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b. For the flow of patterns of materials and people around, into, and within building.
a. Process Layout
b. Product Layout
c. Combination Layout
Process Layout
Used when the operations system must handle a wide variety of products in
relatively small volumes (i.e., flexibility is necessary).
Product Layout
Product layout is used to achieve a smooth and rapid flow of large volumes of
products or customers through a system.
For instance, if a portion of a manufacturing operation required the sequence of
cutting, sanding, and painting, the appropriate pieces of equipment would be
arranged in that same sequence.
Combination Layout
It is a type of layout in which a process layout is combined with a product layout.
Fixed-Position layout
In fixed-position layouts, the item being worked on remains stationary, and
workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed.
Fixed-position layouts are widely used for farming, firefighting, road building,
home building, remodeling and repair, and drilling for oil,buildings, ships,
aircrafts.
Small business owners need to consider many operational factors when building or renovating a
facility for maximum layout effectiveness. These criteria include the following:
Some examples are including a cafeteria or even a gymnasium in the facility design.
Again, though, there are costs to be traded off. That is, does the increase in morale due to
a cafeteria increase productivity to the extent that the increased productivity covers the
cost of building and staffing the cafeteria."
10. Safety—The facility layout should enable the business to effectively operate in
accordance with Occupational Safety and Health Association guidelines and other legal
restrictions.
Difference between office and factory Layout
Factory layout
Offices and manufacturing facilities are typically designed in much different ways—a reflection
of the disparate products that the two entities make. "A factory produces things. These things are
moved with conveyors and lift trucks; factory utilities include gas, water, compressed air, waste
disposal, and large amounts of power as well as telephones and computer networks. A layout
criterion is minimization of transportation cost.
However, that the mandate of business offices is to produce information, whether disseminated
in physical (reports, memos, and other documents), electronic (computer files), or oral
(telephone, face-to-face encounters) form. "Office layout criteria, although hard to quantify, are
minimization of communication cost and maximization of employee productivity.
Service oriented :
The needs of service-oriented businesses, for instance, are often predicated on whether
customers receive their services at the physical location of the business (such as at a bank
or pet grooming shop, for instance) or whether the business goes to the customer's home
or place of business to provide the service (as with exterminators, home repair
businesses, plumbing services, etc.) In the latter instances, these businesses will likely
have facility layouts that emphasize storage space for equipment, chemicals, and
paperwork rather than spacious customer waiting areas.
Manufacturer industry:
. Manufacturers may also have significantly different facility layouts, depending on the
unique needs that they have. After all, the production challenges associated with
producing jars of varnish or mountaineering equipment are apt to be considerably
different than those of making truck chassis or foam beach toys.
Retail Industry:
Retail outlets comprise yet another business sector that have unique facility layout needs.
Such establishments typically emphasize sales floor space, inventory logistics, foot traffic
issues, and overall store attractiveness when studying facility layout issues.
KFC Facility Layout:
Internal & External layout of KFC outlet is attractive and charming all over the world.
Ideal color schemes, pleasant lighting outlets, comfortable sitting arrangement, fully trained
employees and their proper work division, State of the art interior beautification, speedy &
appropriate cooking process, special club/block for kids, etc. are the chief characteristic of the
KFC layout.
. Advantage of KFC Good Layout:
Reduces bottlenecks in moving people or material.
Increases morale.
Provides flexibility.
.
KFC Facility Layout Map:
KFC follows the following facility layout for their outlets round the world.
6. KFC Process Layout Map:
KFC use process layouts because of variability in customer processing requirements. The KFC’s
old and new process schematic diagram are presented blow.
Finished Goods
Raw Material
Assemble
Cook Deliver
Raw Material
W. I. P.
Cook Assemble Deliver
Conclusion
Facility layout and design is an important component of a business's overall operations,
both in terms of maximizing the effectiveness of production processes and meeting
employee needs and/or desires. The criteria for a good layout necessarily relate to people
(personnel and customers), materials (raw, finished, and in process), machines, and their
interactions."