What’s missing in the following

sentences?
to

I need go to that class today Verb

Patterns
are
needed

She enjoys eat hamburgers on weekends

ing
 USE OF GERUNDS 1 (as a noun)

1. My favorite free time activity is reading.

2. Cooking is something I don't like

NOUNS

3. Smoking is dangerous and unhealthy.

4. Studying is the best way to open doors.
 USE OF GERUNDS 2 (after a
preposition)

Thank you for HELPING me with the homework.

I can’t wait for GOING on vacation.

Smartphones aren’t used for WASTING time.

I’m not good at PAINTING or DANCING.

I’m interested in COOKING and WRITING poems.

I’m thinking of traveling to London next year.

 USE OF GERUND (ING) 3 (AFTER
SPECIAL VERBS)

ENJOY Jainis enjoys dancing champeta

DISCUSS We never discussed getting married.
SUGGEST Christian always suggests eating vegetarian food.
AVOID Everybody should avoid listening to loud music.
KEEP You'd better keep studying English.
LOOK FORWARD I look forward to graduating soon.
TO Dayanna celebrates winning the match.
CELEBRATE It is a good idea to give up smoking.
GIVE UP Angie plans on traveling to New Zealand.
PLAN ON Charlie should continue going to the gym.
CONTINUE
 USE OF INFINITIVE (TO) 1 (BE EXPRESSIONS)

● I’ll be happy TO help you

● It’s easy TO get frustrated
● I’m willing TO change
USE OF INFINITIVE (TO) 2 (AFTER SOME
VERBS)
● allow, agree, decide, expect, hope, learn, manage, need, try, and want.
 Followed by gerunds = ing Followed by infinitives = to

Some students avoid bringing the book

Main
Pattern
Verb

I want to have students who bring their books

Main
Pattern
Verb

As nouns
-ing

Bringing the responsibility makes you a responsible student.

Coming to class makes you a responsible student.
Studying for quizzes makes you a responsible student.
There is not a general rule to use either gerund or infinitive, it depends on the main verb
in the sentence, eg.,

I avoid drinking too much coke. Unfortunately

I expect to pass the level.

In consequence, people need to memorize the verb patterns. Here is a list of verbs
followed by gerunds and infinitive:
 FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES

AVOID Susan avoids drinking soda. EXPECT Every student expects to pass the level.

HATE I hate listening to Vallenato. TRY I tried to call you yesterday many times.

RECOMMEND Susan recommended me using a PREFER I prefer to listen to rock music.

new application.

LOOK FORWARD People look forward to going back PROMISE I didn’t promise to buy you a present.
TO to work.

DISCUSS We never discussed moving out. HELP Stephanie helped me to clean the house.

CONSIDER You should consider registering for ALLOW Students are not allowed to smoke in class
a gym.

ENJOY My friend enjoys talking on the AGREE The teacher agreed to change the book.
phone every night.

KEEP The T.V: keeps turning off by itself. CHOOSE Carmen chose to travel to Jamaica

SUGGEST The teacher always suggests DECIDE We decided to postpone the exam.
studying before class.

MIND I don’t mind waiting outside. SEEM This activity seems to be very easy.
 AGREE
AVOID AIM
CONSIDER ARRANGE
DISLIKE CHOOSE
ENJOY DECIDE
FINISH EXPECT
IMAGINE HOPE
KEEP INTEND
MIND LEARN
PRACTICE MANAGE
RECOMMEND NEED
REGRET PLAN
RISK PREPARE
SUGGEST PROMISE
WANT
Allow
Watch the video for further explanation
 Extra Material
1. Watch the YouTube video for extra explanation. YOUTUBE VIDEO LINK1
YOUTUBE VIDEO LINK 2

2. Use these external links to practice more:

● ONLINE EXERCISE 1
● ONLINE EXERCISE 2
 INFINITIVES

BE + ADJECTIVES
Using a verb as a noun:
I am glad to see you
Dancing is good for your health. She is happy to go with you
My favorite free time activity is reading. We are excited to travel.

After verbs: agree, expect, want, allow,

After prepositions: by, for, about, in, on… have, decide, try, hope, need.

Thank you for coming

Let’s talk about studying
1. One way to enhance your vocabulary is _______ (read)
Verbs: enjoy, discuss, suggest, avoid, 2. Some students plan on ____________ a semester abroad. (take)
keep, look forward to, celebrate, give up, 3. I am very good at _________ (explain)
plan on, continue, mind 4. It’s impossible ________ (speak) a language in 2 months.
5. Students hope ________ (pass) the level.
6. The teacher agreed _________ (give) us extra bonus.
 GRAMMAR: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
● During quarantine I avoid…
● When quarantine is over, I look forward to…
● During quarantine I try…
● When I return to the university I decided…
● My favorite activity during quarantine is…