TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 7 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES AND SAFETY

Chapter 1 CONSTRUCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND PRACTICES

1.1 INTRODUCTION 7-1
1.2 SCOPE 7-1
1.3 TERMINOLOGY 7-1
1.4 PLANNING 7-2
1.4.1 Responsibilities 7-3
1.4.2 First Aid Attendant 7-3
1.4.3 Temporary Construction 7-3
1.4.4 Preconstruction Phase 7-3
1.4.5 Construction Phase 7-4
1.5 CONSTRUCTION CONTROL 7-5
1.5.1 General 7-5
1.5.2 Professional Services and Responsibilities 7-5
1.5.3 Construction of all Elements 7-5
1.5.4 Construction Using Bamboo 7-5
1.5.5 Low Income Housing 7-6
1.5.6 Site Preparation 7-6
1.5.7 Use of New /Alternative Construction Techniques 7-6
1.5.8 Permits 7-6
1.5.9 Tests and Inspections 7-7
1.6 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT 7-7
1.6.1 Time Management 7-7
1.6.2 Quality Management 7-7
1.6.3 Health, Safety and Environment 7-7
1.6.4 Cost Management 7-7
1.7 PROTECTION OF PUBLIC AND WORKERS 7-8
1.7.1 General 7-8
1.7.2 Adjoining Property 7-8
1.7.3 Protective Fences and Railings 7-8
1.7.4 Canopies, Overhangs and Platforms 7-9
1.7.5 Protection of Utilities 7-9
1.7.6 Use of Road and Footpath 7-9
1.7.7 Protective Devices 7-10
1.7.8 Notices and Signs 7-10
1.7.9 Watchman and Auditory Signal 7-10
1.7.10 Safe Load 7-10
1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 7-10
1.8.1 Protection of Existing Drainage Systems and Utilities 7-10
1.8.2 Protection of Soil, Aquifers, and Water Channels against Pollution 7-11
1.8.3 Protection of Air Quality from Obnoxious Emissions 7-11
1.8.4 Protection from Sound Pollution 7-11

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1.8.5 Site Reinstatement 7-12

Chapter 2 STORAGE, STACKING AND HANDLING PRACTICES
2.1 GENERAL PRACTICES 7-13
2.1.1 General Requirements and Restrictions on Storage and Handling: 7-13
2.1.2 Manual Handling 7-13
2.1.3 Protection against Fire 7-13
2.1.4 Housekeeping 7-14
2.2 STORAGE REQUIREMENT BY CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS 7-14
2.2.1 Climatically Sensitive Materials 7-14
2.2.2 Durable Materials 7-16
2.2.3 Materials Vulnerable to Rough Handling 7-18
2.2.4 Inflammable and/or Fire-Sensitive Materials 7-21
2.2.5 Hazardous Materials 7-22
2.3 MISCELLANEOUS 7-25
2.4 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS 7-25
2.5 LOADING AND UNLOADING OF MATERIALS 7-26
Chapter 3 SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION
3.1 GENERAL 7-27
3.1.1 Scope 7-27
3.1.2 Safety Management 7-27
3.2 TERMINOLOGY 7-27
3.2.1 Safety of Workmen 7-28
3.2.2 Site Precautions 7-28
3.2.3 Site Amenities 7-28
3.3 EXCAVATION AND FOUNDATION WORK 7-28
3.3.1 General 7-28
3.3.2 Excavating Machinery and Tools 7-29
3.3.3 Excavated Materials and Surcharges 7-29
3.3.4 Ground Water 7-29
3.3.5 Ground Condition 7-29
3.3.6 Overhang, Slopes and Cavities 7-30
3.3.7 Blasting and Vibration 7-30
3.3.8 Health Hazards during Excavation 7-30
3.3.9 Safety of Materials 7-30
3.3.10 Piling and Deep Foundation 7-31
3.3.11 Working in Compressed Air 7-31
3.3.12 Adjoining Properties and Service Lines 7-32
3.4 PILE RIG 7-32
3.4.1 Erection of Pile Rig 7-32
3.4.2 Operation of Pile Rig 7-32
3.4.3 Piles 7-33
3.4.4 Inspection and Tests 7-33
3.5 CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS 7-33
3.5.1 General 7-33
3.5.2 Scaffold 7-33

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3.5.3 Ladders 7-34

3.5.4 Opening in Walls 7-34
3.5.5 Projection from Walls 7-34
3.5.6 Common Hazards During Walling 7-35
3.6 CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS 7-35
3.6.1 General 7-35
3.6.2 Use of Sheets 7-35
3.6.3 Platforms 7-36
3.6.4 Flat Roof 7-36
3.6.5 Openings and Holes 7-36
3.6.6 Skeleton Construction 7-36
3.7 CONCRETE WORK 7-36
3.7.1 General 7-36
3.7.2 Prestressed Concrete 7-36
3.7.3 Concrete Mixers 7-37
3.7.4 Concrete Truck and Buckets 7-37
3.8 FORMWORK AND SCAFFOLD 7-37
3.8.1 Scaffold and Centering Materials 7-37
3.8.2 Formwork for Concrete 7-38
3.8.3 Load Capacity 7-38
3.8.4 Bamboos 7-38
3.8.5 Timber Posts 7-39
3.8.6 Steel Centering 7-39
3.9 ERECTION OPERATIONS 7-39
3.9.1 Erection and Hoisting 7-39
3.9.2 Small Articles 7-40
3.9.3 Hoist Protection 7-40
3.9.4 Lifting Gear 7-40
3.9.5 Cranes 7-41
3.9.6 Slings 7-41
3.9.7 Inspection 7-41
3.10 ELECTRIFICATION, EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONS 7-42
3.10.1 Wiring System 7-42
3.10.2 Guarding of Cables 7-42
3.10.3 Lifts 7-42
3.10.4 Construction Machinery 7-42
3.10.5 Heating of Bitumen and Tar 7-42
3.10.6 Flame Cutting and Welding 7-43
3.10.7 Riveting Operation 7-44
3.11 CONSTRUCTION HAZARDS 7-44
3.11.1 General 7-44
3.11.2 Fire Hazards 7-44
3.11.3 Health Hazards 7-46
3.11.4 Skin Hazard 7-46
3.11.5 Noise Hazard 7-46
3.12 ADDITIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR ERECTION OF CONCRETE FRAMED 7-47

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STRUCTURES (HIGH RISE BUILDINGS)
3.12.1 Handling of Plant 7-47
3.12.2 Formwork 7-47
3.12.3 Ramps and Gangways 7-48
3.12.4 Materials Hoists 7-48
3.12.5 Prestressed Concrete 7-49
3.12.6 Erection of Prefabricated Members 7-50
3.12.7 Heated Concrete 7-50
3.12.8 Structural Connections 7-50
3.13 MISCELLANEOUS 7-50
3.13.1 Stair , Ramp and Gangway 7-50
3.13.2 Fragile Fixture 7-51
3.13.3 Hand Tools 7-51
3.13.4 Steel Structure 7-51
3.13.5 Finish Works 7-52
Chapter 4 DEMOLITION WORK
4.1 PRELIMINARY PROCEDURE 7-53
4.1.1 General 7-53
4.1.2 Planning 7-53
4.1.3 Protection of Adjoining Property 7-53
4.1.4 Precautions prior to Demolition 7-53
4.1.5 Protection of Public 7-54
4.1.6 Sidewalk Shed and Canopies 7-54
4.2 PRECAUTIONS DURING DEMOLOTION 7-54
4.2.1 General 7-54
4.2.2 Sequence of Demolition Operation 7-54
4.2.3 Wall 7-55
4.2.4 Floor 7-56
4.2.5 Special Elements 7-56
4.2.6 Mechanical Demolition 7-58
4.2.7 Miscellaneous 7-58
4.3 BLASTING OPERATION AND USE OF EXPLOSIVES 7-58
4.3.1 General 7-58
4.3.2 Code of Signal 7-58
4.3.3 Supervision and Responsibility 7-58
4.3.4 Protection of site Personnel and Installations 7-59
4.3.5 Safety of Third Parties 7-59
4.3.6 Use of Explosives 7-59
4.3.7 Blasting Accessories 7-60
4.4 LOWERING, REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS 7-60
4.4.1 General 7-60
4.4.2 Use of Chutes 7-60
4.4.3 Removal of Debris 7-61
4.4.4 Disposal of Materials 7-61
4.4.5 Regularization of Plots 7-61

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Chapter 5 MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT, REPAIRS, RETROFITTING AND
STRENGTHENING OF BUILDINGS
5.1 MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT 7-63
5.2 TERMINOLOGY 7-63
5.3 BUILDING MAINTENANCE 7-63
5.3.1 General 7-63
5.3.2 Factors Affecting Maintenance 7-64
5.3.3 Maintenance Policy 7-64
5.3.4 Maintenance Work Programmes 7-65
5.3.5 Maintenance Guides 7-65
5.3.6 Planning of Maintenance Work 7-65
5.3.7 Feed Back 7-65
5.3.8 Means of Effecting Maintenance 7-66
5.4 ACCESS 7-66
5.4.1 General 7-66
5.4.2 Access Facilities 7-66
5.4.3 Access to Confined Spaces 7-66
5.5 RECORDS 7-67
5.5.1 General 7-67
5.5.2 Use of Building Records 7-67
5.5.3 Mechanical Records 7-68
5.5.4 Electrical Records 7-68
5.6 INSPECTIONS 7-69
5.6.1 General 7-69
5.6.2 Frequency of Inspection 7-69
5.6.3 Inspection of Engineering Services 7-69
5.7 MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES 7-70
5.7.1 Planning of Maintenance Work 7-70
5.8 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS 7-71
5.9 PREVENTION OF CRACKS 7-71
5.10 REPAIRS AND SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF BUILDINGS 7-71
5.10.1 Non-structural/Architectural Repairs 7-71
5.10.2 Structural Repairs 7-72
5.10.3 Seismic Strengthening 7-72
5.10.4 Seismic Retrofitting 7-73
5.10.5 Strengthening or Retrofitting Versus Reconstruction 7-73
5.11 MAINTENANCE MANUAL 7-73

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