“A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING

PRE AND POST OPERATIVE CARE OF CATARACT AMONG THE PATIENT

UNDER GOING CATARACT SURGERY IN A GOVT MAHARANI HOSPITAL
AT JAGDALPUR. WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN INFORMATION
PAMPHLET.

BY

MS. CHHAYA CHANDRAWANSHI

MS . HULSI NISHAD

MS. ISHA TANDAN

MS. MINAKSHEE BAGHEL

MS. OMEGA IRANI LAKARA

MS. RUPESHWARI CHAKRAWARTI

MS. SHAIL DHRUW

MS. SUPRIYA JANGDE

GOVT. COLLEGE OF NURSING JAGDALPUR

AFFILIATED TO PT. DEENDAYAL UPADHYAY MEMORIAL HEALTH SCIENCES AND

AYUSH UNIVERSITY OF RAIPUR CHHATTISGARH.

November 2018

1
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING
PRE AND POST OPERATIVE CARE OF CATARACT AMONG THE
PATIENT UNDER GOING CATARACT SURGERY IN A GOVT. MAHARANI
HOSPITAL AT JAGDALPUR. WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN
INFORMATION PAMPHLET .

SUBMITTED TO
GOVT . COLLEGE OF NURSING, JAGDALPUR, BASTAR ( C. G. )
FOR
THE PARTIAL FULLMENT OF REQUIREMENT OF CHHATTISGARH, PT.
DEENDAYAL UPADHYAY MEMORIAL HEALTH SCIENCES AND AYUSH
UNIVERSITY OF RAIPUR FOR THE DEGREE OF BASIC BACHELOR SCIENCES
IN NURSING 2018 .
BY
MS. CHHAYA CHANDRAWANSHI
MS. HULSI NISHAD
MS. ISHA TANDAN
MS. MINAKSHEE BAGHEL
MS. OMEGA IRANI LAKRA
MS. RUPESHWARI CHAKRAWARTI
MS. SHAIL DHRUW
MS. SUPRIYA JANGDE
BASIC BSC NURSING 4TH YEAR 2018 GOVT. COLLEGE OF NURSING
JAGDALPUR ( C.G.)

RESEARCH GUIDE
MRS. MEGHA YADAV
MSC. NURSING ( MEDICAL SURGICA NURSING )
DEMONSTRATOR
GOVT.COLLEGE OF NURSING JAGDALPUR ( C.G.)

RESEARCH CO – GUIDANCE
MRS. ANJU BODALKAR
DEMONSTRATOR
GOVT COLLEGE OF NURSING JAGDALPUR ( C.G.)
NOVEMBER 2018

2
 ENDORSEMENT BY THE PRINCIPAL HEAD OF THE

INSTITUTION
This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “ A DECRIPTIVE STUDY TO
ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PRE AND POST OPERATIVE
CARE OF CATARACT AMONG THE PATIENT UNDER GOING
CATARACT SURGERY IN A GOVT. MAHARANI HOSPITAL
JAGDALPUR WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN INFORMATION
PAMPHLET” is a bonafide research work by Ms. Chhaya, Ms. Hulsi, Ms.
Isha , Ms. Minakshee Ms.. Omega , Ms. Rupeshwari , Ms. Shail, Ms. Supriya
under the guidance of Mrs. Megha Yadav M.Sc . (Medical Surgical Nursing) Govt.
College of Nursing Jagdalpur. Co-guide Mrs. Anju Bodalkar Demonstrator Govt.
college of Nursing jagdalpur.

Seal & signature of the principal

Mrs. Tripti Sahu

Govt. College of Nursing Jagdalpur

Date : ………….

Place : Jagdalpur

3
 ENDORSEMENT BY THE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “ A DISCRIPTIVE STUDY TO

ASSESS THE KNOWLEGDE REGARDING PRE AND POST OPEREATIVE
CARE OF CATARACT AMONG THE PATIENT UNDER GOING CATARACT
SURGERY IN A GOVT. MAHARANI HOSPITAL AT JAGDALPUR WITH A
VIEW TO DEVELOP AN INFORMATION PAMPHLET” is a bonafide research
work by Miss .Chhaya .Ms Hulsi .Ms isha , Ms . Minakshee, Ms Omega Ms .Rupeshwari
,Ms .Shail ,Ms Supriya ,under the guidance of Mrs Megha Yadav M.Sc (Nursing) Medical
Surgical Nursing Govt . College of Nursing Jagdalpur. Co-guide Mrs. Anju Bodalkar
Demonstrator Govt. College of Nursing Jagdalpur.

Signature of HOD

Mrs. Smita Jha

Associate Professor

HOD of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing

Govt . College of Nursing Jagdalpur (c.g.)

Date : …………..

Place : Jagdalpur

4
 ENDORSEMENT BY THE GUIDE AND CO-GUIDE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitle “ A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO

ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PRE AND POST OPEREATIVE
CARE OF CATARACT AMONG THE PATIENT UNDER GOING
CATARACT SURGERY IN A GOVT MAHARANI HOSPITAL AT
JAGDALPUR WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN INFORMATION
PAMPHLET’’ is a bonafide research work by Ms . Chhaya , Ms Hulsi ,Ms . Isha , Ms
.Minakshee , Ms . Omega , Ms Rupeshwari ,Ms . Shail , Ms . Supriya . under the
guidance of Mrs . Megha Yadav Msc (Nursing) Medical Surgical Nursing Govt. College
of Nursing Jagdalpur & Co-Guide Mrs. Anju Bodalkar Demonstrator Govt. College of
Nursing Jagdalpur .

Signature of guide

Mrs.Megha Yadav Msc (Nursing)

Medical Surgical Nursing

Govt. College of Nursing Jagdalpur (C.G.)

Signature of Co- guide

Mrs .Anju Bodalkar

Demonstrator

Govt. College of Nursing Jagdalpur (C.G.)

Date : ……………

Place : Jagdalpur

5
 GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF
NURSING JAGDALPUR ( C.G.)
MAHARANI HOSPITAL CAMPUS , JAGDALPUR (BASTAR )

TEL. 07782-231948 . FAX : +91-7782-231949

CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE

This is to verify that the dissertation titled “A DISCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS
THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PRE AND POST OPERATIVE CARE OF
CATARACT AMONG THE PATIENT UNDER GOING CATARACT SURGERY
IN A GOVT.MAHARANI HOSPITAL AT JAGDALPUR WITH A VIEW TO
DEVELOP AN INFORMATION PAMPHLET” it submitted by miss Chhaya, Hulsi,
Isha, Supriya, Rupeshwari, Shail, Minakshee, Omega 4th year basic Bsc. Nursing student
of Govt. College of Nursing Jagdalpur in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
degree of bachelor of sciences nursing from ( C.G ) Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Memorial
Health Sciences and Ayush University Raipur Chhattisgarh.

Date : …………..

Place : Jagdalpur

Signature of the guide

Mrs. Megha Yadav

Msc. Demonstrator (Medical Surgical Nursing )

Govt. College of Nursing Jagdalpur.

Signature of the Co-Guide

Mrs. Anju Bodalkar

Demonstrator

Govt. College of Nursing Jagdalpur.

6
 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

We here by declare that dissertation "A DECRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE

KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PRE AND POST OPERATIVE CARE OF
CATARACT AMONG THE PATIENT UNDER GOING CATARACT SURGERY
IN A GOVT. MAHARANI HOSPITAL AT JAGDALPUR WITH A VIEW TO
DEVELOP AN INFORMATION PAMPHLET" A bonafied and genune research
work certified out by us under the guidance of Mrs. Megha Yadav M .Sc Demonstrator
Govt. College of Nursing Jagdalpur and Co–Guidance of Mrs. Anju Bodalkar
Demonstrator Govt. College of Nursing Jagdalpur (C.G.) .

Date : …………..

Place : Jagdalpur

SINGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

MISS. CHHAYA CHANDRAWANSHI …...…

MISS. HUISI NISHAD ………….

MISS. ISHA TANDAN …………..

MISS. MINAKSHEE BAGHEL …………..

MISS. OMEGA IRANI ……..

MISS. RUPESHWARI CHAKRAWARTI …..

MISS. SHAIL DHRUW ………….

MISS. SUPRIYA JANGDE …………..

7
 COPYRIGHT

Declaration by the candidate

We hereby declare that the Govt. College of Nursing Jagdalpur affricated to

Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Memorial Health Sciences and Ayush University Raipur
Chhattisgarh , shall have the right to preserve, use and disseminate this dissertation
/ thesis in print or electronic format for academic / research purpose .

Date: ………….

Place : Jagdalpur

Signature of candidates
MS. CHHAYA CHANDRWANSHI ……….

MS. HULSI NISHAD …………….

MS. ISHA TANDAN ………………

MS. MINAKSHEE BAGHEL ……………

MS. OMEGA IRANI LAKRA …………….

MS. RUPESHWARI CHAKRAWARTI ……….

MS. SHAIL DHRUW ………………

MS. SUPRIYA JANGDE ………….

Govt . College of Nursing Jagdalpur , Bastar ( C.G. )

8
 ABSTRACTS

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge regarding pre and post
operative care of cataract among patient undergoing cataract surgery in a
Govt. Maharani Hospital at Jagdalpur , with a view to develop an information
pamphlet. The objectives of the study was to assess the level of knowledge
regarding pre and post operative care of cataract among the patient undergoing
cataract surgery, to find out the association between level of knowledge with Socio-
demographic variables, to develop an information pamphlet the main study was
conducted at Govt. Maharani Hospital Jagdalpur sampling technique was used to 60
patient and selected demographic variable such as age , sex , family type, qualification ,
occupation, income, residential area , previous knowledge about cataract based on the
study finding most of the older aged people experience cataract. some information
pamphlet should be give based on the knowledge regarding pre and post operative care of
cataract this will be help the patient to gain knowledge regarding the pre and post
operative care of cataract .

Objective:-
1) To assess the knowledge regarding pre and post operative care of cataract among the
patient undergoing cataract surgery .

2) To find out the association between level of knowledge with socio demographic
variables.

Method:-
In this study sampling technique convenience was used for data collection total 60 sample
was selected and data was collected by using structured questionare consist of 30 question
related to pre and post operative care of cataract .

The Tools:- Consist of 2 Parts

Consist of socio demographic variable such as age, sex, qualification etc. Consist of
knowledge regarding cataract questionnaire .

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Finding:- The Finding of the study revealed that out of 60 patients. overall knowledge
about the total mean was 11.96% mean Percent was 19.93% and standard deviation of
3.43% .

Conclusion:-
The overall finding of the study reveals that there is significant increase in the knowledge
about pre and post operative care of cataract. This pamphlet was found to be effective
improving the knowledge regarding the pre and post operative care of cataract among the
patient undergoing cataract surgery.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
“When there’s no vision, the people get out of control, but who ever obeys instruction
is happy’’

We praise and thank lord almighty for his abundant graces and blessings showered upon
us throughout the study. We the investigator of the study, own our sincere thanks and
gratitude to all those , who have contributed to the successful accomplishment of this
endeavor of our the study has been under taken and completed under the inspiring
guidance of Principal Mrs.Tripti Sahu Msc. Nursing (MCH Nursing) Govt. College of
Nursing Jagdalpur Bastar (C.G.) we express our sincere gratitude to her the inspiring
guidance, valuable suggestions, timely support and constant encouragement which made
our study a faithful & successful one. We would like to express our gratitude to Mrs.
Megha Yadav M.Sc. (Nursing) Medical Surgical Nursing Govt. College of Nursing
Jagdalpur, Bastar (C.G.) . Who was an invaluable source of guidance and encouragement
which has made this study interesting, successful and faithful one.

We express our sincere thanks to Mrs. Anju Bodalkar Demonstrator Govt. College of
Nursing Jagdalpur Bastar (C.G.) for her Co-guidance and encouragement .

We extend our gratitude to Mrs. Dipti kindo and Mrs. Vidhya Ansh Class Coordinator
Govt. College of Nursing Jagdalpur , Mr. Krishna Nishad, librarian Jagdalpur for their re-
enforcement, encourage words . positive attitude made accomplish this study. Our sincere
and whole hearted thanks to Mr. S. Prashad joint director cum superintendent of Maharani
Hospital Jagdalpur, (C.G.) for out ending their support and permission to conduct the
study.

We take this opportunity to record deep sense of gratitude for our parents and all our
family members for their constant level and prayerful support throughout the study. Our
sincere thanks and colleagues and friends whose constant support made this is pleasant
learning experience.

Lastly we would like to thanks to those who helped us knowingly or completed.

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 LIST OF CONTENT

CHAPTER NO TITEL PAGE NO

I. INTRODUCTION

* Need of study
* Statement of problem
* Objective
* Operational definition 16-23
* Variable
* Assumption
* Delimitation
* Summary

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 24-30

III. METHODOLOGY
* Research approach
* Research design
* Setting of the study
* Criteria for selection of the setting of the
study
* Target population
* Accessible population
* Sample and sample size
* Sampling technique
* Sampling criteria 31-38
* Development of Tools
* Description of Research Tools
* Data collection method
* Plan for study
* Ethical consideration
* Summary

IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 39-57

V. DISCUSSION 58-60
VI. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION,
IMPLICATION,NURSING 61-69
PRACTICE,LIMITATION,RECOMMONDATIONS
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY 70-72
VIII. APPENDIX 73-100

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 LIST OF TABLE

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO

A. frequency & percentage distribution of patient according to their :- 40-52
1. Distribution of subject according to the age
2. Distribution of the subject according to the sex
3. Distribution of the subject according to family type
4. Distribution of subject according to qualification
5. Distribution of table according to occupation
6. Distribution of table according to the income
7. Distribution of the table according to the residential area
8. Distribution of the table according to previous knowledge
9. Distribution of subject according to the source of knowledge
B. Scoring for level of knowledge regarding pre & post operative care of 52
cataract.
C. mean, mean percentage and standard deviation knowledge score of 53
patient.
D. Association between level of knowledge of patient and socio demographic 54-57
variables.

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO TITEL PAGE NO

1. Schematic diagram of research design 33
2. Column diagram showing distribution of the subject according to 43
the age
3. Column diagram showing distribution of the subject according to 44
sex
4. Column diagram showing distribution of the subject according to 45
family type
5. Column diagram showing distribution of the subject according to 46
qualification
6. Column diagram showing distribution of the subject according 47
to occupation
7. Column diagram showing distribution of the subject according to 48
income
8. Column diagram showing percentage distribution of subject 49
according to residential area
9. Column diagram showing percentage distribution of subject 50
according to previous knowledge .
10. Column diagram showing percentage distribution of subject 51
according to Source of knowledge

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 LIST OF APPENDIX
APPENDIX NO APPENDIX PAGE NO
A. Letter seeking permission for main study 74
B. Letter seeking permission for data collection 75
C. Consent form of the patient 76
D. Tools for data collection 77-98
E. Formula used for analysis of data 99

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16
 CHAPTER - I
INTRODUCTION

Cataract occurs when the lens loses its transparency thereby scattering or
absorbing light that visual acuity is compromised worldwide. Cataract is the most
common cause of blindness and visual impairment. A cataract is a clouding or
opacification of the crystalline lens of the eye, which causes a gradual progressive
decrease in visual acuity eventually leading to Blindness.

The word “cataract” is derived from the Latin word ‘cataract’ meaning ‘waterfall’.
The grey white appearance of the mature cataract was thought to look like the streaky
white appearance of falling water, therefore cataract is defined as the opacity or clouding
that develops on the eye lens. (Common eye health 2012).

Cataract are most commonly due to aging but may occurred due to trauma,
radiation exposure, vitamin deficiency, smoking, congenital or following surgery. Other
risk factor including diabetes, prolonged exposure to sunlight and alcohol intake. (Raton
f2 2005).

The clinical manifestation of cataract depend on the cataract location in the lens
(either nuclear, subcapsular or central cataract). Cataract are painless and often progress
slowly . so many year may pass before the patient experience symptoms. If only one eye
develops a cataract. The patient may not experience symptoms as long as the sight of the
other remain stable common symptoms of cataract include blurred vision. Colors appear
faded. Frequent change of prescription eye glasses, poor night vision, seeing a halo around
light and sensitivity to bright sunlight or headlight. (Stanley J.2015) .

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION- Conforms the 42 million blindness in

the world of which 17 million (40%) are blind due to cataract and about 13 million of
these are in developing countries. In India every year more than 4 million people become
blind due to cataract. Cataract is an age related disorder and hence its incidence increase
linearly with increase in the longevity. In western countries 15% people over 50 years
suffer from cataract. While in developing countries like India it is about 40 % it is
predicted that there will be 40 million people turn blind from cataract by the year 2025
possibly due to rapid increase in older population.

WHO (2008) has a target toward vision 2020 a demolish blindness by the year 2020 with
the mission of “The Right to Sight.

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 THE 4th REPORT OF NATIONAL EYE DATABASE (2010)
Reported that the number of patient for cataract operation is increasing every year. There
were 12.798 patient registered in the year 2002 which is increased to 28.506 patient in the
year 2010. The main age for cataract surgery is 64-65 year . it is also reported that 42.6%
cataract surgery were done a day care centers in the year 2008. 47.2% in 2009 and 51.5%
in 2010.

Over the year the number of techniques have been evolved in cataract
surgery include intra and extra capsular cataract extraction, mini-mum, phaco-section,
sandwich, phaconit , phaco-emulsification etc.

The main motto of revolution is to develop safe and successful procedure.

The incidence of complication has significantly decrease with better techniques and
preoperative evaluation . however some immediate and later complication can occurs
unfortunately hospital personnel often inaccurately assess patient functional status and
overestimate patient knowledge of required self care activity. Most of the patient who
have undergone surgical procedure have doubts regarding the post operative self care
activities after returning to their home . the most common concern where the wound care,
Pain management ,daily activity level, complication ,symptoms management ,elimination
and quality of life.

Commonly encounter difficulties in the daily living activities were reading

,watching television , cooking ,driving, and even walking and yet the self care activities
like looking after the incision wound post operatively eye drop instillation and monitoring
complication and so on. Insufficient or inadequate knowledge of patient who underwent
for surgery can result numerous complication.

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NEED OF STUDY:-
Cataract blindness is a public health problem of major proportions in developing countries
intracapsular cataract extraction with aphasic spectacles has been standard surgical
techniques for restoring and industrialized world leading cause of blindness are an
enormous public health problem in both developing and industrialized countries.

In World the incidence of new cases of cataract blindness is unknown globally in

incidence figure of 1000 new blind people from cataract per million population per year is
used for planning purposes in developing countries. The age- standardized prevalence of
blindness in adult older than so remain highest in western sub-Saharan Africa with a rate
of 6.0%.

In India the WHO/ NPCB (national programme for control of blindness) survey has
shown that there is a backing of over 22 million blind eye (12million blind people ) in
India and 80.1% of these are blind due to cataract the annual incidence of cataract
blindness is about 3.8 million people become blind from cataract each year.

In Chhattisgarh at least 2 people lost vision in one year after underwent cataract
operation at a private hospital here in Chhattisgarh .

In Jagdalpur the prevalence of cataract was higher in the age group of 51-60 year
(45.1%) the most common prevalence type of cataract was found to be mature cataract in
50.5% of cases followed by hyper-mature cataract in 34.7% of cases the overall incidence
of capsular rupture was 4.7% highest rate of in tumescent cataract followed by 51% of
patient recovered to normal vision of 6/6 41.2% of patient had corrected vision from 6/60
to 6/18.

According to the American society of cataract 3 million Americans undergo cataract

each years. With an overall sues rate of 98%or higher.

as we embark upon the 21 st century cataract surgery has become one of the most
frequent, commonest and safest procedure performed in ophthalmology department .
phaco-emulsification is the most recent innovation and most frequently used micro
incision techniques in extra capsular extraction. Phaco-emulsification counts for 98% of
cataract surgery. Study reveals that successful return to useful vision is accomplished by
more than 95% of patient after surgery.

According to WHO :-the rising incidence 5-6 million cataract operation annually will
have to be performed as against the rate of 1.7 million per year india is undertaking a new
long term initiative to expand the capability of cataract surgery and services level with
financial assistance from the world bank.

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Radhika et al: –knowledge, attitude, practices regarding cataract surgery.

In the present study 81% were illiterates and 50% were unemployed majority of them
(67%0 were female knowledge about cataract related to at what age it occurs and how it
occurs was found statistically significant with relation to education regarding reason for
not getting surgery done 64 (21.3%) cases cited lack of eswrt as the region 148 (49.3%)
cases manage with existing eyesight 49 (16.3%) cases cited economic lesion.

There are lot of misconception regarding cataract and its surgery among the public
we need to explore their myths regarding cataract surgery and bridge the gap between
their knowledge and the actual causes and thus prevent cataract blindness.

International peer-reviewed journal-vol-13 (2015)assess the knowledge on post-

operative self care activities among patient who have undergone cataract surgery. The
result showed that most of the subject did not restrict their diet after the cataract surgery
and knew that infection or injury might occur after cataract surgery. There were 43% of
the subjects, who have chosen the correct techniques or cleaning the eye before instilling
the eye drops or ointment. Most of the subject knew the importance of hand hygiene
before instillation of eye drops all subject knew the importance of regular follow-up after
surgery.

There is a need for- re-enforcement to the patient though education to improve the
knowledge on post- operative self care following cataract surgery.

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21
 OBJECTIVE

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM :-
A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding pre and post operative care of
cataract among the patient undergoing cataract surgery in a Govt. Maharani Hospital
at Jagdalpur, with a view to develop an information pamphlet .

OBJECTIVE:-

1. To assess the knowledge regarding pre and post operatives care of cataract
among the patient undergoing cataract surgery .
2. To find out the association between level of knowledge with socio
demographic variables .

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:-

ASSESS :- evaluate or estimate the nature, ability or quality.

KNOWLEDGE :- Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness or understanding of

someone or something, such as fact, information, description or skill which is acquired
through experience or evaluation by perceiving, discovering or learning

PREOPERATIVE CARE :- Care given before surgery when physical and

psychological preparation are made for the operation. According to the individual needs of
the patients.

POSTOPERATIVE CARE :- Post operative care is the management of a patient

after surgery. This include care given during the immediate postoperative period. Both in
the operating room and the post anesthesia care unit as well as during the days following
surgery.

CATARACT :- The cataract is defined as the clouding of the lens of the eye or of its
surrounding transparent membrane that obstruct the passage of light.

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SURGERY:- Surgery is a medical specialist that uses operative manual and
instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as
a disease or injury to help improve body function or appearance or to repair unwanted
ruptured area.

PATIENT:- A patient is a person who is receiving medical treatment from a doctors or

hospitals.

PAMPLET:- A small booklet or leaflet containing information or arguments about a

single subject.

VARIABLES:-

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:- Socio demographic variables .

DEPENDENT VARIABLE:- Knowledge level of the patient under going cataract .

surgery .

ASSUMPTION:-
The patient may have inadequate knowledge regarding cataract surgery and care
related to pre and post operative care.

DELIMITATION:-
1. The study is limited to only patient undergoing cataract surgery in hospital.
2. Generalization is not possible due to small sample size.
3. The study are conducted of Maharani Hospital Jagdalpur.

SUMMARY:-
The chapter introduction has details with problem statement, objective, operational
definition, assumption of the study and delimitation of the study.

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24
 CHAPTER – II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A review of literature is an essential aspect of scientific study . It involves the
systematic identification , location , scrutiny and summary of written materials that
contain information on a research problem . It broadens the views of the
investigation , help in focusing on the issues specifically concerning the study .

POLIT AND HUNGLER (1999) : - Review of related literature is an essential

aspect of scientific research . It involves the systematic identification of location scripture
and summary of the written material that contain information on a research problem . It
gives understanding and gains an insight necessary for the development of a broad ,
conceptual context in to which problem fit .

REVIEW OF LITERATURE : –
According to ANA – 2000 – ‘’ A literature review is a body of tent that aims to review the
critical point of knowledge on a particular topic of research . ‘’

Axelesson 1973 – The drug tri-paranol , which is used to treat hyper-cholestorlaemia

cataractogenic . A wide range of drugs and hormones are known to alter ion
permeabilities. Any substance that increases sodium permeability is likely to be
potentially cataractogenic .

Harding and crabbe , 1984 – A cataracts , as did 30% of those receiving 10 – 15 mg

daily , and 80% of those receiving more than 15mg per day. In a study of patients
receiving topical corticosteroids following keratoplasty . SOS of patients developed
cataract after receiving 765 drops of 0.1 dexamethason over 10.5 months .

DAVIDSON AND OTHER 1992 :– In a recent study 34% of eyes hed post operative
synechiae ( Davidson and others 1992 ) , thought only 5% of the eye were reported to
have clinical uveitis. This uveitis can also lead to significant correaloedema and can
contribute to the development of after cataract , post operative inflammatory membranes
may be found in a third of patient within 6 to 18 months of surgery .

MARTIN AND OTHERS ( 1993 ) :– Recently the use of tissue plasminosen activator

25
(TPA ) in such circumstances has been reported by martin and others ( 1993 ) , 25 mg
injection retrospective report , with fibrin clots being 90% eliminated within three hours of
its administration .

MYSORE (2000) JANWARY :- The surgery conducted in 2000 Jan three types of
delivery of cataract surgery were studied : mobile government camps , walk – in services
at a state medical college hospital , and patients transported in form satellite clinics to a
non government hospital . They assessed outcomes in a systemic sample of patient
operated on in 1996 – 97 by follow – up at home , average costs by provider derived from
actual expenditures during the year .

Almost half the patients operated on in government camps were dissatisfied with
the outcome (34- /70 , 49% [95% (36- 61]) . More than one third were blind in the
operated eye (25 / 70 , 36% [ 25 – 49 ] ) user satisfaction was higher with other providers
Medical college hospital 82% [ 63 – 94 ]: non – government hospital 85% .( 72 – 93 ) ,
and fewer patients remained blind camps were a low – cost option , but the poor
outcomes reduced their cost – effectiveness to user per patient .

The state medical college hospital was least cost–effective at user 6 per patient,
and the Non governmental hospital was the most cost – effective at user per patient . The
government of India should review its policy for government campus surgery and consider
alternatives , such as transporting patient to better permanent facilities .

India and other developing countries should monitor outcomes in cataract surgery
programmes , as well as through put .

NEAULT 2005 – The cataract patient are discharged from ambulatory surgery centers
soon after surgery and must be able to perform post – operative self care at home . The
preparation for self care the discharge of the patient has to be well performed.
(Doeringetal 2010) There is always a meet to establish useful and effective way to deliver
information to patient .

POLACK ETAL ( 2007 ) – Cataract visual impairment can have a major negative
effect on the quality of older peoples live and can result in difficulties with daily living
activities . Commonly encountered were reading , watching television , looking , driving
and even walking and get the self – care activities like looking after the incision wound
post- operatively , eye drop instillation , monitoring complication and so on.

26
JUSTION JULY 2007 –
The study included all patient aged 12 year and above who underwent cataract
surgery from july 10 . oct 10 . 2007 patient who were younger than 12 years were
excluded as they may be to young to comprehend and properly narrate their preoperative
expctiations and post operative out comes two hundreds patient were uppruched and
requested to take part with all of them aqreeing to participate in the study of these 179 (
89% ) of them provided followed – up until the 5th week out of these 106 ( 59 . 2% ) of
them were males and to female ratio of 1.5:1 their age ranged form 12 year to 100 years
with mean age of 58. 3 years and median of 58 year .

ACCORDING TO RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY FOUNDATION

DARK AND LIGHT IN NIGERIA 2007 – Many people with cataract or couched
eye reported more than one factor responsible for not having surgery . One common
reason , however , mentioned by most is the inability to affort the treatment ( 61% ) .

This research show that 51 . 7% of the responds said cataract surgery is not
affordable . When asked of which source of information they think can easily motivate
people to go for cataract surgery . Based on the finding of this study of following
recommendation are suggested . Improve awareness campaign among people about
cataract surgery and related to blindness through mass media community sentilization and
mobilization .

MALONEY WEISS ( 2008) :- National eye department reported that age related
cataract cause of self – care ability and affect the quality of life directly . It is vital to
ensure that patients informational need have been met prior to hospital discharge sets the
stage for successful self management of recovery at home .

DECROOS & AFSHARI ( 2008 ) : - There is some degree of post operative ocular
inflammation which occurs after cataract surgery in both the anterior and posterior
segments of the eye . Conjunctival hyperaemia , anterior chamber cells and flare and
cystoids muscular oedema are some possible signs of inflammation encountered after
cataract surgery . The severity of the inflammation varies from the patient to patient to. In
most cases , the inflammation is self – limiting , but drug therapy is used to hasten
resolution and increase ocular comfort after surgery .

27
PETRA BRIDGE MOHAN & SUBHAS SHARMA – BETWEEN 2009
& 2014 :-
Restrospective study was done on 401 patients who had undergone cataract
surgery . The aims to evaluate factors associated borderline and poor outcome was seen in
350 ( 67% ) eyes . The fitted model consisted of ocular co- morbidity ( 2.133; 95% CI
[1.346- 3.380 ] ) . There is need for community based outreach to increase of eye health.

VIU ET-AL ( 2010 ) :- Patient who have undergone surgical procedure after have self –
care concern in their preparation for discharge from the hospital most of the surgical
patient have doubts regarding the post operative self care activities after returning to their
home .

Discharge form hospital process a potential threat to surgical patient lives because
they have to cope in daily life with the consequence of the illness and surgery . If cataract
patient receive insufficience or inadequate knowledge of post – operative care after
surgery , then patient will be left in confusion , as the result numerous complication would
occure anytime , anywhere .

BR. J OPTHALMOL ( 2010 ) : - The number of cataract surgery performed world form
7 million in 1995 to 12 million in 2000, 20 million by 2010 and 32 million by 2020
(WHO World sight vision 2020 ) .

Based on the WHO estimates about 18 million people are blind in develop countries
with Africa accounting for 7 million of cataract with estimated 600,000 articles becoming
blind from cataract each year .

GLOBAL BURDEN 2010 :- The frequency – based ranking did not change between
1990 and 2010 . However large difference 1990 and 2010 . However large differance
according to region . In 2010 the percentage of blindiness caused of were apparent when
analysed according to region . In 2010 the percentage of blindness caused by cataract
ranged from <15 % in high socioeconomic region .

ACCORDING TO ARTICLES SURGERY 147 (3), 318 – 380, 2010 : - Back ground
safe surgical practice requires a combination of technical and non technical abilities . Both
sets of skills can be impaired by intra – operative stress , compromising performance and
patient safety . This systematic review aims to assess the effects of intra – operative stress
on surgical performance methods a systematic search strategy was implemented to obtain
relevant articles .

WHO ( 2012 ) : - Cataract is the most common cause of blindness in the world an
estimated 17 million person are blind from cataract world wide making it the leading
cause of visual loss . As the proportion of people aged 60 years and older in the world in

28
the world population increase a shift in burden of eye disease to age related cause will
accure resulting in cataract according for an even greater proportion of visual loss .

KHANEL AT 2008 - ROSADO & AFSHARI 2012 : -

The surgical care of cataract include also exposure to the light of the microscope and
perioperative use of ocular drugs that may produce ocular surface stress response and
irritation .

ROSADO ADAMES & AFSHARI ( 2012 ):- The present review of the literature of
examines studies reporting result from trails using the phaco-emulsification technique , as
phaco-emulsification is the most commonly used technique and is belived to be less
traumatic than conventional intra-capsular and extra-capsular cataract extraction .

ACCORDING TO THE COCHRANE DATA BASE OF SYSTEMIC REVIRWS 3,

CD 007293, 2012:- Cataract surgery is practiced widely and substantial resources are
committed to an increasing cataract surgical rate in developing countries , with the current
volume of cataract surgery and the increase in the future , it is critical to optimize the
safety and cost effectiveness of this procedure. Most cataracts are performed on older
individuals with correspondingly high systemic and ocular co-morbidities .

PQULO UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (2013):-

According to surgery conduced , on the attitude of cataract patient toward surgery 28.8%
were afraid of undergoing surgery of those , 16.3% cited fear of dying during surgery .
55.1% through that they might become blind 40.8% believed that surgery will be painful,
8.2% follow religious practice that forbid surgery and 16.4% knew some who underwent
cataract surgery and had their vision worsened. This surgery also evidence that
misconception and fatalistic attitude accounts for behavioural pattern are important factors
leading to cataract related blindness due to lack of appropriate surgery.

ACCORDING TO SURVEY CONDUCTED IN PAWLO DEPARTMENT OF

OPHTHALMOLOGY (2013) :- On the attitude of cataract patient toward surgery 28.8%
were afraid of undergoing surgery of those . 16.3% cited fear of dying during surgery ,
55,1 throught that might become blind, 40.8% believed that surgery will be painful. 8.2
follow religious practices that for bit surgery and 16.4% knew some who under want
cataract surgery and had their vision worsened. This surgery also evident that
misconception and fatalistic attitude accodents to behavior pattern are important factor
leading to contract related blindness due to lack of appropriate surgery.

DECROSS & AFSHARI 2008; BEHNDING ET AT 2013: -

Steroidal agents and steroidal anti inflammatory drugs are used to prevent and treat the
post operative inflammation occurring after surgery. Antibiotics are commonly used to

29
prevent post operative ocular infections such as end ophthalmities. I other instruction of
care, patients may also be advised to use an eye shield on the operated eye for the first 24
hours.

ROBCIUS EL AT 2014: - In addition topically applied ocular drugs are used in the post
operative care and some patients related to the post operative drugs therapy.

ACCORDING TO JOURNAL OF CURRENT OPTHALMOLOGY 28 (3), 101- 105,

2016:-

Purpose to investigate recent evidence in prophylaxis and management of post – cataract

surgery endophthalmitis. Methods we conducted a literature search using combined
database for post cataract surgery endophthamitis , and reevent articles were selected from
original english papers published since 2015 . Results fortynine articles were published
regarding post cataract surgery endophthalmitis from January 2015 to February 2016.

30
31
 CHAPTER –III
METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION:- Research methodology refer to state procedure and step, strategy

for gathering and analysis data in a research involved. Research methodology is a way to
systematically solve the research problem. It is a science of studying how research is done
significantly.

This chapter describes the methodology adopted for assess the knowledge regarding pre
and post operative care of cataract. This methodology includes recent approach, design,
and setting, criteria for selection of setting, population, sample size and sampling
technique development of tools and data collection method.

RESEARCH APPROACH-

[1] A research approach guide the researcher what to do , whom have to collect the data
method of intervention need to apply have to analysis and interrelated at the result it is
overall plan for obtaining answer to research question or for testing research hypothesis
[AC to KERLINGER].

[2] Plan and the procedure for research that spam the steps from broad assumption to
detailed method of data collection, analysis and interpretation.

In this study quantitative research approach is used.

RESEARCH DESIGN – Non- experimental descriptive research design is used.

The research design is the plan, structure and strategy of investigation of answering the
research question is overall plan or blue print. The researchers select to carry out their
study.

[A/C to B. T. Basavanthappa]

Research design is a plan of how, when and where data are to be collected and analyzed.
[A/c to Suresh K. Sharma]

32
 RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive research study

TARGET PAPULATION All the patient undergoing cataract surgery .

ACCESSIBLE PAPULATION
Patient undergoing cataract surgery in Govt. Maharani Hospital Jagdalpur .

SETTING OF THE STUDY

Eye ward Govt. Maharani Hospital Jagdalpur

SAMPLING TECHNINQUE Purposive

SAMPLE SIZE 60 patient

Dependent Independent

Knowledge level of the patient

VARIABLES
Socio demographic variable
undergoing cataract Patient

surgery
Socio demographic variable Age, sex family type , qualification , occupation income
residential area previous knowledge, source of knowledge.

DATA COLLECTION

DATA ANALYASIS Mean , % , SD

FINDING AND CONCLUSION

REPORT WRITING

Figure: - schematic diagram of research design

33
THE RESEARCH DESIGN INCLUDE MAJOR ELEMENTS :-
1] The approach.

2] Population, sample and sampling techniques.

3] The time, place and sources of data collection.

4] Tools and method of data collection.

5] Method of data analysis.

* The research design to research plan for obtaining ever to research question and for
testing knowledge. It is designed with objective of evaluation the level of knowledge
regarding pre and post operative care of cataract surgery in a Govt. Maharani Hospital at
Jagdalpur.

* Research design is a blue print for conducting a study that maximizes control factor.

* That could interfere with the validity of the finding.

* The research design selected for the study was descriptive study for assessing the
knowledge regarding pre and post operative care of cataract among the patient undergoing
cataract surgery in a Govt. maharani hospital at Jagdalpur.

SETTING OF THE STUDY:-

The study was conducted in a selecting hospital Govt. maharani hospital jagdalpur.

‘‘ The physical location and condition in which data collection takes place in the study.’’

For the research study , site is the eye ward, Maharani Hospital Jagdalpur, Baster [C.G.];
which is 100 bedded and the eye ward is 14 bedded and well facilitated.

CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF SETTING OF THE SDUDY –

* It should be feasible.

* Ethical acceptability.

* Relevance.

* It should be convenient to the research.

34
TARGET POPULATION :-‘‘The target or study population is the population which
meets the criteria for inclusion stimulated by researcher’’. [A/c to KEDAR PARAHOO ]

Target population is the aggregate of cases about which the researcher would like to
generalize.

For the present study assess knowledge regarding pre and post operative care of cataract
among the patient undergoing cataract surgery in a Govt. Maharani Hospital Jagdalpur ,
Baster.

ACCESSIBLE POPULATION –
The accessible or source population is the aggregate of cases that conform to designated
criteria and that are accessible as subject for a study. [A/c to POLIT BECK ]

For the present study eye O.T. in Maharani Hospital Jagdalpur, Baster.

SAMPLE AND SAMPLE SIZE –

SAMPLE –

1. A proportion or subject of the population is known as sample .

2. The sample is a representative unit of a target population , which is to be worked upon

by researcher during their study.

‘‘ In this study , sample is patient undergoing cataract surgery in a Govt. Maharani

Hospital at Jagdalpur’’.

SAMPLE SIZE –

A sample size may depend upon the nature of population , number of subjects group ,
nature of study , type of sampling , availability of time and money. [A/c to ELAKUVAN
BHASKARA RAJ ]

‘’In this , sample size is 60 patients’’

SAMPLE TECHNIQUES-

Sampling is the process of selecting a reprentative unit to the population , thus a carefully
carried out sampling process helps to draw a sample that represents the charecteristics of
the population from which the sample is drawn. [A/c to SURESH K. SHARMA ]

‘’In this study purposive sampling technique is used’’.

35
SAMPLING CRITERIA –
INCLUSION CRITERIA –

- Patient undergoing cataract surgery we are studying in the selected Maharani Hospital
Jagdalpur.

- Patient undergoing cataract surgery who are willing to participate in the study.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA –

- Patient under going cataract surgery would present at the time of data collection .

- Patient under going cataract surgery are willing to participate in the study .

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL –

The researcher questionnaire and socio – demographic data to find out the knowledge
regarding pre and post operative care of cataract among the patient undergoing cataract
surgery in a Govt. Maharani Hospital at Jagdalpur.

The tools were prepared on the basic of the objectives of the study . The following
steps were adapted prior the development of the tool.

-Review of literature.

-Content validity.

-Reliability.

The tool used in this study are.

SECTION-[A] – This section consist socio demographic variables.

SECTION [B] – This section consist knowledge relevant question regarding pre and post
operative care of cataract among the patient undergoing cataract surgery it content 30
question.

DESCRIPTION OF TOOL:-
The questionnaire were organized in two question.

SECTION [A] – This section consist of socio demographic variables.

SECTION [B]- This section consist knowledge relevant question regarding pre and post
operative care of cataract among the patient undergoing cataract surgery , it content 30
question.

36
SCORING – From section B each right answer has one mark.

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION:-

A formal written permission taken form Principal Govt. College of Nursing Jagdalpur
Bastar [C.G.], to conduct the study . Data is collected form patient in cataract surgery of
Maharani Hospital Jagdalpur Bastar[C.G.] The purpose of study was to assess the
knowledge regarding pre and post operative care of cataract. Through purposive sample to
assess the knowledge of patient regarding cataract surgery. It look 20 min for multiple
choice question for each patient . The multiple choice question was taken with the help of
we are structured questionnaire containing 30 question. The patient cooperated well the
researcher give thank after the completion of the data collection.

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS –

PILOT AND HUNGER – Data analysis is the systematic organization and santhesis of
research data and and testing of research data .

- The data were analysed according to objective of the study using the descriptive and
inferential statistics such as ,

- Frequency and percentage distribution were computed for describing demographic

variable

- Level of knowledge were analyzed in term of frequencies, percentage , mean , mean%

standard deviation and were presented in the form of column diagram .

- chi- Square test was computed to describe the association between the sample and their
demographic variables.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION – The research problem and objective where

approved by the research committee.

Formal permission was taken from the higher authority to conduct the study. Information
concerned was taken from all patient hospital Jagdalpur , Baster [C. G.] .The purpose of
study to assess the knowledge level of the patient undergoing cataract surgery
confidentiality was maintain during the data collection .

SUMMARY
This chapter of methodology dealt with the research approach , research design, setting of
study , population sample and sampling technique, development of structured
questionnaire , data collection and plan for data analysis.

37
38
 CHAPTER -IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Introduction
In this chapter present the analysis and of the data collection from the sample to
a descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding pre and post operative care
of cataract among the patient undergoing cataract surgery in a Govt. College of
Nursing Jagdalpur with a view to develop an information pamphlet .

The analysis was done in order to achieve the following objectives of the study .

Kerlinger ( 1973) has defend analysis as the categorizing ordering manipulating and
summarizing of the data to obtain answer to research question . the purpose of
analysis is to reduce the to intelligible and interpretable forms so that relation of
problem can be studied and tested .

OBJECTIVE :-
1. To assess the knowledge regarding pre and post operative care of cataract
among the patient undergoing cataract surgery .
2. To find out association between level of knowledge with socio-demographic
variables .

ORGANIZATION AND PRENTATION OF DATA

Data were organized the following section

Section A :- Demographic variables of patient undergoing cataract surgery.

Section B :- Finding related to knowledge of score of patient regarding pre and post
operative care of cataract .

Section C :- Over all analysis knowledge score using mean , mean percentage &
standard deviation.

Section D :- Chi- square analysis to find out association between level of knowledge of
patients and socio demographic variable Age in year , sex ,family type ,
qualification , occupation , income / month , residential area , previous knowledge ,
source of knowledge .

39
Section A :- Demographic variables of patient undergoing cataract surgery.
Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variable of patient to age in
Year, Sex, Family type, qualification, occupation, income per month, residential area,
previous knowledge , source of knowledge .

40
Previous DEMOGRAPHIC PERCENTAGE
Knowledge, VARIABLES FREQUENCY(f) (%)
Source of
Knowledge.
S.NO.
1. Age in year
(A) 21-30 5 8.33
10 16.66
(B) 31-40
15 25.00
(C) 41-50
30 50.0
(D) Above 50

2. Sex

(A) Male 25 41.6

(B) Female 35 58.3

3.
Family type
(A) Nuclear family 13 21.66
(B) Joint family 47 78.33

4. Qualification
47 78.33
(A) Illiterate
(B) Primary education 8 13.33
(C) Higher secondary 3 5
(D) Graduate and more 2 3.33

5. Occupation
(A) Unemployment
13 21.67
(B) Farmer 37 61.66
(C) Privet job 10 16.66
(D) Govt .jobs 0 0

6.
Income / month
(A) 0-5,000 13 21.66
(B) 5,001-1000 22 36.66
(C) 10,001-15,00 12 20
10 1.66
(D) 15,001-20,000 41 7 11.66
(E) Above 20,000
7. Residential Area
(A) Rural 57 95
2 5
(B) Urban
8.
Previous knowledge
(A) Yes 25 41.66
(B) No 37 58.33

9. Sources of knowledge
(A) News paper 1 1.66
(B) Mass media 3 5
8 13.33
(C) Friends
13 21.00
(D) Doctors
37 61.66s
(E) No previous
knowledge

Table no -1 Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variable of patient

undergoing cataract surgery.

42
 Figure No.-1

AGE
Depict that the distribution of the subject based on age majority of population were 8.33%
in 21-30 year, 16.67% in 31-40 year , 25.0% in 41-50 year, 50% in above 50 year

. N=60

AGE
50%
50.00%
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00% 25.00%
25.00% percentage %
20.00% 16.67% Column3
15.00%
8.33%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
21-30 year 31-40 year 41-50 year above50 year

Figure-1:- column diagram showing distribution of the subject according to the age .

43
 Figure No.-2

SEX
Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the sex were 41.6 7% in male
and 58.33% in female.

N=60

SEX

58.33%
60.00%

50.00% 41.67%
40.00%

30.00%

20.00%
Column2
10.00%
PERCENTAGE%
0.00%
male female

Figure:- Column diagram showing distribution of the subject according to sex

44
 Figure No.-3

F AMILY TYPE
Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the family type majority of
the population were 21.67% in nuclear family and 78.33% in joint family .

N=60

FAMILY TYPES

78.33%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
percentage%
50.00%
Column2
40.00%
30.00% 21.67% Column3
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Nuclear family Joint family

Figure -3 column diagram showing distribution of subject according to family type

45
 Figure No.-4

QUALIFICATION

Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the family type majority of the
population were 78.33% in illiterate , 13. 33% in primary education 5.0% in higher
secondary ,3.33% in graduate And more .

N=60

QUALIFICATION

78.33%
80.00%

60.00%

40.00%

Colu…
Colu…

PERC…
20.00% 13.33%
5.0% 3.33%
0.00%
illiterate primary education higher secondary graduate and more
education

Figure -4 column diagram showing distribution of the subject according to

qualification .

46
 Figure No.-5

OCCUPATION
Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the occupation majority of the
population were 21.67% in unemployment , 61.67% in farmer , 16.66% in private job,
0% in Govt. job.

OCCOUPATION
70.00%
61.67%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00% 21.67%
percentage%
20.00% 16.66%
Column2
10.00%
Column3
0.00%
0%

Figure - 5. Column diagram showing distribution of subject according to occupation .

47
 Figure No.-6

INCOME

Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the income majority of the
population were . 21.67% in ,0-5,000/- ,36.67% in 5,001-10,000, 20.0% in 10,001-
15,000,16.66% in 15,001-20,000 and 5.0% in above 20,000.

N=60

INCOME

40.00% 36.67%

35.00%

30.00%

25.00% 21.67%
20.00%
20.00% 17%

15.00%
Column3
10.00% 5.00%
Column2
5.00%
percentage%
0.00%
0-5,000 5.001-10000 100001-15000 15001-20000 above20,000

Figure-6 column diagram showing distribution of subject according to income

48
 Figure No.-7

RESIDENTIAL AREA

Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the residential area majority of
the were population were 95% in rural area, and 5% in urban area .

N=60

RESIDENTIAN AREA

95%
100%

80%

60%

40%
Column1
20% 5%
PERCENTAGE%
0%
rural urban

Figure -7 column diagram showing percentage distribution of subject according to

residential area .

49
 Figure No.-8

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE

Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the previous knowledge majority
of the population were 41.66% in yes , and no 58 .33% in no .

N=60

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE

58.33%
60.00%

50.00% 41.66%
40.00%

30.00%

20.00%
Column1
10.00%
PERCENTAGE%
0.00%
yes no

Figure no -8: –column diagram showing percentage distribution of subject according

to previous knowledge .

50
 Figure No.-9

SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE

Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the source of knowledge
majority of the population were 1.67% news paper, 5.0% mass media , 13.33%
friends , 21.67% doctor and 58.33% no previous knowledge .

N=60

SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE

58.33%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00% percentage
30.00% 21.67% Column2
20.00% 13.33%
Column3
5.00%
10.00% 1.67%
0.00%
new paper mass friends doctor no
media previous
knowledge

Figure 9 :- column diagram showing that distribution of subject according to source

of knowledge:-

51
 SECTION - B
Finding related to knowledge of score of patient regarding pre and post operative
care of cataract .

Poor Average Good

Variable Frequency Frequency

Frequency percent percent percent

knowledge 48 80% 12 20% 0 0%

Table no 2 :- Depict the frequency 48 comes under poor knowledge group showing
80% frequency 12 comes under average knowledge showing 20% and frequency 0
comes under good knowledge showing 0%.

52
 SECTION –C
Over all analysis knowledge score using mean , mean percentage & standard
deviation.

N=60

S .NO MEAN MEAN STANDURD

(KNOWLEDGE) PERCENT DEVIATION

1. 11.96 19.93% 3.4347

Table-3 :- Depict that the total mean 11.96, mean percentage 19.93% and standard
deviation 3.4347.

53
 SECTION– D Chi- square analysis to find out association between level of
knowledge of patients and socio demographic variable Age in year, sex , family type,
qualification , occupation , income / month , residential area , previous knowledge ,
source of knowledge .

S.NO VARIABLES KNOWLEDGE CHI- DEGREE CRITICAL REFERENCE

SCORE SQUAR OF VALUE
E FREEDOM
VALUE

1. Age in year Good Average Poor

(A) 21-30 0 1 4

(B) 31-40 0 2 8 0.6248 6 12.59 Non–

significant
(C)41-50 0 4 11

(D)Above 50 0 5 25

2. Sex

(A) Male 0 8 17
3.85 2 5.99 Non-
(B)Female 0 4 31 significant

3. Family type

(A)Nuclear 0 6 7
family 7.07 2 5.99 Significant

(B) Joint family 0 6 41

54
 .

4. Qualification
.
(A) Illiterate 0 6 41

(B) Primary
education 0 3 5
8.299 6 12.59 Non–
(C) Higher significant
secondary 0 2 1

(D) Graduate and 0 1 1

more

Occupation
5.
(A) unemploym 0 3 10
ent
(B) farmer 0 4 33
7.645 6 12.59 Non–
(C) privet job 0 5 5 significant

(D) Govt.job 0 0 0

Income /month
6.
(A) 0-5,000 0 1 12

(B) 5,001-1000 0 3 19

(C)10,001-15,00 0 2 10 8.427 8 15.51 Non-

significant
(D)15,001-20,000 0 4 6

(E)Above 20,000 0 6 1

7. Residential Area

(A)rural 0 10 47
4.2965 2 5.99 Non-
(B)Urban 0 1 1 significant

55
8. Previous
knowledge

(A) Yes 0 10 15
10.71 2 5.99
(B) No 0 2 35 Significant
5
9. Source of
knowledge

(A) News paper 0 1 0

(B) Mass media 0 1 2

(C) Friends 0 3 5 12.279 8 15.51

Non-
(D) Doctors 0 5 8 significant

(E) No previous 0 2 35
knowledge

Table no -4 :- Analysis to find out association between level of knowledge of patients

and socio demographic variable Age in year , sex ,family type , qualification ,
occupation , income / month , residential area , previous knowledge , source of
knowledge .

56
Description of table :- Depicts that there is a association between the knowledge with
sociodemographic variables the revert that their was the significant association between
the knowledge and sociodemographic variables .

There was significant association of the family type of the patient undergoing cataract
surgery critical value is 5.99 or Chi- square value is 7.07. Previous knowledge critical
value 5.99 or chi square value 10.71.

57
58
 CHAPTER –V
DISCUSSION
This chapter the finding of the study to find out the level of knowledge of the patient
undergoing cataract surgery in Govt. Maharani Hospital at Jagdalpur. In order to achieve
that objective of the study.

The finding study have been discussed with the reference to the objectives.

OBJECTIVE :-
1. To assess the knowledge regarding pre and post operative care of cataract among the
patient undergoing cataract surgery.

2. To find out the association between level of knowledge with socio demographic
variables.

“SECTION – A”
Subject according to age :-

TABLE – 1. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on age majority of
population were . 8.3 % in 21-30 year .

16.6% in 31- 40 year, 25.0% , 14- 50 year , 50% in above 50 year .

Subject according to the SEX :-

TABLE – 2. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the sex .Were 41.67% in
male and 58. 33% in female .

Subject according to the family type : -

TABLE – 3. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the family type majority
of the population were 21.67% in nuclear family and 78.33% in joint family .

Subject according to the the qualification :-

TABLE -4. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the qualification majority
of population were . 78. 33% in illiterate , 13.33% in Primary education , 5.0% in Higher
Secondary , 3. 33% in Graduate and more .

59
Subject according to the occupation :-

TABLE – 5. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on occupation majority of
the population were 21.67% in, Unemployment 61.67% in farmer , 16.66% in private job
0% in Government job .

Subject according to the Income :-

TABLE – 6. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the income majority of
the population were 0-5000/- in 21.67% ,5001-10,000/-in 36.67%,10,001-15,000/- in
20.0% 15,001-20,000/- in 16.66% above the 20,000/- in 5.0% .

Subject according to the Residential area :-

TABLE – 7. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the residential area
majority of the population were 95% in rural area , 5% in urban area .

Subject according to the Previous knowledge :-

TABLE -8. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the previous knowledge
majority of the population were 41.66% in yes and 58.33% in No .

TABLE -9. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the source of
knowledge majority of population were 1.67% news paper ,5.0% mass media
,13.33% friends ,21.67% doctor and 53.33% no previous knowledge .

“ SECTION :- B”
Depict the frequency 48 comes under poor knowledge group showing 80% frequency
12 comes under average knowledge showing 20% and frequency 0 comes under
good knowledge showing 0%.

“SECTION :- C”
Depict that the total mean 11.96, mean percentage 19.93% and standard deviation
3.4347.

“SECTION :- D”
Chi- square analysis to find out association between level of knowledge of patients and
socio demographic variable Age in year, sex , family type, qualification , occupation ,
income / month , residential area , previous knowledge , source of knowledge .

60
61
 CHAPTER- VI
SUMMARY
This chapter present the summary of the study findings and its application for
nursing and health care services and ends with recommendation for further
research in this field .

SUMMARY OF THE STUDY -

The purpose of the study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding pre and
post operative care of cataract at Govt. Maharani Hospital Jagdalpur .

PROBLEM STETEMENT
A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding pre and post operative care of
cataract among the patient undergoing cataract surgery in a Govt. Maharani Hospital
at Jagdalpur, with a view to develop an information pamphlet .

OBJECTIVE –
1. To assess the knowledge regarding pre and post operative care of cataract among the
patient undergoing cataract surgery.

2. To find out the association between level of knowledge with socio demographic
variables.

ASSUMPTION –
The patient may have inadequate knowledge regarding cataract surgery and care
related to pre and post operative care.

VARIABLE –
Dependent variable – knowledge level of the patient undergoing cataract surgery .

Independent variable – Socio demographic variable.

62
RESEARCH METHEDOLOGY –
Methedology study is to find appropriate measurements tools or techniques.

Research approach: In this study quantitative research approach was used.

Research disign: In this study non-experimental descriptive research design

is used.

Setting of the study: Eye ward Govt. Maharani Hospital Jagdalpur.

Population:

Target population: All the Patient under going cataract surgery.

Accessible population: Patient under going cataract surgery in Govt.

Maharani Hospital Jagdalpur.

Sample: This subject were-60 sample.

Sample technique: In this study purposive sample techniques are used.

Sample size: In this study sample size is 60.

Development of Research tool:

The research questionnaire and socio- demographic data to find out the
knowledge regarding pre and post operative care of cataract among the
patient under going cataract surgery in a Govt. Maharani Hospital at
Jagdalpur.

63
RESULT -
“SECTION – A ”
Subject according to age :-

TABLE – 1. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on age majority of
population were . 8.3 % in 21-30 year .

16.6% in 31- 40 year, 25.0% , 14- 50 year , 50% in above 50 year .

Subject according to the SEX :-

TABLE – 2. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the sex .Were 41.67% in
male and 58. 33% in female .

Subject according to the family Type : -

TABLE – 3. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the family type majority
of the population were 21.67% in nuclear family and 78.33% in joint family .

Subject according to the the qualification :-

TABLE -4. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the qualification majority
of population were . 78. 33% in illiterate , 13.33% in Primary education , 5.0% in Higher
Secondary , 3. 33% in Graduate and more .

Subject according to the occupation :-

TABLE – 5. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on occupation majority of
the population were 21.67% in, Unemployment 61.67% in farmer , 16.66% in private job
0% in Government job .

Subject according to the Income :-

TABLE – 6. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the income majority of
the population were 0-5000/- in 21.67% ,5001-10,000/-in 36.67%,10,001-15,000/- in
20.0% 15,001-20,000/- in 16.66% above the 20,000/- in 5.0% .

Subject according to the Residential area :-

TABLE – 7. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the residential area
majority of the population were 95% in rural area , 5% in urban area .

64
Subject according to the Previous knowledge :-

TABLE 8. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the previous knowledge
majority of the population were 41.66% in yes and 58.33% in No .

TABLE 9. Depict that the distribution of the subject based on the source of
knowledge majority of population were 1.67% news paper ,5.0% mass media
,13.33% friends ,21.67% doctor and 53.33% no previous knowledge .

“ SECTION :- B”
Depict the frequency 48 comes under poor knowledge group showing 80% frequency
12 comes under average knowledge showing 20% and frequency 0 comes under
good knowledge showing 0%.

“SECTION :- C”
Depict that the total mean 11.96, mean percentage 19.93% and standard deviation
3.4347.

“SECTION :- D”
Chi- square analysis to find out association between level of knowledge of patients and
socio demographic variable Age in year, sex , family type, qualification , occupation ,
income / month , residential area , previous knowledge , source of knowledge .

65
66
 CONCLUSION
The patient after average knowledge and practice regarding pre and post operative care of
cataract .

Structured questionnaire and may be the patient undergoing cataract surgery in Govt.
Maharani Hospital.

The following conclusion were made on the basis of finding of the study .
The present study show that the knowledge that the knowledge regarding pre and post
operative care of cataract reveals that the highest mean . 11.96 mean percentage was
19.93% and standard deviation 3.4347.

IMPLICATION :- In active study for assessing the knowledge level regarding the pre
and post operative care of cataract .

NURSING PRACTICE :-
- The most important role of the nurse is provide awareness to the public regarding pre
and post operative care of cataract through the information pamphlet .

- Nurse play vital role in imparting health services in all level of prevention, promotion
and treatment about the cataract.

- Nurses active participation in hospital and community by providing direct and indirect
care help to achieve these goal of health service. Rural and urban people deficit in
knowledge regarding the pre and post operative care of cataract need for arranging health
education .

LIMITATION :- The limitation of the present study are as followings.

- The study was limited to a sample size of 60 .

- The study was limited to the person who come in the Govt. maharani hospital jagdalpur .

- The time span of study short .

- The study was limited in one group .

67
RECOMMONDATION :-
- A similar study may be conduct on larger sample which would help to generalized the
findings.

- Periodic assessment of the urban knowledge regarding pre and post operative care of
cataract.

- A study can be carried out by assessing the knowledge level of the patient.

- The study can be done in area setting.

- The study can be done in assessing the knowledge regarding pre and post operative care
of cataract.

SUMMARY :-
The chapter conclusion has details with implication , in nursing practice , in nursing
education , in nursing administration , in nursing research , limitation and
recommendation.

NURSING EDUCATION :-
- Nursing curriculum is a measures for motivating people to hurt for knowledge.

- NURSING ADMINISTRATION :-

Every nursing curriculum should emphasis on health information to community using

different method.

-Nursing administration should take an initiative in creating policies and plan in providing
education to the people.

- In service education is to provided to nursing personnel at various to make them aware

of cataract and prevention, and provided by the nursing personnel after cataract surgery.

- Knowledge attitudes regarding the pre and post operative care of cataract, should be
update by utilizing various communicating facilities .

- The nurse as an administration also should plan the outreach activities on collaboration
with the other agencies in imparting the knowledge to the column .

68
NURSING RESEARCH :-
Research found search in literature and research done on pre and post operative care of
cataract . So the investigation recommended conducting periodic on research on pre and
post operative care of cataract mainly in the old aged people .

69
70
 CHAPTER- VII

BIBLIOGRAPHY

IN- BOOK:-
(1) Sengupta Manshi Srinandy Ghosh A Guide to medical surgical nursing page no. 40-
42

(2) Venkatesh Vijaylakshmi G , Medical Surgical Nursing page no. – 51-52 .

(3) Suddarths & Brunner :- Text Book of medical surgical nursing volume 1 , 13th edition
page no. 1857

(4) Suddarths & Brunner :- Text Book of medical surgical nursing Volume 1, 12th edition ,
page no. 2051- 2060

(5) PRIMARY CARE the art & science of advanced practice nursing . 3rd edition page no.
248 – 265

(6) Salime omila :- Medical Surgical Nursing specialities page no. 73

JOURNALS :-

( 1) American Academy of ophthalmology. Contrast sensitivity and Glare testing in the

evaluation of Anterior segment disease (ophthalmic procedure assessment ) san Francisco
American Academy of ophthalmology 1987 .

(2) Taylor HR sommer A , cataract Surgery . Arch ophthalmology 1990, 108 , 797 – 798 .

(3) world health organization: WHO weekly epidemiology Record 1982, 57, 145 – 146 .

(4) Malomey & Weiss M (2008) patient perception of hospital discharge informational
content , clinical nursing research 17 (3) , 200- 2/9 .

(5) Masket S. Reversal of glare disability after cataract surgery, cataract refract surgery
1989 , 15 , 165 – 168 .

(6) Black JM , Hawks JH . clinical management for positive outcome , Medical Surgical
Nursing 7th edition Missouri India , Elsevier : 2005 P (volume 1)

(7) James , B , chew , c, & Bron A (2007) Lecture notes on ophthalmology (10th edition )
Black well publishing oxford .

71
(8) Wilson RP , Anesthesia in G2 (Edt) ophthalmic Surgery principle and practices
Philadelphia W.B. saunders Co, 1990 .

(9) Lvchter PR Cataract Surgery and prior approval opthalmol 1989 , 96: 411 – 1s42 .

(10) Bernth Petersen P. outcome of Cataract Surgery outcome assessment and

epidemiologic alpat acta opthalmol suppt (copemhagen ) 1983 ; 6 / 220 – 228 .

(11) Harwood RH . Foss A. Osborn F , Gregson RM . zaman A Masud T. Falls and health
status in elderly women following first eye cataract surgery : randomized controlled trial
Br opthalmol 2005 , 89, 53 -9 .

(12) European Journal of implant and surgery , ( sept 2000) refractive oerceived pain and
outcome . of cataract surgery . 44 (2) : 331 – 11.

WEBOGRAPHY :-
(1 ) htt://www. acrm . org. my / med / NEDreport / 3rd med Report . Pdf .

(2) http: //www. crc gov. my documents /report / 4th med Report . pdf .

(3) http: //whg/ ibdo6 . who. Int / publications / 2009 / 9789241597418 eng . Pdf .

72
73
74
75
76
 APPENDIX
TOOLS FOR THE STUDY
SECTION -1
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC DATA
1)Age
a) 21-30 year [ ]

b) 31-40 year [ ]

c) 41-50 year [ ]

d) Above 50 year [ ]

2) Sex
a) Male [ ]

b) Female [ ]

3) Family type
a) Nuclear family [ ]

b) Joint family [ ]

4) Qualification
a) Illiterate [ ]

b) Primary education [ ]

c) Higher secondary [ ]

d) Graduate and more [ ]

77
5) Occupation
a) Unemployment [ ]

b) Farmer [ ]

c) Private job [ ]

d) Government job [ ]

6) Income
a) 0-5,000 [ ]

b) 5,001-10,000 [ ]

c) 10,001-15,000 [ ]

c) 15,001-20,000 [ ]

d) Above 20,000 [ ]

7) Residential Area
a) Rural [ ]

b) Urban [ ]

8) Previous Knowledge About Cataract

a) Yes [ ]

b) No [ ]

9) If Yes Than Source of Knowledge

a) Newspaper [ ]

b) Mass media [ ]

c) Friends [ ]

d) Doctors [ ]

78
 SECTION - B
KNOWLEDGE RELATED PREOPERATIVE CARE

1) Cataract is the disease of

a) Eye [ ]
b) Ear [ ]
c) Nose [ ]
d) Throat [ ]
2) Which age group is more prone for cataract?
a) 21-30 year [ ]
b) 31-40 year [ ]
c) 41-50 year [ ]
d) above 50 year [ ]

3) Cataract affect which part of the eye?

a) Retina [ ]
b) Lens [ ]
c) Cornea [ ]
d) Pupil [ ]

4) What is not true about cataract?

a) Cataract cause pain in the eye [ ]
b) Cataract is the common eye problem [ ]
c) Cataract impair eye sight [ ]
d) Cataract surgery is short and relatives process [ ]

5) if a person has diabetes, which eye disease can occur

commonly?
a) Cataract [ ]
b) Amblopic [ ]
c) Colorblindness [ ]
d) Farsightedness [ ]

79
6) Whom should you call if you have eye problem?
a) Friends [ ]

b) Family member [ ]

c) Doctors [ ]

d) Life partners [ ]

7) What do you need to bring with you when you go for eye
checkup?
a) Your own personal items [ ]

b) Your luxury items [ ]

c) List of medication and health history [ ]

d) Your mobile [ ]

8) When did the patient need thorough orientation about the

hospital environment?
a) When the patient is hospitalized [ ]

b) When the is discharge from the hospital [ ]

c) When the patient is going for surgery [ ]

d) When the patient going for investigation [ ]

9) Your doctor has determined that you need surgery than what
would be your next step?
a) Avoid [ ]

b) Meat your eye surgeon for surgery schedule [ ]

c) Ignore doctor advice [ ]

d)Makes suicidal attempts. [ ]

80
10) Which vitamin rich food is good for the eye?
a) Vitamin A [ ]

b) Vitamin B [ ]

c) Vitamin C [ ]

d) Vitamin D [ ]

11) Who is able to give permission , to cut eye lashes and eyebrows?
a) By the order of surgeon [ ]

b) By the order of relatives [ ]

c) By the order of friends [ ]

d) By the order of ayah [ ]

12) Why should you take bath on the day of cataract surgery?
a) To reduce pain [ ]

b)To reduce anxiety [ ]

c) To look good [ ]

d) To reduce infection . [ ]

13) What instruction should not be followed before surgery )

a) Nil by mouth from midnight [ ]
b) No diabetic pill or insulin [ ]
c ) Do take BP medicine [ ]
d) Do not wash the face with soap in the morning of surgery. [ ]

14) Which juice help to increase eye sight?

a) Carrot juice [ ]
b) Bittergaurd juice [ ]
c) Gourd juice [ ]
d) Sugarcane juice. [ ]

81
15) What should you check while purchasing eye drop ?
a) Design of container [ ]

b) Color of container [ ]

c) Height of container [ ]

d) Date of manufacture and expiry. [ ]

KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO POSTOPERATIVE CARE

OF CATARACT
16) When can you wash your face after cataract surgery?
a) After 1 week [ ]

b) After 2 week [ ]

c) After 3 week [ ]

d) After 4 week [ ]

17) What protection should be taken after surgery?

a) Rubbing or bumping your eye [ ]

b) Wearing sunglasses [ ]

c) Lifting heavy weight [ ]

d) Driving [ ]

18) How long bandage should be worn?

a) 2 days and 2 night [ ]

b) 4 days and 4 night [ ]

c) 6 days and 6 night [ ]

d) 8 days and 8 night [ ]

82
19) Which position is required after surgery?
a) Sideline position [ ]

b) Supine position [ ]

c) Standing position [ ]

d) Semi fowler position [ ]

20) If you have to put, eye drop and ointment than what will you
first apply?
a) Instill drop before ointment [ ]

b) Use ointment before instilling eye drop [ ]

c) Mix eye drop and ointment [ ]

d) None of these [ ]

21) How much time gap should be maintain between two eye drop?
a) 5 min. [ ]

b) 10 min. [ ]

c) 15 min [ ]

d) 20 min [ ]

22) After how many days patient can do light exercise after
cataract surgery?
a) 3-4 days [ ]

b) 5-6 days [ ]

c) 7-8 days [ ]

d) 9-10 days [ ]

83
23) How much time is needed for clear visualization?
a) 1-6 week [ ]

b) 6-12 week [ ]

c) 12-18 week [ ]

d) 18-24 week [ ]

24) How to protect eye from injury while sleeping at night time
after surgery?
a) Use dark glasses [ ]

b) Uemove dark glasses [ ]

c) Use eye shield [ ]

d) Instill eye drop [ ]

25) What is the reason behind wearing dark glasses after cataract
surgery?
a) To prevent anxiety [ ]

b) To prevent photophobia [ ]

c) To prevent pain [ ]

d) For show up [ ]

26) What activity should be avoided during recovery period?

a) Exercise [ ]

b) Maintain hygiene [ ]

c) Rubbing or bumping of eye [ ]

d) Wear dark glasses [ ]

84
27) How much time is required to return to normal activity?
a) 1-7 days [ ]

b) 7-14 days [ ]

c) 14-21 days [ ]

d) 21-28 days [ ]

28) You have cataract in both eye than how much time is
required to prepare the next eye for surgery?
a) 1-4 week [ ]

b) 4-8 week [ ]

c) 8-12 week [ ]

d) 2-16 week [ ]

29) Which of these are not benefits of cataract surgery?

a) Improve your chances of living longer [ ]

b) Decrease risk of fall and fracture [ ]

c) Improve quality of life [ ]

d) Iincrease blindness [ ]

30 ) Which type of cloth should be worn after cataract surgery?

a)Wear the should be pulled over your head [ ]

b) Wear tight cloth [ ]

c) Shirt with buttons [ ]

d) Gown [ ]

85
 ANSWER KEY

Question No. Answer No.

01 a
02 d
03 b
04 a
05 a
06 c
07 c
08 a
09 b
10 a
11 a
12 d
13 c
14 a
15 d
16 a
17 b
18 a
19 d
20 a
21 a
22 a
23 b
24 c
25 b
26 c
27 a
28 a
29 d
30 c

86
 SCORING KEY

Level of Knowledge Scores

Poor Knowledge 0-14
Average Knowledge 15-22
Good Knowledge 23-30

87
 Hkkx&v

lkekftd vkfFkZd fLFkfr

1- vk;q

v- 21&31 o"kZ [ ]

c- 32&40 o"kZ [ ]

l- 41&50 o"kZ [ ]

n- 50 ds Åij [ ]

2- fyax

v- iq:"k [ ]

c- efgyk [ ]

3- ;ksX;krk

v- izkFkfed f'k{kk [ ]

c- e/; f'k{kk [ ]

l- mPp ek/;fed [ ]

n- Lukrd vkSj vf/kd [ ]

o- vui<+ [ ]

4- ifjokj dk izdkj

v- ,dy ifjokj [ ]

c- la;qDr ifjokj [ ]

88
5- O;olk;

v- fdlku [ ]

c- ljdkjh ukSdjh [ ]

l- O;kikj [ ]

n- futh ukSdjh [ ]

o- csjkstxkj [ ]

6- vk;

v- 0 ls 5000 [ ]

c- 5]001 ls 10]000 [ ]

l- 10]001 ls 15]000 [ ]

n- 15]001 ls 20]000 [ ]

o- 20]000 ls vf/kd [ ]

7- vkoklh; {ks=

v- xzkeh.k [ ]

c- 'kgjh [ ]

8- eksfr;kfcUn ds ckjs esa igys ls tkudkjh

v- gkWa [ ]

c- ugha [ ]

9- ;fn gkWa] rks fdlls\

89
v- v[kckj [ ]

c- lapkj ehfM;k [ ]

l- O;kikj [ ]

n- nksLr [ ]

o- fpfdRlk [ ]

90
 Hkkx&c

eksfr;kfcan ls lEcfU/kr tkudkfj;ka

1- eksfr;kfcan dh fcekjh gS%&

v- vkW[k [ ]

c- ukd [ ]

l- dku [ ]

n- xys [ ]

2- dkSu lk vk;q eksfr;kfcan ds fy, vf/kd izo.k gS%&

v- 21&30 o"kZ [ ]

c- 31&40 o"kZ [ ]

l- 41&50 [ ]

n- 50 ls mij [ ]

3- eksfr;kfcan vkW[k ds fdl fgLls dks izHkkfor djrk gS%&

v- jsfVuk [ ]

c- ysal [ ]

l- dkfuZ;k [ ]

n- iqryh [ ]

91
4- eksfr;kfcan ds ckjs esa xyr gS%&

v- eksfr;kfcan vkW[kksa esa nnZ dk dkj.k curk gS [ ]

c- eksfr;kfcan vkW[kksa dh ,d lkekU; leL;k gS [ ]

l- eksfr;kfcan vkW[kksa dh jks'kuh esa ck/kk Mkyrh gS [ ]

n- eksfr;kfcan ltZjh ,d NksVh vkSj lkis{k leL;k gS [ ]

5- vxj fdlh O;fDr dks e/kqesg gS rks vkerkSj ij vkW[k dh dkSlh fcekjh gks
ldrh gS\

v- eksfr;kfcan [ ]

c- eann`f"Vrk [ ]

l- jax n`f"Vfgurk [ ]

n- nwj n`f"Vnks"k [ ]

6- ;fn vkidks vkW[k dh ijs'kkuh gS] rks vkidks fdldks crkuk pkfg,\

v- nksLr [ ]

c- ifjokj dk lnL; [ ]

l- fpfdRld [ ]

n- thou lkFkh [ ]

92
7- vkW[kksa ds tkWap ds oDr vkidks vius lkFk D;k ys tkuk t:jh gS\

v- vkidk [kqn dk futh leku [ ]

c- vkidh lq[kdj lkexzh [ ]

l- nok vkSj LokLF; dk fooj.k [ ]

n- vkidk eksckbZy [ ]

8- vLirky ds i;kZoj.k ds ckjs esa iw.kZ fn'kk funsZ'k dh vko';drk jksxh dks dc
Fkh\

v- tc O;fDr dks vLirky esa HkrhZ djk;k tkrk gS [ ]

c- tc jksxh dks vLirky ls NqV~Vh feyrh gS [ ]

l- tc jksxh vkWijs'ku ds fy, tkrk gS [ ]

n- tc jksxh tkap ds fy, tkrk gS [ ]

9- ;fn vkids fpfdRld us fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd vkidks vkWijs'ku dh

vko';drk gS rks vkidk vxyk dne D;k gksxk\

v- Hkkstu R;kxuk [ ]

c- 'kY; fpfdRlk dk;Zdze ds fy, vius fpfdRld ls feysa [ ]

l- fpfdRld dh lykg dks vuns[kk djuk [ ]

n- vkRegR;k dk dk iz;kl djuk [ ]

93
10- dkSu&lk foVkfeu ;qDr Hkkstu vkW[kksa ds fy, vPNk gS\

v- foVkfeu , [ ]

c- foVkfeu ch [ ]

l- foVkfeu lh [ ]

n- foVkfeu Mh [ ]

11- vkidks vkW[kksa dh iydksa vkSj HkkSags dks dVkus dh vuqefr nsus esa l{ke gS\

v- 'kY; fpfdRld [ ]

c- laca/kh [ ]

l- nksLr [ ]

n- vk;kckbZ [ ]

12- eksfr;kfcan ds vkWijs'ku ds igys vkidks Luku D;wa djuk pkfg,\

v- nnZ de djus ds fy, [ ]

c- fpark dks de djus ds fy, [ ]

l- vPNk fn[kus ds fy, [ ]

n- ladze.k dks de djus ds fy, [ ]

13- ltZjh ls igys fdl vkns'k dk ikyu ugha djuk pkfg,\

v- e/; jkf= esa [kkuk u [kkuk [ ]

c- dksbZ e/kqesg xksyh ;k balqfyu ugha ysuk [ ]

l- chih dh nok u ysa [ ]

n- ltZjh dh lqcg lkcqu ds lkFk psgjs dks u /kks,a [ ]

94
14- dkSu lh lCth dk jl vkW[kksa dh jks'kuh c<+kus esa lgk;rk djrk gS%&

v- xktj jl [ ]

c- djsyk jl [ ]

l- ykSdh jl [ ]

n- xUuk jl [ ]

15- vkW[kksa dh nok [kjhnrs le;@nkSjku vkidks D;k tkapuk pkfg,\

v- ik= dk cukoV [ ]

c- ik= dk jax [ ]

l- ik= dh ÅapkbZ [ ]

n- fuekZ.k vkSj lekfIr dh rkjh[k [ ]

16- eksfr;kfcan ltZjh ds ckn vki viuk psgjk dc /kks ldrs gSa\

v- ,d lIrkg ds ckn [ ]

c- nks lIrkg ds ckn [ ]

l- rhu lIrkg ds ckn [ ]

n- pkj lIrkg ds ckn [ ]

17- ltZjh ds ckn D;k lqj{kk ysuh pkfg,\

v- viuh vka[kksa dks jxM+uk ;k VDdj nsuk [ ]

c- /kwi ls cpkus okyk p'ek iguuk [ ]

l- Hkkjh out mBkuk [ ]

n- xkM+h pykuk [ ]

95
18- ltZjh ds ckn fdruh nsj rd iV~Vh iguh tkuh pkfg,\

v- nks fnu vkSj nks jkr [ ]

c- pkj fnu vkSj pkj jkr [ ]

l- Ng fnu vkSj Ng jkr [ ]

n- vkB fnu vkSj vkB jkr [ ]

19- ltZjh ds ckn dkSu lh fLFkfr@voLFkk dh vko';drk gS%&

v- frjNs ysVus dh fLFkfr [ ]

c- fpr ysVus dh fLFkfr [ ]

l- [kM+s gksus dh fLFkfr [ ]

n- v)Z ysVus dh fLFkfr [ ]

20- vxj vkW[kksa dh eyge vksj vkW[kksa dh nokbZ nksuksa j[kk gS rks igys D;k
yxk;saxs%&

v- eyge ls igys [ ]

c- vkW[kksa dh nokbZ ls igys vkW[kksa dk eyge [ ]

l- nksuksa dks feykdj [ ]

n- buesa ls dksbZ ugha [ ]

96
21- nks vkW[kksa dh nokbZ;ka dks fdrus le; ds ckn yxkuk pkfg,%&

v- ikap feuV [ ]

c- nl feuV [ ]

l- iUnzg feuV [ ]

n- chl feuV [ ]

22- eksfr;kfcan ltZjh ds ckn jksxh fdrus fnuksa rd gYdk O;k;ke dj ldrk
gS %&

v- rhu ls pkj fnu [ ]

c- ikap ls Ng fnu [ ]

l- lkr ls vkB fnu [ ]

n- ukS ls nl fnu [ ]

23- eksfr;kfcan ltZjh ds ckn Li"V n`f"V ds fy, fdruk le; pkfg, gS %&

v- ,d ls Ng lIrkg [ ]

c- Ng ls ckjg lIrkg [ ]

l- ckjg ls vBkjg lIrkg [ ]

n- vBkjg ls pkSchl lIrkg [ ]

24- 'kY; fpfdRlk ds ckn jkr ds le; lksus ij vkW[kksa dh j{kk dSls djsa %&

v- dkyk p'ek dk iz;ksx [ ]

c- dkyk p'ek dks gVk nsuk [ ]

l- vkW[k <ky dk iz;ksx djsa [ ]

n- vkW[kksa dh nokbZ dk iz;ksx djsa [ ]

97
25- eksfr;kfcan ltZjh ds ckn dkyk p'ek iguus ds ihNs D;k dkj.k gS %&

v- fpark dks jksdus ds fy, [ ]

c- izdk'k dh vlguh;rk dks jksdus ds fy, [ ]

l- nnZ dks jksdus ds fy, [ ]

n- fn[kkus ds fy, [ ]

26- LokLF; ykHk ds nkSjku dkSu&lh xfrfo/k;ksa ls cpk tkuk pkfg, %&

v- O;k;ke [ ]

c- LoPNrk cuk, j[kuk [ ]

l- jxM+uk ;k vkW[kksa dks VDdj nsuk [ ]

n- dkyk p'ek iguuk [ ]

27- lkekU; xfrfof/k;ksa ij ykSVus ds fy, fdruk le; pkfg, %&

v- 01 ls 07 fnu [ ]

c- 07 ls 14 fnu [ ]

l- 14 ls 21 fnu [ ]

n- 21 ls 28 fnu [ ]

98
28- vkids nksuksa vkW[kksa esa eksfr;kfcan gS vkSj ltZjh ds fy, vxys vkW[kksa ;k nwljs
vkWa[k dks rS;kj djus ds fy, fdruk le; vko';d gS %&

v- 01 ls 04 fnu [ ]

c- 04 ls 08 fnu [ ]

l- 08 ls 12 fnu [ ]

n- 12 ls 16 fnu [ ]

29- blesa ls dkSu lk eksfr;kfcUn ltZjh dk ykHk ugha gS %&

v- yEcs le; rd thfor jgus dh laHkkoukvksa dks c<+krk gS [ ]

c- fxjus vkSj gM~Mh VwVus dk [krjk de djrk gS [ ]

l- thou dh xq.koRrk dks c<+rk gS [ ]

n- va/kkiu esa o`f) [ ]

30- eksfr;kfcUn ltZjh ds ckn fdl izdkj ds diM+s iguus pkfg, %&

v- rax dk ;k fpidus okyk diM+k iguuk [ ]

c- ,sls diM+s tks flj ds mij ls fudy tk,sa [ ]

l- cVu okys diM+s [ ]

n- xkÅu [ ]

99
LIST OF STATISTICAL FORMULAS USEDIN PRESENT STUDY
1. Mean =

X= ∑x

2. Mean percentage = Mean × 100

Total number of sample

Ʃ( )
3. Standard deviation =

4. Chi-square = x = Ʃ(0-E)
E
5. Degree of freedom = ( R -1)(C-1)

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