Speed 110 kts

Radius of action 110 ran

•hRl.iALHill'JT

A flexibly mounted 12.7 mm M G m a y be installed in the

.lower front of the gondola and possibly 4 * 1 6 Shot
mm Eocket Pods possibly A T G W .

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MI-6

HOOK

HOOK is a heavy transport helicopter powered "by

two turboshaft engines and sometimes fitted with stub
wings which relieve the load on the main rotor at cruise
spee ' It can carry 12,000 k g of freight or 65
passengers. It has large rear clam shell doors and a
loading ramp as well as side exits. With its expansive
cabin and loading arrangements, Hook is particularly
suitable for transporting lengthy items such as missile
components and wheeled equipment in close support.

CHARACTERISTICS

DIMENSIONS

Diameter of Main Rotor 35 m

Length of Fuselage 33.18 m

PERFORMANCE

Max Level Speed 300 k m / h

Service Ceiling 4,500 m
Rang' ^fith 6,000 k g Payload 650 k m

A 12.7 mm M G m a y b e fitted u n d e r the n o s e .

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aqooid xa
ifexail lo
B&'Z'ZS 9C[
Oil 1,3 ',«»

....

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MI-8

HIP

•tilP is a twin turboshaft engined helicopter in the

m e d i u m size r a n g e . It oun carry 24 troops or u p to 4,000 k£
of freight if the f u e l load is r e s t r i c t e d . It is likely to
^ b e armed and u s e d in the airborne assault r o l e . It has reai
^ J l a m shell doors in addition to a side passenger door and
is replacing H O U N D .

_ CHjiRaCTERISTICS
•v'WT''--

DIMENSIONS
m
Diameter of M a i n R o t o r . 21.29
Length of Fuselage 18.31 m

PEftFORHuiNCE

M a x Level Speed 250 k m / b

Range (Dependent o n T y p e ) 4 2 5 - 4 0 0 lea

ARMAMENT

4 x 16 Shot 57m R o c k e t Pods

r-^x 6 x A T G W
K^Jc 4 x 120 k g B o m b s

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