Basics of The Aircraft Cabin PDF

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CAPSCA-Europe Meeting, Bern 18-21 June 2013
Basics of the aircraft cabin environment

Enable a hygienic environment and contaminant control
Presented by
Dr Joerg CREMERS from Airbus Operations GmbH
Expert Cabin Aeromedicine, Health & Comfort
Overview Cabin Environment in relation to Hygiene
Cabin
Environment
Air Supply Water/Waste Galley/Food
System Potable water System Design &

architecture supply Interfaces
Contamination Food cooling
control Waste water requirements &
Disposal technologies
Pandemics
Page 2
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Air Supply System Architecture
The Air supply system has three main functions: supply air and pollutant removal;
pressurization of the aircraft; temperature control and cooling of technical equipment
Page 3
Air Purity and Contaminant Control
Outside air
 Ozone (during cruise) VOC

 Odours (during ground operation) Converter
+
 Catalytic converters for depletion of Ozone / VOC Ozone
 Pathogens outside air: adiabatic compression in engine Remover
 Pathogens inside: HEPA filters, also odours
Pure Air
PACKs =
Conditioned, filtered, pure air = Passenger well-being
Air conditioning
HEPA* Particles free Gaseous**

Cabin air no odour
Filter air Filter
* HEPA : High Efficiency Particulate Air filter

* VOC : Volatile Organic Compounds; ** Option on A330/A340 only
Page 4
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Air Ventilation aspects in Relation to Pandemics
Risk of virus transmission is minimized by avoiding longitudinal flow, use of HEPA filters, low
humidity of cabin air (5-15 %). Studies [1], [2] indicate that proximity, specifically in the few
rows in front of the index case, is a major factor in the transmission.
[1] Valway S, Watson J, Bisgard C, Scudeller L, Espinal M, Raviglione M(1998) Tuberculosis and Air Travel: Guidelines for Prevention and Control,
WHO, Geneva.
[2]. Olsen SJ, Chang HL, Cheung TY, Tang AF, Fisk TL, Ooi SP, Kuo HW, Jiang DD, Chen KT, Lando J, Hsu KH, Chen TJ, Dowell SF (2003), New
England Journal of Medicine, Massachusetts Medical Society, USA
Page 5
Cabin Environment in relation to Hygiene
Cabin
Environment

Pandemics
Page 6
Potable water system architecture
Lavatories & Galleys
Compressor
Ground Water
Pressure Tanks
Connection
Water treatment module
(A350 XWB only)
Service
Panel
Page 7
A350 Two barrier water treatment: how it works
Function A: UV - Disinfection of the upload water flow

The A350 water treatment system provides an effective first
Barrier against external contamination during water upload
Function B: Continuous UV - water treatment with full circulation, that:

- guards the water from internal (re-)contamination within the system
- provides a second barrier that gives hygienic system robustness
Benefit: Decreased system maintenance costs by significant

prolongation of the maintenance-disinfection interval
Page 8
Waste water system architecture
Lavatories & Galleys
Waste
Tanks
Vacuum
Generators
Drain
Masts
Service
Panel Overboard
Vents
Page 9
Waste water system description
The waste disposal system is composed of:
- the toilet system,

-the waste water drain-system.
The toilet system discharges the waste from the toilets and the Galley Waste Disposal
Units (GWDUs) into the waste tanks.
Vacuum generators create the necessary vacuum on the waste tanks to ensure the waste
flow.
The toilet system servicing is carried out from the waste service panel. The waste water
drain-system discharges overboard the waste water from the galley sinks and the
lavatory washbasins through heated drain masts.
The control and indication of the waste tanks (and potable water tanks) inside the cabin is
done via the FAP (Flight Attendant Panel).
Page 10
Water/Waste System: Maintenance Aspects
For Maintenance, Service (Filling/Draining) & Disinfection the Safety Procedures in the
Aircraft Maintenance Manual have to be considered !
Page 11
Cabin Environment in relation to Hygiene
Cabin
Environment

Pandemics
Page 12
Galleys: Wet or Dry Type
Wet Galleys:
used to store and prepare food and drinks
connected to potable and waste water, air extraction, cabin ventilation and power supply
(Air from Galley & toilet area is discharged overboard (no recirculation))
Dry galleys: not connected to any system and are used for storage
Wet & dry galleys are often cooled by a supplemental cooling system (ATA 21-57)
Page 13
Galley Cooling Requirements
 Proper Cooling of Food is not yet part of Airworthiness Requirements  No

explicit FAR or JAR requirement yet
 Local rules of each country in which airline certifies the aircraft apply
 The airlines expect the fulfillment of these local rules
 Before 1997 Handbook on Sanitation of Airlines, Publication No. 308, (1982
Reprint) which includes 1) Sanitary Construction of Aircraft Galleys and Galley
Components, September, 1982 Reprint was setting a global standard of 7 °C
(45°F)
 1997 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Code explicitly requested 5
°C (41°F)
 1997 In response to the FDA Food Code the “Arrête du 29 septembre 1997
fixant les conditions d´hygiène applicables dans les établissements de
restauration collective a caractère social” of France asked for 4 °C (39°F)
 This is expected to become the European standard in the Airline Community
Page 14
Methods of Supplemental Cooling
Passive Cooling Methods: “No work done”
Dry Ice: Heat is absorbed via sublimation of CO2 , Cooling effect
typically lasts in 4 hours, no control possible, commonly used in S/A
Active Cooling Methods: “Work done”

Heat Flow
High Low
Temperature Temperature
Work
Primary Loop Cooling: Air Chiller, Wine Chiller, Freezer etc.
Secondary Loop Cooling: Remote Chiller System and Supplemental

Cooling System
Page 15
Supplemental Cooling Systems - EYVCS
Primary Loop Cooling
Principle: Generate cold at locations where cooling is needed!
Heat Sink
Air Ducts Chilled

Unit
Cold Generation Cold Consumption
Standalone units (decentralized cooling)
Cabin air is used as heat sink
Transport of air to big distances is not feasible (pressure losses, big duct diameters
(such as 100~150mm)  Alternative is Secondary Loop Cooling: transportation over
longer distances with liquid loops in centralized system, cabin or outside air as heat sink
Page 16
Supplemental Cooling Systems - EYVCS
Trolley Cooling Principles
Air
Air Over
Through
Air Over Air Through

Advantages • Up to 50% less cooling demand per • Fast pull down capability
trolley
• No direct contact to Air Flow
• Thermal Comfort in galleys is better
Disadvantages • Slow pull down capabilities • Insufficient thermal insulation of trolleys
• Less thermal comfort/cold trolley surfaces
• Heavy Condensation on trolleys
Page 17
© AIRBUS Cooling
Supplemental Operations GmbH. All rights
Systems reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
- EYVCS
Summary
 Public Health as well as internal requirements are considered for the design
of aircraft environmental systems to establish a good level of hygiene
 External sources (e.g. water supply) and interfaces (e.g. catering cooling chain)
to be considered to prevent contamination
 An overview about the aircraft design of air, water/waste and galley systems
has been given
Page 18
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© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS Operations GmbH. No intellectual property
rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS Operations GmbH. This
document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed
in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS Operations GmbH will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.
AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.
Page 19

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Use Tab 'Insert - Header & Footer' for Presentation Title - Siglum - Reference Month 200X

CAPSCA-Europe Meeting, Bern 18-21 June 2013

Basics of the aircraft cabin environment

Air Supply Water/Waste Galley/Food

System Potable water System Design &

 Ozone (during cruise) VOC

HEPA* Particles free Gaseous**

* HEPA : High Efficiency Particulate Air filter

Air Ventilation aspects in Relation to Pandemics

Air Supply Water/Waste Galley/Food

System Potable water System Design &

Lavatories & Galleys

Function A: UV - Disinfection of the upload water flow

Function B: Continuous UV - water treatment with full circulation, that:

Benefit: Decreased system maintenance costs by significant

Lavatories & Galleys

The waste disposal system is composed of:

- the toilet system,

Air Supply Water/Waste Galley/Food

System Potable water System Design &

 Proper Cooling of Food is not yet part of Airworthiness Requirements  No

Active Cooling Methods: “Work done”

Primary Loop Cooling: Air Chiller, Wine Chiller, Freezer etc.

Secondary Loop Cooling: Remote Chiller System and Supplemental

Air Ducts Chilled

Cold Generation Cold Consumption

Standalone units (decentralized cooling)

Cabin air is used as heat sink

Air Over Air Through

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