UNIT 1

• Talking about abilities using “able to”

• Describing abilities and skills

Eight important job skills

- Can you use a computer?

- Can you manage other people
- Are you good at public speaking?

Grammar Focus

Gerunds; short responses

- I love traveling /Agree: So do i/Disagree: I don’t

- I hate working on weekends /Agree: So do i/Disagree: Really? I like it

I hate Talking on the phone

Im not very good at Working with a group or team
Im good at Solving other peoples problems
I don’t like Sitting in long meetings
I cant stand Working on weekends
Im interested in Eating lunch out every day
I don’t mind Managing my time
I enjoy Learning foreign languages

Check the activities you can/are able to do

Play soccer Dance Sing Fly a kite

Play the guitar Swim cook Make tiktok
Draw Juggle Speak English Ride a bike

TO BE ABLE TO

We can use it in past, present and future. We use it with the verb “to be”

Past Present Future

I Was-Wasn’t Am-Am not Will-wont
He
She Was-Wasn’t Is-isn’t Will-Wont +able to + Verb
It
We Were-Weren’t Are-Aren’t Will-Wont
You
They
Talk about yout abilities in the past, present and future, use ABLE TO

• Before I wasn’t able to use the bus by myself, now I AM ABLE to do it

• Now, I AM NOT able to speak English very well, but I WILL be able to do it at the end of the
semester

En presente es I am able to, pero en futuro debería ser i Will be able to, en futuro se ocupa el BE)

UNIT 2 BUSINESS MATTERS

• Responsabilites and obligations

• Modal verbs (Must/musnt, have to/ don’t have to)

MUST

- Personal obligation, and rules

Vocabulary

Allowed (permitido)

Structure

Subject + Must/must´nt + VERB

You must wear your seatbelt

People must´nt drink alcohol If the are going to drive

HAVE TO

- Not necessary a rule, like a moral obligation

Structure

- Subject + Have/ Has to + VERB

I have to prepare my lessons

Cristiane Endler has to train every day

She doesn’t have to eat junk food

• Make a list of all the things you have to do As a: Student, Son and citizen, using modal verbs.

UNIT 4 PLANNING A VACATION

Vocabulary, vacations items

Pasaporte: Passport Cepillo de dientes: Peineta: Comb Bolso: Bag

Toothbrush
Towel: Toalla Camera: Camara Charger: Cargador Swimming pool: Traje
de baño
Suitcase: Maleta Headphones: Boarding ticket: Cash: Efectivo
Audifonos Boleto de embarque

Let’s talk about trips

1. Have you ever been abroad? Where did you go? If not, where would you like to go and
why?
2. Where do you usually go on holiday? What do you like about it?
3. Do you prefer to travel in a group (e.g a tour) or independently? Why?

GERUNDS (formed with ING: walking, talking, thinking, listening

• To show preferences we use Gerunds after certain verbs:

Like admit Finish

Enjoy Avoid Dislike
Love Begin Miss
Prefer Keep on Try
Don’t mind Intend Give Up
Cant stand Start Quit
Hate Stop Deny
• Avoid: Evitar
• Intend: Pretender
• Quit: Abandonar

INFINITIVES (after certain verbs, particularly with verbs of thinking feeling)

Eg. She decided to start a business with her boyfriend

We’ve decided to paint the garage twice.

We didn’t manage to catch the last suburban train.

 GERUND or

INFINITIVE

I…

Like

Hate

Love

Prefer

… visiting parks.

… to visit parks.

Agree Hope Persuade

Allow Invite Plan

Arrange Learn Promise

Ask Manage Refuse

Can’t afford Need Want

Decide Offer Would like

Excersice, complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives

1. My cat is afraid of water. He can’t stand_________________(have) a bath.

2. He prefers_______________ (clean) the kitchen rather than the bathroom.

3. His father promised_____________________(buy) his son a bike.

4. My teacher offered __________________________(talk) to his mom.

5. I want ________________________ (buy) a new house.

6. They needed______________________(repair) the central heating as soon as possible.

7. Richard gave up__________________________(drink) beer last month.

Gerund or infinitives?
1. I really enjoy going / to go to the zoo.

2. Mom can’t stand travelling / to travel by train!

3. Do you plan buying / to buy warm close for your trip to Canada?

4. They need flying / to fly home immediately!

5. She doesn’t want packing / to pack too many items this time.

6. Lucy misses going / to go out with Tim. They broke up.

7. I am not allowed letting / to let you pass. You need your passport.

8. Paul didn’t feel like singing / to sing yesterday evening at the karaoke bar.

9. Neilson dislikes spending / to spend time at his grandparents’ dacha

SHOULD-SHOULDN’T Deberías- no deberías

Think of three things you should or shouldn’t take/do on these trips. (choose 2)

1. A trip in Egypt
2. Backpacking in punta arenas
3. Cancun
4. A language course in USA

Picture description

Weather, people (clothes) (relationships)(feelings) activities, place (mountain-beach) speculation (I

think they are) (I guess)Maybe they are), etc
Review units 1-2-4

What do these people enjoy doing?

What do you like doing in your free time?

Write actions after the verbs or prepositions.

“I love watching romantic movies”

1. I started…

2. I enjoy…

3. I am good at…

4. I am worried about…

5. After…. I ….

6. I stopped…

7. I can’t stand….

I. Fill in with must/mustn’t /have –has to/don’t-doesn´t have to

1. My father tells me that I …………………. study harder.

2. Shops ………..………… sell alcohol to teenagers.

3. Sorry I was late, I ………………… to walk for an hour to get the bus.

4. Mary ……..……….……. phone her grandfather. It’s his birthday.

5. You ……………………… walk on the grass.

6. He was lost so he ………….………….. ask somebody.

7. In my school we …………….………….. wear a uniform.

8. We ………………….. bring any food because we will get dinner on the plane.
UNIT 5 EATING OUT

• Students will be able to tell stories using past continous and past simple.
• Students will be able to use comparatives and superlatives

Past Continuous Use Past continuous for an action in progress in the past
Simple Past Use the simple past for an action that interrupts it
- I was watching a good movie, but I fell asleep before the end
- I was talking to my friend when my cell phone died
- While I was shopping one day, a celebrity walked into the store

PAST CONTINOUS
Subject Was/were Verb+ing
I Was Singing
He Was not (wasn´t) Playing
She Reading
It Going
You Were Writing
We Were not (weren´t)
They

1. What was happening in the park? Complete the sentences with the past progressive
affirmative or negative form of the verbs.
Describing using comparatives and superlatives

SHORT 1 Syllable Tall, sad, nice

2 Syllables-y Lazy, crazy, lucky
LONG 2 Syllables but without Boring, narrow, simple
y
+ 2 syllables Important, expensive

Comparative adjectives

Short Adjectives

Tall, taller/ Small, smaller/ Light, lighter/ Heavy, Heavier

• Short es para persona, small es para un objeto

Long Adjectives (more tan three syllables)

More_____Than

Mary is more beautiful than Eliza

A car is more expensive than a bike

Short Er
Long More Than

SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
ONE Long-Longest Tall-Tallest THREE OR Expensive- Dangerous-
SYLLABLE MORE most most
ADJECTIVES SYLLABLES expensive dangerous
Straight- Big-Biggest Popular-most Beautiful-
Straightest popular most
Beautiful
Large-Largest Hot-Hottest Confident- Difficult-most
most dificult
confident
TWO Honest-most Famous-most IRREGULAR Good-best Many-most
SYLLABLE honest famous ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES Happy- Crazy- Bad-wors Little-least
happiest Craziest
Narrow- Gentle- Far-Farthest Far-Furthest
narrowest Gentlest

• Exercise, realize a comparation between these persons

Tom (height 1.75, weight, 78kg, intelligent +, happy+, good++, Sally(height 1.82, 67kg, intelligent
+++, happy ++, good +)
 UNIT 7 TRAVELLING ABROAD

• Focus on future Tenses

- Talk about predictions, promises, offers
- Talk about plans and predictions based in evidence
- Talk about arrangement

What do you like to do on vacation?

Take a fun trip, discover something new, stay home, enjoy nature and you can say more
sentences?

BE GOING WILL
Use be going to + verb for plans you´ve Use will + verb for possible plans before
decided on you´ve made a decision
What are you going to do? What are you going to do?
Im going to relax at the beach Im not sure. I guess, I will just stay home
Were going to surfing every day Maybe I will watch some movies
Im not going to do anything special I don’t know, I think I will go camping
I probably wontgo anywhere
Use WILL to talk about predictions, promises and offers

How do we use “Will”?

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

S + WILL + VERB (BASE FORM) S + WILL + NOT +VERB (BASE (WH) + WILL + S + VERB (BASE
FORM) FORM)
Manchester will win the I think I wont go to the party. I Will you do it for me?
match have a lot to do Where will you go?

Also used for THREATS and REFUSALS (amenazas y negativas)

If you don’t pass the course I wont buy you a laptop

I wont listen to you!

• What WILL you do when you finish the university? (write your ideas)

(I will probably, I don’t think I will, maybe I will, I guess I will, y probably wont)
• Use GOING TO talk about plans and predictions based in evidence

How do we use “be + going to”?

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

S + BE + GOING TO + VERB
(BASE FORM)
• She is going to travel to
Brazil
S + BE + NOT + VERB (BASE
FORM)
• She is not going to travel
to Brazil
(WH) + BE + GOING TO
VERB (BASE FORM)
• Is she going to travel to
Brazil?
• Where is she going to
travel?

TALK ABOUT PLANS/ INTENTIONS

She is going to see a musical in the USA

Use PRESENT CONTINOUS talk about ARRENGEMENTS

How do we form the “PRESENT CONTINOUS”?

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

S + BE + GERUND S + BE + GERUND BE + S + GERUND?
WH + BE +S + GERUND?
• I am playing tennis next • He is not working this • Is she playing football this
Friday afternoon Sunday?
• They are not studying • Where is she playing?
tomorrow night
VERB ING
 WILL BE GOING TO PRESENT CONTINUOUS/

BE GOING TO

Used for decisions made at Used for PLANS and predictions Used for decisions and plans
the moment. based on present evidence. already made

Also for promises, predictions

and offers.

Teacher: It’s very cold in here!
Cesar: Don’t worry Miss, I’ll
close the door.
(offer)
I think it’s going to rain later. (the I’m watching a movie tonight.
sky is dark)
or
I’m going to watch a movie
tonight.

UNIT 8 “Emotions”
• Describe situations in past.

• Practice vocabulary and expressions related to emotions.

PAST CONTINOUS

I For example.
He Was
She Debbie was baking a cake
It +Verb ING
Malcolm and his brother were watching a movie
We
They Were
You

Questions

What For example.

Where Was+i/he/she/it
When What were you doing 10 minutes
Why +Verb ING ago?
How Were+you/they/we
Were you watching TV at ten o clock
Who
last night?
Ask and answer each other these questions

Complete the questions and sentences

How do you feel today?

Emotions

Questions: What makes you feel happy? Angry? Sad?

UNIT 9 MAKING EXCUSES

• Warmer
• Infinitives after objects
• Infinitive after adjectives
• Making an excuse

Why do people tell excuses?

- Ending a phone call

- Forgetting to meet someone
- Not doing homework
- Getting to class late
- Not accepting a date

INFINITIVES AFTER OBJECTS

SUBJECTS AND OBJECT PRONOUNS

SUBJECTS OBJECTS
I ME
YOU YOU
HE HIM
SHE HER
WE US
THEY THEM
The object is who receives the action (verb)
Infinitives after adjectives

Some verbs need an object (noun or pronoun) before the infinitive.

• Warn: advertir
Practice: Complete the sentences with your own information and infinitives

Example: My friend invited me to her party

My father/mother always tells…. me to be be careful

The teacher always encourages…me/us to study for my tests

My best friend usually advises….me to download some games

The TO infinitive is used

• After adjectives: nice, sorry, glad, happy, willing, afraid, ashamed, etc.

Glad: Contento

Eg he is glad to be back

She is too shy yo talk to the manager. We ve got enough money to buy a new car

SUBJECT + BE ADJECTIVE INFINITIVE COMPLEMENT

I'm happy to meet you.

She's glad to help him.

I'm not afraid to touch a snake.

Decide which alternative best suits the sentence

1- We have to leave soon. Are a) To go b) To meet c) To help

you ready._________?

2. Lee is very sad ______ the a) To b) To be c) To hear

news about his grandpa. change

3. After a car accident, some a) To b) To go c) To be

people are lucky______ alive. reach

4. Are you afraid _______ a a) To call b) To c) To listen

snake? touch

5. The students aren´t prepared a) To b) To c) To work

________ a exam take listen

6. The president was glad a) To be b) To c) To act

_______ the war was over know
• Exercise Make at least 5 sentences, using at least one adjective and one verb from the list
below

Happy See Sad Go Meet

Impatient Scared Speak Visit Embarrassed

Angry Hear Invite Upset Delight

Excited Understand Fun Easy Know

For example, im very happy to see you today

UNIT 11 TICKET PLEASE

• Vocabulary related to the cinema

• Grammar: Frequency adverbs
• Gerunds and infinitives

How often do you go to the cinema?

Whats the name of the last film you saw at a cinema?

What kind of movies do you like?

Whos your favorite actor/actress?

Frequency adverbs
Use how often to ask for the frequency
Other Verbs (play, do, study, work, etc)
BE verb (am, is are, was, were, etc)
Frequency Adverbs come BEFORE other verbs
Always help the other students
My brother usually comes late to school
Jenny and Susan often study in the library
after class
Frequency Adverbs come AFTER a BE verb
I am always a good student
My brother is usually lat to school
Jenny and susan are often in the library after
class
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Lets remember when we use them

UNIT 12 SAVING ENERGY

WARMER

Drought, air pollution, deforestation, water pollution, Garbage/soil pollution, Endangered species

GREENHOUSE EFFECT/CLIMATE CHANGE

Select the correct answer

1. If the temperature continue/continues/will continue to rise, the polar ice will melt/melt/is
melting.

2. If the ice melt/melts/is melting, the sea levels rise/will rise.

3. If the sea levels rise/will rise, the climate changes/ will change.

How do you think we could save ENERGY at home?

UNIT 13 KNOWING A SECOND LANGUAGE

EXPRESSING OPINION

I Think (that)

I feel (that)

Id say (that)

It seems to me (that)

It strikes me (that)

In m opinion

Questions

Do you enjoy learning new languages why or why not?

Do you consider knowing English is important and why?

Do you find it easy to read in another language?

Do you know anybody who is bilingual?

HOW DO YOU LEARN VOCABULARY?