ENGLISH 1

PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH

Note:

Possessive adjectives: go before nouns, without articles.

Example: She is my friend. Her name is Michelle.
PLURAL NOUNS

REYES AGUADO PAOLA Página 1

 ENGLISH 1

THESE/ THOSE AND THIS/THAT

We use this/these to pint out people,

animals or things that are CLOSE TO US.

We use that/those to point out people,

animals, or things that are FAR FROM
US.

POSSESSIVE CASE

We use the possessive case to express possession

Formation Example
Singular nouns take ´s This is the girl’s bag This is Tom´s Car
Regular plural nouns take That´s my parents’ house
´.
Irregular plural nouns Here´s the children´s room.
takes ´s.

VERB TO BE (SER/ESTAR)

Note: we use short forms when we speak and full forms when we write.

REYES AGUADO PAOLA Página 2

 ENGLISH 1

PRESENT SIMPLE

We use present simple:

 For habits or actions that happened regularly.

Example: Michelle every day listening music.

 For situations that are always the same.

Example: The water boils at 100°C

 For daily routines.

Example: I wake up every day at 7:00 to go to school.

REYES AGUADO PAOLA Página 3

 ENGLISH 1

REYES AGUADO PAOLA Página 4

 ENGLISH 1

FORMATION OF -ING

REYES AGUADO PAOLA Página 5

 ENGLISH 1

LIKES &DISLIKES

LIKE/LOVE/ENJOY/HATE/CAN´T STAND+-ING/ WOULD LIKE/ WANT +TO

 LIKE/LOVE/ENJOY/HATE/CAN´T STAND+-ING

I enjoy listening to music

Michelle can´t stand going to museums.

 LIKE/LOVE/ENJOY/HATE/CAN´T STAND+NOUN

I like ice cream. Pao hates watermelon

 WANT +TO

I´d like to go to the theatre.

Michelle wants to go to the cinema.

NOTE: WE USE LIKE+-ING TO:

 Say what we like in general:
I like going to the gym
Do you like playing among us?
 To say what we want to do and to make offers, invitations and request.
I´d like to go to the gym.
Would you like to go to the cinema with me this afternoon?

REYES AGUADO PAOLA Página 6

 ENGLISH 1

MODALS VERBS

REYES AGUADO PAOLA Página 7

 ENGLISH 1

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

 AT: At six o´clock/half past two/at two-thirty/at noon/at night/ at midnight,

weekends/ the weekend, etc.
 IN: In the morning/afternoon/ evening/in two hours/in summer/in August/in
2020/in my space of time, etc..
 ON: On Friday/On weekdys/ on 30th January, etc..
 TILL/UNTIL: 9pm/midnight/ Friday, etc.
 DURING: The weekend/ the night/the winter, etc…
 FROM…TO/TILL/UNTIL: Monday.. Friday/ 8…4/January/May.
 BEFORE/AFTER: Lunch/schoolwork/ midnight, etc.

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

We use adverbs of frequency to talk about how often we do something, We place

them:

*BEFORE: The main verb.

Example: Michelle often wash her clothes on Saturdays

*AFTHER: The verb to be.

Example: Sherry! is never to start over.

WH QUESTIONS

Who? What? Where? How? How When/ How How

old? What many? ofthen?
time?
¿Quién? ¿Qué? ¿Dónde? ¿Cuánto? ¿Que ¿Cuando? ¿Cuantos? ¿Que
tan tan
viejo? seguido?
Who are What Where How are How What time How many How
you? time is are you? you old are do you friends do often
it? studing? you? finish you have? you go
work? to the
When do cinema?
you relax?

REYES AGUADO PAOLA Página 8

 ENGLISH 1

ADJETIVES

 We use adjectives before nouns and after the verb to be.

That´s a beautiful jacket. That jacket is beautiful

 Adjectives are the same in singular and in plural

This is an interesting magazine.

These are interesting magazine.

ADVERBS OF MANNER

Adverbs of manner describe how something happens. Example:

Michelle is a good driver. She drives carefully.

We form most adverbs of manner by Quiet= Quietly

adding-/y to the adjective. Careful= Carefully
Adjectives ending in a consonant Easy=easily
+-y, drop the-y and take -ily
Adjectives ending in –le, drop the –e Terrible=Terribly
and take –y.
Irregular adverbs. Good= well
Fast=fast
Hard=hard
Late=late
early=early

HAVE GOT:

We use the verb have got for:

 To express possession

I´ve got a blue car.

Kevin´s got a great ideal.
 To talk about family and relationships.

I´ve got two sisters.

 To describe people, animals, and things.

Michelle has got brown eyes.

REYES AGUADO PAOLA Página 9

 ENGLISH 1

NOTE:

• Both have and have got can be used

as present tenses in the above
situations with no difference in
meaning.

• Have got cannot be used with

actions:

I have breakfast at 8 o'clock every day.

Have got breakfast at-8-o'clock every

day.

• In the affirmative, we can use short

forms with the verb have got, but not
with have.

I've got two red pens. Have two red

pens.

Jack's got a brother. Jack's a brother.

• We form the question and negative

forms of the verb have with do/does.
We form the question and negative forms of the verb have got without do/does.

Do you have a business card?

Have you got a business card? Sue doesn't have a watch.

Sue hasn't got a watch.

It is incorrect to say:

Do you have got a business card! Sue doesn't have got a watch.

REYES AGUADO PAOLA Página 10

 ENGLISH 1

ARTICLES: a(n) vs the

A/AN +SINGULAR NOUNS

 When we mention something for the first time

There´s a microwave in the kitchen

 When we talk about jobs

He´s a doctor

NO A/AN BEFORE PLURAL NOUNS

Cats are not great

THE+SINGULAR OR PLURAL NOUNS

 When we talk about something specific

There are two boys outside.The tall boy is Kevin.

 When we talk about something unique

The sun is hot.

NO ARTICLES

 Before possessive adjectives.

My cat is white.

 Before proper nouns.

Fiona is thirteen years old.

Madrid is in Spain

 When we talk about something in general

Dogs are friendly animals.

REYES AGUADO PAOLA Página 11