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THE HINDU
SATURDAY, JUNE 2, 2018
NOIDA/DELHI
GROUND ZERO 7
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Anatomy of an outbreak
The way Kerala has handled the Nipah virus outbreak holds crucial lessons for the rest of India. Priyanka Pulla reports on how a deadly virus is being tackled by
an alert administration
A
t around 2 a.m. on May 17 morn
ing, a grievously sick Mohammed
Salih, a 28yearold architect from
Kerala’s Perambra town, was rushed by
his family to Kozhikode’s Baby Memo
rial Hospital. Salih was vomiting, had a
high fever, and was in a mentally agitat
ed state. The doctor on call, critical care
physician A.S. Anoop Kumar, knew
these symptoms meant encephalitis, an
inflammation of brain tissue that kills
hundreds in India every year. Kumar
tried to stabilise Salih, but by around 9
a.m., when the hospital’s neurologists
came to examine him, it was obvious
that something was very wrong.
Even though Salih was receiving top
end care, his condition was worsening
rapidly. He had some very peculiar
symptoms, recalls Chellenton Jayakrish
nan, one of the neurologists who treat
ed him. His heart was racing at over 180
beats per minute and his blood pressure
had shot up. His limbs were limp, dis
playing no reflexes. These symptoms
were unlike any encephalitis cases that
the team had ever seen. Jayakrishnan
and his colleagues ruled out, one by
one, dozens of common causes of ence
phalitis. Salih couldn’t have Japanese
encephalitis. The mosquitoborne infec
tion typically doesn’t affect more than
one person in a household, and his
younger brother, Sabith, had died about
12 days ago after showing similar symp
toms. His father and aunt, too, had con
tracted the infection.
Rabies, another possible cause of en
cephalitis, was ruled out too. “If the fa
mily had been exposed through a com
mon pet, they would have fallen sick at
the same time,” says Jayakrishnan. Salih
had fallen sick days after Sabith did. So,
was this a case of poisoning? The team
ruled this out, too. Toxins could trigger
encephalitislike symptoms but were
usually not accompanied by fever. “The Kerala government’s extraordinary response is no solace for Mohammed Salih’s family who have lost four members in three weeks to the Nipah virus.” The relatives of V. Moosa, Salih’s father, offer prayers at his
The neurologists knew by then that burial in Kozhikode. (Below) Virologist Govindakarnavar Arunkumar, head of the Manipal Centre for Virus Research, with his team at the Kozhikode Medical college. SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT/ S. RAMESH KURUP *
CM M ND-NDE
YK