INTRODUCTION

Quality means maintaining standards according to the customer

requirements, common misconception about quality product is that a
quality product should have to be a Class-A product but in actual good
quality products are those which reflect customer requirements to its
most.

Quality assurance is the Process of designing, producing, evaluating,

and checking
Products to determine if they meet the desired quality level for a
company’s target market. It is ongoing process whose laws are defined
by quality department after several attempts of delivering quality
product.

Factory labs are of the prime importance in any industry as they are
the heart of that industry and helps in quality outcome. Importance of
Factory Lab is not limited to Quality Production, Instead it also helps
determine limitations of Process, Production capability and devise
Costing of the Process.

FACTORY LAB
HELPS IN
DETERMING

PRODUCT OPTIMIZING
CHARACTERISTIC PRODUCTION
S PROCESS

PROCESS PRODUCTION
COSTING DEFECTS
LIMITATION CAPABILITY

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 PROCESS OPTIMIZATION

PROCESS LIMITATIONS
Fiber/Yarn/Fabric
• Checking Quality of Procurement
• Accessibility

Dye & Axillaries

• Purity/Concentration Test
• Efficiency of Chemical
• Possible Adverse Effects

PRODUCTION FACILITY
Technique
• Determining Efficiency of Procedure
• Optimizing Process Technique

Machine Limitation
• Determining Production Potential

COSTING
Process Cost
• Deducing Process/Product Cost

Costing of Raw Material

DEFECTS
Identifying Defect Origin
• Detecting random defects and its cause

Overcoming/rectifying Defects

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 • Predicting Methods to Prevent Defects
• Mending the Defects
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

Testing the physical and chemical properties/characteristics of the

product is termed as product characteristics.
Generally the labs took the small amount of sample from the lot or
produces smaller amount of product and observes their required test
on that sample size product, this give the brief idea about

• How the product will look

• What will be its aesthetics
• How good will be its strength
• Fastness properties
• Other customer requirements

Objective

• Different end uses have different performance requirements

• Testing and analysis provide information concerning both

structure and
Performance of textile products

• Consumers have certain expectations as to how a

product should perform, and also have some idea as to how long
they expect to be able to use a product.

These testing are carried out at various stages in textile industry, of

which some of the important are discussed later.
In every stage this testing is necessarily done at two instances

• When procurement is bought

• When product is produced

Both of above have different importance and purpose of testing,

Testing of procurement is done to ensure that quality raw material is
bought and that material is up to required standard and will not
obstruct in making of quality product.

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Where as the final testing of product is done to certify that the product
made in factory is up to standard given by customers and also full fills
the factory reputation.

TESTING IN WEAVING

Raw material: yarn

Following tests are observed in weaving lab to assure that yarn is of

desired quality

• Yarn Count
• Twist Per Inch (TPI) Twist tester
• Yarn strength Tensile tester
• Blend
• Yarn Weight
• Hairiness Hairiness Tester

Out come: Greige fabric

Following tests are observed in weaving lab to assure that fabric

produced is of desired quality

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 • Tear test
• Count of fabric
• Cloth sett
• GSM
• Abrasion test
• Shrinkage test
• Quality of size
• Quantity of size

TESTING IN PRE TREATMENT

Raw material: Greige Fabric

Following tests are observed in processing lab to assure that grey

fabric is of required quality

• Nature of size
• Size percentage
• Nature of Fiber
• GSM

Out come: Pre Treated Fabric

Following tests are observed in processing lab to assure that fabric has
got the desired quality, these out comes varies in different cases as it is
solely dependent on customer requirements.

• Degree of Whiteness
• Feel/Softness
• Degree of Cleanliness
• Absorbancy

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 TESTING IN DYEING

Raw material: Pre Treated Fabric

Following tests are observed in processing lab to assure that the fabric
is of desired quality

• GSM
• Nature of Fiber
• Dye Pickup

Testing of Dyes/Axillaries

• Purity test/Concentration
• Possible Adverse affect

Out come: Dyed Fabric

Following tests are observed in processing lab to assure that dyed

fabric has got the desired quality, these out comes varies in different
cases as it is utterly dependent on customer

• Colour fastness to rubbing/crocking

• Colour fastness to dry cleaning
• Colour fastness to light
• Dimensional stability
• Tear strength

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• Tensile strength
• Pilling resistance
• GSM
• Perspiration test
• Staining test
• ph testing
• Skew/ Bow test

MACHINES USED IN PROCESSING LABS

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General Testing ASTM Test Methods AATCC Test Methods

• Fiber identification • Absorbency of

• Yarn crimp (woven)
• Qualitative textile bleached textiles
• Count and twist from • Alkali in bleach baths
analysis
yarn in fabric containing hydrogen
• Flammability of
• Dye-on-fiber peroxide
apparel textiles • Appearance of
• Mock dyeing/levelling
• Differential dyeing of apparel and other home
• Strip dye/re-dye
cotton textiles after repeated
• Colour reflectance launderings
• Extractable matter
measurement • Ash content of
determination
• Blend analysis bleached cellulosic
• Moisture regain textiles
• Analysis of fiber
• Boiling water and dry- • Instrumental colour
distribution in yarn
heat shrinkage measurement of
• Denier by microscopy textiles
• Moisture level in
• Yarn cross sections • Colourfastness to
textiles
• Chemical damage acids and alkalis
• Bow and skew test for • Colourfastness to
assessment
woven and knitted bleaching with chlorine
• Dye rate and capacity
fabric • Colourfastness to
studies bleaching with peroxide
• Bulk determination
• PET density •of woven or knitted
for textured yarns
determination fabrics
• Sonic modulus of • Dimensional changes
in commercial
filament or tow
laundering of woven or
knit fabrics
• Qualitative and
quantitative fiber
analysis
• Gray scale for colour
change
• Gray scale for
staining
• Mercerization in
cotton
• pH of water-extract
from bleached textiles9
• Wrinkle-recovery of
fabrics