1) Interference Drag

Interference drag is generated by the mixing of airflow streamlines between

airframe components. For example, the wing and the fuselage, or the landing gear
strut and the fuselage. As air flows around different aircraft components and
mixes, a localized shock wave is formed, creating a drag sum greater than the drag
that components would have by themselves.

2) Skin Friction Drag

Skin friction drag is the result of the aircraft's surface being rough. Olympic
swimmers wear swim caps on their heads, so hair doesn't create extra drag and they
can swim faster through the water. This same principle can be applied to most
aircraft, where a smooth skin reduces skin friction drag, improving performance and
fuel efficiency

3) Form Drag
Form drag is the result of an object's general shape in relation to the relative
wind. Have you ever stuck your hand out the window of the car, first tilting it
flat, and then vertical, into the wind? When your hand is horizontal like an
airfoil, it's easy to stick outside the window. But when you open your hand into
the wind, your hand flies backwards, and requires a lot more force to hold it
position. That's the easiest way to understand form drag.

4) Induced Drag
As the air (and vortices) roll off the back of your wing, they angle down, which is
known as downwash. Downwash points the relative wind downward, so the more downwash
you have, the more your relative wind points downward. That's important for one
very good reason: lift is always perpendicular to the relative wind.

Check out the diagram below. You can see that when you have less downwash, your
lift vector is more vertical, opposing gravity. When you have more downwash, your
lift vector points back more, causing induced drag. On top of that, it takes energy
for your wings to create downwash and vortices, and that energy creates drag.

As you get close to the ground, your downwash is reduced and your vortices are
reduced, which means your induced drag is reduced as well.

5) Flying Supersonic? You'll Get Wave Drag.

Wave drag is caused by the formation of shock waves around the aircraft in transoni
or supersonic flight. As air flows from the supersonic region in front of the
shockwave, to the subsonic region behind the shockwave, it separates and becomes
turbulent. As the shockwave becomes stronger, more airflow separation occurs, known
as wave drag.