You will learn how to:

 Talk about past events

GUIDE NUMBER 1 MY
LIFE

PRESENT PERFECT

How to form the Present Perfect:

PRESENT PERFECT AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES

PAST
SUBJECT HAVE / HAS
PARTICIPLE
I / You / We / They HAVE
written
He / She / It HAS

Note: In spoken English, it’s common to use the contraction:

 I’ve written three books. In this case, he’s, she’s,

 We’ve already seen that movie Barbara’s, etc. mean he has,
she has, and Barbara has.
 Barbara’s forgotten her cell phone.
 He’s just woken up. NOT he is, she is, or
Barbara is

PRESENT PERFECT NEGATIVE SENTENCES

HAVEN’T / HASN’T
SUBJECT PAST PARTICIPLE
Have not / has not
I / You / We / They HAVEN’T
Seen.
He / She / It HAS NOT

Examples:

 I haven’t seen John this week.

 Mary hasn’t come to class for the past two days.

PRESENT PERFECT QUESTIONS

HAVE / HAS SUBJECT PAST PARTICIPLE
HAVE I / you / we / they
finished?
HAS he / she / it

Examples:

 Have you finished the project yet?

 Has George ever been to New York?

HOW TO ANSWER PRESENT PERFECT QUESTIONS:

 Have you been to London?
Option 1(+): Yes, I have.
Option 2(-): No, I haven’t.
  Has Alex met Miriam yet?
Option 1(+): Yes, he has.
Option 2(-): No, he hasn’t.

 Have the results of the election been announced?

Option 1(+): Yes, they have.
Option 2(-): No, they haven’t.
WHAT IS THE PAST PARTICIPLE

The past participle is a form of the verb that describes a completed action or state. For regular
verbs, the past participle is the same as the simple past:

• I worked all day yesterday. (simple past)

• I’ve worked here since August. (past participle)

This is also the case for many irregular verbs:

• He sold his car last week. (simple past)
• He’s sold 200 books so far. (past participle)

However, some past participles irregular verbs are different from their simple past form:

• We wrote an article for the newspaper. (simple past)

• We’ve written for many famous publications. (past participle)

Many of these irregular past participles end in –n:

INFINITIV SIMPLE PAST
E PAST PARTICIPL
E
be was / been Other irregular past participles have a change in
were the vowel:
break broke broken
choose chose chosen PAST
do did INFINITIV
done SIMPLE
PARTICIP
drive drove drivenE PAST
LE
eat ate eaten
become became become
fall fell fallen
begin began begun
fly flew flown
come came come
forget forgot forgotten
drink drank drunk
give gave given
ring rang rung
go went gonerun ran run
know knew knownsing sang sung
see saw seen
swim swam swum
show showed shown
speak spoke spoken
steal stole stolen
take took taken
wear wore worn
write wrote written
A. Fill in the blanks to form the present perfect.
1. You have bought a new computer.
2. I have learned a lot about computers.
3. We have read the story about Google.
4. Larry has known Sergey since they were at Stanford University.
5. They haven’t (not) known each other since they were children.
6. It has been easy for me to learn about computers.
7. You have used the Internet many times.
8. Larry and Sergey haven’t (not) finished their degrees.

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct past participle.

1. I have done (do) many things in my life.
2. I’ve traveled (travel) to many countries and I’ve seen see) many beautiful places.
3. I’ve met (meet) lots of interesting people all over the world.
4. I have visited (visit) cities in all 5 continents.
5. I’ve sailed (sail) round the world and I’ve climbed climb) some of the highest mountains.
6. I have even 4 participated (participate) in a north pole expedition.
7. I have eaten (eat) fried ants in Africa.
8. I have had (have) some difficult moments but I have forgotten (forget) all of them.

C. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.

not buy not do not eat meet not
phone
forget not see go invite take
1. No, I not haven’t phoned my sister. I’ll text her later.
2. She has invited a lot of people to her wedding.
3. We have taken a lot of photographs during our holidays.
4. A: Where’s Mike?
B: I don’t know, I haven’t seen him today.
5. Mum, Alex haven’t done his bed!!
6. It’s Megan’s birthday tomorrow but I haven’t bought her present.
7. A: Where’s Ann?
B: She has gone to bed.
8. I think we have met before but I your name.
9. I’m starving! I haven’t eaten anything since yesterday.

Complete the question and answer “yes” and “no”

Example: you / phone / the doctor? Have you phoned the doctor? Yes, I have.

1. she / finish / her meal? (+) Has she finished her meal? Yes, she has
2. they / buy / a new car? (+) Have they bought a new car? Yes, they have
3. Harry / tell / you / the news? (-) Has Harry told you the news? No, he hasn’t
4. John / go / on holiday? (+) Has John gone on Holiday? Yes he has.
5. Megan / open / her presents? (-) Has Megan opened her presents? No, she hasn’t