Verb Past Simple Past participle

be was/were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
buy bought bought
can/be able to could been able to
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
do did done
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
get got got
give gave given
go went gone/been
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hit hit hit
hold held held
keep kept kept
 Verb Past Simple Past Participle
know knew known
leave left left
lose lost lost
make made made
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
run run run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
shake shook shaken
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
understand understood understood
upset upset upset
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
 PRESENT PERFECT
-Form
1.Affirmative
I’ve changed the world.
subject+have/has+past participle of the verb

2.Negative
I haven’t changed the world.
subject+haven’t/hasn’t+past participle of the verb

3.Interrogative
Have I changed the world?
Have/Has+subject+past participle of the verb

-Use of Present Perfect

1.Actions that started in the past are still continuing in the present.
ex. She had lived in Canada for 5 years.

2.Actions that happened in the past , but result is in the present.

ex. I’ve lost my key’s so I can’t get in the car.

3.Actions that happened that happened in the past, but we don’t know when they happened.(life
experiences)
ex. I’ve been to Italy.

For/Since
1.For+a period of time
ex. I have worked here for 10 years.

2.Since+the start of the period

ex. I have worked here since 2012.
 Just/Already/Yet
1.Just=a short time ago
ex. Is Tom here?-No, he has just left.
помеѓу has и главниот глагол
2.Already =it happened before we expect something to happen
ex. It’s only 9 o’clock and Ana has already gone to bed.
помеѓу has и глаголот во past participle
3.Yet=until now, used in negative sentence and questions
ex. Have you seen Jack?-He hasn’t arrived yet.

QUESTION TAGS
ex. Jack is from Spain, isn’t he?
question tag
A question tag is a short question at the end of the statement.
If the statement is positive, the question tag is negative and if the statement is negative, the question is
positive.
+ -
ex . You are a teacher, aren’t you?
- -
ex .You weren’t at the cinema yesterday, were you?
+ -
ex . You will join us, won’t you?

Exceptions:
1.I am late, aren’t I?
2.Let’s have a picnic, shall we?
ex.present perfect
1.We have just bought a new car.(buy)
2.School (not/start) hasn’t started yet.
3.Have you been (be) at school.
4.He has written (write) five letter so far.
ex.present perfect and past simple
1.The Titanic sung (sink) in 1912
2.Somebody has stolen (steal) my bike. Now
I have to walk home.
3.Ouch! I’ve cut (cut) my finger.
4.His brother visited (visited) London last year.
ex.with for and since
1.I have been working for this company for 5 years.
2.He had lived in the house since 2018.
ex.fill with just,yet,already
1.I don’t want to see that film again. I’ve already seen
it four times.
2.I’m sorry but you have just missed the bus. It left
the station a minute ago.
3.Have you finished the homework yet?
ex.use the correct preposition of time at,in,on
1.I was born on July 29.
2.We need to hurry, the class begins at 8:30.
3.My son rarely wakes up early in the morning.
ex.question tags
1.Let’s have a day off, shall we?
2.Mum will be happy to see you, won’t she?
ex2.question tags
1. You're addicted to shopping, aren't you?
2. They weren't part of the regular team, were they?
3. You can't give it back to the owner, can you?
4. Let's take a day off tomorrow, shall we?
5. She has her hair styled every week, doesn't she?
6. Mum will be happy to see you, won't she?
7. John keeps talking all the time. That's disgusting, isn't it?
8. They haven't ever bought a new car, have they?
9. I'm such a good swimmer, aren't I?
10.He wouldn't agree with you, would he?
11.There's really nothing more to say, is there?
12.I shouldn't criticize the teacher, should I?
13.Please pass me the sugar, will you?
14.You mustn't play on the freshly cut grass, must you?
15.You don't want him to come with us, do you?
16.She hardly said anything, did she?
17.You do have a receipt, don't you?
18.Peter and Jenny want to be alone, don't they?
19.You weren't ill last week, were you?
20.I needn't come with you, do I?
21.I didn't have a chance to thank you, did I?
22.You had the car repaired, didn't you?
23.She never met anyone else, did she?
24.Let's go to the cinema, shall we?
25.They could make it to the train in time, couldn't they.
26.Dad won't be with us next week, will he?
27.If we had more money, we would travel a lot, wouldn't we?
28.You have lunch with your family on Sundays, don't you?
29.It got very late yesterday, didn't it?
30.I am not going to have to tell you again, am I?
ex2.presnt perfect and past simple
1. She loves Paris. She has been (be) there many times.
2. Bill has worked (work) in that company for 3 years. (He still works there).
3. They went (go) to London on holiday last summer.
4. I have read (read) that book. It´s good.
5. His parents were (be) here yesterday.
6. They went (go) to Germany when he was (be) only 4.
7. Did you watch any film (watch) last night?
8. I had a couple (have) of toasts for breakfast this morning.
9. He has lived (live) in Rome since he was a teenager.
10. The house looks different. Have you painted (paint) it?
11. I didn´t see (not see) you in class last Friday.
12. Shakespeare wrote (write) over one hundred sonnets.
ex.present perfect
1. Mark (grow) has grown three inches in the last six months!
2. My dog (bury) has buried many bones in the backyard.
3. Teresa and Anne (talk) have talked to their landlord many times about the broken light
fixture in their kitchen.
4. Unfortunately, he (fix, still, not) still has not fixed it.
5. I (visit) have visited New York City many times.
6. Elizabeth (catch) has caught three colds this winter.
7. Because of this, she (go, not) has not gone skiing since December.
8. Tom (decide) has decided to join a health club.
9. Rita (write, not) has not written a letter to Paul since the beginning of the semester.
10. Paul wonders why Rita (answer, not) has not answered his letters.
11. He thinks that she (forget) has forgotten him.
12. However, this is not true. She (be) has been very busy studying and working, and she
will write to him when she gets a chance.
 AT IN ON
-times of the day -months -days of the week
ex. at six o’clock ex. in January ex. on Monday
-part of the day -years -dates
ex. at noon(12h); at midnight ex. in 2009 ex. on March 8
-meal times -seasons -holidays
ex. at lunch time; at dinner time ex. in summer ex. on Christmas day
-holidays -with parts of the day
ex. at Christmas; at Easter ex. in the morning

PAST SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT

studi-ed
1.finished actions in the past
ex. She lived in Rome from 1996 to 1999.
2.Define time we know when something
happened
ex. I saw the Eiffel Tower in 2007.
3.Series of finished actions
ex. First she read the book then she watched the
film.
4.Adverbs of time yesterday, last month, week
ago, year ago
subject+have/has+past participle
1.unfinished actions
ex. She has lived in Rome since 2011.
2.Indetinitelit in not said when something
happened
ex. I’ve seen the Eifel Tower
3.Experiences or results
ex. She has already watched the film three times.
4.already, just, yet
Adverbs of time since and for