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LOG presentations – A standard API (American Petroleum Institute) log format exists

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The logs are used to determine specifically – Lithology of the formation

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CHAPTER - 12 PETROLEUM FORMATION EVALUATION 12.1 INTRODUCTION - THE FIELD

OPERATION – Wireline logging

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Wireline well logs are recorded when the drilling tools are no longer in the

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opposed to ‘cased hole’, in which a tube of metal casing lines the well) are

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MWD (measurement while drilling) or LWD (logging while drilling) logs, by contrast, are made

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1 and track 2 being separated by a column of 0.75 inch in which the

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Track 1 is always linear, track 2 and track 3 may have a logarithmic

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Objective – The objective of well logging is to determine the properties of the

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can be attributed to two processes involving the movement of ions: Electrokinetic ( electrofiltration
or

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D: Zeta potential Viscosity of the filtrate Electrochemical potential – is present when two fluids

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The origin of the electrochemical potential is the sum of two potentials described below:

CHAPTER - 12 PETROLEUM FORMATION EVALUATION 12.1 INTRODUCTION - THE FIELD

OPERATION – Wireline logging is done from a logging truck, sometimes referred to as a “mobile
laboratory”. Wireline well logs are recorded when the drilling tools are no longer in the hole. ‘Open-
hole’ logs (Open-hole indicates that the formation forms the wall of a well, as opposed to ‘cased
hole’, in which a tube of metal casing lines the well) are recorded immediately after the drilling.
MWD (measurement while drilling) or LWD (logging while drilling) logs, by contrast, are made as a
formation is drilled. LOG presentations – A standard API (American Petroleum Institute) log format
exists. The overall log width is 8.25 inch, with three tracks of 2.5 inch, track 1 and track 2 being
separated by a column of 0.75 inch in which the depths are printed. Track 1 is always linear, track
2 and track 3 may have a logarithmic scale or linear scale or combination of both. Objective – The
objective of well logging is to determine the properties of the rocks which are potential sources of
hydrocarbons. The logs are used to determine specifically – Lithology of the formation. Porosity
Fluid content Saturation 12.2 SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL – The spontaneous potential opposite
a formation can be attributed to two processes involving the movement of ions: Electrokinetic (
electrofiltration or streaming ) – develop while an electrolyte penetrates a porous, non-metallic
medium. The magnitude of the electrokinetic potentials depends on several factors: Differential
pressure across the medium Vp : Effective resistivity of the moving filtrate, Rmf Dielectric constant
of the filtrate, D: Zeta potential Viscosity of the filtrate Electrochemical potential – is present when
two fluids of different salinities are either in contact, or separated by semi-permeable membrane
such as shale. The origin of the electrochemical potential is the sum of two potentials described
below: Membrane potential - emf develops when two elect

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