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Answers to
Cambridge Checkpoint Science
Workbook I
You may award one mark for each answer or part of an answer.
Signs of life
2 a) 3
b) Feeding – rabbit is eating grass; sensitivity – ears face a sound and the rabbit stops eating;
movement – the rabbit hops away.
Animal life
3 a) Examples could include a crab or lobster.
b) Shed it (moult).
c) It is softer.
d) It takes in water to stretch it.
e) Gills.
Plant life
4 a) Reproduction.
b) Movement and growth.
c) Light, carbon dioxide, water, small amounts of chemicals in the soil.
Respiration
6 glucose + oxygen ➔ carbon dioxide + water
Movement
7 a) Muscles.
b) To find food, avoid enemies, find shelter.
c) Pump blood around the body.
d) Churn up food to help it digest.
Irritability
8 Skin – touch; eyes – sight; ears – hearing; nose – smell; tongue – taste.
Excretion
10 a) Urine, sweat, air we breathe out.
b) inhaled air breathe exhaled air
passes through in and out passes through
this tube gently here this tube
limewater
c) Limewater.
d) Limewater changes from clear to cloudy or milky.
e) Respiration.
c) Make food.
d) The flower.
e) The stem.
f) Help grip other supports to hold up a weak stem.
4 The action of one muscle produces an opposite effect to the other muscle and causes movement in the
opposite direction.
Circulatory system
5 a) 3, 1, 4, 2
b) A throbbing sensation or artery.
Respiratory system
6 a)
Age in years Breaths per minute
0 30
3 25
6 20
18 15
24 15
b) 30
25
20
Breaths per minute
15
10
0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Age/years
Digestive system
7 a) Salivary gland, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
b) Abdomen.
c) Stomach.
Nervous system
8 a) Brain.
b) Spinal cord.
c) Electrical.
Excretory system
9 a)
kidney
ureter
bladder
Sensory system
10 a) Nose, ear, skin, eyes.
b) To provide information about your surroundings.
Endocrine system
11 a) Glands.
b) Insulin.
c) Diabetes.
d) By taking extra insulin into the body.
3 Cells
The microscope
1 a) A sunless part of the sky.
b) Directly from the Sun.
c) The lowest power objective lens.
d) Stage clips.
e) Is in the centre of the hole on the stage.
f) Moves away from the specimen on the slide.
2 Numbers 4, 5, 2, 1, 3.
Looking at cells
3 a)
cell wall
cell membrane
vacuole
chloroplast
cytoplasm
nucleus
4 a) DNA.
b) In the nucleus.
c) Genetic material.
d) It gives an organism its features.
5 a)
Time in hours Number of cells
0 8
1 16
2 32
3 64
4 128
b) The number of cells doubles every hour.
c) 256
Adaptations in cells
6 a)
nucleus
phagocyte
11 a) An organ system is a group of organs that perform a vital task in the survival of the body.
b) An organism is formed from all the organs and organs systems that make up a body.
4 Microorganisms
The fungi kingdom
1 Heat, cold and dry conditions.
2 D, B, C, A
3 a) 50
45
40
35
30
Height of froth/mm
25
20
15
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Temperature of sample/°C
b) Used the same amount of yeast, sugar and water to make each sample.
c) Carbon dioxide.
d) Respiration.
e) The sample at 0 °C was still alive at that temperature and started respiring when the temperature
rose. The sample at 50 °C had been killed at that temperature and so could not respire at a lower
temperature.
5 a) Any two from: diphtheria, whooping cough, cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis, food poisoning.
b) Examples could include yoghurt or cheese.
Viruses
8 Virus sticks to cell – 1; virus enters cell – 2; protein coat breaks down – 3; DNA released – 4; DNA
reproduces – 5; protein coat forms around DNA – 6; cell wall breaks down – 7.
9 Any two from: the common cold, influenza, chicken pox, measles, rabies, AIDS.
Decomposer
10 a) Bacteria and fungi.
b) Minerals.
c) The plants take up minerals in the soil water and use them to grow.
Food chains
3 a) Plant ➔ snail ➔ shrew ➔ hawk.
b) The plant.
c) An animal that eats only plants.
d) The snail.
e) No. An omnivore is an animal that eats both plants and animals. The food chain only shows the
animals to be either herbivores or carnivores.
Biodiversity
4 a) The number of individuals of the species of moth in the habitat.
b) Checking the level of the population by comparing the numbers he has counted at the site.
5 a) wood cover
pebbles
yoghurt pot
ground
b) The cover.
c) The smooth walls of the yoghurt pot do not let them climb out.
d) The beetle and centipede have fallen into the trap and the centipede has eaten the beetle.
e) 30
Number of individuals
20
10
0
gs
les
rs
ail
ts
e
slu
et
id
sn
an
be
sp
Species
6 a) Rock pool 1.
b) (i) It goes down.
(ii) It goes up.
c) (i) Mussels.
(ii) The numbers are greatly reduced where starfish are found. The numbers of the other animals do
not change.
d) (i) They cannot survive the drier conditions.
(ii) They have eaten all the mussels.
e) Quadrat.
Adaptations
7 a) (i) A and B
(ii) A and D
(iii) B and C
b) B
c) D
d) C
8 Darkness.
9 Aestivation is when animals rest (sleep) for a time in a hot dry season. Hibernation is when animals rest
(sleep) for a time in cold winter conditions.
5 Examples could include break in an oil pipe, oil spillage from a tanker that has run aground.
7 a) Oxygen.
b) It screens out harmful rays from the Sun.
c) Over the North and South Poles.
d) CFCs in fridges, air conditioning and aerosol sprays.
e) The governments in 196 countries have agreed to reduce their use.
Vertebrates
3 a) Order, family, genus, species.
b) Species.
Variation
5
6 a) 11
10
9
Mass/g
6
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Months
b) The mass decreases early in the year then builds up in the latter part of autumn then decreases again
through the winter.
c) Small.
d) A bat. It builds up a food store in its body, which it uses up during hibernation.
e) Continuous.
f) The environment.
2 a) box a should be packed with circles touching or almost touching each other.
box B should contain very few particles with plenty of space between them.
b) They slide over each other.
8 a) A solute is a solid that dissolves in a solvent. A solvent is a liquid that dissolves the solute.
b) In the gaps between the liquid particles.
b) oxygen, nitrogen.
c) Metals usually have shiny surfaces.
3 Carbon – barbecue charcoal; chlorine – keeping swimming pools water clean; iodine – portable water
purifying kits; phosphorus – matches; sulfur – car tyres.
Metal alloys
4 Bronze – copper and tin – bells; brass – copper and zinc – ornaments; steel – iron and carbon – car bodies.
15
% increase in mass
10
0
A B C D
Cloths
c) C, A, B, D.
d) He could have used samples of cloth that all had a mass of 100 g.
9 a) B
b) C
c) 40
30
Temperature/°C
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Time/min
d) 7.4 minutes.
Acids
2 methanoic – nettles; citric – lemon; lactic – exercising muscles; tartaric – grape; hydrochloric – mammal
stomach.
Alkalis
3 a) Because they can burn the skin.
b) Alkalis.
The pH scale
5 Litmus – red – blue; Methyl orange – pink – yellow; phenolphthalein – colourless – pink.
6 a) X is on 7.
b) The circle is around 0–2.
c) The circle is around 8–11.
Neutralisation
7 acid + akali ➔ salt + water
9 sodium hydrogen carbonate + hydrochloric acid ➔ sodium chloride + carbon dioxide + water
12 a) It contains two solids, which will only react together when they dissolve in water.
b) Carbon dioxide, which makes the texture light.
Acid rain
13 a) East and south east.
b) South west and west.
c) The south west, since all the recordings were 6, which is slightly acid. No other direction had as
many readings of 6.
d) Recording event 4, north east contaminated with acid and recording event 8, north west
contaminated with alkali.
Types of rock
6 a)
Rock Igneous Sedimentary Small crystals Large crystals Rock fragments Shells
sandstone ✔ ✔
granite ✔ ✔
limestone ✔ ✔
basalt ✔ ✔
chalk ✔ ✔
b) Metamorphic.
c) Limestone.
d) It is heated and squashed in the Earth’s crust.
7 D, C, A, B, E
Soil
10 Weathering.
11
litter layer
topsoil
subsoil
lumps of
bedrock bedrock
13 a)
water
soil
glass wool
measuring cylinder
b) Same amount of soil; allowed to drain for the same amount of time; same amount of glass wool in funnel.
c) A – clay, B – rocky, C – sandy.
14 a) 8.0
7.5
L
L
7.0
W
6.5
pH
C
6.0
5.5 P
P
5.0 H H
4.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Stations
b) It increased.
c) It decreased.
d) See graph in answer a.
e) Each plant type grows in a soil of a certain pH.
f) Station 9 wild onion; station 10 lilac.
3 Sedimentary.
5 Minerals.
6 a) Cambrian.
b) Quaternary.
c) Carboniferous.
d) Jurassic.
e) Cretaceous.
9 a) 20
Number of groups
15
10
0
Pc C O S D Ca P T J
Time period
11 a) 250 g.
b) 125 g.
c) 16 million years old.
13 Measurements
Fooling our senses
1 Dots appear in the gaps between the squares and seem to move as you move your eyes.
7
Time to fall/seconds
0
A B C D
Parachute
This gives the students a chance to produce their own graph, which should be of a size that fills most of the
paper available. Make sure they have labelled the axes and given the chart a title.
Accuracy of measurements
5 From directly in front.
3 Tension.
6 a) Su Lin.
b) Less water will be moved out of the way and the water between the tyre and road will reduce
friction.
9 The weight is due to the gravitational field strength (pull) of the Earth or the Moon and the gravitational
pull of the Moon is only a sixth of the gravitational pull of the Earth.
30
Extension/cm
20
10
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Mass/kg
15 Energy
What is energy?
1 Energy is a property of something, that can exist in different forms and can make something exert a
force or do work.
Forms of energy
2 a) Chemical energy.
b) Gravitational potential energy.
c) Strain energy.
3 a) Chemical energy.
b) Gravitational potential energy.
c) Strain energy.
d) At the top of the dive when she is highest in the air.
4 a) 30
20
15
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Distance band pulled back/cm
b) The further the band is pulled back, the further the ball travels.
c) The greater the stored energy in the band, the further the ball travelled. Pulling the band back further
increases its stored energy.
d) They do not seem to be very accurate as they do not show the pattern clearly. The line is wobbly
instead of straight.
e) She could repeat them, taking more care over her measurements.
f) The elastic band broke.
5 It moves.
7 Electrical energy is the movement of electrical charges through a conductor. Electromagnetic energy is
electrical energy that travels in the form of electromagnetic waves.
Energy changes
9 It changes from electromagnetic energy in light into stored, chemical energy in the food in the leaf.
Fuel
11 a) D, C, E, B, A
b) Coal.
c) Oil and methane gas.
d) Tiny plants and animals that lived and died in the upper waters of ancient seas; dead plankton.
12 a) Use the same mass of each fuel, the same mass of water; have the pans the same distance above the
fuels; make sure the air is still around both barbecues; hold the thermometer in the same position in
both pans when taking the temperature.
b) 100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
Water temperature/°C
Water temperature/°C
50 50
40 40
30 30
Charcoal Briquettes
20 20
10 10
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time/min Time/min
c) (i) The temperature rises quickly, stays high for a short time then falls quickly.
(ii) The temperature rises slowly and remains high for longer and starts to cool down more slowly.
d) The charcoal releases its energy as heat faster than the briquettes but releases less energy than the
briquettes later in the investigation.
16 Energy transfers
Energy transfers and transformations
1 Examples might include beating heart, movement of intestines, blinking of eye, movement of ribs in
breathing.
2 a) (i) 20 joules.
(ii) 60 joules.
b) (i) 3200 joules.
(ii) 9600 joules.
(iii) 12 800 joules.
(iv) 2 250 000 joules.
(v) 2250 kJ.
5 a) C, A, G, B, E, D, F
b) The more strain energy in the balloon the greater the distance the balloon will travel.
c) They match the prediction because the balloon with the greater circumference has the greater strain
energy and it travels the greater distance.
6 a) and b)
a) Car A
Energy in Kinetic energy 50 kJ
fuel 200 kJ
Waste
heat
energy
150 kJ
b) Car B
Waste heat
energy
100 kJ
c) B
7 23% – makes water circulate in the water cycle; 47 % – absorbed by the atmosphere; 0.02 % used by
plants in photosynthesis; 30 % reflected back into space; less than 1 % – produces winds and currents.
Generating electricity
10 a) Kinetic energy of wheel dynamo electrical energy.
b) Kinetic energy in steam.
Conservation of energy
11 In any energy change some energy is lost as heat. Energy is always conserved.
4 a) 154
153
152
Distance from Sun/millions of km
151
150
149
148
147
146
Ja M Ju Jy S D
Month
Bright stars
7 a) 3 000 – red; 4000 – orange; 6000 – yellow; 11 000 – white; 25 000 – blue
b) 6000 °C.
The Moon
8 E, C, B, D, A
Asteroids
11 a) Asteroid belt, Kuiper Belt, Ort Cloud.
b) Kuiper belt.
c) Ort Cloud.