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Bharata Natyam a traditional dance of the Tamils
Indian classical dance is a relatively new umbrella term for various codified art forms rooted in Natya, the
sacred Hindu musical theatre styles, whose theory can be traced back to the Natya Shastra of Bharata
Muni (400 BC).
Contents
[hide]
1 Definitions
2 Dance forms
3 Sabha
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
[edit]Definitions
Odissi is originally from Orissa state
Dancer performing the chakkarwala tukra, one of the popular highlights ofKathak in Uttar Pradesh
A Kathakali performer in the virtuouspachcha (green) role
Prakriti Ora, one of the sixty four mati-akhora or basic Sattriya exercises.
These are:
Dances performed inside the sanctum of the temple according to the rituals were called Agama Nartanam.
Natya Shastra classifies this type of dance form as margi, or the soul-liberating dance, unlike
the desi (purely entertaining) forms.
Dances performed in royal courts to the accompaniment of classical music were called Carnatakam. This
was an intellectual art form. * Darbari Aattam form
For lack of any better equivalents in the European culture, the British colonial authorities called any performing
art forms found in India as "Indian dance". Even though the art of Natya includes nritta,
or dance proper, Natya has never been limited to dancing and includes singing, abhinaya (mime acting). These
features are common to all the Indian classical styles. In the margi form Nritta is composed of karanas, while
the desi nritta consists mainly of adavus.
The term "classical" (Sanscr. "Shastriya") was introduced by Sangeet Natak Akademi to denote the Natya
Shastra-based performing art styles. A very important feature of Indian classical dances is the use of
the mudra or hand gestures by the artists as a short-hand sign language to narrate a story and to demonstrate
certain concepts such as objects, weather, nature and emotion. Many classical dances include facial
expressions as an integral part of the dance form.
[edit]Dance forms
Sangeet Natak Akademi currently confers classical status on nine Indian dance styles (see table below), while
the Encyclopædia Britannica mentions six recognized schools[1] and other sources state there are eight dance
forms.[2][3]
Kathakali Kerala
Manipuri Manipur
Mohiniyattam Kerala
Odissi Orissa
Sattriya Assam
A dance style is classical to the extent it incorporates the Natya Shastra techniques. Some of the styles such
as Kathak use very few elements found in Natya Shastra. Other art dances yet to be conferred as classical
dances, whose theories and techniques can also be traced back to the Natya Shastra[citation needed] are:
Out of the nine recognized dance forms, the only two temple dance styles that have their origin in Natya
Shastra and are prescribed by the Agamas areBharata Natyam and Odissi. These two most faithfully adhere to
the Natya Shastra but currently do not include Vaachikaabhinaya (dialog acts), although some styles of
Bharata Natyam, such as Melattur style, prescribe the lip and eye movements indicating Vaachikaabhinaya.
Kuchipudi, which also prescribes the lip movements indicating Vaachikaabhinaya, and Mohiniyattam are
relatively recent Darbari Aatam forms, just asKathakali, and two eastern Indian styles, Manipuri and Sattriya,
that are quite similar.
Kathak originated as a court dance. Some believe it evolved from Lord Krishna's raas lilas, forms of which have
also evolved into the popular Garba-style dances popular in North India and Gujarat. The style gradually
changed during the Mughal period under the influence of Persian dance, a major change being straight knees
instead of the bent knees used in most other Indian classical forms. Intricate footwork and spins, as well
as abhinaya, are the highlights ofKathak.
Currently, Sangeet Natak Akademi does not consider the recently reconstructed dance styles of Andhra
Pradesh such as Andhra Natyam and Vilasini Natyam as "classical." Bharatanrithyam, despite being the one
most closely following Natya Shastra's precepts, is considered as a variety of Bharata Natyam...
[edit]Sabha
Sabhas are the organizations involved in the promotion of classical art forms in South
India. Ganamukundhapriya is one such Sabha that specialises in classical dances. kathak kali is the classical
dance of Kerala Behu is a dance festival of Asssam Gidda and Bhangra are the folk dance of Punjab
[edit]See also
Category:Dances of India
[edit]References
1. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. dance (performing arts) : Indian classical dance. Retrieved 03-11-2010.
3. ^ Narayan, Shovana (2005). Indian classical dances: "ekam sat vipraah bahudaa vadanti". Shubhi
Publications. pp. 5.
Ambrose, Kay (1984). Classical Dances and Costumes of India. Palgrave Macmillan.
[edit]Further reading
Massey, Reginald (2004). India's dances: their history, technique, and repertoire. Abhinav Publications.
[edit]External links
1. All differences in this world are of degree, and not of kind, because oneness is
the secret of everything.
Swami Vivekananda
All the powers in the universe are already ours. It is we who have put our hands
before our eyes and cry that it is dark.
Swami Vivekananda
As different streams having different sources all mingle their waters in the sea, so
different tendencies, various though they appear, crooked or straight, all lead to
God.
Swami Vivekananda
Condemn none: if you can stretch out a helping hand, do so. If you cannot, fold your
hands, bless your brothers, and let them go their own way.
Swami Vivekananda
GOD is to be worshipped as the one beloved, dearer than everything in this and next
life.
Swami Vivekananda
If faith in ourselves had been more extensively taught and practiced, I am sure a
very large portion of the evils and miseries that we have would have vanished.
Swami Vivekananda
If money help a man to do good to others, it is of some value; but if not, it is simply
a mass of evil, and the sooner it is got rid of, the better.
Swami Vivekananda
Never think there is anything impossible for the soul. It is the greatest heresy to
think so. If there is sin, this is the only sin; to say that you are weak, or others are
weak.
Swami Vivekananda
Our duty is to encourage every one in his struggle to live up to his own highest idea,
and strive at the same time to make the ideal as near as possible to the Truth.
Swami Vivekananda
Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life - think of it, dream of it, live on that
idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part of your body, be full of that idea,
and just leave every other idea alone. This is the way to success.
Swami Vivekananda
The moment I have realized God sitting in the temple of every human body, the
moment I stand in reverence before every human being and see God in him - that
moment I am free from bondage, everything that binds vanishes, and I am free.
Swami Vivekananda
The more we come out and do good to others, the more our hearts will be purified,
and God will be in them.
Swami Vivekananda
The Vedanta recognizes no sin it only recognizes error. And the greatest error, says
the Vedanta is to say that you are weak, that you are a sinner, a miserable creature,
and that you have no power and you cannot do this and that.
Swami Vivekananda
The will is not free - it is a phenomenon bound by cause and effect - but there is
something behind the will which is free.
Swami Vivekananda
The world is the great gymnasium where we come to make ourselves strong.
Swami Vivekananda
Truth can be stated in a thousand different ways, yet each one can be true.
Swami Vivekananda
We are what our thoughts have made us; so take care about what you think. Words
are secondary. Thoughts live; they travel far.
Swami Vivekananda When an idea exclusively occupies the mind, it is transformed
into an actual physical or mental state.
Swami Vivekananda
Where can we go to find God if we cannot see Him in our own hearts and in every
living being.
Swami Vivekananda
You have to grow from the inside out. None can teach you, none can make you
spiritual. There is no other teacher but your own soul.
Swami Vivekananda
1.A few heart-whole, sincere, and energetic men and women can do more in a year than
a mob in a century.
2. Be brave. Be strong. Be fearless. Once you have takenup spiritual life , fight as
long as there is any life in you. Even though you know you are going to be killed, fight
till you “are kill”. Don't die of fright. Die fighting. Don't go down till you are knocked
down.
3. Be strong... you talk of ghosts and devils. We are living devils. The sign of life is
strength and growth. The sign of death is weakness. Whatever is weak , avoid! It is
death. If it is strength , go down into hell and get hold of it. There is salvation only for
the brave. “ None but the brave deserves the fair” None but the bravest deserves
salvation.
4. All truth is eternal. Truth is nobody's property; no race; no individual can lay
any exclusive claim to it. Truth is the nature of all souls.
5. Are great things ever done smoothly? Time, patience and indomitable will must
show.
6. Are you unselfish? That is the question . If you are, you will be perfect without
reading single religious book, with out going into a single church or temple.
7. Fear is death, fear is sin, fear is hell, fear is unrighteousness, fear is wrong life.
All the neagtive thoughts and ideas that are in the world have preceeded from this evil
spirit of fear.
8. Come out into the university of light. Every thing in the universe is yours,
stretch out your arms and embrace it with love. If you ever felt you wanted to do that
you have felt God.
9. Change is always subjective. To talk of evil and misery is nonsence, because they
do not exist outside. If I am immune from all anger, I never feel angry. If I am immune
from all hatred, I never feel hatred.
10. Standup, be bold , be strong. Take the whole responsibility on your own
shoulders, and know that you are the creator of your own destiny. All the strength and
succor you want is within yourself. Therefore make your own future.
11. It is in our own mental attitude which makes the world what it is for us. Our
thought make things beautiful, our thoughts make things ugly. The hole world is in our
own minds. Learn to see things in the proper light. First believe in this world, that there
is meaning behind everything. Everything in the world is good, is wholly and beautiful.
If you see something evil, think that you do not understand it in the right light. Throw
the burden on yourselves.