User Behavior Adopt Utilizing FinTech Services on

Online Transportation in Indonesia

(Scale Validation and Developed Instrument)
Erick Fernando
Information Systems Department,
School of Information Systems
Bina Nusantara University
Jakarta, Indonesia 11480
erick.fernando001@binus.ac.id
Surjandy
Information Systems Audit Program,
Information Systems Department,
School of Information Systems
Bina Nusantara University
Jakarta, Indonesia 11480
surjandy@binus.ac.id
Ernawaty
Information Systems Department,
School of Information Systems
Bina Nusantara University
Jakarta, Indonesia 11480
erna@binus.ac.id

A. Raharto Condrobimo Dina Fitria Murad Leonie Madeleine Tirtamulia

Information Systems Department,
School of Information Systems
Bina Nusantara University
Jakarta, Indonesia 11480
acondrobimo@binus.edu
Information Systems Department, Information Systems Audit Program,
BINUS Online Learning Information Systems Department,
Bina Nusantara University Jakarta, School of Information Systems
Indonesia 11480 Bina Nusantara University
dmurad@binus.edu Jakarta, Indonesia 11480
leonie.tirtamulia@binus.ac.id

Pascal Listyo
Giovanka Savina Information System Audit Program,
Information Systems Department, Information Systems Department,
School of Information Systems School of Information Systems
Bina Nusantara University Bina Nusantara University
Jakarta, Indonesia 11480 Jakarta, Indonesia 11480
giovanka.Savina@binus.ac.id pascal.listyo@binus.ac.id

Abstract—The Aim this study is to explore the views of
consumer intentions in using FinTech services in online transport.
this study focuses only on the process testing phase of the research
instrument to be used at the next stage of the survey phase.
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is used as the foundation of
conceptual model theory and research instrument developed.
Models and instruments were then validated by a pilot study
method involving 133 communities as respondents who had been
declared valid. analysis of survey data obtained through Smart
PLS version 3 applications. This analysis is used to ensure the
reliability and validity of the instruments that have been
developed. The results of this study indicate that the variable
Attitude toward use with 3 instruments, Perceived Useful variable
with 5 instruments, Perceived Ease of Use variables with 5
instruments, Intention to use variables with 6 instruments that
stated reliability with values above 0.5 and validity with values
above 0.7. the instrument has been eligible to collect data from the
actual survey in this study.
Keywords— fintech, online transportation, adoption
technology, TAM
I. INTRODUCTION
In this century, developments that occur on the internet make
technology used in all aspects of activities or activities of human
life. [1]. The rapid and fantastic development has made various
opportunities in all organizations that implement it so as to have
an enormous and improved impact on all factors without
exception in global business activities that exist in different parts
of the world. [2], [3]. One way to improve innovation by
following the development of technology one of them claim the
use of internet technology in the company. This use can provide
an improvement in the company's business performance on
market demand [4].
Online transportation is one of the latest service innovations
in m-commerce. This service can be done on individual
transportation to customers can book a vehicle ride (car,
motorcycle, etc .) through the mobile application and the driver
can respond to orders through the application [5]. Thus there is
a transaction between the customer and the driver whose
payment can be made with cash and financial technology
(FinTech) provided [6], [7].
FinTech's payment service provided by the company will
change indirectly to encourage Consumers are slowly moving
towards changing their payment methods from traditional ways
to non-contact devices due to the emergence of digital payment
technology especially in terms of payments for online transport
services [5], [8].
The term FinTech can be defined as a form of financial
technology from a company that combines financial services

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2018 International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech)
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with innovative modern technology based on the internet and
product-oriented applications [9]–[11]. In general, FinTechs
services include companies that only provide technology for
financial services. FinTech services generally provide more
user-friendly, efficient, transparent, and automated services than
traditional forms of service.[9]
To increase the number of users who participate in the use of
FinTech, then the authors are interested to see the user's
perception of the use of FinTech in online transportation in
Indonesia. The preparation of this research begins by discussing
the concepts, theories of the research literature that already exist
and in accordance with the topic. Thus this research will begin
by making a literature review, a methodology consisting of
problem-solving research, to discuss how the development of
the model and perform instrument validation in the research, the
final activity will do the discussion obtained from the analysis
so that it can get the results of research with the desired
conclusion.
II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this research, the methodology will be conducted in
several stages in developing the instrument for Information
System research. The stages include developing a research
model, defining the relationship between the variables in the
research model, defining the operational definition of each
variable used in the research model and the last one being the
development of the use of indicators to measure each variable in
the research model up to the stage of validating the instruments
used.
Develop a
research
model
Instrument
Develop development and
Development
indicators Validation
of Hypotheses
instrumens
Define
operational
definition
Fig. 1. Research Stage
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Model Development
The model used in this study uses a TAM model developed
by Davis. TAM is the most popular theory and widely used to
understand people's behavior in adopting the technology.
Theory Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a model of
human technology acceptance developed to evaluate and
identify what elements affect human behavior in accepting a
technology [12]. TAM model adopted from the TRA model is a
theory of action based on a premise that one's reactions and
perceptions of things will determine the person's attitude and
behavior [13]. TAM has two main variables in understanding the
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2018 International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech)
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behavior of people known as Perceive Usefulness and Perceived
Ease of Use.
Perceived H1
Usefull
H2
Attitude Intention
H3 to use
toward use H6
Perceived
Ease of H4
H5
Use
Fig. 2. Research Model Development
In the TAM model developed by Davis revealed that there
are several factors to see how big the user perception in
considering the adoption of technology. The first factor,
perceived benefits defined as the perceptions of people using
technology will bring benefits to them. The second factor by
using technology, its performance will increase. The third factor
is the perception of people using technology will require less
effort. Another factor in influencing the perceptions of ease and
benefit also affect the attitude of a person and attitude itself
affects one's intention to adopt a technology. Thus can be
developed some hypothesis of this research as follows
B. Development of Hypotheses
The next process is done describes the relationship between
the variables in this study. In this study, there are three
independent variables, variable "perceived usefulness" and
"perceived ease of use" and attitude toward to see intent to use
FinTech on online transport.
• H1: Perceived Usefulness positively influence Attitude
towards using the FinTech in online transportation
• H2: Perceived Usefulness positively influence the
intention of using the FinTech in online transportation
• H3: Perceived Ease of Use positively influence Perceive
Usefulness uses the FinTech in online transportation.
• H4: Perceived Ease of Use positively influences the
Attitude towards of FinTech in online transportation
• H5: Perceived Ease of Use positively influences the
intention of FinTech in online transportation
• H6: Attitude towards using FinTech has a positive effect
on the intention of using them
C. Development variable
Development of the instrument used in this study is the result
of the adoption of several constructs that have been used in
previous research. Constructs and indicators are modified to
make the instrument in accordance with the current research
context. This study will examine the relationship of four
constructs namely Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use,
Attitude and intention to use. Constructs and instruments will be AT3 I only use services that adopt FinTech
clearly defined based on the reference source of each construct. services [14]
Can be seen in tables 1 and 2 AT4
I like the idea of using the FinTech service [16]
AT5
I want to invest using FinTech services [16]
TABLE I. DEFINITION OF VARIABLES IN RESEARCH AT6 I hope there is a FinTech-based service for
lending / owed transactions [16]
Variable Definition References AT7 I want the FinTech service to allow E-
Money transfers to others with a certain
Perceived The trust of a person is using a [12],[14], nominal amount to my liking [16]
Usefulness particular system will improve [15] IU1 I want to use the services provided by the
performance. FinTech service [14]
IU2 I want to use the FinTech service to connect
Perceived Consumer Confidence that the [14] ,[15] information [14]
Ease of Use use of the FinTech Service is IU3 I continue to increase the frequency of use
of FinTech's services in Economic Sharing
easy and does not require too Transportation [14]
much effort to learn Intentio IU4 I believe in the future frequency of use of
n to use FinTech services in my Economic Sharing
Attitude The level of consumer [14] ,[15] Transportation will continue to increase [16]
towards evaluations of the use of the IU5 I do Top Up / Refill FinTech on Economic
FinTech Service Sharing Transportation service [16]
IU6 I often use or use promo provided by
Intention to Subjective assessment of the [14] ,[15] Economic Sharing Transportation service [16]
use consumer about the possible IU7 I will use the FinTech service no matter
what [16]
willingness to use the FinTech
Services in the future D. Evaluation of instruments
The stages in the evaluation of the instrument are more a
TABLE II. VARIABLE AND INDICATORS series of statistical assessments. The purpose of this stage states
Variab Item Referenc
that the research instruments established in this study are in
le Indicators es accordance with established standards in conducting
PU1 I think using FinTech service can make quantitative research. In quantitative research, testing the
understanding more efficient [14] validity and reliability of research instruments is a very
PU2 I think using the FinTech service will not important process undertaken. In conducting the evaluation of
be limited by time and location restrictions, the stage instrument performed, the instruments are distributed
which really helped me [14]
PU3 I think using the FinTech service can make
to the respondents. Data collection for this study was collected
Perceiv life more comfortable [14] through an online survey. Instruments are designed using the
ed PU4 I think I can get information quickly using Google Form application. The spread of the questionnaire online
Usefuln FinTech service [14] in Indonesia was conducted for two months. In the data
ess PU5 By using the FinTech service, I am aware collection period, there are 150 participants who participated in
of the enormous technological the questionnaire, from 150 participants filled there were 133
developments [16]
participants who declared valid. So 28 questionnaire is used as
PU6 FinTech service helps me learn to operate
Smartphone [16] research data and analyzed further. Assessment of the
PU7 The FinTech service provided helps me to instrument is the most important process and must be performed
live more economically [16] before the evaluation of the hypothesis. this step aims to the
PE1 Downloading the FinTech service recipients of the instruments constructed or established in this
application program from the internet is study to have a good standard of quantitative research.
easy [14]
PE2 Completing the transaction using FinTech
service is easy [14] A. Reliability Test
PE3 Using the FinTech service without reading Reliability is a reliable degree of the instrument, which
Perceiv the guide is easy [14] describes an instrument providing consistent results when given
ed Ease PE4 Studying the FinTech service is easy
of Use without spending too much time. [14] to various respondents. Testing the reliability level required an
PE5 Transact using FinTech services more evaluation of the value of composite reliability, Cronbach's
effectively than using cash [16] alpha and AVE value (Average Variance Extracted) from each
PE6 I feel calm despite not bringing in cash variable of each research instrument. The value must be above
because of the FinTech service [16] 0.7 in order to be said the good level of reliability of the variable
PE7 I feel secure about the use of FinTech and the suggested Ave value of Barclay et al [17], Ave value
services [16]
AT1 I think it is very easy to find information
must be higher than 0.5 indicating that the set of items of
Attitud using FinTech service anytime and insufficient convergence in measuring the construction of
e anywhere [14] concerns. In Table 3 the variables in this study are above 0.7.
towards AT2 I think using the FinTech service is a great This illustrates that the variable meets the criteria. In the table
idea [14] below can be found that all CR values of each variable are above
0.8 this illustrates that all variables have met the criteria and

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2018 International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech)
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meet the element of reliability. However, the ave value of the PU4 0.773
Attitude towards variable is less than 0.5 then there will be to the PU5 0.705
worries of the construction PU6 0.595
PU7 0.604
AVE values can be increased by dropping items that have
TABLE III. RELIABILITY TEST RESULTS
the lowest value of loading in each construct. Attempt to
Cronbach's Composite
AVE
construct AT6 value constructs (0.529) found the lowest value
Alpha Reliability among the others. After dropping the AT6 item, AVE value is
AT 0.823 0.866 0.487 still under 0.5, AT3 (0.629), AT7 (0.686). With the intention of
IU 0.895 0.918 0.617 use, construct found IU7 (0.633) is the lowest rated value then
PE 0.845 0.882 0.519 dropped. With this process, the AVE value is still unacceptable,
PU 0.844 0.882 0.520 so in the construct will look for the lowest item, found PE5
(0,694), PE6 (0,679), PU6 (0,595), and PU7 (0,604). After
B. Validity Test several Items are dropped that do not meet the criteria of validity
Test validity on the instrument is a criterion of a and reliability are adequate. The resulting instrument is shown
measurement instrument that aims to produce valid data. the in table 6.
validity test can be performed with an evaluation of "construct
validity". Assessment is done on "construct validity" aims to
Table 6. Cross Loading Factors
evaluate the extent to which tests measure theoretical constructs.
AT IU PE PU
This validity test can be done by confirmatory factor analysis,
where to check the convergence validity and discriminant AT1 0.799 0.621 0.673 0.673
validity. The first step is to ensure that it meets the convergence AT2 0.883 0.674 0.751 0.732
validity standard, when if the loading factor for each indicator in AT4 0.905 0.728 0.747 0.731
the construct is above 0.6 [18]–[20]. Factors that have values
IU1 0.719 0.839 0.669 0.608
below 0.6, it can be concluded that the indicator does not qualify
as an item in this research variable, then this indicator is then IU2 0.648 0.798 0.630 0.550
downgraded and cannot be used in subsequent testing. The next IU3 0.663 0.857 0.628 0.596
step is to retest as an assertion of convergent validity. Testing IU4 0.627 0.831 0.583 0.582
can be seen in table 5. The lowest indicator value of each
IU5 0.587 0.786 0.539 0.554
constructor indicator is 0.6 so that all indicators can be said to
meet the criteria specified. The next step is to make sure that IU6 0.561 0.775 0.496 0.460
each indicator is part of the variable by evaluating the value of PE2 0.657 0.646 0.753 0.693
the cross-loading factor. PE4 0.568 0.497 0.729 0.593
TABLE IV. LOADING FACTORS
PE5 0.638 0.483 0.766 0.649
PE6 0.616 0.508 0.745 0.550
AT IU PE PU
AT1 0.758 PE7 0.685 0.608 0.790 0.651
AT2 0.774 PU1 0.640 0.499 0.660 0.819
AT3 0.629 PU2 0.595 0.481 0.631 0.791
AT4 0.853
PU3 0.768 0.635 0.729 0.838
AT5 0.599
AT6 0.529 PU4 0.655 0.561 0.594 0.764
AT7 0.686 PU5 0.560 0.510 0.647 0.711
IU1 0.826
IU2 0.809 The final result of the instrument consists of 4 constructs and
IU3 0.847 there are 19 indicators that can be seen in table 5
IU4 0.817
IU5 0.775
IU6 0.770 TABLE V. RESULT OF INSTRUMENT

IU7 0.633 Number of

PE1 0.646 Construc Indicator
indicators
PE2 0.791
AT 3 AT1, 2, 3
PE3 0.709
PE4 0.768 IU 6 IU1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
PE5 0.694 PE 5 PE2, 3, 4, 5, 6
PE6 0.679 PU 5 PU1, 2, 3, 4, 5
PE7 0.743
PU1 0.801
PU2 0.751
PU3 0.787

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 IV. CONCLUSION
This study validates the instruments of user behavior in the
use of FinTech in online transport. The resulting instrument is
investigated through a process that meets the rules with the
provision of reliability with values above 0.5 and validity with
values above 0.7. The results of this study are using the theory
of TAM theory by finding: 3 instruments, Perceived Useful
variable with 5 instruments, Perceived Ease of Use variables
with 5 instruments, Intention to use variables with 6 instruments.
The next step of the research is to use the instrument and conduct
a survey with a larger sample size thus providing a clearer
picture of user behavior.
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