Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tenses
Tenses
ING-form:
putputting
cutcutting
swimswimming
spinspinning
stopstopping
shutshutting
sitsitting
runrunning
digdigging
beatbeating
feedfeeding
readreading
spreadspreading
bitebiting
rideriding
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Examples:
Does he work? (work must be followed by does because work is a verb)
Apakah dia bekerja?
Does your sister get a pen?
Apakah saudarimu mempunyai pen?
Examples:
He writes a letter.
He doesn’t write a letter.
Does he write a letter?
What does he write?
They write a letter.
They don’t write a letter.
Do they write a letter?
What do they write?
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4. Past Continuous Tense
He was writing a letter.
He wasn’t writing a letter.
Was he writing a letter?
What was he writing?
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Rules & Examples of Simple Progressive
&
Simple Present Tense
Rules:
We use the Present Progressive to talk about:
1. Things that are happening now, these days.
2. Things that are changing.
3. Plans for future.
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Rules:
We use the simple present tense to talk about:
1. Things that are always true.
2. Things that happen often, usually, always, never etc.
Passive Voice
Basic form : to be + V3
1. He writes a letter
- A letter is written by him.
2. He wrote a letter.
- A letter was written by him.
3. He is writing a letter.
- A letter is being written by him.
4. He was writing a letter.
- A letter was being written by him.
5. He will write a letter.
- A letter will be written by him.
6. He would write a letter.
- A letter would be written by him.
7. He has written a letter.
- A letter has been written by him.
8. He had written a letter.
- A letter had been written by him.
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Sentences with:
1. Can / could
2. May / might
3. Must / had to
4. Be going to
5. Ought to
6. Used to
The queen was given a warm welcome (by people)by can be dropped
Question in passive:
Who founded Pontianak?
Whom was Pontianak founded by?
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A True Story
1. One day I was walking along the street when I see an accident.
2. One day I was walking along the street when I was see an accident.
3. One day I was walking along the street when I saw an accident.
4. I can not believed my eye; the car flew into the river.
5. I couldn’t believe my eye; the car flew into the river.
6. I ran to saw the car. I thought I must helped the man out of the car.
7. I ran to see the car. I thought I must help the man out of the car.
8. But it was too late. The man has died.
9. But it was too late. The man had died.
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Agreement
I. So (positive statements)
Examples:
A: I can swim.
B: So can I.
A: I am happy.
B: So am I
A: I like English.
B: So do I.
A: I can’t fly.
B: Neither can I.
Statements
Command
Questions
1. Statement
“I am hungry,” he said
He said that he was hungry
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“I like meatball,” he said
He said that he liked meatball
“I’ll marry you,” he said
He said that he would marry me
“He has taken a bath,” he said to you
He told you that he had taken a bath
“I went to the theatre yesterday,” he said to her
He told her that he had gone to the theatre the day before
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“Don’t shout, Venny,” mother said
Mother told Venny not to shout
3. Questions
a) Yes / no questions
o “Are you Septi?” she said
She asked me if I was Septi
o “Are you studying, Anton?” she said
She asked Anton if he was studying
o “Do you understand?” he said
He asked me if I understood
o “Will you visit the museum?” he said
He asked me if I would visit the museum
o “Did you go to Cendana?” he said
He asked me whether I had gone to Cendana
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(For, since, already, just…)
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Simple Past Tense with dead person as the subject
Conditional If
There are 3 types of conditional sentences:
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1) If she HAD COME, I WOULD HAVE GONE
2) If he had known, he would have told us
3) You would have passed the exam, if you had studied hard
4) I would have caught the bus if I hadn’t been late
The Gerund
The gerund is a verbal noun; it tells you where to use ING form in a sentence
Certain Verbs:
Admit
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Escape Postpone Can’t stand
Excuse Pardon Can’t resist
Forgive Risk It’s no good
Fancy Stop It’s no use
Finish Understand It’s worth
Imagine Object to
Keep Look forward to
Loathe Take to
Mind Be used to
Miss Be accustomed to
Mention Can’t bear
Practice Can’t help
4. In noun compounds
e.g.:
Swimming pool pool for swimming
Ice skating rink
Writing book
Waiting room
Smoking area
Reading comprehension
Fitting room
Feeding time
5. Notices of prohibitions
e.g.:
No smoking
No swimming
No feeding
No fishing
No listening
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3. I don’t understand (Karina, want) to join the army
- I don’t understand Karina’s wanting to join the army
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So… that… & Such… that…
Karina is so kind that everybody likes her. Kind= adjective
The student did so well that the teacher gave him a prize Well=adverb
Winsen is such a naughty boy that nobody likes him. Naughty boy=noun
Gerund
Some verbs which can be followed by either the Gerund or to + infinitive
The Future
- We use am/are/is going to when we can already see the future in the
present- when future are beginning to happen, or are already planned
E.g.:
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o We use will when we predict future actions by thinking, hoping, or
calculating
E.g.:
-Alice’s baby will have blue eyes, and it will probably have fair hair
Bare Infinitive
Bare infinitives are after:
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Present Participle
Verbs which are followed by present participle:
See Catch
Feel Find
Hear smell
Notice
Watch
Listen to
Look at
Leave
Keep
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Example:
Participle as Adjectives
1. Present participle
2. Past participle
Tiring:
- It’s such a tiring week
- Being a teacher is a tiring job
- Such a tiring day
Tired:
- I feel tired
- Hansel is getting tired of doing homework
The Subjunctive
1.) I wish I knewI’m sorry I don’t knowsayang aku tidak tahu
2.) I wish I could
3.) I wish I had studied
4.) If only we had a car
5.) He walks as if he were blind
6.) He talks as if he had done all the works
7.) A: do you mind if I smoke?
B: I’d rather you didn’t
8.) A: can I get a job, Christ?
B: well, I’d rather you stayed at home and looked after the children
9.) It’s time you went to bed
It’s time to go to bed
Part of Speech
No
Noun <n> Verb <v> Adjective <adj.> Adverb <adv.>
.
Long Long
1. Length Lengthen
Lengthy Lengthily
2. Beauty Beautify Beautiful Beautifully
Sweet
3. Sweeten Sweet Sweetly
Sweetness
Differ
4. Difference Different Differently
Differentiate
Developed
5. Development Develop ---
Developing
6. Strength Strengthen Strong Strongly
Critic
7. Criticize Critical Critically
Criticism
8. Safety Save Safe Safely