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Choice of teeth for extraction in

orthodontics :Part III


M. ABOULNASER- Orthodontist, BAU, USA.
O. SANDID- Orthodontist, D.C.D., D.U.O, C.E.S.B.B, C.E.S.O.D.F ,
S.Q.O.D.F, Ex chargé de cours, Paris. France.

Contact: dr.aboualnaser@hotmail.com

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser Time 30 minutes
Extractions Contreversies in
Orthodontics
Part 3: Choice of teeth for
extraction

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
CHOICE OF TEETH FOR EXTRACTION

• 1st Upper Premolar Extraction


• Extraction of two lower premolars
• Extraction of 4 premolars
• Lower incisor extraction
• First molars extractions
• Wisdom teeth extractions
• Tooth impaction Extraction
Unfavorable position

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Choice of teeth for extraction.

1st Upper Premolar Extraction in Orthodontics-  51%


Camouflage treatment in adult skeletal Class III cases by
extraction of two lower premolars

Extraction of two lower premolars

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Crowding- Extraction of 4 premolars
www.orthofree.com

Extraction of 4 premolars 11%

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
M.D MCNUTT
Crowding- Extraction of 4 premolars
www.orthofree.com

Extraction of 4 premolars 11%


15-25-34-44

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
M.D MCNUTT
Crowding- Extraction of 4 premolars

Extraction of 4 premolars
15-25-35-45

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
M.D MCNUTT
Orthodontic treatment with lower incisor
extraction
.

Overeruption and attachment loss of tooth 31.

Kenza LAHLOU  Aalloula EL HOUSSAINE
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
First molars extractions

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser

Dr Lemay-http://www.orthodontisteenligne.com/blogue/extractions/ 
Second Molar Extraction

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Wisdom teeth extractions (7%)

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
 Impacted Maxillary Canine-Extraction

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
\

Traitements orthodontique sur des vrais jumelles


Twins treated by different orthodontic techniques.
Dr Alan Bagden

Dr Bagden a expérimenté 2 traitements sur des vrais jumelles avec et sans extractions,
résultats, profil est concave pour le cas traité avec extractions

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Relation entre extractions dentaires et l’apnée du sommeil ?
 Relationship Between Extractions and Sleep Apnea ?
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser

Extractions en orthodontie et constriction des arcades dentaires, Le


volume destiné a loger la langue a été réduit, pas suffisamment d’études
pour quantifier l’incidence sur la perméabilité des voies aériennes
supérieures , tout dépendra s’il y a mésialisation des dents vers le site
d’extraction ou recul du bloc incisivo- canin ?
Extractions et durée de traitement

Les extractions en orthodontie


reduisent - Elle la durée du
traitement ou la rallonge ?

http://www.dr-alexandrian-stella.chirurgiens-dentistes.fr/les-conseils-de-lorthodontiste/un-traitement-en-orthodontie-dure-combien-de-temps

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Conclusion

‫قوقما تأولتيتتلم لملن ال للعل لمل إلل لق ققلليل‬


Plus j’apprends moins je sais ?
Je sais que je ne sais rien, mais je le sais!
Socrate

EXTRACTIONS   Compromis Non Extraction

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Extractions Contreversies in
Orthodontics
Indications – Part 1
M. ABOUELNASER

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser Time 30 minutes
Les bénéfices du traitement orthodontique
Benefits of Orthodontic Treatment.
Le praticien espère obtenir:
• Une Amélioration Esthétique
Du Sourire, Du Profil rétrusif, Ou prognathique…

• Une Amélioration Fonctionnelle


De l’occlusion, Du parodonte, De l’ATM…

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Extraction versus Non-Extraction

Edward Angle Charles Tweed 

Le débat dure depuis plus de 100 ans, et ca continue, c’est le sujet le plus de
controversé en
Orthodontie
E. Angle le père de l'orthodontie croyait fermement dans le traitement non-
extraction.
C. Tweed, a observé que certains patients traités par Angle présentaient une
quantité notable de récidives, a retraité un certain nombre de ces cas en extrayant
quatre prémolaires, pour plus de stabilité …
Bousaba
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid S, Delatte
-o sandid-mohamad M, De Clerck
aboualnaser-mohamad H. Rev Belge
aboulnaser-m Med
aboualnaser Dent (1984). 1995;50(2):53-65.
Extraction versus Non-Extraction

Part 1: Extraction in Orthodontics and its Indications.


Part 2:  Non-extraction Philosophy, Space regaining.
Part 3: Choice of teeth for extraction.
Extractions in Orthodontics
Indications

1-Indications: Severe dental crowding > 7mm-Tooth-arch discrepancy


2-Indications: Anteroposterior relationships discrepancy.
3-Indications: unfavorable position of Tooth impaction, Dental ankylosis .
4- Indications: unaesthetic facial profile, Protrusion.
5- Indications: Adult crowding with gingival recession.
6- Indications: Dental Caries.
7-Indications: Supernumerary teeth
8- Indications: Patients not motivated and we need to shorten duration of
treatment.
9-Indications: Hyperdivergent facial type – vertical growth pattern.

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
1-Arch length- Severe Dental Crowding > 7mm

Tooth-arch discrepancy: Size of the jaw is smaller than the size of the
teeth
Dental crowding can be simply defined as the overlap of teeth caused
by insufficient space within the dental arch.
If the dentition is too large (Macrodontia) to fit in the dental arch
without irregularity, it may be necessary to reduce the dentition size by
the extraction of teeth.
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Indications: Severe Skeletal Class II
Correction of Occlusion Reduce overjet

  

Anteroposterior relationships ( Problem in patient cooperation, elastics, functional


appliances, headgear… )
Overjet is also known as “protrusion” of teeth, the lower teeth are too far behind
the upper front teeth.
In most Class II cases with abnormal upper proclination, it is advisable to extract
teeth (14-24) only in the upper arch and to retract the maxillary incisors and
canines. In case of the lower arch crowding it is advisable to extract in both the
arches (34-44).
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Indications: Severe skeletal Class III
malocclusion Reduce Reverse Overjet

www.orthofree.com

REVERSE OVERJET IMPORTANT Class III cases are


usually treated by extracting teeth only in the lower arch to
discourage the forward growth of mandibe (34-44)
Or surgery (15-25-34-44)

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Décalage des bases osseuses- Classe III squelettique- Overjet inversé
Skeletal Class III malocclusion- Reduce Reverse Overjet
www.orthofree.com

Dans le cas de Classe III squelettique, les extractions sont


envisageables pour Réduire le surplomb inversé, Extractions
de ( 34-44) ou ( 34-44 et 15 et 25 ).
Diego Rey Mora, Giovanni Oberti, PROGRESS in ORTHODONTICS
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Indications: Severe Openbite, hyperdivrgent

Reduce Openbite- Reduce lower facial height

Before Trt

After Trt
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2- Sévère Béance, hyperdivergence
Severe Openbite, hyperdivrgent

Cas De Sévère Béance, Hyperdivergence, Les Extractions Entraîne   Une


Réduction De La Béance Et une Diminution De L’étage Inferieur De La Face

Avant Trt

Apres Trt
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser www.orthofree.com
2-Indications: Midline correction, Dental asymmetry

Correction of Occlusion, Dental asymmetry,


Midline correction

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Correction des asymétries et de la ligne médiane
Midline correction, Dental asymmetry

Guilherme JANSON, José Eduardo Prado de SOUZA, J Appl Oral Sci. 2009;17(4):354-63

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
3-Impacted teeth - unfavorable position

Impacted Canine, Root Proximity, Root resorption

Unfavorable position

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
3-Impacted teeth - Unfavorable position
Impacted  molars, Root Proximity, Root resorption

Unfavorable position

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
3-Indications: Dental ankylosis

Tipping of teeth toward the ankylosed tooth and we need surgical intervention.

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
4-Biprotrusion - Convex Profile

Before Trt After Trt

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser

LIP POSITION: Incisor inclination


Biprotrusion

Reduce Biprotrusion, Gingival recession

Before Trt

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser

After Trt J Canon –orthofree.com


4-Protrusive profile and gingival recession, lower
incisor inclination on mandibular plane.

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
4-Position de l'incisive inférieure par rapport au plan
mandibulaire, soutien osseux
Lower incisor inclination on mandibular plane 90°.

90°

Quand on ne peut pas vestibuler incisive inférieure, tissu de soutien faible


Nous envisageons un traitement par extractions ,
La Position de l'incisive inférieure par rapport au plan mandibulaire nous donne des indications sur la
nécessite ou non d’extraire , on compare cela à une personne qui avance sur un balcon au au-delà 
de certaines limites la personne risque de tomber…
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser www.orthofree.com
Agenesis compensation

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
6-UNHEALTHY TOOTH
6- Indications: Caries, Decay

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
6-Delabrement dentaire-Caries
Unhealthy tooth
Extraction des dents carieés et préferable est indiqueé
dans le plan de traitement orthodontique…

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
7-Supernumerary teeth

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
8-Patients motivation
Indications: Patients not motivated- shortening duration
treatment, headgear wear, missing appointments

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
8-Manque de coopération et de motivation du patient
Patients not motivated

Le manque de motivation du patient: Non port des


élastiques, des forces extra-orales , des appareillages
fonctionnels etc…

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Serial extraction
Guidance of Eruption

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Traitements interceptifs -Guidage de l’éruption
Early Treatment - Guidance of Eruption
Le Guidage de l’éruption: L’extraction précoce des canines lactéales et dans certains
cas des premières molaires lactéales, permet d’éviter l’inclusion des canines,
D’où l’intérêt des traitements précoces interceptifs ….

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Retard d’ éruption des dents définitives
Delayed eruption of permanent teeth

Extraction de dents lactéales quand il y a Retard d’ éruption des


dents définitives

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Retard d’ éruption des dents définitives
Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
Une patient s’est présenté a l’âge de 8 ans, retard d’éruption, la panoramique
Montre l’existence de dents surnuméraires , d’où l’indication des extractions afin de
Guider l’ éruption des dents définitives

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non Extraction Extraction

Profil Concave
Convexe

Avant de décider le traitement par extractions il faut tenir compte


du profil et de la typologie de croissance du patient

Typologie faciale
Hypodivergent
hyperdivergent
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non Extraction Extraction

Position de l’incisive
inférieure
Etat parodontal

Avant de décider le traitement par extractions il faut tenir compte de la position


de l’incisive inférieure, l’ état parodontal, et la prédisposition a l’apnée du
sommeil…
Apnée du sommeil
Perméabilité des
voies aériennes
supérieures

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non Extraction Extraction

Stabilité
traitement
orthodontique, 
Récidive

Penser à la stabilité du traitement et au facteurs de récidives ainsi que de la


possibilité d’envisager une réduction amélaire proximale
ou stripping, en fonction de la forme coronaire

Réduction amélaire
proximale,
Stripping, Formes
des couronnes
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non-extraction Orthodontic therapy
Part 2
Dr M. ABOUELNASER

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non-extraction Orthodontic therapy

• 1-Transverse Control, Expansion


• 2-Sagittal Control, Reduction of overjet.
• 3- Levelling of the curve of Spee on the proclination of
mandibular incisors and expansion of dental arches
• 4-Molar distalization
• 5-Stripping: Reduction of proximal enamel.
• 6-Vertical Control: Unblocking of mandibular growth.

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non-extraction Orthodontic therapy
Transverse Control
Expansion-
Gingival recession-Stabilty ?

Dr. Greenfeld  orthofree.com


Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non-extraction Orthodontic therapy
Transverse Control
Expansion

Quadhelix Rapid Palatal Expander (RPE) 

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Sagittal Control-  Overjet reduction
Functional appliance

Early treatment , Bone Growth Stimulation, stop growing


Benefits of early treatment stimulate mandibular growth and blockageof maxilla, reduce
overjet and treatment without extraction.

O.SANDID
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Sagittal Control-  Overjet reduction
Intermaxillary Class II elastics 

O.SANDID

 Frankel functional regulator

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Sagittal Control-  Overjet reduction
Intermaxillary Class II elastics- Cooperation 

Intermaxillary Class II elastics

O.SANDID
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
 Impacted Maxillary Canine
Open space

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Maxillary canine impaction

          Molars distalization

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser O.SANDID
Facial Mask- Cooperation

O.SANDID
Vertical Control
Unlocking growth of mandible

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser O.SANDID
Levelling of the curve of Spee on the proclination
of mandibular incisors

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Levelling of the curve of Spee on the proclination of mandibular incisors

Respect angulation of lower incisors on mand plane (Tweed triangle)

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Levelling of the curve of Spee by the proclination of
mandibular incisors and expansion of dental arches

http://simpliclearpro.com
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Molar distalization- Cooperation

Headgear Mini-implant

Pendulum Lip Bumper


Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Tooth Stripping" -  Interproximal enamel reduction 

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Le déblocage de la croissance mandibulaire
 Unblocking of mandibular growth

Le déblocage de la croissance mandibulaire permet a la mandibule de s’


épanouir en évitant l’encombrement dentaire, et l’installation de la
rétrognathie mandibulaire, d’où l’intérêt des traitements interceptifs

Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser O.SANDID
Correction Oral Habits

Swallowing Pattern

swallowing pattern
Finger Sucking
Mouth breathing
Choice of teeth for extraction in orthodontics -oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Présentation en anglais
sur
www.orthofree.com
www.slideshare.net
Bibibliographie

1. Aras A. Class II correction with the modified sagittal appliance and maxillary second
molar extraction. Angle Orthod. 2000 Aug;70(4):332-8.
2. Basdra EK, Komposch G. Maxillary second molar extraction treatment. J Clin Orthod.
1994 Aug;28(8):476-81.
3. Basdra EK, Stellzig A, Komposch G. Extraction of maxillary second molars in the
treatment of Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 1996;66(4):287-91.
4. Bishara SE, Burkey PS. Second molar extractions: a review. Am J
Orthod. 1986 May;89(5):415-24.
5. Cavanaugh JJ. Third molar changes following second molar
extractions. Angle Orthod. 1985 Jan;55(1):70-6.
6. Chapin WC. The extraction of maxillary second molars to reduce
growth stimulation. Am J Orthod Oral Surg. 1939;11:1072-8.
7. Chipman MR. Second and third molars: their role in orthodontic
therapy. Am J Orthod. 1961 Jul;47(7):498-520.
8. Graber TM. The role of upper second molar extraction in
orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1955;41:354-61.
9. Graber TM. Maxillary second molar extraction in Class II
malocclusion. Am J Orthod. 1969 Oct; 56(4):331-53.
Extractions in Orthodontics
www.orthofree.com

Bibibliographie
10. Haas AJ. Let’s take a rational look at permanent second molar
extraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1986 Nov;90(5):361-3.
11. Harnick DJ. Case report: Class II correction using a modified
Wilson bimetric distalizing arch and maxillary second molar
extraction. Angle Orthod. 1998 Jun; 68(3):275-80.
12. Henriques JFC, Janson G, Hayasaki SM. Parâmetros para a
extração de molares no tratamento ortodôntico: considerações
gerais e apresentação de um caso clínico. Rev Dental Press Ortod
Ortop Facial. 2002 jan-fev;7(1):57-64.
13. Jäger A, El- Kabarity A, Singelmann C. Evaluation of orthodontic
treatment with early extraction of four second molars. J Orofac
Orthop. 1997 Feb; 58(1):30-43.
14. Jones H. Second molar extraction therapy - two case reports.
Funct Orthod. 2000 Winter;17(1):17-20.

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