PFI Standard 5-24 (Revised December 2013) PIPE BENDING METHODS, TOLERANCES, PROCESS AND MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS Prapared by Pipe Fabrication Iie Enginvering Commice SHUM PIPE p, Nb, yy, AILPRL Standards ae aso) ony. Tee ‘eccnt fh PE Seed he cory PIPE FABRICATION INSTITUTE coma ra engines[Pens Revision Pipe Bending PEI Standard ES-24 (evaed December 2013) ‘Methods, Tolerances, Process and Material Requirement METRIC CONVERSIONS ‘The conversion of unites between systems of unis involves a determination of te umber of significant gts tbe retained. Allconverson depend pon the intended precision ofthe erin! quant und are rounded to he apeopit accacy. Pipe sizes together with pliable val hickneses re ot shown with mtr equivalents. ‘Tho SI (msc) vals whet ine wi a eastomary US. al inthis Standard re the oundedcguvaens of the US, values and are for efeence oly. ‘Metic units wee dived utilizing the flowing conversion fico: Conversion Factor Incbesto 254 Mitinetrs Lato 0.703 Kyle 1. Scope 1.1 This standard covers methods, process quirements olerances and asestanceeritera for ‘hop iat pipe bend, 12 The bending methods described inthis anda are pata representation of cammoaly uo processes and donot preclude he we of ther ebods 2. Terminology 2.1 The symbols nd tems defined below are wed ‘hroughou this standard po mcon —l Conversion Deg Fab Dez. Cent Factor 59 (Deg. F-32) Nomina outle diameter of pipe “Nominal wall ines of pies = Minimm cleulted wall heknes required by the upplicabl ode Pipe walltikoes (neared or ‘miu, in accordance with purchase ‘pecieation) ~ Cone tinea of end. 4 gey 3. Bending Methods 4.1 This standard covers bends formed by both ot and «old bending methods For this anda 8 femperare 100 degrees F below the lowe crcl temperature of th materi is defined sting the boundary betven ot and cold bein, 32 Unless eterwse specif bythe governing code, ‘he bending procedure, incusing the esting/ootng ec and post bend het reste, {determined by the pipe materi, dimeter, wall ‘hikes, bend ads and the eqied properties ffs Lenin Beeaure of te mary varies, involved the bending procedure shuld be determined by the iri.[Denotes Revision 33. the bending equipment used in many of the meds i generically the same, tere ma) be Aitercnees in ending procedures, material owanees, ld al pl kgs, wall tikes, tte, between bending fabricators 34 Hot bending methods 34 FURNACE BENDING: Tn thismetiod, the pipe i fim packed ‘vith end and hen bated in fara 2 ‘temperature in the ange of 2000 degrees “Aer removing fom the furnace, one end of the pipes etained in holding device anda bending moment i apd athe ober end ‘The rats othe Bendis controlled by es, stops or empltes athe pip = bet For Tong rads bends and/or heavy wall pipe, ‘he sailing operation may na be meureaT| | Ficune 4a FURNACE BENDING 342 INCREMENTAL BENDING: The incremental bending equpmest is ‘ompoved of an anchor bos hyde ‘ndr, apa moveable heating deve. ‘The pipes clamped inthe anchor bor and ‘he front tangents connected to the tyra ender The heating device bests A narow circamfretial band on he re the prope ending eperature foes ‘hen applied by the hydraulic eine to ‘bend the sll ineement predetermined mount Theheting deve ten moved to sucesive segments where the proces is repeated nt the required are is attained, ‘After bending ech nen, the bested rn evoed as required by the appropeate bending procedure. PFI Standard 5-24 (Revised December 2013) vg Hearne Device f svcnonsox HvORAULIC CYLINDER > igure 342. 343 INDUCTION BENDING: ‘The indution bending equipments campos of tie Basi eamponents fensisting of be, radial am, whichis Set atthe equed radius, and a induction eating stem. The pie is placed in he ead the fot tangent amped wo the racial am, The induction heating sytem ese anarow circumferential and around the pipe tothe appropriate bending temperatre When semper is reached the pipe i coninuonsly moved through the eating col while a bending ‘moment is applied to the heated are. Aor passing ough the eo, he pipe may be titer fred or mtu cote as required bythe appropriate qualified bending roceure. InoucTion cow. Y ricure 343 INDUCTION BENDING