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Your Expert For Tower Packings, Catalyst Support Material and Column Equipment
Your Expert For Tower Packings, Catalyst Support Material and Column Equipment
tower packings,
catalyst support material
and column equipment
chemical and
petrochemical
industries
environmental
engineering
one source,
one site
DROPLET
SEPARATORS
(DEMISTER)
LIQUID
DISTRIBUTORS /
COLLECTORS
RANDOM
PACKINGS
SUPPORT PLATES,
DURANIT ® GRIDS
FEED DEVICES:
INERT BALLS / GAS / LIQUID
CATALYST
SUPPORT
2 VFF
CONTENT
PRODUCT RANGE – RANDOM PACKINGS 4
PRODUCT RANGE – COLUMN INTERNALS 5
VFF – YOUR EXPERT ... 6
CONTACT ... 42
HOW TO REACH US 43
VFF 3
PRODUCT RANGE – RANDOM PACKINGS
®
D U R A N I T I N E R T B A L L S / C ATA LY S T S U P P O R T
DURANIT® Inert Balls DURANIT® X500-Inert Balls DURANIT® D92 Alumina DURANIT® D99 High Alumina DURANIT® Porcelain-Inert
Balls
R A N D O M PA C K I N G S M A D E O F C E R A M I C A N D T R A N S I T I O N A L G R I D L I N I N G S
Novalox®-Saddle Berl-Saddle Cylindrical Ring Pall®-Ring Special shapes
R A N D O M PA C K I N G S M A D E O F M E T A L
Cylindrical Ring Pall®-Ring VSP® Top-Pak® Novalox®-M
VFF-Twin-Pak® Interpack®
R A N D O M PA C K I N G S M A D E O F P L A S T I C
® ®
Pall -Ring VSP Novalox®- Igel® VFF-NetBall®
Saddle
L A B O R AT O RY PA C K I N G S
Berl-Saddle Cylindrical Ring Cylindrical Ring Interpack®
4 VFF
PRODUCT RANGE – COLUMN INTERNALS
S U P P O R T P L AT E S , G R I D S
Support grids:
Grid bar support Hold down Combined collector- and Multi beam support plates:
system grid support
plate
L I Q U I D D I S T R I B U T O R S / C O L L E C T O R S
Weir riser-pan Orifice pan distributor Pan type distributor with gas Ring channel pan distributor Deck type distributor with gas
distributor risers with orifices risers
and down
pipes
F E E D D E V I C E S : G A S / L I Q U I D
Gas sparger Feed Devices:
D R O P L E T S E PA R AT O R S ( D E M I S T E R )
VFF 5
VFF – YOUR EXPERT FOR DECADES IN TOWER PACKINGS
AND COLUMN INTERNALS ‘MADE IN GERMANY’
„
COMPETENCE AND KNOW-HOW QUALITY “MADE IN GERMANY
VFF products are used around the VFF offers the customer a maximum
world in various sectors – e.g. in the of operational reliability through
petrochemical and chemical industries, qualitative high-grade products!
in process engineering and in environ- VFF guarantees high product quality
mental technology – under a variety through internal testing as well as
of conditions. With many years of external controls within the scope
application know-how at its disposal, of certification according to DIN EN
VFF can provide customer support ISO 9001 and continuously tests
for numerous types of questions and opportunities for improvement.
offers appropriate solutions. Decades of In addition to the production pro-
experience and successful cooperation cess control by VFF employees,
with renowned companies makes VFF a the process stages are, of course,
reliable partner worldwide. also monitored and recorded by
Founded in 1967, VFF has
complex electronic equipment.
developed into the largest
producer of tower packings INNOVATION The processing of our own
and Inert Balls in Europe in a
raw materials on the most modern
short period of time, thanks Active research and development machines likewise contributes to a
to the right products and high based on the customer’s order as well consistent product quality. In order
quality standards. VFF has as enhancement and new development to be able to offer the customer
now become a globally ope- of products and materials ensure that the maximum possible operational
rating company with approx. the range is continually expanded, reliability and quality, VFF relies on
30 qualified representatives. making VFF a qualified partner that 100% “Made in Germany.”
recognizes customer needs and knows
how to implement them. In the VFF
laboratory and test facility, expanded FLEXIBILITY AND SERVICE
and rebuilt, and in close cooperation
with universities and institutes, VFF is Due to a large production
constantly working on the optimization capacity, VFF can be very flexible in
of known processes and the realization regard to customer wishes and can
of customer wishes. react quickly. The main focuses of
the company’s philosophy are:
6 VFF
V F F – A D VA N TA G E S AT A G L A N C E
individual support for customers, program. In the catalyst support and random packing already successfully
appealing products, the highest quali- Inert Balls product group, Inert Balls onto the market.
ty standards as well as prompt and are available under the designation
just-in-time delivery. DURANIT® X500, which far surpass The product range of random
all commercially available Inert Balls packings in metal has been completed
The VFF Random Packing in their class in durability. This new with the VFF-Twin-Pak® (a VFF patent).
Software supports customers in the quality standard offers the max. This new developed high performance
necessary calculations. reliability, even under the roughest random packing combines an
conditions during storage, extremely low pressure drop with the
transportation and reactor filling to best possible mass transfer and is
FUTURE PROSPECTS VFF customers. characterized by highest capacity.
The VFF-Twin-Pak® is already used
VFF has far surpassed the existing VFF has developed the VFF-NetBall®, successfully in different installations
standards, services and specifications which belongs to the product range worldwide.
for the total product-portfolio through of random packings made of plastics,
a future-oriented development and introduced this high performance
VFF 7
DURANIT ® INERT BALLS / CATALYST SUPPORT
For decades, VFF has supplied DURANIT® Inert Balls worldwide to renowned licensers and
end customers for processes in the chemical and petrochemical industries, as well as supporting
and covering layers for catalysts and contact masses in other industrial sectors.
8 VFF
DURANIT® Inert Balls DURANIT® X500-Inert Balls DURANIT® D92 Alumina
41/8", 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 3/4", 1", 41/8", 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 3/4", 1", 11/4" 4 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 3/4"
11/4", 11/2", 2", 3", 4“
VFF 9
DURANIT ® INERT BALLS / CATALYST SUPPORT
Physical-chemical properties
Average Inert Ball values
Parameter Unit DURANIT® DURANIT® DURANIT® D92 DURANIT® D99
X500 Alumina High Alumina
SiO2 % max. 80 max. 80 max. 7 max. 0,2
Al2O3 % min. 20 min. 20 min. 90 ~ 99
Fe2O3 + TiO2 % max. 4 max. 4 max. 2 max. 1
K2O + Na2O % max. 4 max. 4 max. 0,5 max. 0,4
CaO + MgO % max. 1 max. 1 max. 0,5 max. 0,2
Roundness dmax / dmin < 1,25 < 1,25 < 1,25 < 1,25
Void Space % 40 - 45 40 - 45 40 - 45 40 - 45
Compressive Strength kg Exceeds all international specifications
3
Material Density g/cm 2,2 - 2,5 2,2 - 2,5 3,0 - 3,4 3,0 - 3,6
Water absorption % <3 < 0,25 2-6 2-7
2
BET-surface m /g < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1 < 0,1
Mohs-Hardness Mohs ~8 ~8 ~8 ~9
Max. application temp. °C 1000 1000 1600 1800
Expansion coefficient 1/K 4,7 x 10 -6 4,7 x 10 -6 5 x 10 -6 6,7 x 10-6
Spec. thermal heat kJ / (kg x K) ~ 0,84 ~ 0,84 ~ 1,1 ~ 1,1
Thermal conductivity kJ / (m x h x K) ~ 6,3 ~ 6,3 ~8 ~ 14,6
Special ceramic upon request. Carbon (full cylinders) upon request.
Physical properties
Average Inert Ball values
Nominal size Diameter Spec. DURANIT® DURANIT® DURANIT® D92 DURANIT® D99
[“] Inches [mm] surface Bed weight** X500 Alumina High Alumina
[m2/m3] [kg/m3] Bed weight** Bed weight** Bed weight**
[kg/m3] [kg/m3] [kg/m3]
1/8 3-5 1285 1300 ... 1400 1300 ... 1400 -- 2000 ... 2200
1/4 6-8 500 1300 ... 1400 1300 ... 1400 2000 ... 2100 2000 ... 2200
3/8 9-11 350 1300 ... 1400 1300 ... 1400 2000 ... 2100 2000 ... 2200
1/2 11-14 280 1300 ... 1400 1300 ... 1400 2000 ... 2100 2000 ... 2200
5/8 14-17 220 1300 ... 1400 1300 ... 1400 2000 ... 2100 2000 ... 2200
3/4 19-21 170 1300 ... 1400 1300 ... 1400 2000 ... 2100 2000 ... 2200
1 23-28 125 1300 ... 1400 1300 ... 1400 -- 2000 ... 2200
1,25 29-35 105 1300 ... 1400 1300 ... 1400 -- 2000 ... 2200
1,5 35-43 85 1300 ... 1400 *) -- 2000 ... 2200
2 48-55 65 1300 ... 1400 *) -- 2000 ... 2200
3 72-80 45 1300 ... 1400 *) -- 1900 ... 2000
4 98-110 32 1200 ... 1300 *) *) *)
Generally accepted tolerances apply to all ceramic products. Special geometric properties (full cylinders, prisms, etc.) upon request *) upon request
**Bed weight = Spec. weight
10 VFF
VFF-DuraTop ®
DuraTop® special reformed packings are used among other things for covering
catalyst beds. DuraTop® special reformed packings can be added onto the top ball layer
or even replace the top ball layer.
As the top layers on the catalyst beds n good pre-distribution of the liquid n the large specific surface
DuraTop® special reformed packings and gaseous media, even before increases the retention of any
offer the following advantages: they reach the catalyst bed, particulate impurities of the
due to open internal structure of media before they reach the
n low pressure drop because of large the DuraTop® special reformed catalyst bed.
free-gap volume packing
Physical properties
Description Nominal size Diameter Height Spec. weight Spec. surface Free
[mm] [mm] [kg/m3] [m2/m3] volume [%]
Brochure „VFF-DuraTop®“
VFF-DuraTop®
41/2", 3/4", 1"
VFF 11
R A N D O M PA C K I N G S M A D E O F C E R A M I C
AND TRANSITIONAL GRID LININGS
VFF has a comprehensive program of ceramic materials, which has been used
worldwide for many decades in a large variety of absorption, desorption, distillation
and extraction processes as well as for heat storage, including applications in gas
purification, water treatment and product purification.
A wide range of all important columns basic design based on the n Recommendations as to what
packing shapes and sizes are operating conditions provided and extent a liquid redistributor should
manufactured in the VFF production will submit, for example, the following be used, to what extent a hold
facilities. Raw materials, manu- design recommendations: down grid or a droplet separator
facturing and firing are subject to (demister) including the design
continual, strict controls within the n Optimal packing materials should be used.
framework of the VFF operational (type, size, material)
quality assurance and external With the VFF packing software,
n Necessary column diameter
counterchecks. the column basic design can be
n Pressure drop calculated on a theoretical basis,
VFF packing materials from including column diameter, bed
n Hold up
ceramic materials offer a high ser- height, etc.
vice life and are extremely durable in n HTU and NTU values
acidic washing solutions, even under (packing height)
high operating temperatures. n Construction of the support plates
Upon request, VFF will con- n Construction of the liquid
duct a theoretical calculation of the distributor
12 VFF
Cylindrical Ring Pall®-Ring Novalox®-Saddle
45-200 mm 425, 35, 50, 80, 100 mm 41/2", 3/4", 1", 11/2", 2", 3"
Pall®-Ring Lower pressure drop than Novalox®-Saddle, more extensive manufacturing process than
Novalox®-Saddle
Novalox®-Saddle Approved for years, very efficient packing material; applicable for all separation processes;
very good price / performance ratio
Berl-Saddle Higher mass transfer performance than Novalox®-Saddle, more advantageous geometry
than Novalox®-Saddle
Special shapes Upon request and in coordination with the VFF customer
VFF 13
R A N D O M PA C K I N G S M A D E O F C E R A M I C
AND TRANSITIONAL GRID LININGS
Physical properties
Description Nominal size Spec. weight Spec. surface Free volume
[kg/m3] [m2/m3] [%]
Cylindrical Ring 5 mm 900 1000 63
6 mm 880 940 64
8 mm 870 550 65
10 mm 850 450 66
12 mm 720 360 67
15 mm 700 310 72
20 mm 650 240 74
25 mm 620 190 74
30 mm 570 165 77
38 mm 560 130 78
50 mm 550 98 78
60 mm 520 78 79
70 mm 530 72 78
80 mm 520 60 77
80 mm** 770 88 67
100 mm** 580 65 75
120 mm** 550 55 77
150 mm** 600 45 75
200 mm** 610 33 74
1 Bar 80 mm** 825 108 65
100 mm** 690 83 71
120 mm** 650 70 72
150 mm** 740 57 69
200 mm** 735 42 69
1 Cross 80 mm** 990 125 58
100 mm** 790 99 66
120 mm** 760 83 68
150 mm** 865 68 63
200 mm** 845 50 64
Pall®-Ring 25 mm 620 220 75
35 mm 540 165 78
50 mm 550 120 78
80 mm 520 80 79
100 mm 450 55 82
Generally accepted tolerances apply to all ceramic products. **) systematically stacked
14 VFF
Hold up KGa values
Ipme!vq
mjufs
\!!!!!!^
n4
271
100
90
251 80
70
60
231
50
91 20
71
$q0I!!6!ncbs!0!n
51 10
(1% CO2 in air = 4N2+1O2) / (4% NaOH + 25%
Na2CO3 + H2O)
m kg
4 1bar; 297K; FV =0,55 s m3
n
CE!\!!!!!!!!^
21 41 61 81 :1 3
ni
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 30
mG [kg/m2s]
Pressure Drop
Opwbmpy
3111
Information for process engineering 4c #!)2:!nn*
5
2#!)36!nn*
2111 2-6#!)49!nn*
Parameter Remarks Abbreviations: 911 3#!)61!nn*
711 4#!)86!nn*
D:d > 10 : 1 BD [m3/(m2*h)]: Irrigation load 611
BV [m3]: Tower packing‘s ordering volume 511
F F = F(D/d); Fmax = D [mm]: Column diameter 411
361
1,12 d [mm]: Random Packing‘s nominal size 311
81 Qbmm!! .Sjoh
Hmin 1 FF [%]: Flooding factor 36!nn!)2#*
61 46!nn!)2-6#*
Hmax 3*D ... 8*D, Fv [(m/s) * √kg/m3 ]: Gas loading factor 51 61!nn!)3#*
41 91!nn!)4#*
H [m]: Bed height of the Random Packings
(1 Bed) max ca. 6 m
Hold-up [L/m3]: Liquid hold up 31
Fv 0,1 ... 4 HTU [m]: Height of one transition unit
(BD = 0; BD > 0) min/max: Minimum / maximum 21
nth/H [1/m]: Separation factor per unit height 9
BD 3 ... > 100
∆p/H [mbar/m]: Specific pressure drop
7
∆p/H 0,1 ... 10 (a): FF>65%: Please use multi beam support plate 6
FF 20 ... 80 (a) (b): Please consider minimum 5
requirements for liquid or gas 4
Hold-up 10 ... 150 distributor and evt. aerosol problems. 3
HTU 0,1 ... 1 (b)
2
nth / H 0,7 ... 2 (b) 1-3 1-5 1-7 1-9 2-1 2-3 2-5 2-7 2-9 3-1 4-1
GW!!\!!!Qb!^
VFF 15
R A N D O M PA C K I N G S M A D E O F METAL
VFF tower packings have been used worldwide for many decades in a large variety
of absorption, desorption, distillation and extraction processes, including applications
in gas purification, water treatment and product purification.
A wide range of all important any filling of the packings should take With the VFF packing software,
packing shapes and sizes are place on a wide, stable support the column basic design can be
manufactured in the VFF production plate. calculated on a theoretical basis,
facilities. Raw materials and including column diameter, bed
manufacturing are subject to Upon request, VFF will conduct a height etc.
continual, strict controls within the theoretical calculation of the column
framework of the VFF operational basic design based on the disclosing
quality assurance and external of the operational conditions.
counterchecks.
This concerns the hydraulics
In column filling, a cone shape and mass transfer, whereby VFF has
and a high compaction of the chosen the optimal packing. For this,
tower packings is to be avoided, please see page e.g. 12 and 40.
VFF-Twin-Pak® New
16 VFF
Cylindrical Ring Pall®-Ring VSP®
415-50 mm 415, 25, 38, 50, 80, 90 mm 425, 40, 50 mm
Pall®-Ring Approved for years, standard packing; applicable for all separation processes; approved properties
for pressure drop, packing height, good mechanical stability and moderate pollution susceptibility.
VSP® High performance tower packing; compared to Pall®-Ring: lower pressure drop
without increase in packing height
Interpack® Patent Rein-Linde; for small quantities, lower price than Pall®-Ring; comparable properties to Pall®-Ring
Top-Pak® As a result of the spherical shape, the liquid distribution is more uniform, even with lower irrigation
density and higher packing height, beneficial, moderate pollution susceptibility and simpler draining from
the column even in a heavily polluted condition; favorable degree of separation with low pressure drop.
VFF-Twin-Pak® VFF Patent. A modern high-performance metal tower packing with best mass transfer and
extremely low pressure drop (see page 20)
Special shapes Upon request and in coordination with the VFF customer
VFF 17
R A N D O M PA C K I N G S M A D E O F METAL
Physical properties
Description Nominal size Spec. weight* Spec. Free volume
[kg/m3] surface [%]
[m2/m3]
Top-Pak® #2 160 80 98
Additional sizes upon request * for 1.4301 and standard wall thickness
18 VFF
Height of one Transfer Unit (HTU) Pressure drop
26-1
0,44
21-1
0,4
HTU OG [m]
8-1
0,34
6-1
0,3
5-1
0,25 4-1
$q0I!\ncbs!0!n^
0,22 3-1
NH3-air / water
0,2 (NH3 in 4N2 + 1O2 / H2O)
1bar; 290 K 2-6
0,19
BD = 15 m3 /m2 h
0,18
0,16 2-1
0,3 0,4 0,5 0,7 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 1-:
1-9
1-8
FV =wG G [ Pa ]
1-7
1-6
1-5
bjs!0!xbufs
1-4 )5O3!,!2P3!0!I3P*
2cbs<!3:1!L n4
CE!>!21///31 n3 i
1-3
1-26
1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-8 2-1 2-6 3-1 3-6 4-1 5-1 6-1
GW > xH!!!!!H!!\!!!Qb!^
Packings
Fv 0,2 ... 4 Hold-up [L/m3]: Liquid hold up 4
BD 3 ... > 100 HTU [m]: Height of one transition unit
min/max: Minimum / maximum
∆p/H 0,1 ... 10 nth/H [1/m]: Separation factor per unit height 3
FF 20 ... 80 (a) ∆p/H [mbar/m]: Specific pressure drop
(a): FF>65%: Please use multi beam support plate
Hold-up 10 ... 150 (b): Please consider minimum
2
HTU 0,1 ... 1 (b) requirements for liquid or gas
nth / H 1,5 ... 2,5 (b) distributor and evt. aerosol 1
problems. 1-5 1-9 2-3 2-7 3-1 3-5 3-9 4-3 4-7 5-1 5-5
GW > xH!!!!!H!!\!!!Qb!^
VFF 19
VFF-Twin-Pak ®
4New Random high-performance metal tower packing with a profile that comes close
to the structured packings, while not doing without the numerous
Packing made advantages of a tower packing. Its form combines an extremely low
of metal pressure drop with a convincing mass transfer!
20 VFF
dp/H: VFF-Twin-Pak® No. 2 vs. Pall-50-M HTU: VFF-Twin-Pak® No. 2 vs. Pall-50-M
Brochure „VFF-Twin-Pak®“
VFF 21
R A N D O M PA C K I N G S M A D E O F PLASTIC
VFF tower packings have been used worldwide for many decades in a large variety
of absorption, desorption, distillation and extraction processes, including applications
in gas purification, water treatment and product purification.
A wide range of all important which ensures exceptional hydraulics and mass transfer,
packing shapes and sizes are moistening immediately with the whereby VFF has chosen the optimal
manufactured in the VFF production first application. packing material. For this, please
facilities. see page e.g. 12 and 40.
In column filling, a cone shape
Raw materials and manu- and a high compaction of the pa- With the VFF packing software,
facturing are subject to continual, ckings is to be avoided, any filling the column basic design can be
strict controls within the framework of the packings should take place calculated on a theoretical basis,
of the VFF operational quality assu- on a wide, stable support plate. including column diameter, bed
rance and external counterchecks. height etc.
Upon request, VFF will conduct
In comparison to the traditional a theoretical calculation of the
hydrophobic packing materials, column basic design based on
VFF plastic packings stand out due the disclosing of the operational
to their special raised surface, conditions. This concerns the
22 VFF
Novalox®-Saddle Pall®-Ring VSP®
411/2" , 2" 415, 25, 38, 50, 90 mm 425, 50, 90 mm
Igel® VFF-NetBall®
440 mm 445, 90 mm
Pall®-V-Ring Improved design compared to Pall®-Ring; approved for years, standard packing;
applicable for all separation processes; approved properties for pressure drop, packing height,
good mechanical stability and moderate pollution susceptibility.
Igel® Patent Ciba-Geigy; lowest packing height, but only with clean media
VFF-NetBall® Special designed high performance tower packing with a high specific surface and a low
(see page 26) pressure drop; because of the spherical shape the liquid distribution is more even in relation to
other tower packings even for low irrigation densities and high bed heights; moderate pollution
susceptibility; simple discharge out of a column even for heavy pollution;
Special shapes Upon request and in coordination with the VFF customer
VFF 23
R A N D O M PA C K I N G S M A D E O F PLASTIC
Physical properties
Pall®-Ring 15 80 350 91
25 80 220 91
38 60 145 93
50 45 110 95
90 60 78 93
VSP® 25 60 185 93
50 45 100 95
90 30 78 97
VFF-NetBall® 45 42 140 95
90 41 130 95
24 VFF
Height of one Transfer Unit (HTU) Pressure drop
21-1
$q0I!\ncbs!0!n^
6-1
5-1
4-1
3-1
2-6
2-1
1-8
1-6
1-5
1-4
bjs!0!xbufs
1-3 )5O3!,!2P3!0!I3P*
2cbs<!3:1!L n4
CE!>!21///31 n3 i
1-2
1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-8 2-1 2-6 3-1 3-6 4-1 5-1 6-1
xH!\n0t^
VFF 25
VFF-NetBall ®
extremely high
hydraulic load
capacity
high specific
surface
*
special
abraded surface
*optional
26 VFF
Pressure drop diagram: VFF-NetBall®-90-P Pressure drop diagram: VFF-NetBall®-45-P
600 1000
900
500
800
700
400
Dp/ H (P a / m )
Dp/ H (P a / m )
600
300 500
400
200
300
200
100
100
0 0
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6
Ga s c a p a c ity fa c to r F v (Pa ^ 0 ,5 ) G as capacit y factor Fv(P a^ 0,5)
Physical properties (Materials: PP, PE, PVDF, further materials upon request)
Description Nominal size Spec. weight Spec. weight Spec. surface Free volume
[inch] [kg/m3] (PP) [kg/m3] (PE/PVDF) [m2/m3] [%]
VFF-NetBall-45®-P 2 42 43 / 82 140 95
Brochure „VFF-NetBall®“
VFF-NetBall®
445, 90 mm
VFF 27
SUPPORT PLATES, GRIDS
VFF support plates and grids in complicated multi beam support In addition, you will be briefed by
various design forms and with various plates with larger free gas cross- VFF regarding which support rings
supporting substructures carry the section and with separately guided or support beams are necessary and
weight of the packing as well as that gas and liquid flow are available. which weights from VFF internals in
of the liquid-hold-up from contamina- the column operations have an effect
tion during operations. A wide range of ceramic, on the column wall.
metallic and plastic materials, careful
They have to supply a sufficient in-house construction / production Upon special request, VFF will
open area, so that the gaseous and and quality controls round off the also draw vessel sketches. With
liquid phase can penetrate through VFF performance profile in this area. decades of experience in the various
and drain off sufficiently without fields of application for absorption,
obstruction. VFF is able to advise you, desorption, distillation, water treat-
verify the hydraulic column operation ment and adsorption, VFF offers
Depending on the hydraulic for you by means of calculations and their customers optimal performance
load of the column, relatively simple will conduct the necessary mechanical and service.
and inexpensive grid forms or more stability calculations.
28 VFF
AU-02-P AU-03-K AU-03-M
AU-10-M FSA-10-P
VFF 29
SUPPORT PLATES, GRIDS
Depending on the material and wall thickness, type, and supporting structure, VFF’s support plates and grids can carry
loads ranging from a few hundred kg/m2 up to more than 10 to/m2. The following table lists some of those types available.
Multi beam support plate AU-03-K, M, P < 1,2 35...85 25 (15) Trapezoidal profiles with slits
and holes, separated liquid
and gas flow.
Braun’s support grid AU-04-K > 0,25 > 50 50 (25) Standard elements:
500 mm x 300 mm,
height approx. 100 mm;
carrying substructure required
with minimum support width
of 100 mm.
30 VFF
Description Type min. A(f) [%] min NA Remarks
... max. [mm]
D [m]
Multi beam support plate AU-10-K, M, P > 1,0 35... 25 Single profiles, separated
liquid and gas flow,
> 100 recommended for operations
above 65 % of the flooding
point
Hold down grid RH-03-M, P > 0,1 75 25 (10) Grating, either single or
multi-sectional
VFF 31
LIQUID DISTRIBUTORS / COLLECTORS
Among others, the following n Particle concentration or all (or inner tube) or slots of appropriate
should be taken into consideration: sludge content in the liquid width or other design.
n Polymerizing components
n Turn-down ratio n Temperatures Special attention is to be paid
n Column diameter to, among others, a minimum opening
n Corrosiveness The turn-down ratio can be size, a minimum liquid level, an appro-
n Desired efficiency of separation influenced to a relatively wide extent priate internal distributor current
n Irrigation load by the design and location of the direction and an aligned distributor
n Distribution exactness drainage openings, e.g. multiple holes assembly.
n Viscosity of the liquid on top of each other in the sidewall
A standard liquid distributor’s turn-down-ratio depends on the necessary type; however, it is possible for each type
to expand the turn-down-ratio to a range broader than 1 : 2.1
R V- 3 0 - P R V- 0 3 - M FL-50-P
32 VFF
Description Type min. max. N(T) min. AB Remarks
... max. Fv [1/m2] ... max.
D [m] [Pa1/2] B [m/h]
Weir riser-pan FL-03-K, M, P 0,4 ...1,2 1,1 20...65 2...30 1:7 Inexpensive,
suitable also for very
distributor unclean liquids
Orifice pan distributor FL-04-M, P 0,4 ...1,2 2,5 65...160 1...150 1 : 2,1 Very reasonable,
suitable for
moderately unclean
liquids, modification
with built-in tubes
Ring channel pan distributor FL-05-M, P 0,3 ...1,2 3,5 65...130 1...40 1 : 2,1 Recommended for
column operations
with orifices (1 : 10) above 65 % of the
and down flooding point;
pipes also suitable for
moderately unclean
liquids
Trough distributor FL-10-K, M, P > 1 1,9 65...100 3...150 1:4 Inexpensive; several
main distributors;
(1 : 7) suitable for clean and
unclean liquids.
Trough distributor FL-20-M, P >1 3,5 65...100 1...40 1 : 2,1 Recommended for
column operations
with orifices (1 : 10) above 65 % of the
and down pipes flooding point; also
suitable for modera-
tely unclean liquids.
Deck type FL-30-M, P > 0,8 2,5 100 2...100 1 : 2,1 Several main
distributors; suitable
distributor for clean and
with gas moderably unclean
risers liquids.
VFF 33
LIQUID DISTRIBUTORS / COLLECTORS
Ladder pipe FL-50-P > 0,9 4,5 65...120 10 1:2 Suitable for clean
and unclean liquids.
distributor ...160 Pre-pressure necessary
( < 200 mbar)
Special designs > 0,2 > 3,5 > 200 0,5 ... 1: > 10 Modification of the
distributor e.g. larger
> 250 turn-down, min / max. ir-
rigation density, reduced
fouling susceptibility, va-
rious distributor systems
and versions, etc.
In general, all internals are designed with easy installation, adjustments and inspections in mind,
e. g. internals can be accessed through man holes or the vessel’s flanges.
34 VFF
FEED DEVICES: GAS / LIQUID
A gas distributor is necessary amongst other things in the case of high kinetic energy
in the gas inlet, small distances between the inlet and bed and for applications with
a very low pressure drop of the tower packing bed.
The effort associated with influence on the actual separation number of feed points of the feed
the installation of a gas distributor efficiency. A good starting distri- device for the liquid is increased.
is advisable for large column bution begins with a low-turbulence
cross-sections, low gas-free pipe liquid feed. The inflow speed of
velocities, very low bed heights etc. an axial feed should lie in the range
of 0.5 to 1.0 m/s depending on
The distribution of the liquid the requirement. An increase in
at the bed entrance has considerable this speed is possible when the
Gas sparger G-49-M, P < 2,0 > 80 Tube in the centre of the column with side holes or slots;
gas exits downwards; easy and very inexpensive; generates
minimum gas-side pressure drop; in case of large column
diameter, also available as H-type-design.
T-shaped ZR-10-M, P > 1,2 > 90 Feed device for low level impulse feed of a main distribution
trough of type FL-10 / 20 / 30 or similar.
feed device
H-shaped ZR-20-M, P > 2,5 > 90 Feed device for low level impulse feed of a main distribution
trough; however for larger dimensions or higher quantities
feed device of two main distribution troughs.
VFF 35
DROPLET SEPARATORS (DEMISTER)
For many decades, VFF droplet separators have been successfully used in a large variety
of applications and design forms – up to 18 m in diameter.
36 VFF
Examples of different droplet separator wire meshes.
The pad height of the wire mesh mist, such as that created during
droplet separators is between 100 and condensation, a considerably higher
150 mm in most applications. If the pad height or a multiple layer design
gas or steam flow contains very fine may be necessary.
VFF 37
DROPLET SEPARATORS (DEMISTER)
Type selection
(Standard wire mesh form and width, as well as standard wire diameter)
VFF type Spec. surface Spec. weight Free ** Material Design and application
[m2/m3] ** [kg/m3]** Volume [%]
T-01-M 150 Material: 1.4301: 80 99,0 1.4301 Standard types of metal with low
1.4541 to high packing density for almost
T-02-M *1 255 Material: 1.4301: 130 98,2 1.4401 all applications.
1.4571
T-03-M 345 Material: 1.4301: 170 97,6 Monel
T-10-M 420 Material: 1.4301: 125 98,4 Nickel High-performance metal types
Titan with similar packing density as
T-20-M 510 Material: 1.4301: 150 98,1 Tantal group 1, however, with higher
a. o. specific surface area for high
T-30-M 590 Material: 1.4301: 175 97,8 separation performance with
smallest droplets.
T-01-P *2 550 Material: PP: 50 94,5 PE Standard plastic materials
PP for aggressive media and
T-02-P 880 Material: PP: 80 91,2 PVC temperatures up to 80 °C
a. o.
T-03-P 1100 Material: PP: 90 89,0
T-10-P *3 550 Material: Hostaflon: 80 95,5 PFA High-persistent plastics for
ETFE (Hostaflon) very aggressive media and
T-20-P 680 Material: Hostaflon: 100 94,4 ECTFE (Halar) temperatures up to 180 °C
PVDF
T-30-P 890 Material: Hostaflon: 130 92,7 a. o.
T-01-P-HT 750 Material: PP: 65 92,7 PP These types are thermally
ETFE (Hostaflon) pre-shrunk and can therefore
T-10-P-HT 1000 Material: Hostaflon: 92 91,4 be applied without considerable
form changes to 80 °C or 140 °C,
respectively.
T-03-MP 560 Material combination: 94 VA/PP These types consist of mesh with
1.4301/PP: 190 VA/Teflon different wire materials (stainless
steel and plastic) and are used for
T-10-MP 560 Material combination: 94 coalescence.
1.4301/Teflon: 150
38 VFF
Pressure drop Pressure drop
Dvswft!)esz*!pg!ejggfsfou!espqmfu!tfqbsbupst
611
2000
561 U.12.N- i>211
U.13.N- i>261
3
511 U.14.N- i>261
1000
4 U.21.N- i>211
900
800 461 U.31.N- i>211
5
700
2
U.13.Q- i>211
Qsfttvsf!espq!\Qb^
261
$p [ Pa
211
100
90 61
80
70
1
60
50 1 L= 0 kg/[m2h] 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1
2 L = 30 kg/[m2h]
40 3 L = 80 kg/[m2h] Bjs!wfmpdjuz!\n0t^
4 L = 800 kg/[m2h]
30 5 L = 4560 kg/[m2h]
20
0,8 1,0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
FV [ Pa ]
Separation efficiency
Installation options
100%
90%
A B 80%
70%
Separation efficiency
60%
d = 3 Mm
50%
d = 5 Mm
40% d = 10 Mm
d = 20 Mm
30%
20%
10%
0%
A B
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00
A:A:Installation
Montage vonfromunten
below B: Installation from above Gas velocity [m/s]
VFF 39
VFF RANDOM PACKING SOFTWARE
VFF Random Packing Software for the calculation of column hydraulics, HTU and NTU values,
absorption and stripping.
System Requirements
Brief Description
(Tower
packings)
All program windows are self-
explanatory. In addition, there is a
comprehensive help function. In every
program window, further details or
background information is therefore
provided.
40 VFF
Excerpt from the substance list, sorted by substance classes:
VFF 41
CONTACT IN GERMANY
W O R L D W I D E A G E N C I E S
All data provided in this brochure are for general information only. Claims under the public law or any other claims cannot be derived from this information.
This brochure is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved by Vereinigte Füllkörper-Fabriken GmbH & Co. KG. Any reproduction is prohibited, entirely
as well as in extracts. Exploitation of any kind without prior approval by Vereinigte Füllkörper-Fabriken GmbH & Co. KG is illegal and actionable,
particularly with regard to reproduction, translation, microfilming, storage and data processing inside of electronic systems.
42 VFF
HOW TO REACH US
ap
pr C
ox ol
.1 og
00 ne
ICE
km station
Monta-
baur
Exit Dernbacher
Ransbach- Dreieck
Baumbach BA
RANSBACH- B
A3
BAUMBACH /E
5
Exit
Höhr-Grenzhausen
Fr
BAB A48
ap ank
Trier pr fu
ox rt
.1
MONTABAUR 00
km
HÖHR-
GRENZHAUSEN
VFF 43
VFF 999 27 002 äÎÉÓä£È All data provided in this brochure are for general information only. Claims under the public law cannot be derived from this information. All rights are reserverd by Vereinigte Füllkörper-Farbriken GmbH & Co. KG.
Your expert for:
V EREINIGTE F ÜLLKÖRPER- FABRIKEN GMBH & CO. KG, P. O. Box 552, D-56225 Ransbach-Baumbach
Phone + 49 2623 / 895- 0, Fax + 49 2623 / 895 - 39, E-Mail: info@vff.com,
www.vff.com, www.vff-duranit.de, www.vff-netball.de, www.vff-twin-pak.de