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Gas Burner Design for Application
1
Dr. Gunther Bethold Managing Director
Dr.Luca Barozzi
Ing. Massimo Dotti
Ing. Massimo Gilioli Engineering Staff
Dr. Gabriele Gangale
2
Index
What is a burner
Combustion Reaction & Products
Chemical reaction
Heat output
Emissions NOX and CO
Heat Transfer Effects
Design for Application
CFD calculation on flow – mixing and burner temperature
Longetivity
Noise
Test Gas and Interchangeability
Test conditions – qualification of a burner
Gas quality – influence on burner
3
What is a Burner?
4
Combustion Reaction & Products
5
Combustion Reaction & Products
In reality :
Complete real mechanism is composed of
thousands of reactions
Heat
CO2
NOx
H2O
CO
6
Combustion Reaction & Products
7
Combustion Reaction & Products
8
Combustion Reaction & Products
9
Combustion Reactions & Products
NOX formation
10
Combustion Reactions & Products
CO formation
11
Combustion Reactions & Products
12
Combustion Reactions & Products
Air / Fuel ratio Atmospheric vs. fan assisted Aerated vs. premix
13
Combustion Reactions & Products
24 kW
24 kW
6 kW 24 kW
1:1
3 kW
1980 1:4
2000 1:8
2010
14
Emission VS Modulation Range
15
Emission VS Modulation Range
16
Flame VS Modulation Range
17
Combustion Reactions & Products
18
Combustion Reactions & Products
Temperature effect
19
Heat Transfer Effects
20
Heat Transfer Effects
The weight of conduction , convection and radiation changes according to the mode of working of the
burner.
21
Example Nox Reduction Techniques
22
Burner Types
23
Burner Types
Premix
(a) Fan powered so that the fuel/air ratio can be carefully
controlled.
(b) Run lean (≥20%) with NOX emissions < 45 mg/kWh
(c) Typically produce short intense blue flames
(d) Short reaction zones and the highest burning velocities
hence the smallest residence times & high efficiencies
(e) The heat exchanger can (and should) be located very
close to cool the exhaust as quickly as possible to avoid
NOX formation.
24
Burner Types
Atmospheric
25
Design for Application
26
Design for Application
27
Design of Application
28
Design for Application
29
Design for Application
30
Design for Application - CFD
31
Design for Application - FEM
32
Design for Application – Life Tests
Burners cycling
800
T1A
700 T1B
T2A
T2B
600 T3A
T3B
T4A
500 T4B
T5A
T5B
400
T6A
T6B
300
200
33
Design for Application – Structural Failure
34
Test Gas & Interchangeability of Gases
35
Test Gas & Interchangeability of Gases
36
Test Gas & Interchangeability of Gases
37
Lp [dB]
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
FFT analysis
20
25
32
40
CH1
50
63
80
100
125
CH2
160
200
250
315
CH3
400
500
630
800
Design for Application – Noise
Frequenza [Hz]
CH4
1000
1250
1600
2000
2500
3150
4000
5000
6300
8000
10000
12500
16000
20000
105.6
95.9
100.9
90.9
SUM(LIN)
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Design for Application – Noise
ASHRAE TC 6.10 (Fuels and Combustion) :
Validation of low-order acoustic model of boilers and its application for diagnosing
combustion driven oscillations, Prof. David Herrin – University of Kentucky
qi
F M
Feedback loop stability model: Baade, P. K., “Design Criteria and Models for
Preventing Combustion Oscillations,” ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 84, Part 1, pp. 449-465
(1978). 39
Bibliography
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