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Pse Fall15 Web PDF
Pse Fall15 Web PDF
Fall 2015
Upcoming Events:
Indiana Electric
Understanding Per-Unit Cooperatives (IEC)
Quantities Annual Meeting
In power system analysis, it is common practice to use per-unit quantities for analyzing and Indianapolis, IN
communicating voltage, current, power, and impedance values. These per-unit quantities are December 7 - 8, 2015
normalized or scaled on a selected base, as shown in the equation below, allowing engineers PSE will attend and have a booth at the
to simplify power system calculations with multiple voltage transformations. annual event.
actual quantity
per unit quantity =
base quantity Announcements:
Percent quantity = per unit quantity x 100 PSE Chosen to Speak
For example, a transmission system operating at 117,300 volts with a nominal base rating
DistribuTECH’s
of 115,000 volts has a per-unit voltage quantity of 1.02 or 102% of nominal. Likewise, a 2016 Utility University
distribution system operating at 12,100 volts with a nominal base rating of 12,470 volts has (UU)
a per-unit voltage quantity of 0.97 or 97% of nominal.
Orlando, FL
117,300 Volts 12,100 Volts February 9, 2016
= 1.02 PU = 0.97 PU
115,000 Volts 12,470 Volts
PSE’s Rick Schmidt will present:
While most engineers studying transmission systems will evaluate analysis results in a Field Area Network
per-unit value as shown above, those studying distribution systems will typically convert Communications Overview
the per-unit value to voltage value using a 120 volt base. So for the above example, the
distribution system with an operating voltage of 0.97 per unit would be converted to 116.4
PSE Chosen to Speak
volts on a 120 volt base.
per unit quantity x base quantity = actual quantity
0.97 x 120 Volts = 116.4 Volts
New Orleans, LA
Historically, per-unit values have made power calculations performed by hand much
simpler. With many calculations now being done using computer software, this is no February 15 - 18, 2016
longer the primary advantage; however, some advantages still exist. For example, when
PSE’s Erik Sonju and Charles Plummer
analyzing voltage on a larger system scale with many different nominal voltages via
will present:
step-up and step-down transformers, per-unit quantities provide an easy way to assess
the condition of the entire system without verifying the specific nominal voltage of each Confronting the Age of an Aging
Electric Utility Infrastructure
subsystem. Another advantage is the fact that per-unit quantities tend to fall in a relatively
narrow range, making it easy to identify incorrect data. In addition to these advantages,
most power flow analysis software requires input and reports results per unit. For these NRECA Releases
reasons, it is important for engineers and technicians to understand the per-unit concept. Solar Case Studies
Authored by PSE
Continued on page 2
The case studies highlight some of
the innovative ways cooperatives are
satisfying their members’ demand for
solar-derived power.
Visit NRECA’s website to access the
case studies. http://www.nreca.coop/
solar-case-studies
G R=1.278 (Ω)
M
12% Impedance *14.7 kV X=6.852 (Ω) *14.2 kV 15% Impedance
8% Impedance
55 MVA TX 1 *117.3 kV B=6.205x10Λ-5 (S) 6 MVA
*116.2 kV 20 MVA
13.8 kV 10% Impedance 13.8 kV
50 MVA 115 kV-14.4 kV
14.4 kV - 115 kV *Measured bus voltage
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