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As-Sarf (Morphology) Class Nine: Continuation of Chapter One
As-Sarf (Morphology) Class Nine: Continuation of Chapter One
احلمد هلل رب العاملني وصلى اهلل وسلم وبارك على نبينا حممد وعلى آله
أما بعد,وصحبه أمجعني
Our teacher began with praising Allaah and sending salaat and salaam on the Messenger of
Allaah, his family, companions and followers until the Last Day and began:
فع ُل
We are supposed to match these root letters with
ُ َفَ َع َل – ي, because it is of Chapter
One and it goes according to the principle “Whenever the ‘ ’لis a ‘ ” ’و
Chapter One, using the second type of Verbs which are taken as a principle to this Chapter:
ل و
‘Whenever the ‘ ’ is a ‘ ’’
و.ع.د
’دand place it over the ‘ ’ف, and give it the
1st: We bring the First Original Letter the ‘
2nd: We bring the Second Original Letter the ‘ ’عand place it over the ‘‘( ’عayn of the
word), and give it the same harakah as the ‘ ’ع, which is a fathah ‘ ’ع.
َ َ
3rd: We bring the Third Original Letter the ‘ ’وand place it over the ‘ ’ل, and give it the
same harakah as the ‘ ل
َ ’, which is a fathah ‘ ’ َو.
2nd: We bring the Second Original Letter the ‘ ’دand place it over the ‘ ’ع, and give it the
same harakah as the ‘ ع
َ ’, which is a fathah ‘ ’ َد.
3rd: We bring the Third Original Letter the ‘ ’وand place it over the ‘ ’ل, and give it the
same harakah as the ‘ ل
َ ’, which is a fathah ‘ ’ َو.
و.ل.ب
و.ل.ت
و.ل.ج
و.ب.ح
و.س.ق
We notice that the third original letter is a Waaw is in all the given root letters.
There is something peculiar about these Verbs according to a General
Principle Ustaadh حفظه هللاgave us, which says:
GENERAL PRINCIPLE -: “If the ‘ ’وor the ‘ ’يhad a Harakah (i.e. Fathah, Kasrah, or
Dhammah) and the letter before had a Fathah, we turn the ‘ ’وor the ‘ ’يinto an ‘ ” ’ا
In the example mentioned above, we see that in all the Verbs the Laam of the word is a ‘ ’و
with a harakah (a fathah) and it is preceded by a letter that has a Fathah, this means that we
و ا
can apply this General Principle in all the Verbs, by turning the ‘ ’ into an ‘ ’.
He called/ invoked
It appeared
ِ مجيعا وِمثْ لَه معه ًَلفْ تدوا بِ ِه ِمن س َِ ضِ ِ ِ ََّن لِل
وء ُ ْ َ َ ََُ ُ َ ا َر
ْ اْلْ ِف ا مَ ُ َ َّ َولَ ْو أ
ا
و م ل
ََظ ينذ
اب يَ ْوَم الْ ِقيَ َام ِة َوبَ َدا َلُم م َن اللَّ ِه َما َْمْ يَ ُوونُوا َْْحتَ ِسبُو َن
ِ الْع َذ
َ
And those who did wrong (the polytheists and disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah), if they
had all that is in earth and therewith as much again, they verily, would offer it to ransom
themselves therewith on the Day of Resurrection from the evil torment, and there will become
apparent to them from Allah, what they had not been reckoning.
[39:47]
He recited/ read
It can also mean: He followed
He hoped
It cleared out
ِى
ت قُلُوبُ ُه ْم َوَزيَّ َن َلُ ُم الشَّْيطَا ُن َما َ َفَلَ ْوًَل إِ ْذ َجاءَ ُهم بَأْ ُسنَا ت
ْ ضَّر ُعوا َولَون قَ َس
َكانُوا يَ ْع َملُو َن
When Our Torment reached them, why then did they not believe with humility? But their
hearts becamehardened, and Shaitan (Satan) made fair-seeming to them that which they used
to do. [6:43]
و.ع.د
1st: We bring the ‘ ’يin the beginning, which is one of the letters of the Mudaari’.
because the ‘ ’فis silence (doesn’t have any harakah) we silence the ‘daal’ يد.
َ
4th: We bring the Second Original Letter the ‘ ’عand place it over the ‘ ‘( ’عayn of the
word), and give it the same harakah as the ‘ ‘(’عayn of the word), which is a dhammah
‘ يدع.
ُ َ
5th: We bring the Third Original Letter the ‘ ’وand place it over the ‘(’لlaam of the word),
and give it the same harakah as the ‘ ل
ُ ’, which is a dhammah دع ُو
ُ َي.
4th: We bring the Second Original Letter the ‘ ’دand place it over the ‘ ‘( ’عayn of the word), and
give it the same harakah as the ‘ ’ع, which is a dhammah ‘ بد
ُ َي.
5th: We bring the Third Original Letter the ‘ ’وand place it over the ‘ ( ’لlaam of the word), and
give it the same harakah as the ‘ ل
ُ ’, which is a dhammah يد ُو ُ َي.
و.ل.ب
و.ل.ت
و.ل.ج
و.ب.ح
و.س.ق
Here we notice that the ‘ ’وhas a Dhammah, and the Dhammah is heavy on the Waaw and
this causes heaviness in Speech, and we know by the Mother Principle that: “Arabs Seek
Lightness in Speech.”
There is a Principle that says: “The Dhammah is heavy on the ‘ ’وso it is moved to the
letter before IF it is Vacant (from any Harakah).”
و
from any Harakah so that we can Move the Dhammah on the ‘ ’ to it. In this case it isn’t, so
Why do we bring the Waaw back in the Mudaari’ and we do not keep the Alif that we
turned in the Maadh from the Waaw? This because we are forming the Mudaari’ from
the Original letters of the Maadh. The reason why we do not turn the Waaw into an
Alif in the Mudaari’ is because although the Waaw has a harakah, but the letter before
it doesn’t have a Fathah for it to be turned into an Alif, so the Principle of turning the
Waaw into an Alif doesn’t apply here.
Sukoon = No Harakah
He calls/ invokes
يب لَهُ إِ َ ىَل يَ ْوِم الْ ِقيَ َام ِة َوُه ْم جِ ون اللَّ ِه من ًَّل يست ِ د ن ِ
م وع د ي نَّ ِ ومن أَضل
ِّم
ُ َْ َ َ ُ ُ ْ َ ُّ َ ْ َ َ
َعن ُد َعائِ ِه ْم َغافِلُو َن
And who is more astray than one who calls (invokes) besides Allah, such as will not answer
him till the Day of Resurrection, and who are (even) unaware of their calls (invocations) to
them? [46:5]
He tests
He recites/ reads
He follows
He hopes
It clears out
He crawls
Example:
و.ل.خ
و.ط.س
و.ب.ص
و.د.ع
و.د.غ
و.ب.ن
و.ل.غ
و.ف.ق
و.ط.خ