You are on page 1of 171

ABC D

D ABEADA BF
0 1A A B 2

BF C EEA B ,

C F ABF A C 4

! "C EC#DCB BF $AF 5

% & C /

'C#DCB BF EF BAEC ( ) A FC 6

'C#DCB BF EF BAEC ( ) AC C %!

E 'C#DCB BF EF BAEC ( ) ")* ,,

E ABAEAC *) ABC 45

" D E ABC +BC 6!

, & D A# C D C- EFC 52

)BE B - D B ")* 5

" F #D F ECB B B C &. %/ 53

BC B AB ! /3
DA CB FC
0 1A A B 2

E * F EEA B 7 ECB B B C "*0 33

)#AFA CBA C ECB B 77 ,

BF EA B A *) ABC
AB !4

8 . B 9C B "'* %4

C # EA B B BC F CBA C ,4

4 & F BC /4

BC B AB % /3
DA CB FC
AB C D

:"C #C B CF ; C
A BC #C CE BC:< E = >FCB
AB C D
0 1A A B 2

AB C D
)F ABAEA EA B ABC FA B DC C 9 FA1C A
FC C A ABAEA B C C D C- EFC
C B ABC< D CB BC FA B B
ECBCEA#A BFC D C # EA B ? F AC ECB
ECBCEA#A BFC B #AE CECBF C C
) F A C F D B C D A EC#D @ C ECB DA CB
AB # C< D C D E A F B
ABF B ABF C EA # B C ABC
AB -
D C # EA B
A #C ? E?C E BC C F FC A - BD AE EACB
A C D B C D F ABF EFC < - F
D D B EF BAE B 8C # # B - A1 FA

BA# #C EFC ? E E BC C DCC- EFC


BECBF B # B < - EC#D
D # BF AE?
AB8C # EA B ECB DC BECBF B D AB C8AEA
ABC B ?FFD(CC>>> ABC EE
EFBA C A AB
BA A A ECB EA BF C< D C F
C FA B # E?C ABC( B ECEAB
EAB F E < B
F ECE? C B #D CB F 9 < B BC F B B
#A # 8C #

BC B AB 4 /3
DA CB FC
AB C D
0 1A A B 2

& D E ABC B D @C C B C ECB B


DC # ? E B F F #AB < A # B
D ECB #AE CECBF C C ECBF C C B C
D E #A BFC F ECE? < #AE CCB F ECEAB C
C E BC F C8AEAB

" EF BAE BC C < - B C @C /2 C CB C .CC


1 FAEAB EF BAE E 1 7 # D @ -
F < - F D AEEA B ? E ##D A C F # B
? E C E # A B C B F 1A # < F
F B BEA FC 1 A E #D A B C < DC C DC #C
D B B F C 8 F C F #C C C
# E?C # F 8 EFC EF BAEC B B F 1A
ECFA A B

C 9 #D C< B B 8 F C BF B F 'C B
A ( F 'CE DEC # B AB8C # EA B EB
1A C ) F C +BA C D E BFC C FA #
#DC F
B F 8 EC - F # B 'CE D'C'C DC
? E F FAE C

& BFC A FA B EC#C BC FA B ECBCEA#A


CEA#A BFC
EF BAE < F A C F ABF DC B E AF
ECB EA BF FC C C F C < -< A D <
#C A8AE C F FC

BC B AB / /3
DA CB FC
AB C D
0 1A A B 2

)B F A C D B 8 BEACB #A BFC
B B
#AE CECBF C C < D C # C-? E ABF EFE ECB
F BFC BC

A AB
DA CB B 9C1 B EC#D @
E BF B C C ? #A BF
D B @ EF BAE
AE B
? > E A CD A FC & B #C B
FA B B B CB D ECB A
D C EFC EF BAEC B D EAC
A A E #C D C- EFC - C EC#D EC FA#C
) E A A#C F FC A D ? E EF BAE # 8 EA -
# A1 FA = F D AB > >>> CDA CB
C EC#

BC B AB 6 /3
DA CB FC
B B

F) ?C# BA# ? E ? #A BF G<


H B9 #AB I B$ AB
B B
0 1A A B 2

B B
A #C EEACB C C EC#DCB
E BF
B EF BAEC D B #C F B
B B # EFA D D B - C< D
1 E C F D CDAC
AC D C- EFC
EF BAE
)B F D F C DC BECBF B 1
E ADEA B FC C C # BFC
8C # B D F F $AF
C # BF D E ABC #
F CE # BF < C ? - # E?C
A C B B
!"

F FC A - DC # 9 #D C
A DCBA
)F D E F B #AE CECBF C C
F# %!5 *A DCB / BF
B AE < , BF C A A AF

BC B AB 3 /3
DA CB FC
B B
0 1A A B 2

E /D B EC#C
#C A J.
& # A B A DCB ECB EFC
A# BF EA B< B ? ' - B D C
F ) C EA C / .A7
#D 7 F 9 < ECB EF C 1 + H
F '
'
AB#A D + H FADC
$% FADC
H<

A#D EAB A D C C ? A
ECB B ABC +BC< 42 E#
# C A1
D ECB EF F D E ' - DC
DC #

BC B AB 2
DA CB FC /3
B B
0 1A A B 2

%A B A

" D E D CFC C CB A#
A#D EAB A
D C F D CDAC D C- EFC
EF BAE < - C D EC CE
C EC#DCB BF EF BAEC - ? E
F B ECB EF C EF AE # BF K'CB B F
D CFC C DC 1 F D C- EFC
A A BF BA1 L

%B "C E CB
& B BA A#D EAB A D
B'B ( ) #AB F D C- EFC
EF BAE < -
A1 B D ECB EF
C A8 BF
EC#DCB BF BF
)B $AF BECBF

BC B AB
DA CB FC /3
B B
0 1A A B 2

C C AB E F E A < B
E C9C< - CF E B C ) B C
BC # # BF D A BFA8AE
FA8AE C E
1 B FA - C C9C D A BFA8AE
A# BF EA B - @ 1 B
#AE CECBF C C

*+$ &C C ? #C A C
DC E - ? #C
1A FC E
EC C A BF -
BF ( C ")*
)B F $AF
ABE A#C ")* A8 BFF EC C - F
B @ #C FA A7 C

BA )F B B E A # EF AEC

A# AB #C DC CB EC#
EC#D F # BF
BC B AB !
DA CB FC /3
B B
0 1A A B 2

A#D EAB A B A @C EA E AFC


EF AEC )B CE ACB < C A @ C C
FA A7 B D D C EA E C < B CF < D
A F A A EC A BF - F B A B # B
E B B EA E AFC
C A #C
A BA, )B F $AF F D C1 #C
A8 BF A FC < A#D EAB A D F
D C- EFC

$ BA )F D D CD E DF
A CA F #D F # A BF
-.F"/ 'CB D @C &. %/
DC C F D CDAC
F # # FC
) &. %/ B EA E AFC
ABF C EFE EC#C B
BC F #D F
E A C A EF # BF B
C ' A < A# BF
BF ! 6M - 4 4M< DC C
A D C
A EF # BF ECB F D E
ABC CDC EACB B A 1C F 9
AB # BF D CDC EACB F ##D F B
C ' A ) &. %/ FAF FC
E AEC ".%%4

BC B AB %
DA CB FC /3
B B
0 1A A B 2

$ BA C0 K. A 7 B BE 8 F B 8 EA L &
D BF #C
B C "*0< B
BC E D 7
# A
1 A EACB 7
# A BF
+B B C "*0
B A FC
1 1 C ?#AEC B 8 BEA
BE B
E BFA 7 ABEA C ' B C
BC ABEA 7 C BC 1 C
A F BEA # - FC< - # A
ABE # BF 7 ABEA < 9 1 C
A F BEA

%C00 A B ) 7 # C
0C BA N

77 C DA 7C D $ B AB D< B
# BFC E D 7 F B 8C # EF AEA
BC B AB ,
DA CB FC /3
B B
0 1A A B 2

B CBA C D D AE EACB
EC#C FA# < # < FE )B F F FC A
D B #C FA A7 C - D C # B
# C AE ECB B F C ABC
" A# B A7 A BC
$ BA F CBA C A'D 02,
A B B ) B BC D @ A# B ACB (
1 2$ 34 ,4B!2B 4##
&A B , DAB < A7 A E? CB(
• A# BF EA B 4M
• C BF &A
• C A )E?C
• =*
'CB B C A'D 02, DC
C #C C
D AE EACB
D E E
A F BEA
D EFC
C 9 FC < EC#C
DC 9 #D C B
C CF # 1A
C B AF #
F EEA B
ABF C

BC B AB 4
DA CB FC /3
B B
0 1A A B 2

" D BF EAF A C CB BC
F + A DC AFA1C
* )* 5/65 BA D
DC
1A A7
FC
B FC
D C- EFC
A -
# E?
8C # A8 BF - B CF BC D
B C E 7 ?C
ECB EF )B F F FC A 1 #C# EC#C
ECB EF B "'* *. /2!O !O ECB ABC

BC B AB /
DA CB FC /3
- BA7 B A #C B
B B AD B

F" E EA B FC A EF < E C 8A # # BF <


EBAEC FADC E EA B BA F G E A#C1
B B AD
D B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

* BA
- B C BA
C # EA B C # EA B - A >
& AEC
AB C D
)F B BE A # EF AEC
A# B BC DC CB EC#D F # BF
A#D EAB A B A @C EA E AFC
EF AEC )B CE ACB < C A @ C
C FA A7 B D D C EA E C < B CF <
D A F A A EC A BF - F B A B
# B E B B EA E AFC
A #C A FC
' !B
)B D BF F FC A 1 #C A8 BF D EFC F AEC
C A FC (
- ABEADAC 8 BEACB #A BFC A FC
- EEACB A FC D B ")*
- M BF 9 C ")* - D AE EACB
- 9 F A C ")* # A BF ABC -
J.
BC B AB 5 /3
DA CB FC
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

1 A 8 A ( $B9 8 A AB
=C D AE

BC B AB 3
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

AC B B B

C AB C D
)F B B E A # EF AEC A#
A AB #C
DC CB EC#D F # BF A#D EAB A B A @C
EA E AFC EF AEC )B CE ACB < C A @ C C
FA A7 B D D C EA E C < B CF < D AFA A
EC A BF - F B A B # B E B B EA E AFC
A #C A BA, )B D BF F FC A 1 #C
A8 BF D EFC F AEC C A FC
E D B 9C B
) A FC B # BFC EF AEC E DFC < B BFA C
EA B EF AE - F B 8C # B B EFA
) A FC E EF A7 DC CDCB
DCB D C
EC A BF EF AE < D CDA # #C
A A , C C< B # E? CEC ACB
? E 8 BEA C A FC EC#C A ,

" A F BEA EF AE < 9 BFC ECB BAA -


D < CB # C : A -
B 8ABA EB ( ; B A A BF
E EA B # F # FAE (

BC B AB !2
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

* - ?# E ABF B A
EC A BF B EA E AFC EF AEC A EF # BF
D CDC EACB F B A B AB1 # BFF D CCDC EACB
A F BEA EF AE
FB B ( 9 B <BC

+B 1 7 ECBCEA - ?# DC # #C D AE
E B C A @ #C EA E AFC < - DC 9 #D C A B
A FC CF C B 8 BEA B A EC A BF #C
EA E F 1 C E AB # C< ? - CF C
8 EFC A#DC F BF 1A B ECB C A FC ( DCF BEA
# BA# D A AD B 8C # E C EB
8 EFC PC ) 8 EFC PC 8 B # BC B
D F B EAB FAE EC A BF EF AE
EA E DC B ECB EFC F B 8C # B E C
#ABA#A7 E C D B B A FC < B E AC
E E DCF BEA BF F #AB
C #C E E DCF BEA # FAD AE B C 1C F 9 -
ABF B A Q R SMT< D C D AE B C - ?#
DC #C E E DCF BEA B 8 BEA B 1 C
A F BEA EB A A BF E EA B(

BC B AB !
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

' A FC FA B B DCF BEA BC#AB < DC 9 #D C


C,J< C5>< FE 'C#C # - D C # BF 1 C
DCF BEA B E AC E E A BC B EF # BF A
C 1 C EC# EA < A A #D BC DCF BEA
D AC < D 8 A # BF C ? - A E E C
C A C 1 E BF # -C DCF BEA A9 A < # -C
F # @C A FC 0 EC < E C BC B
B #A C C EA E AFC EF BAEC
AEC < - B
BE C E C DC E 8 #C E?AA D - ? #C
BC @ B C EA E AFC

E=C B A BA ; (

'C#C B FC C< E A8AE EACB ? - FC C C FC <


D C DC C B DC #C ? E A A BF
E A8AE EACB "C DC #C E A8AE EB 8C # B(

• -1-< AB &? C ?D?C DFF E?BC


E?B C -< CB
C A FC AB F #C B D E EF BAE
# A BF 9 C

• $.-< AB 8 E D#C BFDFF E?BC


E?B C -< CB
A FC B A EF # BF B 7CB

BC B AB !!
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

ECB EFC 'H

"C DC #C E A8AE EB 1 C B(

• 0 A FC 1 C 8A9C
• 0 A FC 1 C 1 A
• 0 A FC D EA

BC B AB !%
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

"C A FC 1 C 8A9C E EF A7 B DC 1 C
BC D #C A8AE " B EC C 1 #C
# BF D AE C A FC F E F C

"C A FC 1 A E EF A7 B DC 1 C
D #C A8AE B F 1C BF A7 B C B
E C # F AEC C E DC EC#DCB
#DCB BF < BF C
F E F C F B C F FC
F - C
DCF BEA # F C C F A##

BC B AB !,
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

"C A FC D EA E # A B 1 C B 8 BEA B
B 1 A BF B )B F E F C F B #C C
BC "*0< E -C 1 C D B 7 ABEA
C C "C "*0 DC 9 #D C F B B 8 C
EA D F #AB E B C FA F B B
BE B "C F #A FC CB A FC E -C 1 C
D B F #D F < B F E F C F B #C C
&' - C =&'< - C DC #C BECBF DC 9 #D C B
AB F A - B 8C # CBB D # A
F #D F D CE C AB F A ) 1 C C
1 A FC C M*0 D B F B A B D AE BF
F #AB < - B C # B FC A FC C .*0
1 C 8 BEA B E #DC # B FAEC D AE C
D D B AE # BF D 8AEA
A D A (C
" BA ECB # A#C
1 C A F BEA
EF AE ?#< D
BF # A BF F
A C# U BC# A1 D A C
8 AEC C A#CB ?# Q 653D 54,T )BBE A E C<
# - EC#EB

"C A FC D BF B B C EAA E AFC EF AEC


F DAE # BF EB BC # # AE B < E -C # C C
E? A A BF A# B & # A B C
DC #C BECBF ECB # C C ABFF B EEACB <
BC B AB !4
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

A7 A A A BF A# B(

E D B C B B B A ! BA C
A A FBA !
# AB #C - ? #C A @ C B F C EA E AFC(
#C A 1 C 1 F B 8A9C C 1 A <
FADC BE D C F B ABE C DCF D BEA
? #C D B C FA B A AD < 1 #C
#CBF D CFCFADC C D CFC C - BC #C
E BF BC #C A FAB A 1 C A#D
A 1A F
C F < FC BC DC # < C A FC
EC#DCB B E FC B ECB C DC #C
A BFA8AE E EF FAE

BC B AB !/
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

" B A A CB C C AFC #
A BA8AE FA1C 1 C A FC " F E B
AB AE DCF BEA 2 F B #C # FAD
F AE C
C D A# C AFC D C F B 1 C IAB # BF <
E F B AB AE FC BEA A FC

C 9 #D C D E C B A FC E - B CB(

• A# B C9 ) D A# AFC A BA8AE FA1C


!
• B B C9 ) B C AFC
A BA8AE FA1C !
BC B AB !6
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

• & E B # B( C C D A# C AFC
A BA8AE FA1C @ A#C B E C F < C
BC !!2
• ' F B C < EA FC BEA 4V

B A7 B C B #C 1 C !!2
?# ECB B FC BEA 4V< C B A
1 C D C EA BF !!2W ?#
E D B C B B A
' B C 1A #C B EA E AFC EF AEC
EC 1 #C 1 AC
A FC ECB EF C BC ECB CF C< - FC C 9 BFC FA B B
B A F BEA A1 BF )BFCBE < 1 #C 1 E #C
D B ECB EF C A FC - EC#C
C#C E E
A F BEA A1 BF B F D F C "C A FC
D B ECB EF B A (

)B F E C 1 C A1 BF (

& # A B DC #C ECB EF B D C< E -


! D BF EA B A A BF (

BC B AB !5
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

' B C F B #C C A FC ECB EF C B D C<


A F BEA A1 BF EC DCB ECB A A BF

E EA B(
" C DC #C EC#D AE EC ECB
A FC # EC#D 9 < D C K F CB AE
AL

BC B AB !3
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

> B C

" - C?#(
- ?FFD(CC >A$AD A C C>A$AC" -X X ?#
" - OA E?C88(
)B E - - D
F C ?FFD(CC >A$AD A C C>A$AC"
A$AC" - X XO
EACB A E??C88
MA CF FC A B E B YC F DA CB(
- =C *A DCBA

)B B F C
E B
YC F (
)B > FA B CF C D C- EFC
FC EACB C <
BF B(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CFF FC A
= FC
F FC A (
)B DA CB F B #C EC#C # F E A
AC D BC D BFC 1A F B# F
- D FAEAD B B F C 8C C A FA B B C
ABAEA FA1 D EFC F D C- EFC C E A
BC B AB %2
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* BA
0 1A A B 2

I E$ - CF C B(
EC# BF AC - ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#C8C
C8C C D
A-C8C C C D BC

BC B AB %
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* B B
0 1A A B 2

* B B
- B -C BA
C # EA B C # EA B - A > & AEC
AB C D
) AC C B EC#DCB BF EF BAEC
E EF A7 DC C 9 D EC A BF
F 1 F #AB B B BFA C< #A BF
BC D #AF EA E EC A BF B
BFA C ECBF AC< A # BF DC #C
ECB A C EC#C B ABF DFC )B F FC A
D F B #C 1 F C AE EACB ECB
AC C BC D #AF BF B
8 BEACB #A BFC D DC F AC # BF
DC #C C B EA E AFC EF BAEC

' !B
.)B ECBE FC< B F FC A 1 #C (

• 8 BEACB #A BFC
• .C C AC C A
• .C C AC C BC A
• .CBF 9 B B EA E AFC
BC B AB %! /3
DA CB FC
B B AD B &* B B
0 1A A B 2

• &ADC
• D AE EACB

1 A 8 A ( $B9 8 A AB
=C D AE

BC B AB %%
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* B B
0 1A A B 2

AC B B BA B

Paso AB C D
) AC C BA B DB F 8C # C DC C C F #AB (
1
BC C - E FC C ) BC C B EF C C E C
DC AFA1 # BF < - E FC C EF C C E C
B FA1 # BF " EC A BF D 8 A E FC C
BC C D C BC B A EEA B CD F

Figura 1. Leds en la oscurid


dad.
' B C D AE #C F B A B BF C F #AB AC C
C F #C DC A7 B C< FC < F #CC D AE B C B
A8 BEA DCF BEA BF F #ABAB )B 8 BEA B
F #AB D A #C # -C - # BC
B DCF BEA
BC B AB %,
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* B B
0 1A A B 2

F #C DC A7 B C AC C B A EF C B AB1 <-
F # B DC #C #C EC#D
EC#DCB BF B
8C # CF M #C 1 C B A A BFF D F C

.B B B B
* D F C < ABF BFF E #C
1
EC#DC F # BF B AC C B B EA E AFC ' B C
ECB EF #C BC C B DCF BEA D AC E FC C
F #C DC A7 B C C B A EF < - F # B
AC C EC#DC F EC#C B ABF DFC
FC E C< 9 B C
D EC A BF AB A#AF EA B B )
)B A A BF
8A DC A 1 EC#DC F #A BFC
FC B AC C B
DC A7 EA B A EF (

A C 8A9 A < C B B B : B A0 B A ?
2
C C B B 9 C'B BAA
)B E # AC< E B C ECB EF #C E FC C B # -C
F BA B E FC C C F #C DC A7 B C B AB1 <-
B F CE A B AC C CDCB D C EC A BF <
DC C C DC #C #C EC#C B ABF DFC
A FC )B A A BF 8A DC A 1

BC B AB %4
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* B B
0 1A A B 2

EC#DC F #A BFC B AC C B DC A7 EA B AB1 (

.B B B B B
1 )B D EFAE ? - ECB A BC
B D EFC
E B C F 9 #C ECB AC C )B D A# < FC C
AC C FA B B F #AB F BA B # ? E
8 F 1 BE D D EA E EC A BF < )B
B AC C A AEAC F B A B # D CBA#
CB # BF
2 /M< #A BF B B AC C # BAC
B F BA B
# D CBA# # BF 2 %M
C CF C C< E BFA EC A BF D E DF
B AC C B DC A7 EA B A EF A#AF
AF < - A
EC A BF # A D @ #AECB EFC < DC
C B A#AF C EC A BF D CF 9
C #AECB EFC
IAB # BF < F # A B A#AF F B A B B AB1
D CDC F B AC C< - B F BA B B
DC F A EC#DCB BF
.B ' C A C B

BC B AB %/
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* B B
0 1A A B 2

1 # AB #C 1 #C ? E B D CFCFADC C
D CFC C B EA E AFC F #ABB C - ? #C
EA A C 1 #C FA A7 B AC C< D BF
BC 1A B E 7 ' #C D C A BFA8AE BF BC C
- E FC C C F < E FC C 1AA B # E C B
BE D C ECB B B BE < DC C A BFA8AE
BC C - E FC C # - 8 EA

)B E A E C< BA F CF 1 D F #AB
F #AB BC C - F #AB E FC C # A BF
B C?# # F C< EC CE B C E DC
C AFA1C BC C -
B FA1C E FC C< C?# # F C AB AE B 9
A F BEA < #A BF D CE A B C 1 <
C F B #C B A F BEA 1 AC .U A
A F BEA B # A EEACB # - F C# - 9
AC C 8 EF C C

BC B AB %6
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* B B
0 1A A B 2

Tipos de diodos

1 & B #C C A A BF FADC AC C (
• *AC C EFA8AE C
• *AC C E?CFF$-
• *AC C Z B
• *AC C 1 AE D
• *AC C AB
• *AC C FEB
• *AC C "
• ICFC AC C
M #C 1 ECBFAB EA B B 1 E AADEA B C
# EC# B (
+ B B $ ;B (
2
"C AC C E?CFF$-
B BC#
8 AEC # BJ F
A # BB ?CFF$-
A FAB B C
AC C DC F B B
F BA B # A # BF AB8 AC Q BF 2 !4M
!4 - 2 ,MT <
DCE E 1C F 9 FA B B B A EFE - BC
B 1C F 9 DC A7 C AB1

"C AC C E?CFF$- C DC #C BECBF


CBF B EA E AFC
BC B AB %5
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* B B
0 1A A B 2

F 1 CEA C B C C B 8 BF 9
F B A B DC 9 D A

Diodo Zener
3
) AC C Z B E B C DC A7 B A EF FA B
#A # E EF FAE B AC C ECB1 BEACB < D C
E B C DC A7 B AB1 D E # F BA B
Z B " F BA BZ B B F BA B DF # -
D EA - FA B D CDA # BF B F E B C
E B7

EA F D CDA C AC C Z B FA A7 B
D EA # BF B D AE EACB CB BA FA
F F BA B DF D # BF B EC#C
EC 8 BEA
CB # - DCD B C C F B A B< D C
F # A B C DC #C BECBF B EC#D
EC# C
1C F 9 C C 1C F 9 DC
C F C A# BF EA B
BF CF C

+ B B *+
4
K) C DCB B 7 B B F C EA E AFC L D AE B
F B A B DC AFA1 B AC C ")* F A #AB B
EC C F #AB C

BC B AB %3
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* B B
0 1A A B 2

)B E C C AC C ")* F #AB C B
BC C - F #AB # EC FC E FC C #
AB8C # EA B C C AC C ")* C EC# B #C 1
B F C F FC A

B B B B
?C - #C E #C 8 BEACB AC C - E #C
1
#C AE # BF B B EA E AFC BC D BF #C B
AF EACB DC #C B AC C * A C
B F 7 < DC #C FA A7 C AC C B A A BF
AF EACB
BC B AB ,2
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* B B
0 1A A B 2

9 D BAA
2
[ A7 D AE EA B # C 1A BC D 1 BA
E 7 EA D CDA 9 D EC A BF
C C B B BFA C< C AC C D B D
EFA8AE EC A BF F B D ECB11 FA B EC A BF
ECBFAB ) EA E AFC # A#D EFA8AE C
# A CB
* B AB D
3
) AC C Z B # - DCD E B C #C
D CF # BFC D B F BD FC
C E ) EA E AFC ECBFAB EA B B 9 #D C
E #C D CF B F C EA E AFC ECB
CB B AC C Z B (

)B EA E AFC 8A F B #C
C A 1 #C
F DAEC 9 #D C E #C DC #C B AC C Z B
# AB #C #C D CF C F B ACB
F B DC BEA# C , 5M< B F E C A#C
B AC C Z B ECB B F B A B 7 B , 5M

BC B AB ,
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* B B
0 1A A B 2

EC CE #C B D C ECB E A 11C F 9
8 BF E E < AC C 7 B EFE A#AF B C F BA B
C , 5M

BA @ # B
4
K BE C C # E C B B C F AC
8 F C C CBE FC E AEC F # A B B AC C L

> B C

& C C AC C(
- ?FFD(CC >A$AD A C C>A$AC*
A$AC*AC C

)B E -
F C
BC B AB ,!
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B &* B B
0 1A A B 2

EACB
MA CF FC A B E B YC F DA CB(
- =C *A DCBA

)B B F C
E B
YC F (
)B > FA B CF C D C-- EFC EACB C <
BF B(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CF
CF FC A
= FC
F FC A (
)B DA CB F B #C EC#C # F E A
AC D BC D BFC 1A F B# F -
D FAEAD B B F C 8C C A FAA B B C
ABAEA FA1 D EFC F D C- EFC C E A CF C
I E$ - B(
EC# BF AC
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#C8C
C8C C D
A-C8C C C D BC

BC B AB ,%
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
! D 5,3

* *+
- B -C BA
C # EA B C # EA B -
A > & AEC
AB C D
&C C ? #C A C DC E - ? #C 1A FC
E EC C A BF - BF (
C ")* )B F F FC A 1 #C F C
C ")* < C J. - B 9 #D C
ECB ABC D D B ECBF C C
' !B
)B F F FC A D B #C (
• ABEADAC 8 BEACB #A BFC
")*
• " B FC# ")*
• EEACB A FC D B ")*
• M BF 9 C ")* - D AE EACB
• 9 F A C ")* # A BF ABC - J.
1 A 8 A ( $B9 8 A AB

BC B AB ,, /3
DA CB FC
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

=C D AE

BC B AB ,4
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

AC B B BA B

C
AB C D

&C C ? #C A C DC E - ? #C
C 1A FC
E EC C A BF - BF ( C ")*\
")

"C DC #C BECBF B A DC AFA1C EF


E BAEC
D AB AE B F C QDC 9 #D C<< BE B A C C
D CT< 9 F < # 8C C < FE 0 EAA BF # BF <
D AEA B C ")* BEC F A BF
? B A FC # E C B D AE EAC EACB
A #AB EA B DC F 8AEA BEA B FAE

E D B 9C B
BC B AB ,/
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

+B ")* Q AB A ?F ##AFAB AC T B FADC


AC C "C AC C CB A DC C AFA1C
E EF A7 B DC 9 D EC A BF B B C C
BFA C ' B C D AE B F B A B 8AEA8AE BF B
")*< EC A BF 8 - F 1 - B
A B 8C # 8CFCB 7 " B
ECBF BA B B 8CF B 7 D CDC EEACB
8 E BEA < EA < EC C

B 7 *+
"C ")*\ # EC# B CB C C D F (

) ]BC C ECB EF B F B #C C # 1C F 9 < -


E FC C B ? - # BC " EC C A BF 8 - B
B A EEA B< BC C QDC AFA1CT E FC C
QB FA1CT

BC B AB ,6
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

E* C 9BA B B B A A
*+A
C #C BECBF ")* # E?? 8C # -
EC C A8 BF C 9 #D C< DC #C E A8AE
C ")*\ EB A # F C Q%##< 4##< 2##T<
C EB EC C

• " ( CB C # D @
@C D C
# BC A BF C 4##
## B
BC B AB ,5
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

D AB AE EA B Q BE B A C C D CT
• B ( CB C # A BF - C
# F DAEC B D A #AB
AB EA B
• 53 ( CB C # B -
# BC EC# B - D B C D
AB AE EA B A #AB EA B
) EC C #AF B C ")* D B # F A
F B ? E?C (
B CDA EF F
A CF

ABCDAEF %&

AB AEF %&

E A B AEF

F B C EF &

AB AEF &

! D AB A EF &

" E# $E D AEF D

Y F # A B E # A F BA B B E A D ? E
DABF ")* QMIT C 9 #D C<C D B
")* C9C< B E AF #C D AE B F BA B
BC B AB ,3
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

<5M< #A BF D BC 7 < B E AF
A #C
? F %</M

E=C *+ B AB
)B E BFC F # @C< E BFC # -C A # FC
")*< # -C 1A A A A F B #AA #C< D C B
E # AC F # A B D B B DCEC #
)B E BFC A C< A D B #C B D AE EA
EACB
A #AB EA B F B #C ? E BC ECB ")*\
")
BC B AB 42
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

# BC 4##< - A D B #C B D AE EACB
EAC B
")* A 1 AB AE EA B< D CDA
DA C ")*
%##

C ' B *+
" DCD A C ")* BC C C
8 BEACB A < ABC F # A B B ECB9
EC BFC
1 BF 9 F F #C B # (
T H 9C EC F
!T " 1A EFA Q^ 42 222 ?C T
%T F 8AEA BEA B FAE < B 9
#ABC A ECB # _ %J
4) & # @C EA C

B 6D C *+ A
A# C FC C< =+=' ' =)'& & 0 += ")*
= += 0) & 0 A BC ECB EF #C A FC <
EC #C A C F A ")*<
D EA # BF D AE B C FC 1C F 9
# ECB1A B EC E B C C
ECB EF #C B 8 BF F B A B(
- ) BC C FA B A ECB EFF C DC AFA1C
8 BF
- ) E FC C FA
BC B AB 4
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

- * #C ECB EF B A F BEA A BC
ECB EF #C A F BEA < F A #C
")* - ? #C D # A
EC A BF F 1 #A #C

! )B ?C9 E EF FAE N F ? F B AB D<


BC FA B D E B E 1 MD EC#C
E
A A BF (

" A B DABF B B C A B B E
CD ")*< A EA A D AE #C
")* B F B A B - B EC A BF BF C A B
BC B AB 4!
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

DABF < 8 BEACB AB D C #


C 9 #D C< DCB #C EAA A#C D AE
F B A B - EC A BF ? #C DABF C B C9C(
MR 5M
R !2 #

E=C A BA B #B
DCB #C F B #C B DAA 3M E -
EA A#C ")* CD 9C ECB
EC AEACB
BF AC [ A FC # ? 8 F " # 9C
# B ? E C A A B C - ?#(
?#

BC B AB 4%
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

MEER S0 ` M Q T
3R S2 2!S0` 5
6 !R2 2!S0
0 R 6 !C2 2! R %/2a
)B = F C E C F B #C DCB B 0 A F BEA
%/2a
A DCB #C B A FC # BC < AB
ABF B A
# BF - A DCB #C B A FC
C # -C <
ABF B A 9

BC B AB 4,
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

* A B
) A C BC D CDC EACB F # A B
#C A8AE EB EC A BF D A #C B
")* )B F ? F ")* F # A B DC #C
BECBF B E 1 EC#C F (

)B E 1 D EA #C E BFC
C # EC A BF
DCB #C < # ABF B A #ABC C F B #C

BC B AB 44
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

> B C
) BFC BC ABC(
- ?FFD(CC ABC EEC C A C)B
1A CB# BF
)B E - AC ABC(
F C
-
EACB
?FFD(CC ABC EEC C A CA
C#
MA CF FC A B E B YC F
DA CB(

)B B F C - & FC A ( ")* - J.(


E B ?FFD(CC>>> -C F EC#C> FE
YC F ( ? 1RC8 ) -0##O+
)B > FA B CF C D C- EFC
EACB C < BF B(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CF
C#CF FC A
= FC
F FC A (

BC B AB 4/
DA CB FC /3
B B AD B & * *+
0 1A A B 2

)B DA CB F B #C EC#CC#C # F
E A AC D BC D BFC
1A F B# F - D FAEAD
AEAD B B F C
8C C A FA B B C ABAEA FA1
I E$ - D EFC F D C- EFC C E A CF C
EC# BF AC B(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#C8C
EC#C C D
A-C8C C C D BC

BC B AB 46
DA CB FC /3
E F ACA A F FEAC
' (E %)A

DC7 B +* A C B
- B C BA
C # EA B C # EA B - A >
& AEC
AB C D
BF #D 7 D C # B F D F 8C # ABC
B E AF #C ECBCE BFC BC C C C *)
* Q
A B AB ABF F 1 CD# BF B1A CB#
B# BFT<
B
) BFC BC C C BC D #AF
#AFA E
B FC DC # < E C
E
A <
1A A7
FC DC
D FC
A -
F B8 A
B FC
D C #
D E ABC +BC
) *) F EC#D FC DC B AFC F BFC
D EA A E A C< B ? #A BF ECB
8 BEACB - # BE - B # B 9

BC B AB 45 /3
DA CB FC
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

)B F F FC A F BD AE #C FA A7 *)<
* ECB
A8 BF 8 BEACB < - ECB8A C D D
#D 7 ? E F D C- EFC
' !B
)B D BF F FC A 1 #C A8 BF D EFC
E F AEC
C A FC (
- E BC AB F BC *) ABC
- #C1 BC BF C BFC BC ABC(
ECBCE #C A8 BF CDEACB - ? #A BF
- A D C- EFC - 1 A8AE BC FA B B C
DC # EA B
- F B 8 A D C- EFC D E ABC +
+BC
1 A 8 A ( $B9 8 A AB
A > B E AC( '< E ABC +BC
C0 1%-'
+ H

C8F> B E AC( *) ABC< E B(


http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)

BC B AB 43
DA CB FC /3
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

AC B B BA B

C AB C D
Y F D BFC D #D 7 DC # F D E
ABC KHA BL * FC C C F FC A < D C # BF
F # A#DC F BF FC C < DC C F
BA# #C C A D C DC D C K&C C C
ECBCEA#A BFC A B F F FC A B
B E AC D C A A BF F FC A L

+ A# D
A# C FC C< 1 #C E BC
C C8F> )
*) ABC E A C A FC - 8 BEACB B
JAB C> < . E b - "AB B ) BFC BC F C B
CE AB < 1 D EE - CF C D C # E A C A FC

=C A A A#C A A BF B E (
!
- ?FFD(CC ABC EEC BC. ABC C8F>
F>

) D 8 A 1A AF D AB ABC
C B AB D
A AC# < D F F # EF A7
A
1 A B B D @C

BC B AB /2
DA CB FC /3
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

)B 8 BEA B A F # CD FA1C F B #C AB F C
%
B B FC '< EEACB 1 A B #C
E (

C 9 #D C< A F B #C JAB C> AB F C B '<


EEACB #C CDEA B FJAB C> G
D B E B8
8 A
FA B B JAB C> < K1 #C E #C AB F BC
*) BFCBE L
EEACB #C CDEA B JAB C> B F < - BC
! A B 1 BF B EC#C A A BF (

BC B AB /
DA CB FC /3
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

EEACB #C CDEA B F E?A1CG


+B 1 7 BC ? E C E?A1C<
A1C< 9 E F #C
, B E DF #C C F #ABC - ECB AEACB -
EEACB #C C EC#DCB BF AB F QC
EEACB #C FC C T< - EEACB #C F CB
AB F C Q A EFC AC DC 8 EFC F A BT

KY FA B AB F EA B EC#D F L ?C A A AF
4 EEA B F) BFC BC( HCFCB - CDEACB G D #D 7
F 9 ECB F *)
D B ,0 E B
B8

BC B AB /!
DA CB FC /3
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

'C#C - ? #C EC# BF C< CF CDEA B AB F


C8F> E B C E?A1C 7AD )B F E C< B
1 7 E C 1?A1C 1 #C A EFC AC
E
AB F C8F> < E AE #C ECB E AE E?C B
! E?A1C - #C CDEA B F)BF
)BF EF IA cG -
EEACB #C A EFC AC CB #C
# AB F
*) )B B F C E C C ? E #C B F'(G
KY FA B AB F EA B EC#D F L ?C A A AF
% EEA B F) BFC BC( HCFCB - CDEACB B GD #D 7
F 9 ECB F *)
D . $F
+B 1 7 E C 1?A1C< A# B A EC Q # T
#CBF FC# FAE # BF A FC BC CE <? 7
C E AE$ C
'CDA D AE EA B ABC B F E D F D AE EACB
! QC B E A CF C F C B CT BF C
A1 ? EA B C E AE B(
I&* + H A * A1 X 2X,X 2X4X 2X/ #D$ # - ABAEA
AF #
D C6
* ECB C < 9 E F (

d C DFAF AB F EED 1 1 D A E BDD9 1 /D9

" C E *) ABC(
BC B AB /%
DA CB FC /3
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

?FFD(CC>>> ABC EEC BC. ABC C8F>


8F> , -
EC#D A# B A EFC AC A ECB A A BF
EC# B C(

d F B187 ABCD22 3D AB B! F 7

- CF # F A EFC AC - 9 E F (

dE ABCD22 3

d C ABC

A B DC # < D B E AC AB F
FF-(

d C DFAF #C1 FF-


* BA B& %B B (B B
+B 1 7 ? #C A FC BFC BC< FCE #D 7
F 9 C< DC B #DA 7C M #C D C DC
D CE CB A8 BF EEACB FA B *)
)B BFC BC ABC ? - F EEACB
EACB E # BF
! A8 BEA (

BC B AB /,
DA CB FC /3
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

A C F D

FA F

C F C

)B D F AB8 AC BECBF #C ECB


CB C C <
D F CB 1 #C A ? #C 9 E F C EC EF # BF
B E A C C A ? D C EA C B C )B ) D F
E BF C 1 #C AFC F BFC< CB DC #C E A A
E A C C 9 E F B #AE CECBF C C
IAB # BF < B D F D AC BECBFBF #C
# ECB9 BFC
CFCB EE C DA C - ? #A BF
D #C ECBFAB EA B
% C A 9( G B A( 'CB F CFF B 1 A8AE #C
E A C ? #C E AFC BC FA B C

B B G %B A G-A 9 AA B
BC B AB /4
DA CB FC /3
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

#AE CECBF C C ( ) F CF B A 1 D F B8 A
E A C ? #C E AFC B *) D E ABC
# F # A B? E #A # 8 BEA B EC#DA

) 8 G )C !B( ' B B 1C D C-- EFC Q $ FE?T

G A A( A B D C- EFC D 1A # BF
C B # BE ECB C D C- EFC
$ FE? CC$ Q CB # E B B C DC C- EFC DC
8 EFCT

$ ! G DC A A& 'CB F CF B #C
$ FE?

$ A .B BA G.B BA 0 D C A B A &
A# AB A DC 1 B FA #DC C F E A B C
B #AE CECBF C C ) FC C ? E F CF B
# < ? #A BF DC #C BECBF
2 ECBFA B B C # BE D #C ECBFAB
CBFAB EA B

1 C & )BECBF #C CDEACB D A E?A1C


? - #C C BC CF C N $ FE?
E? CC$D<
CC C C
1A B B 9 #D C ECB *) N)9 #D C D & # A B
DC #C F E B F 8 BEA G CE A7 EA B
CB *) FA B A E C DC #
ABC # F # A B F B CDEACB
EACB

BC B AB //
DA CB FC /3
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

B D C- EFC< E CC A C

*+ - & )B F # BE F B #C C CFCB
ECDA C EC F C D C EEACB < CDEA
CDE B E
D BF C $ FE? - FACB # B

$ *- 1& * BF C # BE F B #C C CDEACB
BC D #AF B 1 A8AE A D C- EFC FA B C C BC
ECB M A8AE C 'C#DA < A#DC F A $ FE? C
#C F E D F ECBFA B $ FE?

1* . *)- $& ? - B ? #A BF
ABF BF ECB1A B ECBCE " # CB
.CBAFC A BC D #AF 1A A7 C # B 9
BF ABC - '< & 9 F < BC D #AF
EEACB F 9 F #C F B8 A
E?A1C C EEACB DC # C

H + & ) CF B - BC B # BE ECB
BC EE C A EFC D #D 7 ECB ABC
FC C B BA B A C B
+B 1 7 ? #C 1A FC A8 BF CDEACB
CDEA BC
D #AF *) ABC< FCE ECB8A
8A C D DC
#D 7 F 9 ECBFAB EA B 1 #C C D C
A D ECB8A EC EF # BF F *)(
1. 'CB8A CE A7 EA B F $ FE? CC$

BC B AB /6
DA CB FC /3
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

2. EEACB D E ECB 1 F 9
BC # # BF

! 'CB8A CE A7 EA B $ FE? CC$(

" CE A7 EA B $ FE? CC$ CB


# E B C D C- EFC - A ) A#DC
A#D F BF
C F B D BF E B C A AB F B D C- EFC
B 1C C A DC 9 #D C A # B B D C- EFC B
#A C
C 8 EFC F B '(C+ C*CE # BF
B C ABC
% EEACB D E ECB 1 F 9 BC # # BF
)B B FCE C ABC +BCD C 1 #C (
A #A BF C& 9 F C ABC +BC

* F # B < E 1 7 ABF BF #C F B8 A
B F C D C- EFC D E < *) - D E
BC B AB /5
DA CB FC /3
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

FA B AA A

A# C AB#A
#A
+B 1 7 ECB8A C *)< 1 #C A BC C
DC # 9 #D C - C E #C B D E
ABC +BC

! 'CB EF #C D E ABC +BC 0 1 % ECB + H


B FC '

% A #C DC # F ' & G D
BECBF B E?A1C C )9 #D C C 'C#
'C## BAE FACB C
' &

, +B 1 7 A FC< #C CF B FM A8AE G
D EC#D C E A C BC FA B C "
ECB C BC 1C 1 # B 9 F'C#D A EA B
& #AB G
'CB FC BC #C DC # BC FA B
BAB EB C

4 ?C D CE #C F B8 A DC # D E
ABC +BC C E AE #C CF B ' C
ECB C BC D E # B 9 F'
& #AB G # F # A B # F F # @C
CE D $ FE? )B F E C !/4, -F

BC B AB /3
DA CB FC /3
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

/ EC#D C F B 8 BEA DC # ? A C
BAFC < ?C 1 #C 1 BC B1 D E
ABC ) FC C DC #C 1 ECB CF B A
.CBAFC +B 1 7 #C #C 1 EC#C
E & ' 8AB - E C< #
#C 1 C
EC#C FC(

IH :J
HA B< ?C - FA B FC C ECBCEA#AA BFC AEC D
#DA E F 9 ECB F D E ABC +BC 0 1 %
K& BA# #C BD C FC A8 BF CDEACB
DC FA #A #CL
> B C

) BFC BC ABC(
- ?FFD(CC ABC EEC C A C)B1A C
B# BF
AC ABC(
)B E -
F C -
EACB ?FFD(CC ABC EEC C A CAC#
BC B AB 62
DA CB FC /3
DC7 B +* A C B
0 1A A B 2

MA CF FC A B E B YC F DA CB(
- ) *) ABC B(
?FFD(CC>>> -C F EC#C>
#C> FE? 1RD9AA,
)*5, 2
)B B FC
E B
YC F (

)B > FA B CF C D C- EFC
C EACB C <
BF B(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CF
CF FC A
= FC
F FC A (

)B DA CB F B #C EC#C # F E A
AC D BC D BFC 1A F B# F -
D FAEAD B B F C 8C C A FA B B C
ABAEA FA1 D EFC F D C- EFC C E A CF C
I E$ - B(
EC# BF AC
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#C8C
C8C C D
A-C8C C C D BC

BC B AB 6
DA CB FC /3
A C B B !"
0 1A A B 2

A C B B !"
- B C BA
C # EA B C # EA B - A >
& AEC
AB C D
" D E ABC +BC BD @C C B C
D B ECB EF FC C FADC A DC AFA1C D ? E
ABF EFE
ECB
BFC BC< -

DC #C
DC #
ECB
B FC
' )B
F
F FC A ? #C B D C E EF FAE D ABEAD
AB .

BC B AB 6! /3
DA CB FC
A C B B !"
0 1A A B 2

' !B
)B D BF F FC A 1 #C A8 BF D EFC
E F AEC
C A FC (
- M D ABEAD E EF FAE D E
ABC +BC 0 1%
- '
- A D C- EFC - 1 A8AE BC FA B B
C D C # EA B
- F B 8 A D C- EFC D E ABC +BC
1 A 8 A ( $B9 8 A AB
=C D AE

BC B AB 6%
DA CB FC /3
A C B B !"
0 1A A B 2

AC B B BA B

C AB C D
)B F # BC F D E ABC +BC 0 1%<
# DCD FC D E ABC M #C
E EF FAE FA B

$BCA
BCA
+B EC # ABF BF F D E
D B C E < C A BA8AE FC C C
# < EC#C C8F> CEA C<C D B
ECDA C DC E A D # 9C C ) F
E EF FAE < # C 8 EAA F
D C # < ? ? E?C D E ABC ? -
F BA C B BC # BAFC AC- B ? - # E?C
AC E B D C- EFC ABE ECB - C
B BF B F< - B CDC F CF C

B 7
C DAB D E DC #C C ECB EF C
D A8 AEC )B 8 BEA B D A8 AEC F B #C <
#C ECB EF C DAB A AF C C
DAB B AEC )B A# B ECBFAB
ECB EA B

BC B AB 6,
DA CB FC /3
A C B B !"
0 1A A B 2

FA B B # AEC F D E ABC +BC


0 1%

# C DAB B AEC - A AFA CB


!
ECB EF #C D A8 AEC < D E E D 7
A8 BF A F BA B D DC A# BF
D EA # BF C D A8 AEC ECB EF #C "
D E D C1 A F BA B 4M - % %M<
# - EC# B B # B C EF BAE
B

BC B AB 64
DA CB FC /3
A C B B !"
0 1A A B 2

* AB AB BA
) EC 7 B D E
ABC +BC 0 1 %
#AE CECBF C C )
#AE CECBF C C
CB 9 E F
DC # ? E
ABC ABF EFE ECB BFC BC * B 8C #
EC#C B F C E C

* B BA $%
" D E ABC +BC 0 1% FA B B ECB EFC + H
FADC D DC #C D C # * ? E?C<
ECB EFC + H BC EBAEC BC D #AF
DC # D E < ECB EFC ' F # A B BC C
D #AF ? E < D C 8ABAFA1 # BF CDEA
CD B #
A#D - E #C ECB D FC + H

D
)B E BFC A# BF EA B< F BA B B E A
D A# BF D E ABC 6D !M E< D C
E B C ECB EF #C + H BCC B E AF #C
BAB B 8 BF - D CDAC + H A# BF
BC B AB 6/
DA CB FC /3
A C B B !"
0 1A A B 2

D E

I 'C# AJ
?C - ECBCE D E ABC< FCE
#D 7 ? E F D A# C D C- EFC
D C

BC B AB 66
DA CB FC /3
A C B B !"
0 1A A B 2

Últimos apuntes
" - C?#(

- ?FFD(CC >A$AD A C C>A$AC" -


X X ?#
)B E -
F C
EACB
MA CF FC A B E B YC F DA CB(

- =C *A DCBA

)B B F C
E B
YC F (
)B > FA B CF C D C- EFC
FC EACB C <
BF B(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CF
EC# FC A

= FC
F FC A

BC B AB 65
DA CB FC /3
A C B B !"
0 1A A B 2

)B DA CB F B #C EC#C # F E A
AC D BC D BF
BFC 1A F
B # F - D FAEAD B B F C 8C 8 C A FA B
B C ABAEA FA1 D EFC F D C- EFC
I E$ - CE A CF C B(
EC# BF AC
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#C8C
#C8C C D
A-C8C C C D BC

BC B AB 63
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB(
B( B

:=C ? - #CEA B # ABF B D B AB1 B


BFC
1 B E EACB 8 BEACB B CG
C =A$C
&

BC B AB 52 /3
DA CB FC
#C B ( B C *+
0 1A A B 2

I #C B ( B C *+J
- B C BA
C # EA B C # EA B -
A > & AEC
AB C D
" D E ABC +BC B D @C
C B C D B ECB EF
FC C FADC A DC AFA1C D ? E
ABF EFE ECB BFC BC< -
DC #C D C # ECB B F C ' )B
F F FC A ? #C B D C
E EF FAE D ABEAD

' !B
)B D BF F FC A 1 #C A8 BF D EFC
E F AEC
C A FC (

- M D ABEAD E EF FAE D E ABC


+BC 0 1%
- A D C- EFC - 1 A8AE BC FA B B C
D C # EA B
- F B 8 A D C- EFC D E ABC +
+BC
BC B AB 5
DA CB FC /3
#C B ( B C *+
0 1A A B 2

1 A 8 A ( $B9 8 A AB
A > B E AC(

- '
- E ABC +BC 0 1 %
- ' + H
C8F> B E AC

- *) ABC< E B(
?FFD(CC ABC EEC BC. ABC C8F>

BC B AB 5!
DA CB FC /3
#C B ( B C *+
0 1A A B 2

AC B B B

Paso B 6D *+ A C B
IAB # BF < ?C ? #C B BD A# B BFC D ECB %
")*\ ( +BC 2 ## 7 < BC 4## C9C - BC
%## 1 Y ? #C 1A FC B E AF #C DCB
A FC B A E ")*< - E E #C
# 1 # BF
1 C B E AF DC E BC(
4R S2 2,S0`M QM F T
?FFD(CC AB C C >A7
0 A FC 7 R ,2 ?#
0 A FC 1 R 5! ?#
0 A FC C9C R 5! ?#

! )B 9 #D C ? #C ABE # BF A C C %
Q # BF B C ABF B A DC # AC EAE C
J.T< - C E # BF A C C %

% ) # A A BF (

BC B AB 5%
DA CB FC /3
#C B ( B C *+
0 1A A B 2

, Yc K8 BEACB L
K)B?C B L

BC B AB 5,
DA CB FC /3
#C B ( B C *+
0 1A A B 2

D #B 5& CA B ! BA B BA
BA
// www.opiron.com
'CDA - // by A.Girod @ girodanton@gmail.
.com
D // Codigo de fading de 3 LEDS roj
jo, verde y
// azul usando PWM
A A BF /// Programa inspirado en el códi
igo de Clay
E A C // Shirky
B // Salidas
int Pinverde= 9; // LED Verde conectado
c al
*) pin 9
ABC int Pinrojo = 10; // LED Rojo coonectado al
" C pin 10
int Pinazul = 11; // LED Azul conectado
c al
EC#DA pin 11
-
E F // Variables para modular ciclos PWM
BC int Valverde = 1;
int Valrojo = 1;
FA B int Valazul = 1;
C
IAB # int i = 0; // Loop counter
BF void setup()
F B 8A {
C pinMode(Pinverde,OUTPUT);
D E //Definimos los pines como salidaas
pinMode(Pinrojo, OUTPUT);
ABC pinMode(Pinazul, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
for (i = 0; i < 255; i++) { // Incremento
I
// PWM, 0 es apagado y
BC B AB 54
DA CB FC /3
#C B ( B C *+
0 1A A B 2

// 255 es encendido
e
Valverde+=1;
Valrojo+=1;
Valazul+=1;
analogWrite(Pinverde, Valverde
e);
analogWrite(Pinrojo, Valrojo);
;
analogWrite(Pinazul, Valazul);
;
delay(10); // Esperamos 10ms
}
for (i = 255; i > 0; i--) { // De
ecremento
// PWM, 0 es apagado y
// 255 es encendido
Valverde-=1;
Valrojo-=1;
Valazul-=1;
analogWrite(Pinverde, Valverde
e);
analogWrite(Pinrojo, Valrojo);
;
analogWrite(Pinazul, Valazul);
;
delay(10); // Espera
amos 10ms
}
}

BC B AB 5/
DA CB FC /3
#C B ( B C *+
0 1A A B 2

> B C

" - C?#(
- ?FFD(CC >A$AD A C C>A$AC"
>A$AC" -X X ?#
" - OA E?C88(
)B E -
- ?FFD(CC >A$AD A C C>A$AC"
>A$AC" - X XOA E
F C
??C88
EACB

MA CF FC A B E B YC F DA CB(
- & FC A ( ")* - J.(
?FFD(CC>>> -C F EC#C>
C> FE?
F 1RC8 ) -0
)B B F C ##O+
E B
YC F (

)B > FA B CF C D C- EFC EACB


E C < BF
B(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CF
CF FC A
BC D C- EFC F ABF B CB(
C
= FC
F FC A - "C 9 #D C ABC
BC ABF C B
*) BC B @ B EC#C
#C F 9 ECB B
")*(

BC B AB 56
DA CB FC /3
#C B ( B C *+
0 1A A B 2

)B DA CB F B #C EC#C # F E A
AC D BC D BFC 1A F B# F -
D FAEAD B B F C 8C C A FA B B C
ABAEA FA1 D EFC F D C- EFC C E A CF C
I E$ - B(
EC# BF AC
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#C8C C D
A-C8C C C D BC

BC B AB 55
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B & A D AB B
A C B
0 1A A B 2

A D AB B A C B
- B C BA
C # EA B C # EA B - A >
& AEC
AB C D
" D E ABC +BC B D @C
C B C D B ECB EF
FC C FADC A DC AFA1C D ? E
ABF EFE ECB BFC BC< - DC #C
DC # ECB B F C ' )B F
F FC A ? #C B D C
E EF FAE D ABEAD
' !B
)B D BF D C- EFC FA B DC C 9 FA1C
A1C BD
B AE E #C
#C F DC D BF "'* EF B BC
F #D F &. %/ C ".%%4
1A B ECB BACB - D C # EA B B E A D
1 E C D C- EFC C D E CFC C

1 A 8 A ( $B9 8 A AB
A > B E AC(
BC B AB 53 /3
DA CB FC
-C A AB AB( B & A D AB
A B A C B
0 1A A B 2

- BC F #D F &. %/
- E CFC C
- F '
- CF BEA # F C 2$a
- E
C8F> B E AC

- *) ABC< E B(
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/So
oftware

BC B AB 32 /3
DA CB FC
-C A AB AB( B & A D AB B A C B
0 1A A B 2

AC B B BA B

C * -.F"/
* F ? F DC A C 1 &.
. %/ B EA E AFC
ABF C EFE EC#C B BC F #D F
E A C A EF # BF B C ' A < A# BF
BF ! 6M - 4 4M - DC C F BFC A D C ECB
B F D E ABC
CDC EACB B A 1C F 9 A EF # BF D CDC EACB
F #D F B C ' A - # - D EA C
E AEC ".%%4 B E EF FAE CB(
D 0 B C F #D F (D,2e' FC 42e'
42e C D,2eI FC
%2!eI
D I EFC E 2 #MCe'
D EA A B W!e'
D "AB A W2 4e
D A# BF EA B( )BF ! 6 - 4 4M
* F ? F A#DC F BF C FC C E 1 MC F 1
& #D(

BC B AB 3 /3
DA CB FC
-C A AB AB( B & A D AB
A B A C B
0 1A A B 2

* 8AEC BF AC < C F B #C C 1 EF
< ? E 8 BEA B C &. %/

.B ' BA A CA
.CBF B C &. %/ C ".%4 C D E D CFC C
! 'CB EF C E BF D E ABC - B C &. %/
C ".%4(
% ) # EC#C A A BF 8A (

BC B AB 3! /3
DA CB FC
-C A AB AB( B & A D AB B A C B
0 1A A B 2

, ) # FAEC BC F B C EC#C
EC FC(

BC B AB 3% /3
DA CB FC
-C A AB AB( B & A D AB
A B A C B
0 1A A B 2

B AC C BA A CA
C A ! BA BA
. A BF D FC ' . DC ? E # AEACB
F #D F DC D FC A
! 'CDA - D E A C BECBF # 9C< B
EEA B ' A C .
% 'C#DA E A C - E F BC ? - C ECB
CF B - E F BC F B C (

BC B AB 3, /3
DA CB FC
-C A AB AB( B & A D AB B A C B
0 1A A B 2

,
& B 8A DC # D E ABC
C ECB CF B
- E F C F B A A BF # B 9 (
4
)#DA 7 # A C ECB CF B A (
/ 'CB D E EA B D DCB B # E? C E E ".%4 -
F F #D F

6 F B C #AA EC EF # BF
? EA B C 1 AC F F +B CDEA B D
DCB A
ECB AEACB C - 1 EC#C F #D F EC EF (

BC B AB 34 /3
DA CB FC
-C A AB AB( B & A D AB
A B A C B
0 1A A B 2

* 8A 1 #C 9 F B C A !4<
! BC
# EC EF # BF N BF !, 3 - !4 , D CBA# # BF D
D #B 5
/*Opiron Electronics
'CDA - Medición de temperatura con sensor TMP36 o LM3
D 5
by A.Girod
A A BF */
E A C B float temp;
*) int tempPin=0;
void setup()
ABC {
" C Serial.begin(9600);
EC#DA - }
void loop()
E F {
BC temp=analogRead(tempPin);
FA B temp=(5.0*temp*100)/1024.0;
C Serial.print(temp);
Serial.print(temp); Serial.printl
ln(" grados
IAB # BF C");
F B 8A C delay(1000);
D E }

BC B AB 3/ /3
DA CB FC
-C A AB AB( B & A D AB B A C B
0 1A A B 2

ABC

> B C

ECB F F C EACB ECB


D C- EFC B C A A BF AB$ (
- * F ? F BC F #D F
)B E - ".%4(
F C
- * F ? F D E ABC +BC
EACB
MA CF FC A B E B YC F DA CB(
- +C B BC 7 ECB ABC B
?FFD(CC>>> -C F EC#C>
C> FE?
F 1R EA>D
8,?F92
)B B F C
E B
YC F (

BC B AB 36 /3
DA CB FC
-C A AB AB( B & A D AB
A B A C B
0 1A A B 2

)B > FA B CF C D C- EFC
FC EACB C <
BF B(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CF FC A
BC D C- EFC F ABF B CB(
= FC
F FC A ( - &C C C B C "*0 0 - ABC -
DA CB B(
?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CDCC F8C ACCFC
A CD
C D D B C D D-D ABCD -DCDA
- CB
)B DA CB F B #C EC#C # F E A
AC D BC D BFC 1A F B# F -
D FAEAD B B F C 8C C A FA B B C
ABAEA FA1 D EFC F D C- EFC C E A CF C
I E$ - B(
EC# BF AC - ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#C8C C D
A-C8C C C D BC

BC B AB 35 /3
DA CB FC
-C A AB AB( B & A D AB B
A C B
0 1A A B 2

. D C0
- B C BA
C # EA B C # EA B - A >
& AEC
AB C D
" D E ABC +BC BD @C C B C
D B ECB EF FC C FADC
A DC AFA1C D ? E ABF EFE
ECB BFC BC< - DC #C
D C # ECB B F C ' )B F
F FC A ? #C B D C E EF FAE
AE D ABEAD
' !B
)B D BF F FC A 1 #C (

- & C B C "*0
- ' #C ECB EF C B D E ABC
- 8 BEACB #A BFC # A BF 9 #D C
D EFAEC DC # AC ABC

1 A 8 A ( $B9 8 A AB
A > B E AC(
BC B AB 33 /3
DA CB FC
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

- E ABC +BC
- 0 A FC $U
- 0 A FC !!2U
- B C "*0
- '

C8F> B E AC

- *) ABC< E B:
?FFD(CC ABC EEC BC. ABC C8F>
8F>

BC B AB 22
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

AC B B BA B

F B * BA +

5 ) B C "*0 FA B A A BF 8C # - D BF EA B
EF AE (

& B B E BF A A BF ECB A EACB BF


#D 7 (
- +B B C "*0 B A FC 1 1 C B
8 BEA B E BFA 7 ABEA
ABE C
' B C BC ABEA 7 C BC 1 C
A F BEA # - FC< - # A
ABE # BF 7 ABEA < 9 1 C
A F BEA )B 8A DC #C 1 C( C

BC B AB 2
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

K B E EF FAE F B C CB(
- &A #DC D F EC FC< A D D AE EACB
A B D F DA
- M B 1 C E C ABF B A 7
- CB B AEC .

" B D AE EACB B C "*0 CB(


- + C B 8CFCECDA C (* B A F B
- D AE EACB ECBF C 7 B E
- H B7 EF BAE
- ) ADC D EC C A# F AE

BC B AB 2!
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

. D C0 B BA +

5 " D A# D F D C- EFC ECB A F B ECB EF


B C "*0 D CFC C D DC #D 7 ? E
# AEACB 7 " ? #C # A BF

K M #C #CBF A A BF EA E AFC B D CFC


C C (

) EA E AFC ECB A F AE # BF B ECB B EF B A B


A F BEA 1 C $U - B B C "*0 "* 'CB EF
BF D FA B C B2 ABC C- B D F
A F BEA < F EC#C # F B 8AA < BE D
DC ? E # AEA B BC

BC B AB 2%
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

" ?C 1 #C F 9 ECB C8F> ABC<


ECDA #C - D #C E A C D F C FB
ABC D AB C E F BC B A C CB BECBF
BEC #C
# 9C B F CE # BFC

4 'C#DA #C - 1 A8AE #C E A C BC
B D BF
BAB EB C (

// www.opiron.com
// by A.Girod
// Lectura de los valores medidos por un sensor
LDR

int LDR_pin =0; // Leemos del pin 0


int LDR_val=0; // Variable para leer los
lo datos
del LDR

void setup() {
// Visualización de los valores por la consola
// Clicar en el botón Serial Monitor p
para
visualizar
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop(){
// En el loop iremos leyendo continuam
amente del
sensor LDR
LDR_val = analogRead(LDR_pin); // Lect
ctura del
valor LDR

//Impresión de los valores leídos por


r Serial
Monitor
Serial.print("LDR = ");

BC B AB 2,
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

Serial.println(LDR_val);
//Paro 1 segundo
delay(1000);
}

B )#D 7 #C # A(

BC B AB 24
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

Cuando acercamos tenemos las


s luces
encendidas, los valores se ven má ás altos,
cercanos a 30 y cuándo apagamos la luz, los
valores son bajos.

* B( # B 9C D
C0
5 ?C C ? #C BE B - D B ")* B
8 BEA B 7 F B #C B B F ? AF A EA B *
9 EAEAC BF AC < ? #C 1A FC E B C F B #C 7
? AF EA B D < C 1 C CBB E E BC 2<
#A BF E B C BE B #C 7< C 1 C
D B %2 'CB FC 1 C DC #C C B
ECB AEA B D DC # BAD B ")*

K M #C #CBF A A BF EA E AFC B D CFC


C C <
A FC ECB EF #C B A ")* !!2U(

BC B AB 2/
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

" D ABEAD A8 BEA ECB # BF AC


? #C @ A C B ")* ECB B A F BEA EECB EF C
DAB % ABC

3 +B 1A F # EA E AFC(

BC B AB 26
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

?C 1 #C C8F> ABC - EECDA #C -


4
D #C E A C BECBF A B EEA
EE B F
CE # BFC( FB F B B F
A A

'C#D C #C < BE B A B C 7 B F
B
? AF EA B< ")* D < - A D #C 7
? AF EA B< ")* BEA B

& # A B 1 #C FA #DC D F B BC
"*0 # - EC FC< DC C DC #C C B

BC B AB 25
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

D AE EACB A B B FA #DC D F
EC FC

D #B 5& CA B ! BA B BA
BA

BC B AB 23
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

// www.opiron.com
'CDA - // by A.Girod
D // Lectura de los valores medido
os por un
// sensor LDR
A A BF int LDR_pin = 0; // Leeremos del
d pin 0
E A C B
*) int LDR_val = 0; // Variable pa
ara leer
// los datos del LDR
ABC
" C void setup() {
EC#DA - // Visualización de los valores
s por la
// consola, hay que cilcar en ell botón
E F // Serial Monitor
BC Serial.begin(9600);
FA B }
C void loop(){
// En el loop iremos leyendo conntinuamen
IAB # BF // te del sensor LDR
F B 8A C LDR_val = analogRead(LDR_pin);
; //
D E read input LDR value
ABC //Impresión de los valores leído
os por el
// sensor por pantalla
Serial.print("LDR = ");
Serial.println(LDR_val);
// Paro 1 segundo
delay(1000);
}

BC B AB 2
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

D #B K& * B ( # B
9C D C0
// www.opiron.com
Copia y // by A.Girod
pega el // Lectura de los valores medid
idos por un
siguiente // sensor LDR
código en int LED_pin=13; // El
l LED está
el IDE de // en el pin 13
Arduino. int LDR_pin = 0; // Lee
eeremos del
Luego // pin 0
compila y int LDR_val = 0; // Var
ariable
asegúrate // para leer los datos del LDR
que no
tiene void setup() {
errores. pinMode(LED_pin,OUTPUT); // El LED
Finalmente // está en el pin 13
transfiérel }
o a la void loop(){
placa // En el loop iremos leyendo
o
Arduino. // continuamente del sensor LDR
DR
LDR_val = analogRead(LDR_pin)
n);
// read input LDR value
if (LDR_val>=2
// Si hay luz, apago el led
{
digitalWrite(LED_pin, LOW);
;
// Apagamos el LED
}
else if (LDR_val<20)
// Si no hay luz, enciendo el led
l
{
digitalWrite(LED_pin, HIGH);
);
// Encendemos el LED

BC B AB
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

}
}

> B C

& C C 8 BEACB #A BFC


FC BC
8CFC EF AEC(
- ?FFD(CC >A$AD A C C>A$ACIC
A$ACICFC AF B
EA
)B E -
F C
EACB
MA CF FC A B E B YC F DA CB(
- +C B BC 7 ECB
EC ABC(
?FFD(CC>>> -C F EC#C>
C> FE?
FE 1R EA>D
8,?F92
)B B FC
E B
YC F (
)B > FA B CF C D C- EFC
FC EACB C <
BF B(
- >>> CDA CB EC#CF FC A

= FC
BC B AB !
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

F FC A (

)B DA CB F B #C EC#C # F E A
AC D BC D BFC 1A F B# F -
D FAEAD B B F C 8C C A FA B B C
ABAEA FA1 D EFC F D C- EFC
CCE A CF C
I E$ - B(
EC# BF AC - ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#C8C
8C C D
A-C8C C C D BC

BC B AB %
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B & FA AB B B C C00 A
0 1A A B 2

FA AB B B C C00 A

- B C BA
C # EA B C # EA B - A >
& AEC

AB C D
" D E ABC +BC B
D @C C B C
D B ECB EF FC C
FADC A DC AFA1C D
? E ABF EFE ECB
BFC BC< - DC #C
D C # ECB B F C '
)B F F FC A ? #C B
D C E EF FAE
D ABEAD

' !B
M 8 BEACB #A BFC AEC B 77 < D B
#CBF C C B D CFC C - ABC * C -

BC B AB ,
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

1 A8AE B E A C C ABC D #C F
8 BEACB #A BFC

1 A 8 A ( $B9 8 A AB
A > B E AC(

- H 77
- E
- '
- 0 A FC 22 ?#

C8F> B E AC

- *) ABC< E B(
?FFD(CC ABC EEC BC. ABC C8F>

BC B AB 4
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

AC B B BA B

F B AB C D &* C00 A B 0C BA

5 ) 7 # C N 77 C DA 7C D $ B AB D< B
# BFC E D 7 F B 8C # EF AEA B
CBA C

K ) EC 7 B C 77 DA 7C EF AEC
EC B A#D
A EC DA 7C< ECB A F B D E E #AE ECB
B E D # F AE A A EC ECBF
BF C C DC B
EA E AFC C EA BF BF BC ? B F B EFC
DA 7C EF AEC A EA E AFC C EA C F ABE A C B
E E < BC#AB 7 # C DA 7C
C EF AEC

B
BC B AB /
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

5 "C B C CBA C DAA 7C EF AEC CB


A DC AFA1C DFC D A @C # - ECBF C
EE FAEC F E?C B C 8 E BEA < DC 9 #D C
B D FC C# FAEC - # AEAB

.B '
A# C 1 #C 8A9 BC B 77 < EC#C 1 A
FA B C E < B C - C9C< ECB EF #C (
- ) B C =* D E ABC
- ) C9C BF B A F BEA 22 ?#
- B A A AF ABC
AB
) A#DC F BF EC D BEA C C
EC C C E 1 B C DAD 7C FA B B
DC A < - C E AB AE B D EA # BF EC#C
ECB EF B F C A DC AFA1C D E

! A 7 A A BF #CBF 9 (

BC B AB 6
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

% 9C ECB C DAB A < C C DC #C C


DAB J.

, ) # FAEC(

BC B AB 5
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

FAB#A D A C B
)B 8 BEA B F D E C DAB B DAB
A < E F ECB EF C 77 (
void setup()
{
pinMode(11, OUTPUT); // El pin 11 es
e donde
// tenemos conectado el Buzzer
}

BC B AB 3
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

! * C C B 8 BEA B #C CB < B
? 77 FFC G ! FCBC A8 BF < D B C
BF E BC C 422# (
void sonar (){
analogWrite(buzzer,20); //emite 1 sonido
delay(500); //espera medio segun
ndo
analogWrite(buzzer,120); //emite
e otro
// sonido
delay(500); //espera medio segun
ndo
}

% CB C 8 BEA B CB B CCD(
void loop()
{
sonar(); // con este ejemplo hacemoss que el
// buzzer vaya tocando tonos de difer
rentes
// frecuencias alternativamente
}

, ) E A C EC#D FC F B EEA B E A C

9C D B A C B
" 8 BEA B FCB QT ABC B CB J.
B 8 E BEA ECB B EAE C F 9C 42V
D1 # C J. B B E D .
" ABF BA 8 BEA B (
- FCB QDAB< 8 E BEA T
- FCB QDAB< 8 E BEA < EA BT

BC B AB !2
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

) F 8 BEA B BC # BF 1 AC
C D B !
D # FC BCF #E AE ( 8 E BEA
B QFCBC C
F B #E AE T - EA B

! A #C B D C # EA B ECB CF C E A C C
ABC D 1 E #C 8 BEACB (
A# C FC C E #C 1 A DAB<
8 E BEA - EA B(
int pin=11;
int frecuencia=250;
int duracion= 1000;
) EA < FCE #C B BCF !42A7 BF B
B C Q 222# T

% " DCB #C BF C 8 BEA B F D< D


9 E F E B C B #C DC # (
void setup() {
tone(pin, frecuencia, duracion)
);
}

, )B 8 BEA B CCD BC DCB #C B (


void loop() {
// Nada
}

4 ) E A C EC#D FC F B EEA B E A C!

BC B AB !
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

D #B 5
/// www.opiron.com
'CDA - D // by A.Girod
A A BF // Haciendo "cantar" a un buzzerr
void setup()
E A C B {
*) pinMode(11, OUTPUT); // El
E pin 11
ABC es donde tenemos conectado el Buuzzer
}
" C void loop()
EC#DA - {
E F sonar(); // con
c este
ejemplo hacemos que el buzzer vaaya
BC FA B tocando
C / tonos
//
IAB # BF de diferentes frecuencias
F B 8A C alternativamente
}
D E void sonar (){
ABC analogWrite(11,20); //emite
e 1
sonido
delay(500); //espera medio segundo
analogWrite(11,120); //emit
te otro
sonido
delay(500); //espera medio segundo
}

BC B AB !!
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

D #B K
// www.opiron.com
'CDA - D // by A.Girod
A A BF E A C // Haciendo "cantar" a un buuzzer 2
int pin=11;
B *) int frecuencia=250;
ABC " C int duracion= 1000;
EC#DA - void setup() {
tone(pin, frecuencia, duracion);
d
E F }
BC FA B void loop() {
C // Nada
}
IAB # BF
F B 8A C
D E ABC
> B C

ECB F F C EACB
EAC ECB
D C- EFC B C A A BF AB$ (
- A 7C EF AEA (
?FFD(CC >A$AD A C C>A$AC
C>A A 7C
)B E - F C EF AEA
EACB
- J.< #C EA B DC BE?
D C(
?FFD(CC >A$AD A C C>A$AC.C
C>A
EAV'%VH%BXDC X BE?CX
E?CX XD C

BC B AB !%
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. D C0
B A C B
0 1A A B 2

MA CF FC A B E B YC F
DA CB(

)B B FC
E B
YC F (
)B > FA B CF C D C- EFC
EACB C < BF B(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CF
#CF FC A
= FC
F FC A (

)B DA CB F B #C EC#C C # F
E A AC D BC
C D BFC
1A F B # F - D FAEAD B B F C 8C C A
FA B B C ABAEA FA1 D EFC F
I E$ - D C- EFC C E A CF C B(
EC# BF AC - ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#C8C
#C8C C D
A-C8C C C D BC

BC B AB !,
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # A$C
A$ F A% C
FEAC
' (E %)A

D D A A7 A C B
- B C BA
C # EA B C # EA B - A > & AEC
AB C D
" A CB # - EFA DC CB E D E
A#D A8AE E A C - EC#D FA C D 8 F C D CC- EFC A -
# E? A B < B AFAC EC#C
EC# ABC
- C B < CC EC - AF? BF CF C )B F
F FC A D B #C AB F D # BF
8 BEACB A B F C *) - ? E C EC#D
EC# FA ECB
# E?C # A DC AFA1C
' !B
)B F F FC A D B #C (
- BF A ABC
- 'CBCE #C BC AFAC B BECBF
A D ABC

1 A 8 A ( $B9 8 A AB
A > B E AC(

BC B AB !4
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &D D A A7
A C B
0 1A A B 2

- *) ABC AB F C B '
- E ABC QCDEACB < D C EC#
# B T

C8F> B E AC

- *) ABC< E B(
?FFD(CC ABC EEC BC. ABC C8F>
8F>

BC B AB !/
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &D D A A7
A C B
0 1A A B 2

AC B B BA B

C AB C D
B E B C AB F #C *) ABC F 1
ABF B A < # - DC A ECB
FA #DC C B E AC AB F B B 1 A A -
D A8 AEC DC A ECB EF ABC B C
B E AF A AB F C B A

E+D C B B A A A A7
Podéis encontrar librerías rela
acionadas con
Arduino en la descripción de productos de
Opiron, pero también en Arduinno Playground,
BC B AB !6
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &D D A A7
A C B
0 1A A B 2

google code y github entre otros.

F B A !B
BF E E A A < F B E B
A EFC AC CB # E B A FF'CBF A F G
) F A EFC AC F B F B F $ FE?8C
FE?

! M F C $ FE?8C CB ABC
AB # E B
1 F C $ FE? * D B A B C A F # CD FA1C
A # E B B(
- "AB B( C?C# C_ B # ^
- . EABFC ?( * BF C E D F F*CE
F* # BF G
B E D F F ABCG
- JAB C> ( * BF C E D F F*CE
F* # BF G
B E D F F ABCG

% * BF C *) ABC< A IA D^
^ 8 BE -
$ FE? CC$ CE FACB(

BC B AB !5
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &D D A A7
A C B
0 1A A B 2

, M F $ FE?8C - E B E D F #
F"A A G

4 )B B 1 E D F E # E B ##C A
#C @ A 1 F C *) ABC B
C DC #C ? E F # A B BF C E D F A A <
B F B # E B A F F B G

E D B AC A A7 A C B
) *) ABC C E B 1 A E B C
BE < DC C D A# C FC C<< EA *)

BC B AB !3
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &D D A A7
A C B
0 1A A B 2

! )B F 9 #D C BC AB F #C A BC
F CBA C A'D 02,

% M #C B E (
- ?FFD(CCD - C B ABC EECC'C
'C C 02,
)B B E 1 #C BC F A EC#C
?A FC A < E ADEA B< - B 1 BD AEE EA B C
M #C EEA B B DCB FAC>
AC> FC A#DC F C
BF G- #C B E BC A D AB
# A 8A < B DC #C E E?A1C(
- ?FFD(CC>>> # A 8A EC#C B$$ - , BA/$

, A#C E?A1C 7AD - C EC#D A#A#


A#A#C CB
F B #C A

E+D A A A7
" A B ABC AB F B CB ? - #C
AB F C B F C *) ABC< DC 9 #D C< A C
AB F #C B '( BC B A A BF D F?(

! M #C A EFC AC CB F B #C A
AB F - EC#D C #C ? BF C
EC EF # BF E?A1C

BC B AB %2
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &D D A A7
A C B
0 1A A B 2

" E D F BC ? C F+
+ F G<
G - Fb G
- F BF AC # BF

% BAEA #C *) ABC

, A#C 9 #D C ECBFA B A (

4 'C#D C #C EC#DA

BC B AB %
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &D D A A7
A C B
0 1A A B 2

/ M A8AE B C F D C< - #C B F A

BC B AB %!
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &D D A A7
A C B
0 1A A B 2

? AB F C EC EF # BF BB F C *) ABC

#C B AB
BC D C # EC# B CB D
EC#DA EA B BECBF #C (
- FBBBBG C BCF B # F-D ( ) F C D
A C (
D "A BC AB F Q1 T
!D "A # BC#
3- =C ? E C *)
) QEA
QE *) -
1 1 ABAEA CT
Últimos apuntes

ECB F F C EACB
E ECB
D C- EFC B C A A BF AB$ (

)B E -
F C
EACB
Videotutorial en el canal de
d Youtube de
Opiron:
. Crea tus propias librería
as de Arduino:
?FFD(CC>>> -C F EC#C> FE? 1RE70
1 291 C$
BC B AB %%
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &D D A A7
A C B
0 1A A B 2

)B B F C
E B
YC F (
)B > FA B CF C D C- EFC EACB C <
BF B(
- >>> CDA CB EC#CF FC A
= FC BC D C- EFC F ABF B CB(
C
F FC A :
- &C C C &C E? ' B(
?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CDC
CDC F8C
F ACCFC CD
C DFC E?C ED-D ABCD -DDCDA CB

)B DA CB F B #C EC#C # F E A
AC D BC D BFC 1A F B# F -
D FAEAD B B F C 8C C A FA B B C
ABAEA FA1 D EFC F D C- EFC
FC C E A CF C
I E$ - B(
EC# BF AC
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#C8C
C8C C D
A-C8C C C D BC

BC B AB %,
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. 'B C +
0 1A A B 2

. 'B C +
- B C BA
C # EA B C # EA B - A > & AEC
AB C D
" "'*\ B B EF BAE ECB
B 8 E BEA D
1A A7 FC D CE C #C # B 9
' !B
) F FC A FA B EC#C C 9 FA1C BD AE EAA B EC EF
FA A7 EA B
B "'*
EF BAE
D
ECB
ABC )B
F FC A
ABE - B
ECB BACB < EC#DCB BF - D C # EA B B E A D
C.

1 A 8 A ( $B9 8 A AB
A > B E AC(
BC B AB %4
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. 'B C +
0 1A A B 2

- CF BEA # F C 2$a
- "'* *. /2!O
- E CFC C
- ' ECB BA B
- E ABC
- E
- ' + H
C8F> B E AC

- *) ABC< E B(
?FFD(CC ABC EEC BC. ABC C8F>
8F>

BC B AB %/
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. 'B
' C +
0 1A A B 2

AC B B BA B

F B B A B B A +

5 & B B E BF A A BF ECB A EACB "'*(


- /B! E EF
- A# BF EA B % %M
- 'C#D FA ECB A A*,,65
,,652
=CF #C #C C EC#
# BAE EA B , AF
D ?C BC DAB - E < - DC C F BFC A#D A8AE
#CBF 9 ) #C C , AF C AF *H
*H6 *H, D
A7 EC# BAE EA B N HAF # -C D CD

.B ' + B A F FAB
F B%B A
)B A A BF 8CFC F B #C # FAEC E #C
FA B B F C D C- EFC(

BC B AB %6
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. 'B C +
0 1A A B 2

! * BF BC DC #C ECB EF A EF # BF "'*
D E CFC C - BC FA B ECB BACB
BA # E?C
D C C C F BFC< BF B EC CE
C FA
DAB B "'* DAB ECB BAA B D DC
ECB EF D E CFC C

, 0 A7 ECB BACB F - EC#C # F B D C


! D CE A#A BFC ) DABC F EC#C
C A (
Arduino LCD

2 Enable

3 Data Bit 0 (DB0)

4 Data Bit 1 (DB1)

5 Data Bit 2 (DB2)

BC B AB %5
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. 'B
' C +
0 1A A B 2

6 Data Bi
it 3 (DB3)

7 Data Bi
it 4 (DB4)

8 Data Bi
it 5 (DB5)

9 Data Bi
it 6 (DB6)

10 Data Bi
it 7 (DB7)

11 Read/Wr
rite (RW)

12 Registe
er Select(RS)

4 +B 1 7 1 A8AE C #CBF 9 < ECB EF D E ABC


+BC ' - D ABAEA AE

FAB#A D A C B
BAEA A7 *) ABC
M IA C )B #D C "A A ' - F CA C JC
!
BF EC#DA < E C E A C AB F EEA B(
%
LiquidCrystal lcd(RS, Enable, D4,
, D5, D6, D7)

) F AB F EEA B D EA # BF A#DC
DC F BF DC B
D E 8AE B C DAB CB ECB
EC EF "'*<
D B F C 9 #D C DC 9 #D C(

BC B AB %3
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. 'B C +
0 1A A B 2

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 10, 9,


, 8, 7);

-A 9 A AB#A A C B
+B 1 7 ? E? EC#D C EACB B < EC#DA
DC # - E F BC FA B BAB EB C

! IAB # BF < F B 8A DC # ABC

% A FC C ? A C A B< # B 9 FA C< JC G
D E B "'*

C 9 & 'C B A ,
AC1 A E AFC < F B B E BFF ECBF F
D BF ECBF C # A BF DAB% "'*
ECB EF C B DCF BEA # F C 2$a

9E F C # A BF B FC BA C ? F 1A AE
BC B AB ,2
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. 'B
' C +
0 1A A B 2

C E EF EC EF # BF

E CF
C A$

Código
/*
'CDA - LiquidCrystal Library - Hello World
W
D
A A BF Demonstrates the use a 16x2 LCD display. Th
e LiquidCrystal
E A C library works with all LCD displ
lays that are
B compatible with the
*) Hitachi HD44780 driver. There ar
re many of th
ABC em out there, and you
can usually tell them by the 16-
-
" C pin interface.
EC#DA
- This sketch prints "Hello World!
!" to the LCD
and shows the time.
E F
BC The circuit:
FA B * LCD RS pin to digital pin 12
* LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11
C * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 5
IAB # * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 4
BF * LCD D6 pin to digital pin 3

BC B AB ,
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. 'B C +
0 1A A B 2

F B 8A * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 2


* LCD R/W pin to ground
C * 10K resistor:
D E * ends to +5V and ground
ABC * wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)
)F
Library originally added 18 Apr 20
008
E A C by David A. Mellis
C library modified 5 Jul 2009
D by Limor Fried (http://www.ladyada
a.net)
example added 9 Jul 2009
BECBF by Tom Igoe
BF C modified 22 Nov 2010
C by Tom Igoe
9 #D C This example code is in the public
c domain.
*)
http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/
/LiquidCrys
ABC tal
*/

// include the library code:


#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

// initialize the library with the numbers of


// the interface pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

void setup() {
// set up the LCD's number of col
lumns and
// rows:
lcd.begin(16, 2);
// Print a message to the LCD.
lcd.print("hello, world!");
}

BC B AB ,!
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. 'B
' C +
0 1A A B 2

void loop() {
// set the cursor to column 0, line 1
// (note: line 1 is the second row, since
counting begins with 0):
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
// print the number of seconds since reset:
lcd.print(millis()/1000);
}
> B C

ECB F F C EACB
EAC ECB
D C- EFC B C A A BF AB$ (
- & EBC C "'*(
)B E - ?FFD(CC >A$AD A C C>A$AC BF X XE
F C A F X V'%V * A C
EACB - & EBC C MI*(
?FFD(CC B >A$AD A C C>A$ACM
C>A$AC E #X8 C
E BFX A D -
- "AB$ A "- A ' - F "
"'*(
?FFD(CC ABC EEC C0 8 B
BE C"A A ' -
F

BC B AB ,%
DA CB FC /3
-C A AB AB( B &. 'B C +
0 1A A B 2

MA CF FC A B E B YC F DA CB(

D MA CF FC A C "'*\\ DA CB(
?FFD(CC>>> -C F EC#C> FE? 1RD
F)9AJ6 P-.
)B B FC
E B
YC F (
)B > FA B CF C D C- EFC EACB C <
BF B(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CFF FC A
= FC
F FC A
)BDA CB F B #C EC#C # F E A
AC D BC D BFC 1A F B# F -
D FAEAD B B F C 8C C A FA B B C
ABAEA FA1 D EFC F D C- EFC
CCE A CF C
I E$ - B(
EC# BF AC - ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#C8C8C C D
A-C8C C C D BC

BC B AB ,,
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

+ AC B B C BA
C A B B
- B C BA
C # EA B C # EA B - A >
& AEC
AB C D
"C F CBA C F B DC FC
D F ( "C
BECBF #C B
B F 7 B
8AB -
# EA C< B
C8A FAE C
C CF ABF C
B D E?C < B
D AE EACB # AE D ? E
A B FAEC A# B < FE )B F
F FC A 1 #C E #C 8 BEACB B C
BC F CBA C < E EF FAE
FA B B - E #C D C # C ECB ABC

BC B AB ,4
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

)B F F FC A F BD AE #C FA A7 B C A'D
02,< # - DCD B #CBF 9 ECB ABC -
# BF 8 EA FA A7

' !B
)B D BF F FC A 1 #C A8 BF D EFC F AEC
C A FC (
- ' EF FAE C F CBA C
- ) 8 BEACB #A BFC BC F CBA C
A'D 02,
- C # B BC F CBA
BA C A'D
02,
- 'CB F A B A F # F EEAA B ABF C
ECB #

1 A 8 A ( $B9 8 A AB
A > B E AC(

- E ABC +BC
- BC F CBA C A'D 02,
- ' D CFCFAD C
- ' + HD ABC
BC B AB ,/
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

- E D CFC C
- " 0C9C
- " M
- ! 0 A FC !22 ?#
- H 77
C8F> B E AC(

- *) ABC< E B(
?FFD(CC ABC EEC BC. ABC C8F>
F>

BC B AB ,6
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

AC B B B

C AB C D & B C A B B
"C F CBA C F B DC FC D F ( "C
BECBF #C B B F 7 B 8AB - # EA C<
B C8A FAE C C CF ABF C B D E?C
E < B
D AE EACB # AE D ? E A B FAEC
A# B < FE )B F F FC A 1 #C E #C 8 BEACB B
C BC F CBA C < E EFF FAE
FA FA B B -
E #C D C # C ECB ABC
AB C D & E D B 9C
C B
"C F CBA C CB @ EE FAE E - 8 E BEA
N !2 ,22 OA72 F B DC BEA# B C
8 E BEA BA C C ? # BC
"C BC F CBA C CB E D E # A
A F BEA F B D EFC B C 9 FC DC # AC
B AF # # AEA B EC "C BC
F CBA C F B 8C # C DC B F B EFC
#AF B D C EC FC B F BAE ' B C
D C 8 9 C DC B C 9 FC< B C E DF EC
D C EA C DC # AC B E DFC < - # A BF B
AF # F F #A BFC @ <E E A F BEA

BC B AB ,5
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

F AE?C C 9 FC " 8 # D E E
A F BEA B BC F CBA C (

L 5GK !M

* B A F BEA < 1 1 CEA -F FA #DC


AB C D & B (! '
* A C E EF FAE < DC #C BECBF
BC F CBA C B D AE EACB EC#C(
EC#
• . AEA B BA1 N B F B ECBFA B B
A8 BF D C EFC B 8C # A D
• 'CBF C EC A ACB B A F # D E #A BFC
• 'CBF C DC AEA B B E #DC EC#
EC#C C FAE <
AB F A D FAEC< FE
• 'CBF C B C F B
" D ABEAD 1 BF 9 FC B C CB(
CB
• =C B E AF B ECBF EFC 8 AEC D DC F EF
C 9 FC
• H B EA B E A DD EAC
• )B EC#D EA B ECB CF F EBC C < C
A DC AFA1C C B F CBA C CB EC#D EFC
- A1A BC
* 1 2$ 34
BC B AB ,3
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

" A# B A7 A BC F CBA C
A'D 02,
) B BC
D @
A# B ACB (
,4B!2B 4##
* A7 A
E? EB
A 9C BC

A7 A &A B ,
DAB (
• A# BF EA
B 4M
• C BF &A
• C A )E?C
• =*

'CB B C A'D 02, DC #C C


D AE EACB E E A F BEA D EFC
C C 9 FC < EC#C
DC 9 #D C B C CF # 1A C B AF #
F EEA B ABF C
! # A A F BEA ECB A'D 02,, ? - B
B D C B DAB & A B BE?C C FA #DC
# 2f
EC#C # BA#C #A #C FA #DC ? - #CBAFC
#C A7

BC B AB 42
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

@ DAB )E?C " A F BEA E E DC


BC EC DCB 8C # (

EC#C < B D F D C # EA B F
F FC A 1 #C E #C 8 BEACB ECB CB # F <
D C # B C FAB 9C BA1 - D ? EA B C
C A + F CBAE

B (! '
* A C E EF FAE < DC #C BECBF
BC F CBA C B D AE EACB EC#C(
EC#
- . AEA B BA1 N B F B ECBFA B B
A8 BF D C EFC B 8C # A D
- 'CBF C EC A ACB B AF #
D E #A BFC
- 'CBF C DC AEA B B E #DC EC#
EC#C C FAE <

BC B AB 4
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

AB FA D FAEC< FE
- 'CBF C B C F B
- " D ABEAD 1 BF 9 FC BC CB(
- =C B E AF B ECBF EFC 8 AEC D DC F EF
C 9 FC
- H B EA B E A DD EAC
- )B EC#D EA B ECB CF F EBC C < C
A DC AFA1C C B F CBA
CB C CB
EC#D EFC - A1A BC

FAB#A D
*A1A A#C EEA B D C # EA B F FC A B
F EEACB A8 BEA ( )B D A# D F BC
? #C C BAB B A AD
DCBA
B F C B C )B FC< D C # #C B
E A C D DC # A A F BEA FA A7 B C
AB F EEACB AE C BC B E AC
BF B # 9C 8 BEACB #A BFC B C - DC C
F BFC # A 1 BE #C ECB E A C A #C
BD AE B C ECB AEACB F B #C B E BF B
)B B D F @ A #C BCC # BFC D
DC A# EC#DC F #A BFC B AF #
F EEA B C F E C
)B F E D F FA A7 #C A F B A
BC B AB 4!
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

A DCBA B EEA B F C8F> B E ACG F


F FC A < B D CD AFC E A C 1
8 BEACB FA B - E #C
FAB#A D & AC B :
"C D A# C ? #C E - 8ABA
8AB C DAB
ABC #C D ECB EF C B C )B
B FCE C #C C DAB ! - % ) DAB !
ABC A ECB EF C DAB & A B C - DAB %
ABC DAB )E?C B C A #C A C FC
DAB DC CB C 9 #D C ECBF
ECB BA C B
A - F # A B DC CB C # B B C
9 #D C A DCBA B BF B F ) #
EC#C A ( A (

BC B AB 4%
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

FAB#A D & FAB#A D C


BA A B
)B B D F F FC A EC#D AE #C# B DCEC
EC< - A7 #C B EC#D D FC A F #
# B 8 BEA B A F BEA < DC
D 9 #D C
DC EC#C B B C D E #
#A BFC C
C F E C B B 1 ?E C C @ A#C !
EC#DCB BF AF # ( ")* Q!TT - 77 )
# EC#C A# B(

' B C B C 9 FC E B A F BEA
ECB A #C D A C ? #C CB B 77 -
BE B #C B ")* C9C< E B C BC
C? - C F E C
E E BE B #C B ")* 1 ) A F # DC C
F BFC FA B F BFC AB AE C 1A EC#C
C#C EE FAEC

BC B AB 4,
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

'C#C BF < 8ABA#C D A# C DAB ABC


FA A7 #C - E #C C ECB EF #C ECB CB C A8 BF
A DC AFA1C 0 D EFC D A# D F @ B C
" C9C - 1 < ECB EF #C B C DAB
ABC / - 4 D EFA1 # BF < - B 77
ECB EF #C ECB DAB ,
FAB#A D & B A A7
A B
IAB # BF < B F E FA# D F F FC A BC
D CDCB #C ? E C A + F CBAE )
D CD AFC ? E BCF E BFC DC #C AA#D A8AE
E A C ECB C F A < 1 8 BEACB -
E #C # AB8C # EA B C E #C AB F
A < ECB F F FC A C FA B A
B ABC
" A ABE - % 8 BEACB D AC(
AC
!
A B N -F? *FO(
*FO 'CB F
8 BEA B F B #C A C DAB
& A D& D - )E?C D) D<
! B #- #NO( " 8 BEAA B BC 1 1
EA B FA #DC )EC
) 'CB
1 F F 8 BEA B C DC #C
E D E E E A F BEA
# A BF 8 # (
BC B AB 44
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

d = (duración del pulso)*(340m/s)/2


s)/2

% CB 0 B AB QABF - T( 'CB F 8 BEAA B BC DC #C


?C B A E E A F BEAA ECB 8 #
BF AC < - ? E #A # CD EA B 8C #
ABF B
IAB # BF < C 9 #C B E A C B 1 A
C F 8 BEACB D AE C AF # ? #C
C C B D F C C # EA B F
F FC A (

BC B AB 4/
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

D #B 5& CA B ! BA B BA
BA
/*Opiron Electronics by A.Girod
A
'CDA - Programación de un sensor
r de ultrason
D idos HC-SR04
by Anton Girod (girodanto
on@gmail.com)
A A BF bajo licencia Creative Co
ommons Attrib
E A C B ution-ShareAlike 3.0*/
*)
int Pin_echo = 13;
ABC int Pin_trig = 12;
" C
EC#DA - void setup() {
Serial.begin (9600);
E F pinMode(Pin_trig, OUTPUUT);
BC FA B pinMode(Pin_echo, INPUTT);
C }
IAB # BF void loop() {
int pulso, cm;
F B 8A C digitalWrite(Pin_trig, LOW);
D E delayMicroseconds(2);
ABC digitalWrite(Pin_trig, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(Pin_trig, LOW);
pulso = pulseIn(Pin_echho, HIGH);
//Medición del ancho de
/ pulso
//
recibido en el pin Echo
cm = pulso / 29 / 2; ///
Convertimos ese pulso en una
/ distancia
//
y a cm

BC B AB 46
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

Serial.print("Distancia:"
");
//Imprimimos todo por el pu
uerto
//
Serial
Serial.print(cm);
Serial.println(" cm");
delay(500);
}
D #B K& CA B ! BA B BA
BA
/*Opiron Electronics by A.G
.Girod
'CDA - D Programación de un sensor de aparcami
A A BF ento con alarma visual y acústica
ac
by Anton Girod (girodanton@
n@gmail.com)
E A C B bajo licencia Creative Comm
mmons Attrib
*) ution-ShareAlike 3.0*/
ABC
int Pin_echo = 13;
" C int Pin_trig = 12;
EC#DA - int Pinrojo=6;
E F int Pinverde=5;
int buzzer=4;
BC FA B
C void setup() {
IAB # BF Serial.begin (9600);
F B 8A C pinMode(Pinverde,OUTPUT);
); //
Definimos los pines
D E pinMode(Pinrojo, OUTPUT);
);
ABC pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);
pinMode(Pin_trig, OUTPUTT);
pinMode(Pin_echo, INPUT);
);
}

BC B AB 45
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

void loop() {
int duracion, cm;
digitalWrite(Pin_trig,, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(Pin_trig,, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);;
digitalWrite(Pin_trig,, LOW);
duracion = pulseIn(Pin_
n_echo, HIGH);
cm = duracion / 29 / 2;
Serial.print("Distancia
ia:");
Serial.print(cm);
Serial.println(" cm");
if (cm>20) // 20
cm es la distancia de ememergencia
{
digitalWrite(Pinverde
de, HIGH); //
En caso que un objeto eststé lejos,
// pintamos el LED verde
digitalWrite(Pinrojo,
o, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer,, LOW);
}
else if (cm<20)
{
digitalWrite(Pinverde,
e, LOW); //
Si el objeto está muy cererca,
// hacemos
sonar la alarma buzzer y el LED rojo
digitalWrite(Pinrojo, HIGH);
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
H
}
delay(500);
}

BC B AB 43
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

D #B "& CA B ! BA B BA
BA

BC B AB /2
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

/*Opiron Electronics by A.Girod


od
'CDA - Programación de un sensor de aparcamient
ap
D o con alarma visual y acústica
A A BF Mediante la libreria Ultrasonic
ic
by Anton Girod (girodanton@gmai
ail.com)
E A C B bajo licencia Creative Commons Attributi
*) on-ShareAlike 3.0*/
#include "Ultrasonic.h"
ABC
" C Ultrasonic ultrasonic(12,13); // En
lugar de declarar los Pin
EC#DA - // echo y Pin trig, puedo hacer
erlo
E F directamente con esta función
BC int Pinrojo=6;
FA B int Pinverde=5;
C int buzzer=4;
void setup() {
IAB # B Serial.begin (9600);
F pinMode(Pinverde,OUTPUT);
F B 8A //Definimos los pines, notar qu
que ya
C // no definimos los pines del ssensor
D E pinMode(Pinrojo, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);
ABC }
void loop() {
int cm;
Serial.print("Duración del pulso
pu de
recepción:");
Serial.print(ultrasonic.Timin
ing());
// Aquí obtenemos el
// tiempo del pulso de eco en high
h

Serial.println(" us");
cm=ultrasonic.Ranging(CM); // Aquí
hacemos la conversión a cm
BC B AB /
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

Serial.print("Distancia: ");
Serial.print(ultrasonic.Ranginng(CM));
Serial.println(" cm");
if (cm>20) //20 cm
c es la
distancia de emergencia
{
digitalWrite(Pinverde, HIGH));
//En caso que un objeto esté
//
lejos, pintamos el LED verde
digitalWrite(Pinrojo, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
}
else if (cm<20)
{
digitalWrite(Pinverde, LOW); //Si
el objeto está muy cerca,
// hacemos sonaar la
alarma buzzer y el LED rojo
digitalWrite(Pinrojo, HIGH);
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
}
delay(500);
}

BC B AB /!
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

Últimos apuntes

& FC A C BC F CBA C
DA CB(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CDC
#CDC F8C ACC
B C D D F CBA C D ABCD
)B E - CDA CB
F C
EACB
MA CF FC A C BC F CBA C
DA CB(
- ?FFD(CC>>> -C F EC#C> FE? 1R3
,!X >Z 92g FR%6
)B B F C
E B
YC F (

BC B AB /%
DA CB FC /3
!E A " # AC E C
EC C F E CAF
' (E %)A

)B > FA B CF C D C- EFC
EACB C < BF B(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CF
CF FC A
BC D C- EFC F ABF B CB(
C
= FC
F FC A ( - ' EA B B AF #
1A A7 EA B FC ECB ABC
B(
- ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CDC
CDC F8C
F ACCD
CE AB D-D ABCD1A A7 D FC
- &C C C " - ABC -
DA CB(
?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#CDC
CDC F8C
F ACCFC
CD C D D-D ABCD -DCD
CDA CB
)B DA CB F B #C EC#C # F
E A AC D BC D BFC
1A F B # F - D FAEAD B B F C 8C C A
FA B B C ABAEA FA1 D EFC
EF F
I E$ - D C- EFC C E A CF C B(
EC# BF AC - ?FFD(CC>>> CDA CB EC#C8C
C8C C D
A-C8C C C D BC

BC B AB /,
DA CB FC /3
-C CA B

FA - B 8C # ? E C # 9C D B
BE BF G<
&?C## 1 ) A CB

BC B AB /4
DA CB FC /3
-C CA B
-
0 1A
1 A B 2

-C CA B
Y F ? C E BF ABC B D F 8C #
# - 8 BA < - D #AF A7 D C- EEFC ECB
EF BAE FC C FADC # B # - ABF AFA1

& EC# B #C 1A AF D AB C8AEAA ABC<


CB BECBF # E? A# # AB8C # EA B(
F FC A ? F B 8C C CB # E? BF EC#D
EC# F
D C- EFC C A E F C A C BD & # A B
F AB1AF #C 1A AF BC B B F D AB C8AEA (
>>> CDA CB EC#< CB A#C F FC A - D C-
C EFC
FC C FADC D #C F A1 B AB DAA EA B

) D #C ? F A1 FA C - B @ C ECBE DFC
EF BAE #A BF F # B < D C ?C F
F BC(

K* A B F F AB1 BFA1 - E B 1C -
# 1A C C D C- EFC L

BC B AB //
DA CB FC /3
-C CA B
0 1A A B 2

- A B
¡[ #C ECBCE F CDABA BL MA AF BC B BF B F B(

>>> CDA CB EC#

?FFD (CC>>> 8 E CC$ EC#C DA CB)


B) EF CBAE

?FFD (CCF>AFF EC# C DA CB FC

?FFD(CC>>> -C F EC#C C DAA CB) EF CBAE

?FFD(CCD -CCDA CB

BC B AB /6
DA CB FC /3
-C CA B
-
0 1A
1 A B 2

?FFD(CC AB$ AB EC#CEC#D


D B-CCDA
B-C CB

AB8C CDA CB EC#

I- A B J

BC B AB /5
DA CB FC /3
)F C F 9C B "AE BEA ' FA1
A1 'C##CB
'C
F A EA BD=C'C# EA D'C#D FA %2++BDC F
BC B AB /3
DA CB FC /3

You might also like