a short

ENGLISH-LYCIAN/MILYAN LEXICON

Didier Calin
Riga January 2019
 Introduction

This lexicon is not intended to be considered an academic work. Its only aim is to provide the
learner, student or linguist a quick and easy way to check if a Lycian or Milyan equivalent to
an English word is available. Since most dictionaries of Anatolian languages only allow to
search Anatolian words and to find their translation, attestations and etymology, if one for
example wishes to know what the word for ‘horse’ may be in one of those languages, one is
limited to search in other works, such as an Indo-European Encyclopedia. Nevertheless, if a
word does not have a known etymology or is omitted, there is no way to find it unless one is
lucky enough to have the aforementioned dictionaries in a PDF format, which of course
allows a quick search.
Each word is followed by its attested forms. Most place names have been omitted, as well as
all words of very uncertain meaning.
Sources:
Melchert, H.C., A Dictionary of the Lycian Language, Ann Arbor, New York 2004
Neumann, G., Glossar des Lykischen, Wiesbaden 2007

Abbreviations:
A accusative
AblI ablative-instrumental
adj. adjective
Collpl. collective plural
D dative
G genitive
G adj. genitival adjective
imper. imperative
L locative
M medium
Mil. Milyan
N nominative
Nt neuter
pl. plural
pret. preteritum
3rd (singular present tense)
afterwards epñ = Mil. epñ
all huwedr(i)-: Npl. huwedri, Apl. huwedris; km̃ me/i-: Apl. km̃ mis, Ntpl. km̃ ma;
punemedezi (Npl.)
> Mil. uwedr(i)-: DL uwedri, Npl. uwedriz, Apl. uwedris, Ntpl. uwadra
allot, to Mil. zaza-: 3rd zazati
allotment za- (?): N za, A zã
altar ϑϑe-: NA ϑϑẽ; (hearth) *xaha-: AblI xahadi
and -ke, se = Mil. -ke,se, sebe
anger httẽmi-: N httẽmi/httemi
angry httẽme/i-: Npl. httẽm̃
/ + to become angry Mil. sttã-: 3rd stt[ã]ni
any tihe
anyone/-thing tise / Mil. kize
Aphrodite Padrita-/Pedrita-: N Pedrita, G adj. L Padritahi
Apollo Mil. Natr(i)-: N/D Natri
Artemis Ertẽmi-: D Ertẽmi/Ertemi, G adj. N Ertemehi
as ãka
assembly Mil. tulijele-: DL tulijeli
assign, to (a share) ze- (?): 3rd zedi, 3rd pl. zeti
Athena Malija-: N Malija, A Maliju, D Mali, G adj. N Malijahi, DLpl. Malijehe
Athenian Atãnaze/i-: A Atãnazi
Athens Atãna-: Apl. Atãnas
battle (s. war)
be, to es-(/ah-): 3rd esi, 3rd pret. estte, 3rd imper. esu
become, to a(i): 1st pret. axagã
beneath ẽnẽ = Mil. ẽnẽ
bench ispazije-: NA ispazijẽ, DL isbazi
bind, to sm̃ ma-: 3rd sm̃ mati, 3rd pret. sm̃ mate / Mil. zm̃ p- (?): 3rd pret. zm̃ pde
blood Mil. *esẽne-
blood sacrifice Mil. esẽnẽmla-: L esẽnẽmla/esãnãmla
bring, to Mil. pdura- (?): 3rd pduradi, pret. [p]durade; sla-: 3rd sladi/slati,
 3rd imper. slatu, 3rd pl. imper. slãtu
brother nẽne/i-: N nẽni, DLpl. nẽne
brother (younger) epñnẽne/i-: D epñnẽni
build, to m̃ ma(i)-/m̃ m(e)i-: 3rd pl. m̃ meiti / 3rd pl. pret. m̃ maitẽ
building m̃ me/i-: N m̃ mi, DLpl m̃ me
building complex tãmada-: DLpl. tãmade
burial awah(a)i-: A awahai, D awahai/awahi // Mil. awasi-: D awasi
burial chamber ñtata-: N ñtata, A ñtatã/ñtatu, L ñtata
buy, to ije-: 3rd ije, 3rd pret. ijetẽ
carve, to xurz(e)i- (?): 3rd pret. xurzide
cattle (cows) wawadra (Ntpl.)
cattle (sheep) Mil. pasba-: A pasbã/pasbu, G adj. DL pasbasi
celebrant tuwere/i-: Npl. tuweri
chase, to pabla-: 3rd pl. pablãti
child tideime/i-: N/A/D/Npl. tideimi, Apl. tideimis, Gpl. tideimẽ, DLpl. tideime
citizenry arus-: N arus, A arusñ
city t(e)tere/i-/τeτere/i-: N teteri, D tteri, Apl. τeτeris, G adj. Ntpl. ttaraha
coffin tezi-/τezi-: A/L tezi/τezi
collacteus tidere/i-: N tideri
command ϑrm̃ ma-: A ϑrm̃ mã
command, to mar-: 3rd martti
companion Mil. are/i-: A ari
conquer, to (s. defeat, to)
construct, to prñnawa-: 3rd prñnawati, 1st pret. prñnawaxã, 3rd pret. prñnawatẽ/prñnawate,
3rd pl. pret. prñnawãtẽ
control, to xal-: 1st pret. xalxxa, 3rd pret. xalte
counsel (of elders) miñt(i)-: N/D miñti, G adj. N miñtehi, Ntpl. miñtaha
court (law) marazije-: NApl. marazija
court(yard) qla-: N qla, A qlã, L qla, G adj. N/D qlahi
cow wawa-/uwa-: A wawã/wawu, Collpl. uwa/wawa, AblI uwadi,
 G adj. N/D uwehi
dad eti (N)
daughter kbatra-: N kbatra, A kbatru, D kbatri
dead lãta-: Gpl. lãtãi/latãi
+ to be dead la-: 3rd lati
+ of the dead lataza-: DLpl. lataze
deceased hãta-: A hãtã
decide, to pzzi-: 3rd pzziti = Mil. pzzi-: 3rd pzziti
decree azzala-: A azzalã, Npl. azzalãi
decree, to (s. decide)
defeat, to tarb(e)i-: 3rd pret. tarbide;
tebe-: 3rd pret. tebete, 3rd pl. pret. tebẽtẽ, inf. tebãna
deliver, to zas-: inf. zasãni
desire, to Mil. kupri- (?): 3rd kupriti
desired Mil. kuprime- (?): Nt kuprimẽ
destroy, to qã(n)-: 3rd pl. qãti/qãñti; (iterative) 3rd qastti, 3rd pret. qastte, 3rd imper. qasttu
divine Mil. ziwala- (?): A ziwalã
do, to a(i): 3rd adi, 3rd pl aiti, 1st pret. axa/axã, 3rd pret. ade/adẽ, 3rd pl. pret. aitẽ;
iter. 3rd astti, 3rd pret. astte; inf. asñne
/ Mil. iterative as-: 1st pret. asxxa
dominate, to xla(i)-: 3rd xladi, inf. xlaina; iterative 3rd pret. xlaste
double kbijẽt(i)-: A kbijẽti
down ẽti
eight aitãta (Ntpl)
enemy trbbe/i-: A trbbi
entrust, to xñta-: 1st pret. xñtaxa
exalt, to eruwe-: 3rd eruweti
except m̃ mẽ
eyes tawa (Collpl.), DLpl. tewe
falsehood Mil. mrssxa-: A mrssxã
father tede/i-: N tedi, G adj. DL teϑϑi; eti (N) = Mil. *tede/i-: G adj. N tedesi
favor, to (s. love)
favorable Mil. sukre- (?): A sukrẽ, DL sukri
fight, to zxxa-: 3rd pl. pret. zxxãte, inf. zxxãna
fighter (s. warrior)
fine (penalty) am̃ mãma-/ãm̃ mãma-: Ntpl. am̃ mãma/ãm̃ mãma; tijala (Ntpl.)
fine, to tti-: 3rd ttiti / Mil. kiki- (?): 3rd kikiti
foot pede-: AblI pededi
for hrppi
forefathers *przzi: DLpl. przze
foremost rank przzid-: DL przzidi
fort telẽzije-: NA telẽzijẽ, D telẽzi, G adj. A/D telẽzijehi
forth pri = Mil. pri
four(fold) mupm̃ m[-
freedom arawa-: A arawã, L arawa, AblI arawadi
friend (s. companion)
front(al) przze/i-: Nt przzẽ, Apl. przzis
furnish, to Mil. slãma-: 3rd slãmati, 2nd imper. slãma
furthermore perepñ
gain hlm̃ me/i-: A hlm̃ mi
gift ddewe-: NA ddewẽ, L ddewe; pijata-: N pijata, A pijatu
+ to make a gift ddewi-: 3rd pret. ddewite
/ Mil. slãma-: NApl. slama
give, to pije-: 3rd pijeti, 1st pret. pijaxa/pijaxã, 3rd pret. pijete/pijetẽ, 3rd pl. pret.
pijẽte/pijẽtẽ; pibi(je)-: 3rd pibijeti, 3rd pl. pibiti
= Mil. pije-: 3rd pijeti, 1st imper. pijelu; pibi(je)-: 2nd imper. pibi
god maha(na)-: Npl. mãhãi/muhãi, Gpl. mãhãi, DLpl. mahãna,
G adj. N/D mahanahi, Ntpl. mahãnaha
/ Mil. masa-: N(?) masa, Npl. masaiz, G adj. DL masasi;
ziwe/i- (?): DL ziwi, Dpl. zawa (?)
God of grain *Qele/i-: G adj. N Qelehi
good Mil. wese-: AblI wesedi
governor asaxlaza-: A asaxlazu
grandchild xahba-: N xahba, A xahbu, D xahba, Apl. xahbas, Dpl. xahba
grandfather xuga-: G adj. Ntpl. xugaha = Mil. *xuga-: G adj. N xugasi
grandmother xñna-: G adj. D xñnahi, Ntpl. xñnaha
grandmother’s Mil. xinase/i-: (G adj.) DL xinasi
grant, to la-: 1st lau, 3rd pl. pret. lẽtẽ / Mil. la-: 1st pret. lax, 3rd pl. pret. lãte
great Mil. urtu- (?): A urtu, Apl. urtuz, urtuwãz
guard (s. protector)
hand izre/i-: AblI izredi
hand over, to epri-: 3rd epriti
harm mẽte-: A mẽtẽ; xttba- (?): A xttbã, AblI xttbadi; zum̃ ma/e-: NA zum̃ mã/-ẽ
harm, to xtta(i)-: 3rd xttadi, 3rd pl. xttaiti, 3rd pret. xttade;
zum̃ mẽñne-: 3rd zum̃ mẽñne
he/she/it eb(e)-: A ebñnẽ, DLpl. ebtte
Hebat *Xba- = Mil. Xba-
Heracles Herikle (N)
here ebei/ebeila/ebeli = Mil. ebei
high aruwãt(i)-: Npl. aruwãti
his ehbi(je)-: N/A/D ehbi, Nt ehbijẽ, AblI ehbijedi, Npl. ehbi, Apl. ehbis,
Ntpl. ehbija, DLpl. ehbije, G adj. DL ehbijehi
holy kumezi(je)-: Nt kumezijẽ, Ntpl. kumezija (s. sacred)
/ Mil. mrκκasuwẽt(i)-: mrκκasuwẽti
horse esb(e)-: AblI esbedi, G adj. N esbehi
horseman esbẽt(i)-: DLpl. esbẽte
hostile trbbele/i-: Collpl. trbbala
house tama-: N tama, A tamã/tãmã, Apl. tamas
household prñneze/i-: N/L prñnezi
household member prñnezi(je)-:D prñnezi, G adj. N/A/Npl. prñnezijehi
how(ever) many km̃ mẽt(i)-: Nt km̃ mẽ, Npl. km̃ mẽti, Apl. km̃ mẽtis
 / Mil. km̃ mẽti
I ẽmu/amu, D emu = Mil. ẽmu
if ẽ = Mil. ẽ
in-law (husband) laϑϑe/i-: Npl. laϑϑi
in(side)/into ñte = Mil. ñte
inflict, to xba-: 3rd pl. xbati
in front pri
inscribe, to pu-: 3rd pret. pude/pudẽ, 3rd pl. pret. puñtẽ
install, to m̃ m(e)ije-: 3rd m̃ m(e)ijeti
internal Mil. ñteli(je)-: Ntpl. ñtelija
irrigate, to xba(i)-: 3rd pl. pret. xbaitẽ
judge maraza-: N maraza
king xñtawat(i)-: N/D xñtawati, AblI xñtawatedi,
G adj. N/Npl. xñtawatehi, Ntpl. xñtawataha
kingship xñtawata-: A xñtawatã, L xñtawata, G adj. L xñtawatahi
/ Mil. xñtaba-: A xñtabã/xñtabu, G adj. xñtabasi;
xñtawaza-: N xñtawaza
knight (s. horseman)
lady (s. wife)
land section hrm̃ ma-: NA hrm̃ mã, Collpl. hrm̃ mada
later Mil. epre/i-: DL epri
law(s) NApl. mara, DLpl. mere = Mil. mara-: Apl. marãz, AblI meredi, D meri
lay out, to (in a tomb) alaha-: 3rd alahadi, 3rd pl. alahãti
league members Npl. itlehi
Leto G adj. A Leϑϑi
levy, to ep(e)i-: 3rd pl. pret. epeite
lie, to si-: 1st sixani, 3rd sijẽni/sitẽni
like ãka
likewise mẽ
local ebi(je)-: N/D ebi, Ntpl. ebija, G adj. N/D ebijehi
love, to asa-: 3rd asati
lower ẽtre/i-: A/D ẽtri, DLpl. ẽtre = Mil. ẽtre/i-: DLpl. ẽtre
Lycia Trm̃ mis-: N Trm̃ mis, A Trm̃ misñ
Lycian Trm̃ mile/i- (noun/adj.): N/D/Npl. Trm̃ mili, DLpl. Trm̃ mile;
Trm̃ mili(je)-: ergative pl. Trm̃ milijẽti, DLpl. Trm̃ milije, AblI Trm̃ milijedi
= Mil. Trm̃ mile/i-: Apl. Trm̃ miliz, Dpl. Trm̃ mile;
Trm̃ mili(je)-: Ntpl. Trm̃ milija, ergative pl. Trm̃ milijẽti
make, to (s. do)
maternal Mil. ẽnese/i-: N ẽnesi
mausoleum prñnawa-: A prñnawã/prñnawu, L prñnawi
might Mil. muwa-: Collpl. muwa
mighty Mil. mutale/i-: Ntpl. mutala
military camp (s. fort)
monthly offerings (a)rm̃ mazata (Ntpl.)
monument(s) NApl arawaziya, DLpl arawaziye, AblI arawaziyedi; erublija
Moon(god) arm̃ ma-: N Arm̃ ma
month nur(e)-: AblI nuredi
monument urublije-: NA urublijẽ, DLpl. urublije, AblI urublijedi
mother ẽne/i-: N/A/D ẽni, G adj. A ẽnehi
my ẽmi-: A ẽmi, Apl. ẽmis = Mil. ẽmi-: A ẽmi
naiad wedri(je)-: Npl. wedri (s. also nymph)
name adãma-: NApl. adãma
nephew/niece tuhe(s)-: N tuhes, A tuhesñ, D tuhesi, Npl. tuhẽi, DLpl. tuhe, AblI tuhedi
nine nuñtãta
no one Mil. ne-kike
not ne; (emphatic) nepe; (prohibitive) ni; (emph. prohib.) nipe = Mil. ne; ni; nike
nymph Elijãna-: DLpl. Elijãna / Mil. lije/a-: Npl. lijeiz/lijaiz
oath tesẽti/teseti (ergative pl.) (s. vow)
Oath-god Tesm̃ mi-; N Tesm̃ mi
offer, to ube-: 3rd ube, 3rd pret. ubete / Mil. pina-: 1st pinau, 3rd pinati;
 xra-: 1st xrau, 3rd xradi, 3rd pl. xrãti
offering uba-: A ubu; mla (Collpl.), Gpl. mlẽ
= Mil. mla-: A mlu; mle-: A mlẽ, Apl. mlez
offering stand xruwe/i-: N xruwi
offspring esedẽñnewe-: N esedẽñnewe, A esedẽñnewẽ, D esedẽñnewi
one’s own Mil. atrale/i-: Ntpl. atrala; prijelije- (?): Ntpl. prijelija, AblI prijelijedi
opposite ñtewẽ
or ebi; tibe / Mil. kibe
other (/another) kbi(je)-: A/D kbi, Nt kbi, Ntpl. kbija,
G adj. A kbijehi, Apl. kbijehis, AblI kbijehedi
overpower, to Mil. muwa-: 3rd muwati, 1st pret. muwaxã/muwaxa (s. defeat, to)
pact ite-: DL iti, G adj. NA itehi, DLpl. itehe
pair (s. twofold)
pasture weh- (?): A wehñ
pay, to ttl(e)i-: 3rd ttlidi, 3rd pl. ttleiti
payment standard tllaxñta (DLpl.)
peace ahata-: Ntpl. ahata; G adj. N ahatahi, D ehetehi, DLpl. ehetehe
/ Mil. esete/i-: DL eseti
+ of peace (adj.) esetese/i-: N esetesi
penalty tija-: Npl. tijãi
peninsula krzzãnase-: L krzzãnase
Persian Parz(z)a-: N Parza, DLpl. Parz(z)a
person atla-/atra-: A atrã/atru, D atli/etli, DLpl. atla, G adj. A atlahi/etlehi, D atlahi,
DLpl. atlahe / Mil. atla-/atra-: D atli, G adj. atlasi
place pddãt-: L pddãti, G adj. D pddãtahi; pddẽn-: NA pddẽ, DLpl. pddẽne
place, to (upright) tuwe-: 3rd tuweti, 3rd pl. tuwẽti, 1st pret. tuwax(a),
3rd pret. tuwete/tuwetẽ, 3rd imper. tuwetu,
iterative 3rd pl. tusñti
/ Mil. iterative tus-: 3rd tustti
portion parttala-: A parttalã
power (s. might)
precinct xale/i-: A xali (s. place)
present (s. gift)
present, to (s. bring)
priest kumaza-: N kumaza, A kumazã/kumazu, D kumazi, AblI kumazadi;
wasaza (N)
priesthood mahanahid-: D mahanahidi
proclaim, to Mil. erme-: 3rd pret. ermede
property ahñta-: Gpl. ahñtãi
protector Mil. zrẽtẽne/i-: N zrẽtẽni, Apl. zrẽtẽniz
put, to ta-: 3rd tadi, 3rd pl. tãti, 3rd pret. tadẽ, 3rd pl. pret. tãtẽ,
3rd pl. imper. tãtu, inf. tãne/tane; (iterative) 3rd pl. tasñti
= Mil. ta-: 3rd tadi
raise, to eri(je)-: 3rd erije, 3rd pret. erite; inf. erijeine/erijeina
rear (adj) epre/i-: Apl. epris
(reflexive) -ti
regulate, to Mil. xñtaba-: 3rd imper. xñtabatu
release, to ha-: 3rd hadi, 3rd pl. hãti, 3rd pret. hade, 3rd pl. pret. hãtẽ, 3rd imper. hadu
rite ara-: A arã, Collpl. ara
ritual offering tuwe/i-: DL tuwi
royal xñtawati(je)-: DLpl. xñtawatije
rule (s. kingship)
rule, to xñtawa-: 3rd pret. xñtawate/xñtewete
ruler (s. king)
ruling Mil. xñtabaime/i-: DL xñtabaimi
sacralize, to Mil. mrκκ- (?): 3rd mrκκdi
sacred kumehe/i-: NA kumehi, AblI kumehedi, Ntpl. kumaha (s. holy)
/ Mil. mrκκasuwẽt(i)-: mrκκasuwẽti
sacrifice Mil. xi-: xi
sacrifice (animal) axa-: A axã
sacrifice, to kumaza-: 3rd kumazati / Mil. xi-: iterative 3rd pret. xi[st]te
sacrificer axãt(i)-; axãtaza-: N axãti/axuti; axãtaza
sacrificial kumalihe-: DLpl. kumalihe
+ sacrificial offerings mla (Collpl.), Gpl. mlẽ
= Mil. mla-: A mlu; mle-: A mlẽ, Apl. mlez
sacrificial installation Mil. ñtemle- (?): G adj. ñtemlesi
sacrificial table Mil. laκre- (?): D laκri, NApl. laκra
Sanda (god) Hãta-; G Hãtahe
sarcophagus ñtipa-: N/L ñtipa
satrap xssadrapa-: N xssadrapa
self (s. person)
seize, to (s. take)
sell, to epirije-: 3rd epirijeti
set down, to nele-: 3rd pret. nelede
settlement nele-: L nele
sheep xawa-: A xawã (s. also cattle)
shekel sixla-: D sixli, Apl. sixlas, DLpl. sixla
sight: in sight of tewe ñte
sister nere/i-: A neri, DLpl. nere
sisterly Mil. neri(je)- (?): A neriu
slave xddaza-: Apl. xddazas
someone/-thing tike (N/A/Nt), D tdike / Mil. kike
son (s. child)
son-in-law side/i- (?): A/D sidi
Sparta Sppartalija-: G Sppartalijahe
Spartan Sppartaze/i-: A/Npl. Sppartazi
speech (s. tongue)
splendid Mil. pigese- (?): Ntpl. pigasa
stand, to stta-: 3rd sttati, 3rd pl. sttãti;
(close by) xuwa-: 3rd xuwati, participle N xuwama
statue tukedr(i)-: A tukedri, Apl. tukedris
stele sttala-: N sttala, A sttalã, L sttali
Storm-god Trqqñt-: N Trqqas, D Trqqñti
= Mil. Trqqñt-: N Trqqiz, D Trqqñti, G adj. Trqqñtasi, Ntpl. Trqqñtasa
strike, to tub(e)i-: 3rd tubidi, 3rd pl. tubeiti = Mil. tub(e)i-: 3rd tubidi
Sun(-god) Ddeweze-: G adj. N/D ddewezehi
supreme powers NApl. hriha
take, to app-: 3rd ap(p)di, 3rd pret. apptte
+ to take possession of epa-: 3rd pret. epatte
territory tere/τere-: A terñ/τerñ, L tere/τere / Mil. kere-: DL keri, DLpl. kere
their epttehe/i-/eb(e)ttehe/i-: N/D/Npl. ebttehi, Apl. ebttehis, DLpl. epttehe
thereafter epñte
this N ebe, A ebẽ/ebẽñnẽ/ebẽñni, NANt. ebẽ, Npl. ebẽi, Apl. ebei(je)s,
Ntpl. ebeija, Gpl. ebẽhẽ, DLpl. ebette, G adj. DL ebehi
/ Mil. nei- (?): A nei, Apl. neiz
three teri-: G terihe / Mil. trija (Ntpl.) (?)
threefold trppeme (?) (DLpl.) / Mil. trpplẽ
three-year-old trisñne/i-: A trisñni
thrice Mil. trisu
tomb xupa-: N xupa, A xupã/xupu, L xupa
tongue Mil. lele/i-: A leli
totality punãma-: AblI punãmadi
tributes zata (Collpl.) / Mil. klleime- (?): NApl. klleima, DLpl. klleime, AblI klleimedi
twelve qñnãkba / Mil. qñnãtba
twelve times Mil. qñnãtbisu
twenty kbisñtãta
twice kbihu / Mil. tbisu
twofold tupm̃ me-: DLpl. tupm̃ me / Mil. tbiplẽ
two-year old kbisñne/i-: A kbisñni
under ẽnẽ
until ẽkepi
up hri
upper hrzze/i-: A/L hrzzi, Nt hrzzẽ
(river) valley Mil. xbade-: Npl/Apl. xbadiz, Dpl. xbade, G adj. DL xbadasi, Apl. xbadasiz,
Ntpl. xbadasa, AblI xbadasadi
votive Mil. tuwije-: AblI tuwijedi
votive offerings xruwata (Collpl.) / Mil. tuwe/i-: Apl. tuwiz
vow tese-: L tesi, NApl. tasa, DLpl. tese
vow, to Mil. uwe/a- (?): 3rd uweti, 1st pret. uwaxa
worship, to kumez(e)i-: 3rd kumezidi, 3rd pl. kumezeiti; inf. kumezeine/kumezeini
war erbbe-: L erbbi, DLpl. erbbe, AblI erbbedi
= Mil. erbbe-: DL erbbi, G adj. N erbbesi
warrior zxxaza-: Gpl. zxxazãi, DLpl. zxxaza
+ of a warrior zxxazi(je)-: DLpl. zxxazije
when ẽke = Mil. ẽke; teri
where teli
which/who ti-: N/A/Nt ti, D tdi, Npl. ti, Ntpl. tija / Mil. ki
whole km̃ me/i-: Apl. km̃ mis, Ntpl. km̃ ma
wife lada-: N lada, A ladã/ladu, D ladi, Npl. ladãi, Apl. ladas, DLpl. lada
= Mil. lada-: A -ladã
write, to ppuwe-: 3rd pl. ppuwẽti
Xanthians Arñnãi (Npl.)
year uhe/i-: DL uhi, DLpl. uhe, G adj. N/DL uhahi
yearly tribute uhazata (Collpl.)
Zeus Zeus(i)-: D Zeusi
Examples of declensions
a-stems
N lada ‘wife, lady’ = Mil. -a (xñtawaza, masa)
(G → G adj. laϑϑi)
D ladi = Mil. -i (atli)
A ladã/ladu = Mil. ã/u (-ladã, pasbã/pasbu, mrssxã)
L *lada (s. xupa)
AblI *ladadi (s. kumazadi)
Npl. ladãi / Mil. -aiz (masaiz, lijaiz)
Gpl. *ladãi (s. lãtãi)
DLpl. *lade (s. xahbe)
Apl. ladas

e/i-stems
N tideimi ‘child’ = Mil. -i (zrẽtẽni)
D tideimi = Mil. -i (eseti)
A tideimi = Mil. -i (leli, ari)
L *tideime (s. tere)
AblI *tideimedi = Mil. -edi (klleimedi)
Npl. tideimi / Mil. -eiz (lijeiz)
Gpl. tideimẽ
DLpl. tideime = Mil. -e (ẽtre, Trm̃ mile)
Apl. tideimis / Mil. -iz (tuwiz, Trm̃ miliz, neiz, zrẽtẽniz)
ije-stems
N ehbi ‘his’
DL ehbi
A ehbi
AblI ehbijedi
NANt ehbijẽ
Npl. ehbi
DL ehbije
Apl. ehbis
Ntpl. ehbija

r-stems → i-stems
N/A/DL *huwedri / Mil. uwedri
Npl. huwedri / Mil. uwedriz
Apl. huwedris / Mil. *uwedriz (uwedris < Lycian)
Ntpl. Mil. uwadra

Nt (m)a-stems: NA hrm̃ mã, NApl. adãma,

e-stems without an i-mutation: N -e, D -i, A -ẽ, Npl. -ẽi, Apl. -es
/ Mil. A -ẽ (mlẽ, sukrẽ), DL -i (erbbi, keri, sukri), Npl. -iz (xbadiz); Dpl. -e (xbade, kere),
Apl. -ez (mlez)
n-stems (Nt): NA pddẽ, AblI -ẽnedi, DLpl. pddẽne,
u-stems (Milyan): A urtu, Apl. urtuz

Verbal endings
Present Preteritum Imperative
1st -u (M -xani) = u -xã/-xa(/-gã/-ga) (M -xagã) = -xã/-xa -lu (pijelu)
2nd -0 (pibi, slãma)
3rd (singular) -ti/-di/-e = -ti/-di -tẽ/-te/-dẽ/-de = -te/-de -(t)u = -tu
3rd pl. -̃ti (M -(t)ẽni) = -̃ti -̃tẽ/-̃te = -̃te -̃tu = -̃tu