READING 1

Yellowstone
Yellowstone is in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana. It became the
firstNational Park in 1872. There are geysers and hot springs at Yellowstone. There are
also many animals atYellowstone. There are elk, bison, sheep, grizzly bears, black
bears, moose, coyotes, and more.
More than 3 million people visit Yellowstone National Park each year. During the
winter, visitors can skior go snowmobiling there. There are also snow coaches that give
tours. Visitors can see steam (vapor water)come from the geysers. During other seasons,
visitors can go boating or fishing. People can ride horses there.
There are nature trails and tours. Most visitors want to see Old Faithful, a very
predictable geyser at Yellowstone.
Visitors can check a schedule to see the exact time that Old Faithful is going to erupt.
There are many other geysers and boiling springs in the area. Great Fountain Geyser
erupts every 11 hours. Excelsior Geyser produces4,000 gallons of boiling water each
minute! Boiling water is 100 degrees Celsius, or 212 degrees Fahrenheit –that’s very
hot! People also like to see the Grand Prismatic Spring. It is the largest hot spring in the
park. It hasmany beautiful colors. The beautiful colors are caused by bacteria in the
water. These are forms of life that have only one cell. Different bacteria live in different
water temperatures. Visiting Yellowstone National Park can be a week–long vacation or
more. It is beautiful, and there are activities for everyone.

What is Yellowstone?
A park A geyser A mountain A hot spring

Old Faithful is a…
river. trail. passage. geyser.

Great Fountain Geyser erupts every 11…

minutes hours days month

The largest hotspring in the park is…

Excelsior Old Faithful Great Fountain Grand
Prismatic

What causes colors in the springs?

Sunlight bacteria eruptions temperatures

Steam is…
Snow running water freezing water water in vapor
form

Somethingpredictable is something…
people enjoy people talk about people know in advance
people pay for in advance

What are bacteria?

Forms of life with one cell Multi-celled organisms Sunshine
Various types of water
You may need ______________________________ to visit the park.
Seven days or more Four days Five days Six days

During the winter, visitors can

go boating or fishing ride horses go snow mobiling visit the park

READING 2
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 in the area of Florence, Italy. He did many things. He was a
scientist. He was an inventor - he made new things. He was a musician. He was a
mathematician. He was anarchitect – he knew how to plan the construction of buildings. He
knew about animals. He knew about plants.He could do many things well. He was very
talented.He was famous for his painting. He painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. They
are his mostfamous paintings. Many people know about them. He started working on The Last
Supper in 1495 in Milan. Hefinished it in 1498. He started working on the Mona Lisa in 1503 in
Italy. He finished it a short time before hedied. It is now in France.
Leonardo’s paintings were very good. He understood how bodies worked. He knew how happy
or sadpeople looked. He knew how emotion looked on people’s faces. He understood nature,
light, and shadow. Hispaintings looked real.
Leonardo had many ideas for inventions. He drew plans for a helicopter. He drew plans for a
tank. Hehad an idea for a calculator. He had an idea for making solar power, which is power
that comes from the sun.
Leonardo lived at the same time as Michelangelo and Raphael. He was 27 years older than
Michelangelo. He was 31 years older than Raphael. Leonardo died in 1519.

When did Leonardo start the Mona Lisa?

1495 1498 1503 1519
Where is the Mona Lisa now?
In Florence In France In Milan They don’t know

What was one of Leonardo’s talents?

He could dance He was a pilot He could cook He knew math

What was one of Leonardo’s ideas?

He drew plans for a helicopter He made drawings of a TV
He got power from plants He built a zoo

Michelangelo was 27 years younger than…

Raphael Aristotle Socrates Leonardo

He died__________
And then Michelangelo finished The Mona Lisa.
A little time later he finished The Mona Lisa.“After” is better word than later
After finishing The Last Supper.
Some years later he finished The Mona Lisa.

He also had ideas for making tanks, solar power and ____________
Computers calculators light plants

Leonardo took about ________________to finish The Supper./The Last Supper is better.
Three months three years not mentioned four years
His paintings looked real because __________________________________
He knew a lot about people’s problems.
He drew the nature, the light and shadows
He understood people’s facial expressions
He only drew people’s faces

Leonardo died ………………………..

when he was 31 years old
31 years after Rafael
in 1519
At the same time as Raphael and Michelangelo..

READING 3
Movie Ratings
A PG-13 rating is an advisory supplied by the Ratings Board to parents to determine whether
children under age 13 should view the motion picture, as some material might not be suitable
for them. A PG-13 motionpicture may go beyond the PG rating in theme, violence, nudity,
sensuality, language, adult activities or otherelements, but does not reach the restricted R
category. The themes of the motion picture by itself will not result in a rating greater than PG-
13, although representations of activities related to a mature theme may result in a restricted
rating for the motion picture. Any drug use will initially require at least a PG-13 rating. More
than brief nudity will require at least a PG-13 rating, but such nudity in a PG-13 rated motion
picture generally will not be sexually oriented. There may be representations of violence in a
PG-13 movie, but generally not both realistic and extreme or persistent violence. A motion
picture’s single use of one of the stricter sexually-derived words,though only as an expletive,
initially requires at least a PG-13 rating. More than one such usage requires an Rrating.
Nevertheless, the ratings board may rate such a motion picture PG-13 if, based on a special
vote by a two-thirds majority, the raters feel that most American parents would believe that a
PG-13 rating is appropriate because of the context or manner in which the words are used or
because the use of those words in the motionpicture is modest.

What is the main goal of this passage?

To mention various movie ratings.
To explain various movie ratings.
To explain the difference betweenPG-13 and R movie ratings.
To explain the PG-13 movie rating.

The theme of the movie____________________

has little impact on its rating
has a large impact on its rating
should be entertaining
should be suitable for children

Drug usage_____________________
should not be allowed in movies.
is scary.
warrants a PG-13 rating.
All of the above.

More than brief nudity…

requires a PG-13 rating.
must not be sexually oriented in PG-13 rated movies.
requires an R rating.
Both A and B are correct.

A movie with 2 uses of expletives…

requires a PG rating.
requires a PG-13 rating.
requires an R rating.
requires an NC-17 rating.

The way something is oriented involvesthe way it is

positioned or directed.
maintained or upheld.
forecasted or predicted.
born or raised.

If something is derived, it…

is given away.
is taken from something else.
is taken organically.
comes from its own source.

What is PG-13 rating?

It’s a suggestion given by the rating board to ask parents decide on the movies for their
children.
It’s a rating board which decides if the movies are good or not.
It’s a list of movies from which parents can choose their own movies.
It’s a rating board in which the children decide what movie to see.

If there should be more than two words of expletive language, __________

Then an R rating is required.
Then a G rating is required.
Then an NC-13 rating is required
None of the above

A PG-13 rating movie might accept____________________

Any kinds of representations.
Violence in an unrealistic way.
Images sexually oriented.
None of the above.

READING 4
THE TELEVISION

Many people worked to create television. In 1862, Abbe Giovanna Caselli invented a machine
called the Pantelograph. Caselli was the first person to send a picture over wires. By the 1880s,
Alexander Graham Bell invented a machine that transmitted pictures and sound over wires. His
machine was called the Photophone.
The World’s Fair was held in Paris, France, in the year 1900. The first International Congress of
Electricity was held at the World’s Fair. That was when the word television was first used – by
a Russian named Constantine Perskyi. That name stuck, and is now shortened to “TV.”
At the beginning of TV history, there were several types of TV technology. One system was a
mechanical model based on a rotating disc. (Rotating discs are discs that spin like CDs.) The
other system was an electronic model. In 1906, Boris Rosing built the first working mechanical
TV in Russia. In the 1920s, John Logie Baird in England and Charles Francis Jenkins in the United
States demonstrated improved mechanical systems. Philo Taylor Farnsworth also showed an
electronic system in San Francisco in 1927. His TV was the forerunner of today’s TV, which is an
electronic system based on his ideas.Now TV is everywhere. Before 1947, there were only

Who firstsent a picture over wires?

Boris Rosing John Logie Baird Abbe Giovanna Caselli Alexander Graham Bell
The word television was first used in…
1862. 1880. 1900. 1906.
The 1900 World’sFair was in…
Moscow, Russia. London, England. Paris, France. ew York, United States.
Who inventedthePhoto phone?
Abbe Giovanna Caselli Charles Francis Jenkins Alexander Graham Bell
Philo Taylor Farnsworth
How many TVs were inthe US in 1945?
A few hundred A few thousand. A few million. A few billion.

A system is a combination of…

parts that make up a unified whole.
parts that are used to make TVs.
broken pieces.
pieces of a machine.

The best synonym for demonstrated is…

based. called. showed. worked.

Rotating means…
going up and down. going back and forth. spinning. None of the above

Invented means…
made for the first time.
moved to a different country.
sent over wires.
sent through television.

The TELEVISION was first used in 1900