To the sludent

How do you learn a language? There is no easyanswerto this question. Peoplelearn

languagesin many different ways. The lnlrorriliolrg series starts from the basisof natural
conversationspeople haveevery day,then teachesyou the languageyou need to havesimilar
conversationsin English.

To make this processas interesting,motivating,and productive as possible,the Innoilttllcnc

series:

. containsnumerousexamplesof the way grammarand vocabularyare naturallyused.

You can learn a lot of usefulvocabularyfrom good grammar exercises,and good
vocabularyactivitieswill give you practicewith the grammarof English.
. introducesyou to many new featuresof spokengrammar and usefulidiomaticlanguage,
followed by opportunitiesto practisethem in meaningfulcontexts.
. givingyou plenty to talk - and
includesreadingtexts that are intriguingand challenging,
-
think about.
. features'Learneradvice'pages,which will help you study better.

We hope you find lmcrrriloltt as fun and interestingto learn from as we did to write!

Acknowledgements

The authors and publishers would like to thank the following teachers for their valuable input
on this material at various stages during production:

David Frank Barnes,TheBritish Instituteof Florence;RichardBooker,Schoolof Professional

and Continuing
Education,Universityof Hong Kong;MichaelBowles,The British CouncihJohnCargill,TheBritish Councih
Alex Chevrolle,EF EnglishFirst ;JoseOlavo de Amorim, Col6gio Bandeirantes;Audrey Don, Universidad
LatinadeAmerica;JohnEaglesham, British Schoolof Milan;FrankFarmer,Universidadde Quintana Roo,
Unidad Cozumel;KirstenHolt, St Giles Eastbourne;Pamela Humphreys,The British CouncihMaria Helena
Primon lema,SociedadeBrasileirade Cultura InglesaSdo Paulo;BelginOgrek, Ozel Florya Koleji;Guy
Perring,TheBritish CouncihMark Rendell,EF EnglishFirst;Mark Rossiter,American Universityof Dubai;
Andre Joao Rypl,Cultura lnglesaPorto Alegre.

In additionto those atThomson,and in particularJimmie,Andrew would like to thank Harry and Shirley
Macu for her love and support,and Harry Dancey
Walkley for beinggreat parentsand true internationalists,
- a good friend made through teaching.

Hugh Dellar has taught EFL,ESPand EAP in Indonesiaand Britain,where he is now a teacher and teacher-
trainer at the University of Westminsten London. He trains both native-speakerand non-nativespeaker
teachers.He has also givenpapersand teacher developmentworkshops all over the world. He would like to
thank the following people:Lisa- for just beingthere;his mum and dad,JulianSavage, Maud Dunkeld, Andy
Fairhurst,Nick Groom, Carole Patilla,SallyDalzell,Nick Barrett,Darryl Hocking,AndrewWalkley,Rob
Batstone,lvor Timmis,ScottThornbury,ChrisWenger,Howard Middle,StuartTipping,MichaelLewis and
JimmieHill for their help,support,inspirationand enthusiasmover the yearsandThierry Henry,Patrick
Viera,Robert Pires,Curtis Mayfield,PharoahSanders,lain SinclairandWong Kar-Wei for bringingbeautyand
joy to my rare moments of free time and for helpingme get through!!

Darryl Hocking is a teacher and teacher-trainerin both ESOLand EABas well as a lecturer in art and
design,atAuckland University of Technology,New Zealand.He specialisesin developingacademicliteracies
programmesin art and designand has also worked in this area at Goldsmiths,Universityof London.He
would like to thank Rosemary,Luciaand lsaac.
 Conlents
Unit I Listening:
The Brother from Hell! l0
Using Grommor
Modifierszvery,reolly,o
bit... g
Tolking oboul Reoding: Present tenses: l'm o journolistMy dod'sworkingin Monchester. l3
people F u l l - t i m Jeo b ! l2
UsingVocobulory
Describing people: good-looking,
a bit dull ... g
Adjectives - positive or negative: tidy,messy... ||

Unit 2 Reoding:
Surprisefor Jailbird
Dad 14
Using Grammor
Comparatives: not os ... os ... t6
Friendr ernd Comparing the present with the past:
relolives 14 It wosn'tos hot os the lost time ... t5
UsingVocabulory
ldioms focus: like o houseon fire,
Body idioms: coston orm ond a leg,keepo stroightfoce... |5
Phrasal verbs with up: fill up, cheerup,mix up ... 17
Talking about disasters: Everyone's
been evacuated.
... Ig
Giving bad news: Oh, haven'tyou heord?... |9

Unit 3 Listening:
SoWhat ShallWeDo
Tonight? 22
Using Grommar
Agreeing?,me too,me neither... 23
Your Auxiliary verb practice: so do l, neitherom I ... 23
inleresls Reoding;
26 UsingYocabulory
AreYou a BagPerson? 74
Free timez goingto see bonds,eotingout ... 20
Expressions of frequency: not os often os I usedtq
how oftendo you ... 2l
How- questionsz how much,how long... Zl
Expressions of (dis)interese not reollykeen,I reoilyloveit ... 23
ldioms focus: not my cup of teo, rightup your street . .. ZS
Expressions with thingz the thingis,for one thing... Zs

Unit 4 Reoding:
lt's a Man'sWorld? 28
Using Grommar
The -ing form as a verb: He spendsoll his freetime singing.... 26
Unusuol The -ing form as a noun z Mountoineering con be pretty dongerous.
. .. 26
inleresls ZO Would and 'd: I wouldif I could.I'd quitefiketo. ... 3|
Using Vocabulory
Yiofent or dangerous sports: boxing,bungeejumping... 30

Revlew: Units l-4 32

Unit 5 Listening;
Forty a Day! 40
Using Grommor
Giving explanations with the past perfect continuous:
I hodn't been getting on with my flatmotes,so I just decidedr needed
Big decisions
a placeof my own.... 37
Second conditionals: lf I hod o job like that,t'd go crozy.... 39
Likely or unlikely (conditionals): lf I possmy exom.
lf I won o lot of money... 39
Using Yocobulary
Tough decisions: decidingro get morried,decidingto chongejobs. .. 36
Expressions: Whot o nightmore, 36
ldioms focus: pieceof cake,nothingto it .. . 37
Taf king about jobs: surgeon,mechonk,builder... 3g
Decisions: wise,wrong... 39
How come? How come you'releovingeorty?... 4l

4
ll Or ,tJ Reoding Using Grommar
UNTT O The Cost of a Cigarette 43 Gerunds and infinitives: I cleorlyrememberpostingyour lener.
I must rememberto post your letter.... 46
ftying 42
Using Vocobulory
Ffying vocabularyz o boordingcard,an eight-hourflight ... 44
Adjectives - strong comparatives: much worse,much nicer... 45
enormous...
Strong adiectives: disgustlng, 45
Smoking: o choinsmoker,o heovysmoker... 47

Unit 7 Listening
Thank Goodnesslt's
Friday!
Using Grammor
Four difrerent future forms:
present simple
'll going
I to / present continuous /
49
Your weekend
More ways of talking about the futurez I've gogl'm supposedto,
I mightbe ... 5I

UsingVocobulory
Typicaf weekend activities: go out for o wokhove peopleround ... 48
Collocations with gozl'm goingon o dote... 52
ldioms focus: No rest for the wicked... 53

Unit 8 Reoding
Raveto the Grave 56
UsingYocobulory
Parties: o dinnerporty,o birthdoyporty... 54
Porty onimcrls 54 Party collocations: breokup o party,goteuosh o porty... 54
Party politics: left-wing, ...
right-wing 58
Talking about the law: introduce o low,tighten
o low ... 58

lp,vlc,wc Unlts 5-8 60

Unit 9 Listening:
The Worst Disco in
Town! 66
Using Grommor
Responding with auxiliary verbs: Oh,didyou?Oh,hoveyou?... 67
Not untiL' I didn't getin untilthree.... 68
Losl nighr 64
Linking ideas: lt wos so loud,I couldhardlyheor myselfthink.... 69

Using Yocobulary
Lifestyle activities: I went to my eveningcloss.... 64
Colfocations with gefi get up,getsomemoney... 65
Problem words: chotltokwoshlwosh-up... 65

Unit rO Reoding
ls She ReallyGoing
Out with Him? 72
Using Grommor
Appearances: looks(adj),lookslike o (n),looksos if (clause)...
Expressions with modals: I could'vetold you thot
70

lelotionships 70
You might soy thot ogoin! ... 74

Using Yocabulory
Descriptive adjectives: musculor,moture... 7|
I bet: I bet het studyingcomputing.... 7|
Chat-up lines: Do you comehereoften?... 7l
Stages of a relationship engaged,manied, separated ... 73
Iend to: Men tend to eot more junk food thon women.... 75
 Unit ll Listening
Hair Today,
Gone Tomorrow! 76
Using Grommor
-ing clauses.' I wosjust stondingthere,mindingmy own business.... 19
Telling slories 76 UsingYocobulary
Reoding:
Hairstyfes: She'sgot curlyhoir.... 77
SpiderWoman
Sfang: Het o reollynicebloke.... T7
Different kinds of storieszbedtime story,thesomeold story .. . 78
Storytellingexpressions: You'rejoking.Reolly?... 7g
ldiomatic comparisons: like clockwork,likeo log ... gl
Exaggerating using idioms: I'm dyingfor o coffee.... I I

Unit 12 Reoding
Home Alone
Urban Myths
83
87
Using Grammor
Past simple and past continuous: I resignedfrom my job on
Fridoy.. . I wos livingin ltoly when ... 84
Difficuh ro
believe 82 Being vague: ... or something, ... -ish ...
... or onythifrg, 86
UsingVocobulary
On the woy: As I woson my woy bockfrom France... 85
Travel words: tip,tour, journey... 85

Review: Units 9-12 88

Unit 13 Listening:
LongTime,No See! 93
Using Grommor
Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous:
Old friends 92 Reoding Where on eorth hoveyou been?I've beenwaitingfor on hour.... 94
Long Lost Friends 96 Adverbs with the present perfect: I've neverbeento Siberio.... 94
Present perfect collocations: l've beentrovelling.
... 94
I wish (with past perfect): I wish lU oskedfor her oddress.... 94
Using Yocobulary
Expressions with pointz get the poin[ see the point,mokeo point... 95

Unit l4 Reoding
Art Attack 100
Using Grommar
Relative clauses: I went to thot new Motisse exhibition,whichwos
reollynice....
Art 98 102
UsingYocabulary
Recommending: Youshouldgo ond seeit ... 99
Describing paintingsz portroiglondscape,st/llife ... 99
Oh,thot reminds me! Oh,thot remindsme! I must phone
my mum tonighL... 102

Unir 15 Listening
Not Exactly
Shakespeare! | 06
Using Grommor
Conjunctions: olthough,considering,in
spiteof ... 105
Negative questionsz Don'tyou likecheese?... 107
Describing
things ldioms focus: deod tired,brondnew... 107
104
Comparing: lt wos o bit like... but not os good.... | 08
/l4ust for guessing: Oh,thot must'vebeenwonderful.... 109

5
Unit 16 Reoding
TV Robocop:
NotViolent Enough
Using Grammor
Past perfect simple:TheW versionhad beencensored.
... | |3

Film crnd Mixed conditionals: lf it hodn't beenfor him,l would never

forViewers I 12
hovegone.... | |5
television I l0
Using Vocabulory
Fifm types: sci.-f,onimoted, ...
blockbuster I l0
Asking questions about films: Who'sin it? ... |||
Film vocabulary: bonned,dubbed,direaor... lll
...
Tefevision vocabulary: series,chonnel,digitol I 14
Audiences: spectotors, fans...
congregotion, I 14

Reviewr Units 13-16 il6

Unit 17 Listening
More Sleeping
Policemen l2l
Using Grommar
Second conditionals for making suggestions: lt'd be better
if the shopsstoyedopen loter.... 122
G or s ond c i l i e s 120
The passive: fhe bonk hos beenturned into o videoshop.... 124
ldioms focus: black sheep,wild goosechose... | 25

Using Yocabulory
Personal opinions: personolly,os for as l'm concerned
... | 23
...
Talking about cities: innercity,shontytowns,industrial 124

Unit 18 Reoding
A Sticky Problem 126
Using Grommor
Was/were going toz l thoughtit wos goingto be the holidayof
o lifetime... | 28
Annoying
Using Yocabulory
things 176
Phrasaf verbs: put up with,go on obout ... 127
Complaining about things: to top the wholethingoff,
the lost thingI need... 129
Expressions with bother: Sorryto botheryou ... |3I
ldioms focus: a Cotch22 siuation,the tip of the iceberg... |3|

Unit l9 Listening
Now You're Talking! 133
Using Grommor
Starting with whotzWhot I reallyneedto do is ... 134

Y our f ulur e 1 3 2 Reoding: lf expressions (to talk about future plans):

lf oll goeswell... ''37
Economicalwith
theTruth! | 36
Using Yocabulary
Plans for the future: woit ond see,cont reallysoy... 134
Collocations: my own county,whereI grewup ... 135

unir 20 Reoding:
We Can Work lt
Out. 139
Using Grommor
Future continuous: l'llbe meetingmy bossnext week.... 143

lhe world of Using Yocobulory

work 138 V(ork or job? hord work,o dirty job ... 140
Questions about work: How are thingsatwork? ... l4l
The ideaf boss (describing your boss)z opproochoble,
...
domineering 142

Review: Units l7-2O t44

Tapescript t48
Grommor lntroduction t57
Grommor Commentory t59
Expression Organiser t67
 Describingpeople
Think of three people you know - friends or family. Write their initials besidethree of the
adiectivesor expressionsbelow. Then tell a partner about your choices.
Tick the six adiectivesor expressionswhich best describe you. Then describe yoursetfto
your partnen

Age Hair Height Personality

young fair quite tall amusing
in his/hertwenties darkish a bit on the short side a bit dull
quite elderly completelywhite conservative
youngerthan (s)he looks Other warm
going grey
lazy narrow-minded
older than (s)he looks losinghis hair
independent
almost bald hard-working
fun
Looks bad-tempered
a bit of a workaholic
good-looking easy-going
Weight religious
not very good-looking friendly
a bit thin musical
moody sPorty
overweight
energetic creative
on the plump side
a bit of a fitnessfanatic very political
a good senseof humour

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.

f . When you're speakingyour own 2. What featuresof a person's 3. Are you happywith your own
language,
which adjectivesdo you appearancedo you usuallynotice appearance?Why/why notl
use most to describepeople? firstl

f, t-isten to the descriptionsof fenny,Nick, Matt, and Kirsty. Decide who's who. Then work
t7 in pairs,
trying to remember as much as you can from the descriptionsyou heard.

3.

8
 1 Talkingaboutpeople

Usirtg grarrrrrBr Speaking

Do you agree with these statements?
Modifiers
l. Jeansare a bit old-fashioned nowadays.
The words used before adjectives or nouns to 2. Tattoos are reallycool.
md<e a comment strongeri weaker, or more 3. Body-piercing is a bit too riskyfor me!
ecceptable are called modifiers. Add adjectives 4. Surfingthe net can be a bit of a bore.
in the spaces to talk about people you know. 5. Long hair is very attractive.
6. Vegetarianscan be a bit of a pain in the neck.
l. verylreolly + adiective
7. Alcohol is very dangerous.
She'svery nice. He's reallybossy. 8. Parentscan be a bit too protective.
I've got a friend who can be very . . . . at times,
but usuallyshet really. . . .
2. guite+ adjective Reell Englisht a painin the neck
He'squite creative- he paintsand draws. lf someoneis a pain in the neck,they are very
My father'squite annoying.You can also use it about a situation.
My teachercan be quite . . . . sometimes. Porking'sbecomeobsolutelyimpossiblein the town
centre.lt's o reol poin in the neck.
3 . o bit + negativeadjective
He'sa bit boring. She'sa bit immature.
I hav et o adm i t,I c a n b e a b i t . ... s o m eti mes.
4. o bit of o + negativenoun
Shes a bit of a moaner.He'sa bit of a workaholic.
My mum/dad isa bitof a ....
5 . o bit too + positiveadjective
She'sa bit too nice,if you know whar I mean.
I've got a friend who's very .
In fact,I think he'sa bit too

Tell your partner as much as you can about what

you have written.

For more information on modifiers,see G l.

Pronunciation
Friendsand relatives
A Listen to the stress and intonation of these
I l'.r.-ples. Do you say the following in your language?

Itl quite exoensive. A friend of a friend is a friend.

(This meansit's expensive, A friend of an enemyis an enemy.
but not too expensive.)
An enemyof a friend is an enemy.
It's quite expensive.
An enemyof an enemyis a friend.
(This meansyou think it reallyis expensive.)

Check you understand these useful expressions

ff t:sten to these examples. Each is said in two for talking about your friends and relatives.
I d aif.rent ways. Then try saying them yourself,
so that the difference is clear. l. I don't reallyknow John Baker.I only know him by
sight.
l. I live quite near the office.
2. Mary'san old girlfriendof mine.
2. She'squite nice.
3. We're old schoolfriends.
3. He'squite a good cook.
4. We're quite h"ppy with the colour. 4. He's her ex.
5. He's quite friendly. 5. This is my parrner^,Jean.
6. I think they're quite conservative. 6. Bill'sjust an acquaintance.
I don't reallyknow him
7. The weather was quite good. that well.
8. lt's quite interesting. 7. She'smy sister-in-law.
8. I don't know rhem,but I know of them.
9. I'm his godson.
I 10. My sisterand I are reallyclose.

Are there people in your life who fit the above

descriptions?Who and what are they?Tell a
partner about them.
 1 Talkingaboutpeople
Lls'ier!
irr
Tell a partner as much as
you can about your family.
A Simon and Melanie work
| ? in the same office. Simon's
popped in to Melanie's house
after work for a cup of tea.
As you listen to their
conversation, try to answer
these questions.
l. Do Melanieand Simonhaveany
brothers and sisters?
2. Do Melanieand Simonget on
well with the other membersof
their families?
Listen again and try to fill in
the gaps in the conversation
in the next column.
Speaking
Discuss these questions with a
partner.
l . M elaniet hink sh e r m u m i s a b i t
too nice.ls it oossibleto be too
nicel Do you know anyonelike
that?
2. Melanieis an only child.Do you
know any only childrenlWhich
would you prefer:to be an only
child or to be one of ten or
eleven?
3. Do you know anyonewho
comes from a really big family?
How many brothers and sisters
did your parentshavelWhat
about their parents?
10
The Brotherfrom Hell!
Melanie: I can't remember. Do you take milkl
Simon: Please,but no sugar.Thanks.lt's weird, you know, but I've been to
your house ( l) . . . , and I still haven't met your parents.
Melanie: Yes,they're out a lot. My dad works for the BBC and my mum's a,
she does sort of (2) ... work for a company. You
know,like an advertisingagency.They're both really busy.
Simon: Oh, they sound really interesting.
Melanie: Do you think so? | find my dad (3) .. . dull,to be honest.
He works late every day,even works some weekends, doesn't read,
d o e s n t g oo u t .l m e a n , d o n t( 4 ) . . . ......,he's
(5) ... nice,but I don't know, I just don't haveanything
to say to him. I think (6) . . . , we just don't spend
enough time together.
Simon: How old is he, then?
Melanie: About fifty-five,I think. I can never really remember.
Simon: Oh, yeah.
Melanie: But my mum's lovely.She's(7) ..., a bit too nice
though, sometimes,alwaystrying to look after me. She worries
about me leavinghome. She's(8) . . . over-protective,if
you know what I mean.I'm an (9) . . . , SO...
Simon: Oh, I didn't know that.
Melanie: What? You mean you can't tell!
Simon: I dont know. I've never thought about it, I suppose.
Melanie: So,what about you? Have you tot any brothers or sisters yourself?
Simon: Yes,I've got one of each,( l0) .
Melanie: Oh right. Older or younger?
Simon: My sister'stwo or three years younger than me, but my brother's
( | l) . . . older. He's about forty now.
Melanie: Do you get on with them all right?You havent really talked about
them very much.
Simon: Well, my brother,'not ( 12) . . . well, actually.He's
different from me, (13) . . . old-fashioned,
( 14) . . . traditional. Well, actually,he's a bit, how can
I (15) . . . , r i g h t - w i n g . Y o uk n o w - t h i n g s a r e n t w h a t
they used to be, more police, death penalty - that kind of thing.
H e ' s( 1 6 ) . . .fool,actually.
Melanie: Oh, well, it takes all sorts, I suppose.
Simon: But my sister, she's great. We ( 17) . . . We've got the
same kind of ( l8) .
Melanie: Just a pity about the brother from hell, eh?
Simon: Yes.Oh, but he's not that bad. We tet on all right, as long as you
steer (19) .
me about your parents.
. . of certain topics. Anyway,you were telling i
Melanie: Oh, there's not much to tell, actually.
Real English3 the brother from helt
This meahsthat he is not a very pleasantperson.In fact,he is rather
unpleasant. The kind of neighbourswho playloud musicin the middleof
the night are the neighboursfrom hell! Other people'schildrencan be
the childrenfrom hell!
 1 T a l k r nagb o u tp e o p l e

U g i n gr r . a b u l a r1
1 | edlectives
ltark each of the adjectives below P or N,
depending on whether you think they are positive
or negative. Use your dictionary if necessary.
Then discuss your answers with your partner.
We often use more than one adjective to describe
things or people. These adjectives are ofilen
emphasised by using the same adverb before each
adjective.
It was reallycold and reallywindy.
She'svery nice,very interesting.
It was extremelylong and extremelyboring.

l. religious 9. strict We can use two different adjectives with a similar

Z traditional 1 0 .b u s i n e s s -m i nded meaning.
3. quiet I l. nice He'sa bit strange,a bit weird.
4. alkative 1 2 .i n d i v i d u a l He'sa bit old-fashioned, a bit rraditional.
5. tidy 1 3 .m e s s y It was really scary,reallyfrightening.
6. laid-back 1 4 .l i b e ra l
7. conservative 15. hard-working A Listen to the six sentences above, and practise
I l saying them.
8. ambitious 1 6 .s e n s i b l e
Now talk about the pictures below using two
adjectives and the same adverb. For example:
Underline the main stressed syllable in each
tdjective. Look back at the adjectives used to What a bike! lt's really big and reallyfast.
describe people on page 8. Which is the most
positive for you? Which is the most negative?

Hd<e a list of the four most positive adjectives

end the four most negative adjectives you can
use about someone.

Positive Negative
t. t.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

Compare your lists with a partner.

Judgingby appearances
Work with a partner. Decide what you think
these people are like. Use more than one
adjective for each person. Begin: Helshe looks ...

Underline the adjectives and adverbs which make

this dialogue sound interesting.
A: Didn't you go to Turkeylastsummer?
B: No, we went to Thailand.lt was reallynice,really
interesting.
/r: Whereaboutsdid you go?
B: Well, first we went to Bangkok,which was a bit too
crowded,a bit too mad for me, so we went off to the
islandsinstead,which were reallybeautiful,really
relaxing.

Now describe the following to your partner in a

similar way.

t l.
2.
3.
your l asthol i day
the best placeyou've ever been to
food from your country
4. your best friend
5. your home town

11
 1 T a l k i n ag b o u tp e o p l e

iiaadirrg

Discuss these questions with a partnea
I. Do you haveany kids?lf so, how many?
2. lf not, do you want anylWhy/why not?
3. What's the best numberof childrento havel
4. What's the best age to havethem at?
ff, Now read this text about a family with more
ld chilArenthan any of your parents- the
Pridhams. As you read, underline anything that
surprisesyou.

EveryEnglish-speaking
child knowsthe nurseryrhyme
aboutthe old womanwith lotsof children:
Therewas an old woman who lived in a shoe.
Shehad so many children she didn't know what to do.
Nicola Pridhammust understandthe old 'woman's
predicamentvery well. She's expectingher twentieth
child and she'sonly forty!She and her husbandKevin
alreadyhavetwelvesons and sevendaughters.
KevinPridhamis a self-employed builder,but whathe
earnsis not enoughto feedand clothetheirlargefamily.
Everyweek their grocerybill comes to f400. They go
throughthirty-fiveloavesof breadand twenty-five
boxes
of breakfastcerealper week.
lf you havea child in Britaintoday,researchershave
shownthat it will cost you almostf100 per weekwhen
you takeintoconsideration food,clothes,pocketmoney
and all the other expensesinvolvedin bringingup
children.
Beforethey are eighteenyou will have spent almost
f100,000per child.This meansthat Nicolaand Kevin
will haveto find two millionpounds!Youcan be fairly
surethat the Pridhamchildrenwill be handingclothes
down to each other and doing odd jobs to provide
themselveswith pocketmoney.

Speaking
Tell a partner what surprised you about the article above. Then discuss these questions.
l. Do you know anyonewho's expectinga child at the momentl
2. Do you know anyonewho's self-employed? What do they do?
3. Did you ever get clothes handeddown to you?
4. Do you think housewivesshould be paid by the state?Why/why not?

12
 aboutpeople
1 Talking

Grammarin context
Complete these sentences using the present
simple or present continuous.
l*rc are four ways of talking about what you
l. He usually . . .(work) in the centre of town,
do br a living.
but this week he ... (work) from home
l"m a journalist/ a civil servant/ out of work. becausehe . . . (try) out a new computer
| rcrk in a factory I in lT / as a DJ. link-up for the company.lt could be the thing of the
| run future.
a guest house/ a restaurant.
I do cleaningjobs / a lot of work for the BBC. 2. Don't you think John . . . (act) pretty
strangelyat the moment?| mean,he ...
Cornplete these sentences with a suitable (not be) normallythat quiet.Do you think he'sOK?
E b. The first two are done for you. 3. My dad . . . (run) his own business, but he's
l . | . . . . + 1 1 . . .s e l f - e m p l o y e d . sick at the moment,so my older brother
(look after) it for a while. I think they want him to take
L He .. .ry9fF. . in advertising. it over eventually.
3. She. . .. an architect. 4. You . . . (not talk) about your parentsa lot.
1. You . . .. for the government,dont you? ...(you not get on) w i th them ver y well?
5. He .. . . as a waiter at weekends. 5. He .. .(be) very left-wing.I think he
6. 1....
7. She..
inabank.
..abusinesswoman.
6;.actually.
He ..
1::':
;l::iff:iiT::[:;::ilff'
. (be / still) annoyedwith me
8. My dad . . . . unemployedar the momenl for forgetting his birthdaylast year.
9. M y br ot he r :... i n th e a rmy . Now complete these pairs of sentences with
10. I s om et im e s... . b a r w o rk . information which is true.
I l. He . . . . the occasionaldesignjob. 7. My.. .works
lL My mother . .. . a retired teacher. My.. .isworking.... .....atthe
13. 1.... onaboat. moment.
11. She.. ..herown business. 8. I get on very well with .
I'm not gettingon yery well with . .. at
the moment.
Speaking 9. My.. . l i v e si n . . .
Ask some other students in the classabout their My . . . i s l i vi ngi n .. . at t he
jobs and/or their parents' jobs. Who has the most moment.
interesting job?The most stressful?The most
unusual? For more information on the present simple and
present continuous,see G2.

Grammardiscussion
Reol Englisht pretty
With a partner, discuss the difference in meaning The adjectivepretty meansbeautifulor artractive.
between the verb forms in these sentences. As an adverb it means fairly.
I'm pretty goodot bodminton.
la. My dad works for the BBC as a cameraman. He's oaing prefty strongely.
lb. My dad'sworking in Manchesterthis month.
\s there an)th\ngyou're prettt good atl.
2a. | find my dad a bit dull. He's only interested
in making money.
2b. I'm findingmy job a bit boring at the momenc Famouspresenttenses
3a. He evenworks some weekends.
These two famous quotations use the present
3b. He's working this weekend.He's finishingoff
simple. Which is your favourite?
a specialreport.
l. Freedomis the right to tell people what they do not
4a. My mum is a reallynice person. want to hear.
4b. She'sbeing reallynice at the moment.I wonder why! 2. Foreignershavesex lives;the Englishhavehot water
5a. Do you tet on with them all right? bottles.
5b. Are you getting on with them OK again? Here are some famous sayings. When would you
say them?
In the examples aboye, underline the time 3. What goes up must come down.
expressions used with the present continuous.
4. An elephantnever forgets.
5. lt never rains,but it pours.
6. You'remakinga mountainout of a molehill.
13
 iizaCirtu
Discuss these questions with a partner.
l. Who are the most infamouscriminalsin your
countrylTellyour partner as much as you can
about them.
2. Can you think of any examplesof an infamous
kidnappinglAn infamousmurder?An infamous
robbery?An infamousterrorist act?
3. How would you feel if your parentswere involved
i n c r im el
(urprise for JcrilfDird Dcrd
a a a a o a a a a a a a a a a a a o a a a a a a a o o a a a a a o a a a a a a a a a a o o o a o
There are many happy stories about children being
reunitedwith the famousparentsthey did not know they
had, but perhapsone of the most unusualis that of a
twenty-five-year-oldchef from Liverpool, who was
recentlyinformedof the fact that the fatherhe hadnever
known wasactuallyone of Britain's mostdangerous men.
Originally jailed for robbery and burglary, Charles
Bronsonhasspenttwenty-twoof the lasttwenty-sixyears
in prison.Much of this is becausehe hasrepeatedlytaken
hostagesin jail and attackedfellow inmates.He is a man
of incrediblephysicalstrengthand hasa terrible temper.
He hasalreadycausedover half a million pounds'worth
of damageto prisonpropeny andhashadto be movedto
a specialsecureunit, costingthe taxpayerover f60,000a
year.
Twenty-fiveyearsago,he becamea father,whenhis son,
Michael,wasborn. However,he split up with the boy's
motherwhenhe begana prisonsentencethreeyea.rslater.
Last year, though,an old friend managedto track down
Bronson'sson in Liverpool.The newsthat his fatherwas
the infamous'most dangerousman in Britain' obviously
cameasa total shockto the son,who nevertheless decided
to get in touch with his father.When Bronsonfirst heard
from Michael,he said: 'I was on a missionof madness,
now I'm on a missionof peace.All I wantto do now is get
homeandhavea pint with my boy.'
14
While
You are now going to read about a son being
reunited with his infamous father. When you
have read the text, answer these questions.
l. Why hasBronsonspentso long in prisonl
2. How did his son feel about meetinghim?
3. How realisticare their plansfor their future?
Whenthe two men finally met in prison,Michaelsaidthat
he got on like a houseon fire with his father.'I gavehim
a greatbig hug.It wasvery nice to finally meethim after
all theseyears.Peopleget the wrong impressionof him
from the media.He's not as badas they makeout. He's
actuallya very sensitiveand talentedguy.' Interestingly,
the factsdo backup this claim,because aswell ashavinga
reputationfor violence,Bronsonalsohasa reputationfor
his cartoonsandpoetry. He's beenattemptingto havehis
work published,but the prison authoritieshave stood in
the way of any suchplan,because they don't wanthim to
profit from his crimes.
Michaelalsocommentedon the fact that he andhis father
looked very similar, except for his dad's large bushy
beard.Bronsonhimselfsaid:'I'm delightedto be back in
touchwith my son.It's takentwenty-twoyearsto get him
backinto my life.'
When CharlesBronsonis eventuallyreleased,father and
son want to open up a restaurant.Mike plansto be the
chef - while Bronson intendsto be the securityon the
door! Theseplans,however,may haveto be put on hold-
it seemsthat old habitsdie hard.Only last week,Bronson
wasinvolvedin yet anotherviolent incidentand an early
releaselooks increasinglyunlikely. If you would like to
know more about Charles Bronson's amazing life, a
biographyis currentlybeingwritten abouthim. You can
readit with a clearconscience becauseany profits will be
goingto charity.
 2 F r i e n d sa n d r e l a t r v e s

3 Speaking Use two of the idioms to tell a partner about two

people in your life.
f*cuss these questions with a partner.

t- Would you be interestedin readinga biographyof Body idioms

CharlesBronson?Why/why notl
L Do you think lockingpeopleup for a long time is a
good idea?
3. \A/hateffect does prison haveon people?What about
dreir familiesl
4- Can you think of any alternatives
to prisonl
1 Vocabularycheck
Corrrplete these sentences with words from the
text
l- lf you haven'tmet someonefor fifty years,it can be a
yery emotionaloccasionwhen you are
L lf you are found guiltyof breakinginto someone's
home and stealingfrom them, you are guilty of
3 . Sometimesone country tries to put pressureon
anothercountry by takingsome of its citizens
. . . . S o m e t i m etsh e s e
are killed;sometimes
money hasto be paidfor their
release.
1. lf you are famousfor somethingbad or evil,you are
The Real English note on page 9 explained a pain
in the neck. Circle the correct word in the body
idioms in these sentences.
l. My car'son its lastfeet / legs.I'vealready
started lookingfor a new one.
2. Haveyou seen Paula'snew laptopl I bet it cost
her an arm and a l eg/ hand.
3 . I'm under a lot of pressureat work. My bossis
breathingdown my back/ neck all the time.
4. I'm afraidI'vejust put my foot / mourh in it.
I'vejust saidsomethingto Kate without
realisingshe and Petehavesplit up.
5. When Frankslippedon that bananaskin,I
nearly laughedmy legs/ head off.
6. Yes,it was funny,wasn't itl I tried to keep a
straightmouth I face,but it was impossible.
7. lf you'reworried about something, tell me - it's
far better to ger it off your chest / back.
8. I can't even havea morning off. I'm up to my
eyes/ nose in work.
Can you translate the eight idioms above into
your language?

5. lf you put your arms round someone,you are giving

t h e ma . . . . Speaking
6. lf a beardis . . . . it meansthat it is large
When was the last time you ...
and v er y t hic k- l i k ea b u s h !
7. lf you can'tcarry out a plan immediatelybecauseof
a put your foot in ir?why? What did you say?
some problem,you haveto put the planon a
found it impossibleto keep a straight face?
a
bought somethingthat cost an arm and a leg?
8. ff you give awaythe money you makefrom something
to a good cause,the profits go to

UsirtEJ"-,1'cbdar
1
ldiomsfocus

Complete the idioms in

Michaelsaid he got
these sentences with
on like a houseon
momen( eye, wavelength
fire with his father.
and close.

t . We argueabout everything.We simplydon't see eye

to... .onanything.
2. T h e r e ' sn e v e r ad u l l
....in our house.
There'salwayssomethinggoingon!
3 . I get on reallywell with my mum. We're really

4. It's incredible.Althoughmy gran is in her seventies,

we reallyare on the same

15
2 Friends
and relatives

Complete these dialoguesusing the adjectives

Comparatives:
In the article that you read about Charles
Bronson, his son, Michael, said that his dad
is not as bad as the media make out.
in brackets in the comparative form.
t. Did I hear you sayyou've got a new bike?
What's it like?
B: Brilliant!lt's I l00cc, so it's much
than my old one. l'll take you out on it next
week sometime,if you like.(powerful)

Make six more examples of sentences that use

2. What's their new flat like?ls it nicel
this structure. Match the sentence beginnings l-6
Lovely,it's much . . . than their old
to the endings a-f.
one and it's not nearly
t . I dont see my mum J (big,dark)
2. I'm not as close to my older brother J 3. A: What's your new teacher like?ls he all rightl
3 . I don't get on as well with my sister J B: Y eah,he' sOK but he' snot . . ... ... . as
4. He's not as serious -J our last one,Jane.I mean,he'sclearand
everything,but he's . . . than Jane.
5 . She'snot as old J We used to havea laughwith her. lt was just
6. We don't get on with them now as well J . . . with her.(good,serious,fun)
a. as she looks.
4. A: How was your journey?Was there much
b. as I do with my brother.
trafficl
c. as I am to my younger. B: Yeah,it was awful!We thought it would be
d . as often as I see my dad. . . . taking the motorway than the
e . as we used to. way we came last time, but it was much
. .. . We were stuck in this
f. as he seemswhen you first meet him.
terrible traffic jam for about an hour.
(quick,slow)
Now complete these sentencesin ways that are
true for you.
5. A: You went to LakeComo again,didnt you?Was
7. I'm not ascloseto my . . . . as I am to it nice?
B: Yeah,it was OK, but it was a bit .
than I remember it being.(touristy)
8. I'm not as.. . . assomepeoplethink.
9. I dont see.. .. asoftenasI usedto.
What do you think touristy means?
10. My dad'snot as . . . . as he mightseem.
I l. . . . . isnt asold ashe/shelooks.

Now explain what you have written to your

partner.

Have you ever got the wrong impression of

someone when you first met them?

Comparingthe presentwith the past

We often compare the present with the past. For
example, we often compare recent experiences
with past ones. Look at these examples:

A: How's the new carl

B: Great! Honestly,it's much easierto park than the old
one, now we've got power steering.

A: How was the holiday?Was the weather OK?

B: Yeah,it was treat. lt was much better going in May.
It wasn't as hot as the last time and there were fewer
tourists about.
 2 F r i e n d sa n d r e l a t i v e s

Pronunciation: U s i n gIg:ailu Iar1

The sound we call 'schwa'/ / is used for most
rnstnessed vowel sounds. In the sentences betow,
tfp stressed words or syllables are underlined.
llost of the other syllables are unstressed. Try to Michael's parents split up. There are lots of
sey this sentence stressing the underlined words. phrasal verbs with up. Complete the sentences
below with the correct form of the verbs in the
k's much better than it usedto be. box.

Hqr practise saying these sentences. fiil cheer mix get look pick

l- lt's better than my old one. t . lf the ticketsgo on saleat nine,we'd better
L lt's better than it was before. . . . up early and be there by eight.

3- lti biggerthan the last one. 2. l'll . . . you up in the car aroundsevenand
we can go into town and havea bite to eat.
1- lt's much more touristy than it usedto be.
3 . You look reallysad!. . .up! lt's not the
5. lt's much cheaperthan it usedto be. end of the world!
6- lt was quicker than last time. 4. l'll just go to their websiteand . . . up the
times of their flightsto Zurich.
7. lt wasnt as good as the last time we wenl
5 . We can ... up with petrol beforewe
8. lt wasn't as good as I remembered. leave.
9. lt's not as good as it used to be. I always ..........
up Petewith his brother Ed.
They look so similar.
fl Now listen and check your pronunciation.
tl Then tisten again and repeat the sentences.
Speaking
What do you think it means in each of the
sentences above? Discuss these questions with a partner.

l. Can you think of three reasonswhy couplessplit up?

How many of the sentences above can you use to
2. Can you think of three thingsyou could do to cheer
talk about things that are true for you? Compare
yourselfupl
with a partnen Who can use the most sentences?
3. What kind of thingscan you look up?

Speaking
Discuss these questions in groups of three. Try to
use as much of the grammar from this unit as
you can. Spend five minutes planning what you
want to say first.

l. How do you like the flat/houseyou're livingin now,

comparedto placesyou lived in beforel
2. What's the best placeyou've ever lived in?Why?
What made it so good?
3. ls your city better or worse than it used to be ten
yearsagol In what way?
4. ls your country better or worse than it used to bel
In what wayl
5. Can you think of anythingthat you found a bit
disappointing the secondtime around- a place,a film,
a book, a restaurant?

For more information on comparatives.see G3.

 2 F r i e n d sa n d r e l a t i v e s

T a l k i n ga b o u t d i s a s t e r s
What do you think has happened in these
pictures?

With a partner, discuss in which picture each

of the following is most likely to be said.

l. Everyone's
been evacuated. _l
2 . lt all jus t happ e n e d
so suddenly. -J
3. My car'sbeentotallyturned upsidedown. j
4. Everything's
been smashedto pieces.
-J
5. Luckily,no one'sbeen hurt.
_t
6. lt's balancedright on the edge.
-J
7. Everything's
gone up in flames.
-J
8. lt's spreadvery quickly.
-J
9. lt couldgo ar any minute.
_i
10. lt destroyedeverythingin its path.
-J
I l . lt ' s done m illio n so f p o u n d s w
' o rth o f d a ma ge. I
I
12. They'restill trying to pur it out. I
13. Our roof was blown off.
-J

Speaking
Have there been any natural
disasters in your country? When?
What happened?

18
 2 Friends
and relatives

5 i Givinq bad news

l J
Real Englisht haveit put down
llotke how the highlighted expressions warn lf an animalis seriouslyill or badlyinjured,you
rlc other person that bad news is coming. take it to the vet and he puts it down.Another
way of sayingthis is he puts it to sleep.
: I haven'tseen Mary for ages.How is she?
& Oh, haven'tyou heardl Shewas made redundantlast
month.
Oh, that'sawful.She must'vebeen reallyupset.
I

: Howl your motherl
& Well, actually,she passedawaylast month.
: Oh, I om sorry to hear that. ls your father all right?
Oh yes,he seemsto be copingvery well.
: Can John make it to the partyl
l'm afraid not. We're no longer together.
: Oh, I'm sorry about that. ls everythingOK?
H.ke short dialogues by matching the questions
l-f to the answers a-h.
t - Can you give me a lift home?
-J
z Do you think I could get that cameraback off
lmagine you live in one of the places shown in the
pictures on page 18. A friend has rung you, not
knowing what has happened. Give them the bad
news. For example:
Hello,is that you,Jack?This
A is Ron in Sydney.
B: Hi, Ron,how are thingsdown under?
A Well, actually,it's like an inferno.Everything's
on fire.
T h e b u s h. . . t r e e s. . . h o u s e s
And are you all rightl
For the time being,I think we are.
Now change partners. Think of five questions

'ou sometimesoon? -J your friend might ask you about the terrible
situation you are in.
3. Haveyou heard from Janrecendy?
J t. .........?
1- ls your grandfatherany better?
5. So,has Peter had his resultsyet?
-J 2. . . . . . . . .I .

6- Are you feelingall right,Steve?

-J 3. .........1

7. Hello,how are youl

-J I

& I thought you had a dog.

-l I

J Now role play a similar conyersation to the one

1 I'm afraid not. We're very worried about him.
But then, he is ninety. you've just had. This time, use a different picture
and the questions above.
b. Oh, fine thanks.Well,actually,I think I'm
gemingthe flu, so I'd stayawayif I were you.
I don't know how to put this,but I think I lost it
last night while I was out. I'm reallysorry, but
I've searchedeverywhereand I can't find it. l'll
8et you another one. I'm extremely sorry.
d We did. But unfortunately,it ran out into the
street and was run over.I'm afraidwe had to
haveit put down.
e. I'm sorry, I'm afraid I can't.I lost my licence
lastweek - had a bit too much to drink and
tot stopped by the police!
Well, actually,I haven't- not for about six
months - we had a bit of an argumentlast year.
Well, actually,no. I've just had some very bad
news.
h . Well,yes,I'm afraidhe has.He didn't pass-
so he'sgot to re-sit part of his examsin July.

A C" back and undertine the expressions used

lJ to introduce the bad news. Now listen and
check your answers. Then work in pairs reading
the dialogues.
 tJiirt7 tr.AIrdar
1

Which of the following do you like doing in your

free time? Mark each one in this way:

O if you do it often
S if you do it sometimes
N if you never do it

_J listeningto classical
music

J goingto see bands

J goingc l u b b i n g

J playingan instrument

J reading

-J working out at a gym

J watchingvideos

_J goingto art exhibitions

J goingto an eveningclass

J playinga sport
ll,
t
J eatingout
l.
J goinground junk shops rl
h-s
-J playingcomputergames

J t'ai chi or somethinglike that

i Real Englishr junk

Junkis stuff of little valuewhic
you consideruseless, for
example,old furniture,books,
CDs, or other thingsyou have
no use for.

Use your dictionary to translate any yocabulary

you are unsure of. Find out what you have in
common with your partner.

20
 3 Yourrnterests

2 Not as often as I used to questions

A Listen to June,a bus driver, talking about how How- questions are useful for asking for more
tl stre spendsher free time. As you listen, information.
cnplete the time expressionsshe uses below.
How much did it cost?
How long did it take youl
How difficultwas itl

Make how- questions by adding an adverb, an

adjective, or a quantity word like much to these
questions.

l. A How . . did it take you to learnto

playthe guitar as well as thatl
B: About ten years.I started when I was really
young,though.
2. A How . . is your work from your
homel
B: About an hour'sdrive,I think.
3. A : H ow .. di d you move here?
B: Oh, agesago.In fact,I've forgotten how
long!
4. A H ow .. doesdi nnerusuallycost
you?
B: lt varies,but I supposeabout tB or t9.
5. .A: So how .. haveyou been learning
E ngl i shl
l. Not all t hat .
B: EversinceI can remember.I startedwhen I
L All the was really reallyyoung.
3, Not as .. a s I' d l i k eto .
6. .\, H ow .. canyou speakC hinese?
4- A bout ..fo rtn i g h t.
B: I guessI'm OK, but I could be better.
5. .. I can.
,ri.
H ow .. i s i t to l earnC hi n ese?
6. 4... . . . . . o f t i m e sa y e a r . 7.

7. Hardly B: Some people sayit's the most difficult

8. Notasoftenasl.. ......to. languageto learn as a foreigner.
8. ;\ How . . do you go away,then?
Practise saying the eight expressions above. B: Everycoupleof months,I suppose,
providingI've got the money.

3 i How often do you ...? 9. A : H ow .. peopl edo you needin a

team?
Ask and answer with a partner. When you answer, B: Usuallyit's eleven,but you can also playwith
try to use some of the expressions in Exercise 2. five.
t 0 . A: How . . are you about your examsl
H ow of t en do y o u ...
B: Very! But I'm trying not to think about them
l. haveyour hair cutl too much!
2. get up early on Saturdays?
3. Now write questions you would like to ask a
see your parents/grandparentsl
partner. Then work in pairs to find the answers.
4. cook in the eveningsl
5. work in the evenings? l. Howmuch .........1
6. seeyour best friend? 2. Howoften .........?
7. havefriendsround for dinnerl 3. Howlongago ......1
8. read in Englishl
4. Howfaraway ......?
9. watch films in Englishl
5. Howdifficult ....... ?
10. buy presentsfor friends?
I l. go awayfor the weekend? 6 . H o w e a s .y . . . . . . . . .?
12. go to the cinemal 7. Howmany .........1

21
3 Yourinterests
L . i ' [? t t ! ft g
Speaking
Discuss these questions with a
partner.
l. Do you havemuch in common
with the rest of your familyl
What interestsdo you share?
2. Do you think men and women
tend to be interestedin different
kindsof things?
3. ls it best to marry someone
who...
. sharesall your interests?
. sharesnone of your interests?
. sharesa few of your interests,
but hassome of their own?
4. ls there somethingyou would
really like to be able to do, but
havenot yet had the opportunity
to do?
Dan and Helena have only
A
ll iur. started going out
together. They are not finding
it easy to decide what to do
with their evening. Cover the
conversation. As you listen,
try to decide which of these
statements is the most
accurate.
l. They havenothingin common.
2. They havelots in common.
3. They havelessin common than
they think!
Listen again and complete the
gaps in the conversation.
Do you and your friends eyer have problems trying to decide what
to do in the evenings?
At what age are you too old to go clubbing? Twenty-five? Thirty?
Forty? Never?
So what shall we do tonight?
Dan: So what do you feel like doing tonight?Any ideasl
Helena: Well, I'd quite like to see a film, or, I don't know see if there'sany
good bandsaround,if you're into bands.
Dan: Yes,that'san idea.(l) .. musicdo you like,then?
Helena: Oh, all sorts, really,you know,a lot of pop and I quite like blues
and iazz and (2)
Dan: Oh, reallylI'm more into dancemusicmyself,so maybe...
Helena: Well, (3) . . , we could alwaysgo and see a film.
I like realb/scarythings.
Dan: What?You mean like Holloween?
Helena: Yes,that kind of thing,and I also (4) . . action movies,
you know,car chases,gulS,bombs,anythingthat's fast and exciting.
Dan: Oh, right.Tobe honestwith you, I'm not really(5) ..
violentfilms.
Helena: You'rekidding!And I thought this was goingto be the perfect
relationship!
Dan: (6) .. ! But it doesnt sound like we'vegot all that
much in common,really,does it?
Helena:Oh come on, there must be somethingwe can do!
Dan: Let me think. Well, I supposewe (7) . . go clubbing.
Helena: What? Somewherelike Paradox?
Dan: ls that the new placethat's just opened?
Helena: Yes,just last week. Right,so (8) . . going clubbing,thenl
Dan: OK. Why notl Do you go much yourself?
Helena: No, (9) . . , actually.A couple of times a year,I guess.
Dan: Oh, me too now,but I ( l0) . . a lot more when I was
younger- almost every weekend. The thing was,though,it just
got to me after a while, stayingout dancingall night and then
havingto go to work ( | l) . . in the morning.I'm
gettinga bit too old for it now.
Helena: Oh, well, that'sthat off the menu,then! So,what shallwe do then?
Dan: l don' t know .(12). .get a vi deoand a curry,andhave
a nice quiet eveningin in front of the telly?
Helena: Oh, you'vegot to be joking!We're not in our gravesyet. I mean,
that'sthe kind of thing my parentsare probablydoing
( | 3) . . ! Look, it's not what I'd normallydo on a
Mondaynight,but let'sgive clubbinga go! lt might be a laugh.
Recll Englisht The thingwas...
This is a naturalway to add extra detailsor an explanation.
The thing is ... introducesa problem,an excuse,or a difficultyof some kind.
Speaking
 3 Yourinterests

| | Agreeing
f n share someone's interests, we can say:
: I really love classicalmusic.
& Really?What's your favouritepiece?
So do l. Who's your favouritecomposerl
Me too! EspeciallyMozart.
When we agree with a negative idea, we say:
s I dont reallylike classical
music.
& Neither do l. or Me neither.
U g i n g'laca!,ular1
lf we do not share someone's interests, we often
soften the way we express this. Notice how really
is used in these examples:
or
A: I reallylove classicalmusicand opera.
or
B: Oh, do you?I'm not reallyvery keenon it myself. or
It's not reallymy kind of thing,I'm afraid. or
I don't reallylike thingslike that.
Without really, these statements would sound quite
strong and even rude. Make short dialogues by
matching the statements l-6 to the responses a-f.

2 | Grammarin context l. I love nearlyall winter sports.

For each of these statements only two responses
-t cor?ect. Cross out the incorrect one in each
tlorrP.
l - A I reallylove Mexicanfood.
B: So do l. / Me too. / So havel. lt's great,isnt itl
L { : I don't reallylike much modern fashion.
B: Neither do l. / Me neither./ Me too. lt's dreadful.
3- A: I'm not reallykeen on big Hollywood movies.
B: Neither do l. / Neither am l. / Me neither.They're
so predictable.
1- A: I've seenall the Bond films.
B: So havel. / Neither havel. / Me too. Someare
better than others.
5- A: ld love to go to Africa sometime.
B: So do l. / So would l. / Me too. lt soundsamazing.
6- A: I hate most classical
music.
B: Me too. / Me neither./ So do l. lt doesn'tdo
anythingfor me, I'm afraid.
Auxiliaryverb practice
lJse So + auxiliary + I or Neither + auxiliary + I
b agree with the following.
-J
2. Going out with a crowd of friends and having
fun,that's what I really like doing. J
3 . I'm really interestedin politics.
4. f'm reallyinto older music,you know,before 1967.
J
5 . My favouritekind of thingsare comicsand
J
cartoons. J
6. I'm reallyinto roller-blading. lt's a bit like
roller-skating. J
a. Oh, it's not really my kind of thing,I'm afraid.I don't
really understandwhat makesall the partiesdifferent.
They all seem the sameto me!
b. Really?I'm not reallyvery keen on them, myself.I once
broke my leg skiingand it put me off - for life!
c. Are you? lt's not reallymy kind of thing.I'm always
worried I might get hurt.
d. I don't really like things like that myself.I dont see the
point of them. I prefer a good novel - the longer the
better!
e. Are you? I'm not reallythat keen on anythingbefore
| 980.
f , Do you? lt's not really my kind of thing,I'm afraid.
I prefer to go out with just one or maybetwo people.
I hate crowds.

ff Now listen and notice how att the responses

l. I prefer coffeewithout milk. f d
L I dont like thingsthat are too sweet. Si". extra information. Go back and underline
all uses of really. All the language in this course is
3. I'm goingto stay in tonight and do nothing.
carefully chosen to help you to learn useful natural
1. I've just booked my summer holiday.
English. Complete these collocations from the
5. I nevergo abroad.
exercise above.
6. I'd love to meet someonereallyfamous.
7. I was born in Australia. l. winter..... 5. get.....
8. I can't stand sea water. 2. have..... 6. c l a s s i c. a. .l. .
3. i n t e r e s t e d . . . . . p o l i t i c s7 . l d o n ' t s e et h e . . . . . o f i t .
For on see 4. l t ' sn o t m y . . . . . o f t h i n g .8 . lt.....me off.....life.

Reol Englisht What kind of fitmsare

you into?
Do you like doing these activities or not? Discuss
lf you are into something,you are very interestedin with a partner using expressions from this page.
at. Explain why.
She\ reollyinto heolthfood.
Heb into okernotivemedicine. golf snorkelling cycling tennis
Tell your partner about somethingyou're reallyinto. surfing football skiing singing

23
 3 Yourinterests

i'-7rrl':(,?l
. - - ? d . . . : )

Are you a bag person?

Come on, admit it! You can't resistclassycarrier bags.You have
Look at the examples below some cheapand nastybagsfrom the localsupermarketwhich you
of two people talking about put your rubbishin. But somewhereat homeyou'vegot a collection
hobbies and interests they had
of bagsthat you wouldn't part with for the world. An Armani bag?
in the past, but don't have any
m or e. A Guccione? Or maybe it's that one from the Duty-FreeShop at
Kuala Lumpur Airport? They prove that you're the sort of person
S peak er l: I u s e dto c o l l e c t y o u ' d l i k et o b e .
canswhen I was younger,like
Recently,a London gallery held an exhibitionto celebratethe
coke cans.I livednear the sea
carrierbag. They askedthirty top artistsand designersto designa
and I'd find them on the beach.
I grew out of it after a while and carrierbag for thirty shopswhich took part in the exhibition.The
I can't rememberwhat happened show was a tremendoussuccess becauseit seemswe are all secret
to all the cans. carrier bag collectors.Some people go into expensivedesigner
Speaker 2: I usedto havea train shopsand buy the cheapestthing - just to get one of their bags.
set when I was younger,but I just Others don't even bother buying anything.They just ask straight
lost interestin it once I got into out for a free bag for their collection.lt seemsthat it's not the bag
music. we want. lt's what it represents.That's why we throw away our
boring Tescoand Marks and Spencerbags, but make sure our
Think of two hobbies you used
to have when you were younger. Harrodsor LouisVuitton onesremainin perfectcondition.
Tell your partner as much as
you can about them. Try to use
the following:
l . I us edt o c olle c t
when I was younger.I kept them
in a .. I g r e wo u t
of it when I was
yearsold.

2. I usedto play . . when I

I was younger.

When we ask about people's

t-
rl
interests and hobbies, we often
ask the question: u
-.

What do you do when you'renot

working/studyingl or &
What do you do in your free EI
tim e/ s par e
t im el
It sounds a bit strange if you ask:
W hat ar e y our h o b b i e s ?
U

f r Now read the text about

I ?' collecting.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partnen

l. Which is your most treasuredcarrier bag?Where did it come from?

2. What makesa classycarrier bag?
3. Do you collect anythingelsewhich might seem strangeto other people?
4. Do you ever wear any designerclotheslWhy/why notl

24
 3 Yourinterests

Llsln vof,abulary Expressions

with
Complete the sentences below with the
i r l ldioms focus expressions in the box.
Ccnplete the idioms in the sentences below with .
a
it's just not the done the thing is
& words in the box.
thing . one thing after another
a
it's just one of those . t dont know the first
-counting c uP
things rhingabout
. for one thing
t_ I must admit,I dont reallylike this kind of music.
hi not really my . . of tea.
t . I've had such a dreadfulday.lt's just been
L lf you're into action movies,you reallyshouldgo and . . sinceI got up.
see Explosiye
Device.lt should be right up your
2. I don't know why you're askingme. .
cars. Ask Mark.
3. You like Disneymovies!| can't believeit! Oh well,
3 . A: I'm sorry to hear you'velost your job.
eachto their .
B: Yes,well,. , I guess.We could
+ My favouritekind of food is cheese- blue cheese. all see it coming.
I know it's an acquired
4. Whateveryou do when you'rein Indonesia,
don't use
You'reinto techno musiclWell,there'sno your left handto offer or take things.
. . for taste,I suppose.
5 . I ' d l o v et o c o m ew i t h y o u ,b u t , . .......,
Dletch the idioms l-5 above to their meanings
I've alreadyagreedto go out with Samantha.
.d.
6. A: So why don't you like him,thenl
1 Different people like differentthings.(two idioms) B: Well, . . , you cant trust
b. I don't really like that kind of thing. anythinghe says,and for another,he'sa bit of a
show-off
c- I'm sure you'd like it.
d. lt's somethingyou learn to like gradually. Thing/things is a useful word in English. Find three
more thing expressions you like in a dictionary.
Tell your partner what you have chosen and why.
Speaking
Ask and answer these questions with a partner. Speaking
Try to use some of the idioms in Exercise I above
when responding. Are any of the following just not the done thing in
your country? Discuss with a partner.
l. What kind of food do you like?
2. What kind of thingsdo you usuallydo at the L usingyour left handto passthings
weekend? 2. burpingafter dinner
3. startingto eat before everybodyelse
3. What kind of musicare you into?
4. blowingyour nose in public
4. What kind of things do you like watchingon TVI 5. askinghow much someoneearns
5. What kind of films are you into? 6. women smoking
6. What kind of thingsdo you like doing in class? 7. livingtogether before you're married

7. What kind of restaurantsdo you like goingto? Think of three things you don't know the first
8. What kind of thingsdo you like reading? thing about. See if anybody in the class can teach
you a bit about them!

25
 Go back and underline the time expressionsin
the sentences l-8. Then decide if these time
expressionsfit best into pattern a or b.

whenever I can all my life

Tell a partner which of these things you enjoy most of my evenings half my life
doing. all my Saturdaymornings quite often
as often as I can onTuesdays
a planningyour summer holidays
a playingthe piano/violin/guitar
Now complete these sentences about your own
a helpinghomelesspeople
interests.
a raisingmoney for sick animals
o
collectingthings (e.g.stamps,phonecards,etc.) 9. lgo. ..almosteyeryweek.
a goingfolk dancing 10. I go . . . quite a lot in the summer.
a going to the theatre I l. I spendmost Sundays
a
studyinga foreign language
12. I sometimesfeel like I spendhalf my life
a going campingor youth hostelling
a going abroad
a
surfingthe net Tell a partner what you have written.
o gardeningor visitinggardens
a
mountaineeringor hill-walking
o reading The -ing form as a noun
a paintingor drawing
We can use the -ing form to talk about an activity
a
singingor acting
which is the subject of a sentence.
Mountaineeringcan be pretq/ dangerous.
Complete these sentences with the ideas aboye.

l. No wonder John'seyesare so sore.He spendshis Use your own ideas and the ideas in Exercise I to
whole lif e. . complete these sentences in pairs. For example,
the answer to number one might be ballroom
2. This Frenchfriend of mine'sjust got backfrom
dancing. What do you think?
NewYork where he spent most of the winter
. . at a school in Brooklyn. l. . . . is all right for old people,but not for
people in their twenties.
3. Kevinfeelsvery stronglyabout animalrights.
He spendsa lot of time . 2. I know ... can be very dangerous,
but
there's no need to ban it, just becausesome people
4. Pedro wants to be the next Pavarotti.He spendsall
get killed every winter.
his free time .
3. . . . aroundthe Greek islandsin the
5. His mother really lovesher plantsand flowers. summer is great fun.
Shespendsall her time .
4. . . . is all right if you'vegot the time and
6. I've spent ages. ., and I'm finallyoff the money.
in three days.Two weeks in the sun!
. .. is more usefulthan learningChinese-

I
7. Bill hasjust splashedout f 100on these new boots.
You know he goes .. nearly every
weekend,dont you?
8. Marie works with poor people in the inner city.
She spendsevery Saturdaynight
at a hostel in the city centre.
Did you notice the two different kinds of -ing
patterns in the sentences l-8 above?
5.
unless,of course,you happento be Chinese!
6. . .. is a very worthwhile thing to do.
7. . . . is something I've alwayswanted to do,
but I've just never had the time.
8. ... is all right for women,but not for
men.
Now compare your ideas with your classmates.

a. I go ...1n9+ time expression

b. I spend+ time expression+...-ing

26
 4 U n u s u a lr n t e r e s i s

\ Make short dialogues using the words in brackets

beil English3 atright/ al right
lr British Englishsome people write alright as one
rord. Others write it as two. Writing it as one word
-nds to be more informal.In this course it is always
rrrnren as two words.
and the pattern you have just seen. Then practise
the dialogues with a partner.
l. ''i. I'm reallyinterestedin boxing.
B: (watch it / box yourselQ

No way!You'dnevercatchme in the ring! No,

I just love watchingit.
3 All right
2. I reallyloveAmericanfootball.
;fr&e short dialogues by matching the questions B: (watch I play)
c comments | -7 to the responses a-9. Each
Cdogue contains a different use of all right.
"' Oh, I'm in a team. We playevery Sunday.

')
Are you feelingall right now? -J 3. " I reallylove Chinesefood.
B: (go to Chineserestaurants/ make it yourself)
l'm reallynervousabout makingthe speech.
-J
t ls everythingall right,sir?
1. ls your coffeeall right?
J
Shallwe take the car?
-J come round sometime.

5" Justlistento that wind. I hate flyingin weather

-J 4. ;t I'm reallyinto art.

lik et his ! J B: (go to galleriesi paintyourself)

7 . ls it all right if I borrow your video for the

weekend? J No, I wish I could paint.I just like goinground
gal l eri es.
t- Well,actually,
it's a bit cold. I'm very interestedin culture.
Yes,thanks.The room's perfect. (youth culture/ Beethovenand thingslike that)
Yes,thanks.I'm much better.
Yes,all right.lt'll be quickerthan the train. Well,all sorts.Fashion,
music,dance,clothes,
e. Yes,sure - so long as you're carefulwith it. anything,really.
Don't worry, it'll be all right on the night.
5- Now, calm down. Everything's
goingto be all right.

Practise reading out the dialogues with a partner.

Then cover the responses a-g. Your partner will
read out the questions and comments l-7. See if
you can remember the exact responses.

4 | More -ingforms in use

Good listeners check they understand what is
being said to them. This encourages the speaker
to give more information. You might have to
interrupt to do this. Look at the following yery
u s ef ul' c hec k in g ' te c h n i q u e .

Whatl Do you meanjust listeningto it or

actuallyplayingan instrument?
Both, really.I playthe drums in a band at
weekendsand I've got pilesof CDs at home.

27
 4 U n u s u ai n
l terests
i'-?ading
Speaking
Discuss these questions with
a partner.
l . Do y ou t hink m e n a n d w o me n
are treated equallyin your
society?Why/why not?
2. Shouldwomen be allowedto do
exactlythe samesports and jobs
as m enl
Beforeyou
You are going to read an article
about the way in which women's
position in British society has -
and hasn't! - changed. To help
you understand the text better,
here are a few definitions:
. A licencegivesyou permissionto
do something.
. do more than their fair shareof the work in the home. Women today have
lf somethingis a spectacle,
it is
strangeor interestingto watch.
. lf you counter an argument,you
give the opposite view.
. lf you are unstable,you are not
mentallyfit.
. lf you commit suicide,you kill
yourself.
While you
A Now read the article and
I I unaerline any examptes of
discrimination mentioned.
28
It's a man's world?
ot the last thirty yearu,we've been told that the war of the sexesis over
l-
that women now have equal rights with men.To try to prove this,
J-and
I some have pointed to the way in which women have reached the
highest offices. Mrs Thatcher, for example, led Britain for thirteen years,
whilst many other countries have also recently elected their first female
leaders.
In the traditionallymale-dominatedworld of sport, women have also made
great progress.In kick-boxing, for instance,two young Scottishwomen have
forced their way into the British team. whilst many conseruative
commentators may disapprove,Kate Kearney and TeresaDewan are proud
of the fact that they can not only take on men, but can even beat them. ,\^/e
usually give them a good fight' said reresa, 'but a man never likes to be
beaten by a woman. They usuallygo off in a huff afterwards.You should see
their faces!'
However, several recent news stories have highlighted the fact that women
are still being discriminatedagainst in all areas of life. A suruey last year
showed that on averagewomen earn 300/olessthan men and that in many
companies,there is still a glassceiling,preventingwomen from getting the
top iobs.As if this wasn't bad enough, evidencealso suggeststhat women
the burden of having to go out and fight for their rights in the workplace-
and are then still expectedto come home and cook and clean.
Sadly,despite the successof women like the Scottishkick-boxers,sexism is
also still alive and well in sport. The unofficialworld women's lightweight
boxing champion,Jane Crouch,is today waiting to hear whether the British
Boxing Board of Control GBBO will allow her to continue her career:The
BBBC is deciding whether women boxerswill be allowed to box officiallyor
whether they will have to remain in the shadowyworld of unofficialboxing.
Miss Crouch could expect to earn around €100,000 a year if she is given a
licence. However, there has been much opposition to the spectacte of
women in the boxing ring. There was laughter at the BBBC inquiry this
week when it was suggestedthat women should not be licensedto box
becausethey were biologicallyand emotionallyunstable.
To counter these arguments, Miss Crouch's lawyer, Dinah Rose, said
,\A/e
sarcastically: are all taking a hell of a risk allowing women to pilot
aeroplanes,aren't we? Perhapsall women airline pilots should be tested to
see if they suffer from emotional instability.'
'l
would certainly want research on that, if I were responsible for them,'
replied Adrian Blackson,the BBBc's chief medical officer. And perhaps we
should alsosay that only men are stableenough to look after children,'Miss
Roseasked, to which Mr Blacksoncould only respond by saying, That's an
interestingquestion.'
Miss Rosewent on to suggest that it was men who were more likely to be
unstable,to commit violent crimes or commit suicide.Mr Blacksontold the
inquiry that until further researchhad been done, the BBBCshould not allow
Miss Crouch to box.
 4 Speaking Vocabulary c h e c k
Discuss these questions with a partner. Complete these sentences with words from the
text.
l. Do y ou t hink a n yo f th e th i n g sme n ti o n e di n the
ar t ic lehapp e ni n y o u r c o u n try ? l . A sportspersonw ho w i ns a very i mportant
2. Do y ou t hink th e re i s d i s c ri m i n a ti oang a i n stany competitionis the
groupsof people(other than women) in your society? 2. The placewhere boxingmatchestake placeis called
boxing
3. lf you saysomethingwhich is the oppositeof what
5 I Comprehension
check you believe,becauseyou want to mock or insult
someone,you sayit . . . .
Now answer these questions about the text.
4. lf you studysomethingin detailto gainnew
l. How do male kick-boxersreactwhen they are knowledgeabout it, you do . . . . on it.
beatenby womenl
2. What's stoppingwomen from gettingtop jobs in Now complete these sentences with words from
c om panies ? the text.
3. What does BBBCstandfor? 5. Y ou can expectto ... . f30,000 ayea r .
4. Does Dinah Rosebelievethat women makebad 6. There'sa lot of . . . . to the proposedlandfill
pilot s ? srte.
7. I think we're . . . . a big risk if we don't go to
the doctor immediately.
8. lf you commit a violent . . . . , you shouldgo
to prisonfor a long time.

29
 4 U n t - r s l ailn t e r e s t s

( "
J J t ' . e
J
J lt'-7. !' -. . ')'

Boxingjoke
f . P r ac t is e t elli n g th i s j o k e i n p a i rs . T h i n k a bout
0y'which words to stress and where to pause.
Who tells the joke better, you or your partner?

When I was a kid,we couldn'taffordaTV so one day,

m y dad dr illeda h o l e th ro u g hth e w a l l ,w h i c h m e ant
we could look into the housenext door. After that,
we usedto watch the boxingand the wrestlingevery
night . . . until we finallyrealisedthat the neighbours
didn't havea TV either.

V i o l e n to r d a n g e r o u s ?
Make sure you understand what these sports are.
Are they violent, dangerous, or both?

b u n g e ej u m p i n g climbing
snowboarding water-skiing skiing
wrestling horse-racing canyonrnS
c anoeing kick-boxing football
sky-diving hang-gliding s c u b a -d i v i ng

Now talk about the activities above using these

structures:
I ' d q u i t el i k et o . . .
I wouldn' t. . . ev eni f y o u p a i dme ! I' d b e s c a re do f ...

Why do you think so many people like sports like

boxing or bullfighting?

Have you got any dangerous interests?

30
f
:\
 4 Unusual
interests

Here are three common expressions with U and

wouldn't:

You'dnever catch me in a boxing ring!

I wouldnt be seendeadwearingleathertrousers!
Tb responses a-e use would, wouldn't or the
I wouldn't go parachutingeven if you paid me!
crEacted form U. Make short dialogues by
rEdring the sentences l-5 to the responses a-e.
Use them to say something amusing about
l- Im not reallyvery keen on going out tonight.
-J yourself.
L lf tou wanr a ticket, I'll get you one.
3. Could you possiblygive me a lift home?
-J
+ Ive no ideawhere to go on holiday.
-J For more information on how to use would,seeG5.

5. I think l'll havethe Madrascurry.

-J
J Reol Englisht Do you want a tift?
1 I rvpuld if I could,but I can't,I'm afraid.
I've got to leaveearly today. You ask this questionwhen you offer to take
b, Well, ld quite like to go somewhereexotic. someonein your car.Look at these examples:

c lf you d rather,we could alwaysstay in instead.
I dont mind either way.
d. I wouldn't if I were you! lt's reallyhot!
c- ThatU be great, if you could.
Couldyou giveme o lift to the stotion?
Youcouldn'tgiveme o lift couldyou?
I'll giveyou o lift if you wonL
This is differentfrom the expressionthumb a lifr,
which meansthat you are hitch-hiking.

Grammarin context
Reachingdecisions
Complete the sentences below with the
qressions With a partner,try to agree what to do in each of
in the box.
these situations. Use the expressions with would
from Exercise l.
i dat'd be great if you'd rather
I would if I could l. An importantguestis visitingyour home town.
You havebeen askedto take them out and show
t . A: So what do you feel like doing tonightl them the best it hasto offer. What would you
B: . . go out for a meal,if that's all suggestto theml
right with you. 2. You and a friend havejust won f 1,000in a lottery.
L A: Do you want a lift? How would you most like to celebrate?
B: Oh, thanks. . . . I'm in a real
3. You and some friends are totally broke,but want to
hurry to get home.
havea nice day out tomorrow. You haveabsolutely
3. Look, it's not that I don't want to see you. no moneyto spend.Where would you go?
. . , but I just can't.I'm out of the
country all that week. Once you have reached your decisions, join up
1. ' ' ' so to the PartYon Your own' with another pair and reach a group decision.
;;;b il ;;;;.
Well, if you could persuadeJim to come to the
lecture this evening,then . . , but
don't worry if you can't.
A: I'm reallysorry you can't come with us tonight.
B: Well, you know, . . , but I've
reallygot to finishthis work.
I'm reallyvery tired . . . . go to bed,
if that's all right.
8. . . come a differentweekend,that's
fine. lt's all the sameto me.

Choose the correct form.
\. [m \ookrng I \ \ook for a new lob at the moment.
2. My dad is liking/ likesplayinggolf a lot.
3. I ' m doing/ | d o o d d j o b s n o w a n d th e n .
4. She'srunning/ Sheruns her own businessfrom home
and alwayshas.
5. I'm working / | work this weekend,I'm afraid.
6. How often are you having/ do you haveyour hair
cut?
M u l t i p l ec h o i c e
Choose the correct alternative.
Comparing
In sentences l-5, cross out the option which
doesn't match the statement in the box.
The first one is done for you.
The country is much worse than it used to be.
l. lt usedto be muchtrlor€ / lessviolentthan it is now.
2. Peoplearen'tas rude / polite as they usedto be.
3. Unemploymentis higher/ lower than it usedto be.
4. There usedto be a lot more / lesscrime than there
rs now.
5. The cities aren't as cleanI dirty as they used to be.
Now do the same in sentences 6-10.

t . H e ' s. . . The country is much better than it used to be.

a. a bit of a show-off b. a bit too show-off
6. lt isn't as safe/ dangerousas it usedto be.
2. H e ' s. . . .
7. Inflationusedto be much lower / higherthan it is now.
a. quite fun to be with b. a bit of fun to be with
8. lt's easier/ more difficultto find a job than it used
3. a. To learn Englishis not easy. to be.
b. LearningEnglishis not easy.
9. They'refinallyspendingless/ more on healthand
4. t' I don't reallylike this kind of food much. educationthan they usedto.
B: a. Me neither. b. Me too. 10. There didn't useto be nearlyas manypolicemen/
5. ., I don't reallylike placeswith lots of people. drug addictson the street as there are now.
B : a. S o do l . b . N e i th e rd o l .
6. P et es pend sa l o t o f ti m e o u t i n th e c o u n t ry ... . Speaking
a. hill- wal k i n g b . to h i l l -w a l k
Do you think your town/country has changed for
7 . I s p e n d. . . .
the better or for the worse? Tell your partner
a. as often as I can studying what you think and why.
b. most of my eveningsstudying
8. How . . . pe o p l ea re c o m i n gto n i g h t?
a. many b . mu c h
Conversation
9. l. Do you want to go out somewherelater on Put the jumbled conversation below into the
tonightl correct order.
B: T c b e h o n e s t , . . .
a . I'd rather just stayin b. I rather just stayin a. So,do you feel like doinganythingtonight?
b. Oh, really.I didn't know you had a brother.
IJ
t0 swimmingin the lakewhen I was younger.
a I hadgo n e b. I usedto go H ow ol d i s hel J
c. Well,actually,
I'm alreadygoingto see a film
Compare your answers with a partner and discuss with my brother. J
your choices. d . You meanaction moviesand that kind of thing?
e . Yeah,that kind of thing.So,what were you
J
thinkingof doingtonight,anyway? J
f. And do you get on with him all right?
g. Yeah,he'sgreat. We get on reallywell.
J
He's into the samekind of films as me. I
h . About thirty-two or thirty-three,I think. I can
never reallyremember.He'sa good bit older -J
1,, than me.
 Units1-4
Review:

Look back and check: Collocations

Describing people
Match the verbs l-8 to the best collocatiors ?-h.
look back at the language for describing people
l. do a. for myself
ar pages 8, 9 and I l. Tick all the words you can
rcrnember. Then ask your partner about anything 2. run b. the net
you have forgotten. 3. go c. self-employed
4. surf d. for the weekend
lfse as much of this language as possible to
5. work e . a lot of work
describe another student in the class. Can your
6. go away f. well with my family
Frtner guess who you are talking about?
7. get on g. clubbing
8. be h . my own business
Expressions
Now match 9-16 to the best collocations i-p.
Cornplete the sentencesbelow with the
crytessions in the box. All the expressions 9. hand down i. a rePort
r= fiom units l-4. 10. finishoff j. someonea big hug
I l. breaki nto k. religionand politics
I'm afraid I can't not reallykeen
hryent you heard one of those things 12. give t. the bui l di ng
I would if I could cheer up | 3. be stuck m . a lot of damage
14. steer clearof n . clothes
t . A: Where'sJim?Hasn'the turned up yet? I 5. evacuate o. in a traffic jam
B: Oh, . . . . I H e ' sb e e nt a k e ni l l a n d I6. do P. the bank
rushedto hospital.
L Look, it's not that I dont want to see you. I mean, Who would do each of the things in numbers
.. . . , but I just can't get awayfrom work 9-16 above and why?
until after seven.
3. A: Couldyou look aftermy kidson Fridayfor a few
English
hours?
B: No,sorry, I'm alreadydoing
Match the statements and the questions l-8
somethingelse.
to the responses a-h.
1. A: I'm sorry I broke your vase.
B: Don't worry about it. lt's just . l. What's all that noise?
J
5. A: So,what do you think? Do you like my new tiel 2. Boxingis all right for men,but not for women.
J
B: N o ,l c a n ' ts a yl d o r e a l l ly' .m . .
that colour.
........on 3. Do you want a lift?
4. So,how long haveyou been collecting
J
6. A: . . . . ! lt's not the end of the world. phonecards,
then? J
B: I supposenot, but I still feel bad about it. 5. Can you get there by sevenl J
How many different endings can you think of to
6. What's your little brother like then? ls he OK?
J
fiollow:'Oh, haven't you heard?' as in number one
7. How do you get on with your in-laws?
8. He's great,isn't he,that new teacher?
-J
ebove? J
a. That's a pretty conservativeview, isnt itl
How many different endings can you think of to
b. Do you think so?I'm not that keen on him.
follow:'l would if I could, but...' , as in number
two above? c . It's the neighbourfrom hell again.
d . Only if you're going my way.
e. Pretty well, I suppose,all thingsconsidered.
f. No, not really.The thing is, I'm supposedto be
meetingJim at 6.30.
g. I supposeI've alwaysbeen into it, really.
h. You'rejoking,arent you? He's a pain in the neck!

You have one minute to memorise the responses

a-h. Now coyer Exercise 9 above. Your partner
will read out the statements and questions lJ.
How many responses can you remember?
33
 R e v i e wU: n i t s1 - 4

ldioms Vocabulary
Make sentences with idioms by matching the Answer these questions with a partner. Then
beginnings l-7 to the endings a-g. compare your answers with another pair. Who
got most answers right?
l. lt never rains, -|
2. You'remakinga mountain _J L How do you get your drivinglicencel
3. We don't alwayssee eye _J 2. lf you want to do well in your career,are you
4. My car is on its last _J ambitiousor greedyl
5. I'm up to my eyes _J drink milk and eat cheesel
3. Do vegetarians
6. lt's not really my _l 4. lf you hardlyever do something, does it meanthat
7. lt's just not I you do it very often or very rarely?
a. in work at the moment. 5. Where does a retired teacherteach?
b. legs. 6. lf you are messy,are you tidy or untidyl
c. out of a m ole h i l l . 7. lf someonekillsthemself,do they commit suicideor
d. the done thing. sufferfrom suicidel
e. cup of tea. 8. lf you are keen on anotherperson,do you want to
f. but it pours. start a relationshipwith them or notl
8. to eye. 9. lf someonewith red hair is calleda redhead,what
i s someonew i th bl ondehai r cal l ed?
10. Where are you likelyto be if you are havinga
remember? pi nt?

With a partner, note down as much as you can
remember about the two texts you read in units
2 and 4.
It's a man's world?
I l. lf you were a laid-backsort of person,how often
would you be in a huff with someone- often or
hardly ever?
12. ls a biographya book someonewrites about their
own or anotherperson'slife?
13. D o cri mi nal smakecri mesor commi t them?
14. How do you get on with someoneif you'renot on
the samewavelength?
15. A fri endof yours i s descri bedas narrow -minded.
Does it meanthey are open to new ideasor are
their ideasfixed in a negativeway?
16. lf you haveno brothersor sisters,are you a single
c h i l do r a n o n l y c h i l d ?
17. When do you needto get thingsoff your chest?
18. C an you thi nk of three thi ngsa hurri canecoulddo
to a house?
19. Does a boxingmatchtake placein a ring or a
squarel
20. How well do you know an acquaintancel

Now compare what you remember with another

pair. Who remembers more?

Which text did you enjoy more? Why?

134
 R e v i e wU: n i t s1 - 4

Discuss these statements with a partner. What do you think?

l. I needto learn more grammarand do more grammarexercisesin class.

2. You can saymore with vocabularythan you can with grammar.
3. Englishgrammaris very complicated.
4. lt's important to know all the grammarterminology.
5. What's more usefulwhen you go abroad- a grammar book, a coursebook,a dictionaryor
a phrasebook? Whyl
Now read this text and see how the authors of this book answer the questions above.

Discuss these questions with a partnen

l. Do you useany books to help you study Englishat homel

2. Has this text made you changeyour mind about anything?
3. ls there anythingyou stronglydisagreewith herel Why?

35
 Usirr vora ular1
decisions
What is the most important decision you have
ever made in your life? Did it turn out well or
badly?
On your own, put the following decisions in orderi
from the most difficult to make ( l) to the easiest
to make (8).

J decidingto changeyour job

-J decidingto get married

-J decidingto start a family E

t.
I decidingto work abroad

J decidingto stop smoking

J decidingto get divorced

-J decidingto move house

J decidingon a namefor your child

Compare your answers with a partner. Can you

think of any other tough decisions not listed
above?

A Now listen to these three people talking

ld about their experiences of some tough
decisions. Listen carefully and write down their
decisions.

nightmare!
Check you understand the expressions in the box
below. Use a dictionary to help you translate any
vocabulary you're unsure of.

I felt really pleasedwith myself.

It was total chaos.
It was a real weight off my shoulders.
I couldnt stand it any more.
What a nightmare!
After that, it was plain sailing.

ff Usten to the three people again and tick the

t/ expressionswhen you hear them.
Use the expressions to talk about experiences
you have had.

36
 5 Bigdecisions

Grammar
Ask each other these questions. Use your
imagination and the past perfect continuous
when you answer.
When we explain why we did something, we often
talk about what had been happening (the past l. So how come you decidedto get engaged?
perfect continuous) before we did what we did. 2. So what madeyou decideto buy your own flat?
took at these examples: 3. So why did you finallydecideto get a jobl
4. So why did you decideto get rid of your cats?
A : So why did you decideto move out of your old flad
5. So how come you gaveup salsadancing,thenl
B: It was mainlybecauseI hadn't been getting on with
6. So why on earth did you get rid of yourTV?
my flatmatesfor ages,so I just decidedI neededa
placeof my own. Tell your partner about a big decision you'ye
A : So how come you started smoking? made, and then explain the background to that
B: Well, all my friends had been smokingfor agesand decision, using these structures:
theyd been trying to get me to start, so eventually lU been-ing.
I just gavein. I hadn'tbeen -ing.

Complete these short dialogues by putting the For more information on how to use the past
verbs in brackets in the past perfect continuous. continuous,see G6.

l . A : So why did you decideto go to India,then?

B: W e l l l, . . . . . . . . a l o t a b o u it t s i n c e Reol English3 Basicaly,
...
Sallytold me about her trip, so I just took a
month off work and went on my own. (read) This is a common way to introducean explanation.
A: So why do you needto leorn English,then?
2. A: So what made you decideto stop eatingmeatl
B: Well,bosically,
my bosstold me I had to.
B: W e l l l, . . . . . . . . a b o u ti t f o r a w h i l e .
A few of my friendswere vegetariansand they A: How comeyou soldyour cor?
. . to convinceme for ages,so B: Well,basicolly,ljustcouldn'tofford to keep it
I just decidedto give it a go. (think,try) running.
What other reasonscan you givefor sellingan old carl
3. A: So how come you finallybought a computer?
B: It was reallybecausefor years I
. . all my writing on this ancient
typewriter,so I decidedto splashout. (do)
4. A: So how come you two split up,if you don't mind
Usirr
me askingl ldioms focus
B: Well, basically,
we . . constantly
for months,and,to be honest,we weren't really Complete the idiomatic expressions in the short
enjoyingeach other's company.(argue) dialogues below with the words in the box.
5. A: I hear you've moved into a flat,Jiml
sailing cake stone nothing done depth
B: Yes,| . . in the universityhostel
since I left home. I thought it was time to get a
placeof my own. (live) l . A : It must'vebeen reallyhard learningSpanish.
B: No, not really,I alreadyspeakltalian,so it was a
6. A: So,you and Karen didnt move back to Sweden
pieceof..........!
after all?
B: No, we 2. A: Did Lee giveyou your money back?
. . secondthoughts
for a while, so we decidedto stay here in Cardiff,
B: Eventually,
yes,but it was like getting blood out of
a .... . H e ' ss o m e a n !
at leastfor the time being.(have)
3 . A : Did you go and give blood in the endl
Go back and underline the time expressions. B: Yes,and I'm glad I did. There was . . .. to it!
Then read the dialogues with a partner. I didnt feel a thing.
4. A: So how come you decidedto quit the classl
B: Oh, everyoneelse was so much better than me.
I f e l tt o t a l l yo u t o f m y . . . . . . . . . . !
5. A: Did it take you long to get usedto livingin Greecel
B: Well, the first six months were quite hard,but
after that it was all plain
6. A: Why not try and get a work permit and stay?
B: That'seasiersaidthan lt's fine if you've
an EU passport,but I'm Chilean.

37
 t t

T a l k i n gabout
Which jobs can you see in these pictures?
tr
Compare your answers with your partner and
explain your choices. These expressions might
help you explain why a job does or doesn't really
appeal to you.

builder On the positive side:

surgeon mechanic
soldier I imagineitd be reallyrewarding.
chemist social worker
policewoman pilot I think it'd be a reallycreativejob.
bouncer
model I imagineit'd giveyou a lot of freedom.
fireman POStman
I'm sure the moneywould be good.
It wouldn't be all that demanding.
Now complete these sentences in ways that are You'dmeet a lot of people.
true for you by adding the relevant iobs.
On the down side:
I w o u l d n ' t m i n d b e i n ga . . . You'dhaveto work really long hours.
I ' d q u i t e l i l c et o b e a . . . I imagineit? be reallystressful.
I could never be a . . . I think it'd get reallyboringafter a while.
It'd be dangerous.
It'd be dirty.
I'vegot a feelingit'd drive me mad.
The moneywouldn't be very good.
You'dend up doingthe samething every day.
 5 Bigdecisr ons

Now finish the sentences l-4 with your own ideas

Sfft or choose from a-d below.
a. I d probablyhavegreat-great-grandchildren.
Secondconditionals
b. I dont know what lU sayto him.
c. the world would be a better place!
The first conditional uses the present simple:
d. l'll be quite h.ppy.
lf I get that job, it'll be reallywell-paid.
For more information on how to use second
The second conditional uses the past simple: conditionals,see G7.
lf I had a job like that, lU go crazy.

Complete the paragraph below with the past

simple of the verbs in the box. Uging Iscab'ular;1
Decisions,
decisions
Somepeoplespendhalftheir life wishingtheir liveswere Deciding on your career is one of the biggest
decisions you'll eyer make in your life. Complete
b e t t e r - i t r e a l l ya n n o y sm e . ' l f| ( l ) . ...a bit more
the sentences below with the words in the box.
m o r em o n e y - i f l ( 2 ) . . . . a b e c e rj o b - i f I
(3) . . . . the right man or woman for me.' lt drives wise wrong unpopular
me mad. There is no perfect job or perfect partner!And immediate joint right
people saythings like'lf | (4) . . . . so busy,I'd do this
or that', but thatt just an excuse.lf they really t . We definitelymadethe .. .. decisioncomingby
(5) .. . . to do it, I'm sure they could find the time. lf train.lt's so much easierthan driving.
the word'if' (6) . . . . , rhe world would be a much 2. Look,we've got three daysto make up our minds
happierplace. about it. lt's not as if we need to make a(n) .
decisionor anything, is it?
Hake second conditional sentences using the 3 . A: I've decidedto stayand finish my course.lt would
wolds in brackets. For example: be mad to leaveit now.
(you / look better I if Iwear / suit) B : I t h i n k t h a t ' sa ( n ). ...decision.
I think youd look better if you wore a suit. 4. Oh no, look at the traffic. We made the ..
decisioncomingthis way.
f . (Rachel/ understand/ if I you explainit / her)
I ' m s ur e The government'sdecisionto raise income tax to
35% hasbeenvery
2. (if / we have more time / look round / museums)
It's a shame. Someof our friendsthink it was my ideato give up
our jobs and move to the country,but it wasn't.
3. (l / buy one / if / not be / so expensive)
We d both talked about it for years.lt reallywas a(n)
The fact is, . ..
....decision.
1. (afI I I not haveany children/ | / travel round the
world)
I often think that Speaking
(life / be easierI if I everybodyI tell lthe truth)
I often think that Discussthese questionswith a partner.
l. Hasyourgovernmentmadeanyunpopular decisions
recently?
Likely unlikely?
2. Haveyou madeanyjoint decisionsrecently?
Who
withl What about?
Choose the most suitable verb form - past for an
unlikely situation: Haveyou ever made a wrong decision?
lf I won a lot of money,...
and present for a likely or more likely situation:
lf I passmy exam,...

l . lf I m eet / m et th e P ri meM i n i s te r,...

2. lf everybodythinks/ thought like me, ...
3. lf I live / livedto be seyenty,...
4 . lf I liv e/ liv edto b e 1 2 0 ,...

39
 5 B i gd e c i s i o n s

Forty a day!
Before you listen
Phil: Justtime for a quick smoke.Oh sorry,do you
You are going to hear a man talking about some want one?
big decisions he's made. The expressions in the Jason: No, thanks.I gaveup yearsago.
box are all connected to these decisions. Discuss Phil: ( l) . . ! I'vegivenup eventrying
with a partner what you think he decided to do. to give up!
Jason: Yeah,it's a nightmare,isn't it?
passa physical
Phil: (2) .. ! | don't know how you
stuck in front of a computer all day managedit.
It's dead! Jason: Well, it's funny,but it was my job that did it.
I mean,(3) . . , and you know
it's destroyingyour lungs,don't you, and I knew
I wouldnt be ableto becomea firemanif I didn't
give up.
Phil: So,what's becominga firemangot to do with it?
n Phil and f ason are both in the same evening ls it the fire risk or somethingl
td.lass chatting during the coffee break.
Jason: No, it'sjust that (4) .. passa
Listen to "ni"r.
them talking about some big decisions. physicalto get in,and I wouldn't be ableto do
that if I was smokingforty a day.
Cover the conversation. As you listen, try and
Phil: Forty a day!Justas well you gaveup! So,
answer these questions.
(5) .. you decidedto become
l. What big decisionshasJasonmade? a fireman anyway?
2. Why? Jason: Mm, ld haveto think about that. I supposeit all
goes backto when I got out of college.I wanted
Listen again and try to fill in the gaps in the to do somethingexcitingand different,you
conversation. know,and a friend of my dad'swas in the local
fire brigade.
Phil: Oh,right.So,(6) ........?
Speaking Jason: Yes,he helpedme get the job. I mean,I knew I
didn't want to (7) . . sittingin
Crawley is a nice quiet town in the country about an office pushingbits of paper round a desk or
half an hour by train from London. lt's near stuck in front of a computerscreen!
Gatwick Airport, so there are a lot of jobs. lt's got Phil: Yeah,I know exactlywhat you mean.I'm half
good schools and few social problems. Where blind already!So,(8) .. move
would you rather live - London or Crawley? to London,thenl Was it for work or becauseof
a relationshipor what?
Would you like to move to another town - or Jason: Well, it was mainlywork, but also becauseI was
eyen another country - or are you happy where just (9) . . where I was livingat
you are? the time.
Phil: lt was down in Crawley,wasn't itl lt's pretty
quiet down there,isn't it?
Jason: Quiet?Yeah,it's dead.There'sabsolutelynothing
to do there.
Phil: (10). .......?
Jason: What? Becominga fireman?
Phil: No, no, movingto London,I mean.
J a s o nO
: hyeah,(ll). .lloveit.
I don't think I could live anywhereelse now.
Phil: No, it'sthe samefor me.lt getsyou after a while,
doesn't it? lt's like a drug.

Real Englisht Goodfor you!

This is a common way of congratulating
someone.
A: I'vejustpossedmy drivingtest
B: Goodfor you!

40
 5 Bigdecisions

3 . A : I wish I'd brought the piano with me.

B: How come?
A:
4. A: When I was a kid, I ran awayfrom home.
It took them six months to find me.
llow come is an alternatiye way of saying why.
B: Six months!How come it took them so longl
took at these examples:
A:
}Yhy did you decideto move to Londonl
How come you decidedto move to London?
tVhy did you decideto do that, then?
your decisions
3 | Explaining
l{ow come you decidedto do that, thenl
Here are six expressions for explaining why you
Wtry are you leavingearly? made certain decisions. Put the words in the
l{ow come you're leavingearly? correct order.

Practise saying the expressions above. a. got / with I we ljust / each/ other / bored

Re-write these sentences starting with why. b. afwaysI l've I been / in / it / interested
l. How come you paid so much for your car?
c. alwaysI to lwanted / I'd
2. How come you got here so early?
d . j u s t / w i t h / u p / | | f e dI i t / g o t
3. How come you refusedthe invitationf
e. j u s t / l / f e l t / i t l l i k e
4. How come you didn't acceptthe job in LAf
t. him / of / friend / recommended/ mine / a
5. How come you're so interestedin Tibet?
Now complete these short dialogues with the
6. How come there's no beer left in the fridge?
expressions a-f above.

l. A: Why did you decideto write a bookl

Now complete these sentences with how come B: ..eversince
or why. I was at school.
2. A: So,how come you went to Dr Martin?
7. So, . . you're studyingEnglishl
B: . . a n dI ' m
8. So, . . did you choosethis school? glad I did. He's wonderful.
9. So, . . did you decideto do that, then? 3. A: So,why did you decideto stop dancinglessons?
10. So, ..you choseto studythat? B: .. .l mean,
I l. So, . . do you want to go to lceland? it was fun to beginwith, but it started eatingup
all my free time.
12. So, . . you decidedto move there,thenl
4. A: So,what on earth madeyou decideto dye your
Now ask your partner two intresting questions hair grey?
starting with how come. B: .. . I t hought
it might make me look more mature.
5. A: So,what madeyou study Greek philosophyl
Jokes! B: . ., b elieveit
or not!
fl Comptete these'How come?' jokes with
l/ 6. A: So,why did you andJanesplit up?
tn. clrrect responsein the box betow.
B:
o I wanted to be near my mum! It's sad, I know, but that's life,I suppose.
. BecauseI left the plane tickets on it!
Tell a partner about:
. They didnt look! . something you got fed up with.
. I want to be ready in casethere's an o something silly you just felt like doing.
accident! . something you've always been interested in.

l . A : How come you drive with your brakeson?

B:
2. A: How come you were born in New Zealand?
B:

41
iteadirrg
You're going to read an article that features air
Your captain speaking travel, the law and smoking. Check that you
understand the words in the box beloq using a
With a partner, discusswhether you think these dictionary to help you if necessary. Then put
statements about air travel are true or false. them into the correct categories.
whv?
l. Only you or membersof your familymay packyour
luggage.
2. No aerosolsare allowed in any luggage.
3 . Only two items of hand luggagemay be carried on
board.
4. No cigarettesor alcoholare allowedon board. air travel:

5 . The use of mobile phonesis strictlyprohibited. the law:

6. No toy weaponsare allowedon board. smoking:

Can you think of other rules which aPPly to these With a partner, discuss what you think the article
things when flying? is going to be about.

7. smokingduring take-offand landing

8. usinga CD player
9. wearinghigh-heeledshoesin an emergency
10. where to put your hand luggage
I l. us ingt he t oi l e t
12. seatsin the upright position
I3. wearingseatbeltsduringthe flight
14. specialseat belts for babies
While
A Read this article about a woman whose
ld.r"ring for a smoke tanded her in big trouble
- at 30,000 feet! When you've read it, answer
these questions.
l. Why did JoanNorrish light up on the plane?
2. When was she arrested?
3. What happenedto her after thatl
 6 Flying

Speaking
The cost of a cigarette Discuss these questions with a
partner.
A businesswoman's desperateneedfor a cigaretteon an eight- l. Do you haveany sympathyfor
hour flight from Americaresultedin her being arrestedand Ms Norrishl Why/why not?
handcuffed,after she was found lightingup in the toilet of a
2. ls smokingbannedin your
Boeing747, not once but twice. country?Can you think of
anythingelsethat is?
Joan Norrish,aged33, yesterdaybecamethe firstpersonto be 3. Are you more pro- or
prosecutedunder new laws for smoking on board a plane, anti-smoking?
Why?
when she was fined t440 at Uxbridgemagistrates'court. Ms
Norrish,from Radwinter,Essex,said: 'l'm such a nervous
passenger,and I couldn't have handledthe flight without a Vocabularycheck
lf they'dtold me I couldn'tsmokeon board,lwould've
cigarette.
Complete these sentences with
avoidedgoing by planealtogether.' words from the article.

Ms Norrishfirst attractedthe attentionof the in-flightstaffwhen l. I quit after two yearsworking

she had her first puff in the toiletafterthe planetoucheddown there.I just couldn'thave
for refuellingat New York'sJFK airport.One and a half hours ....thepressureany
longer.
later,she went into the lavatoryagain,causingpassengersto
theycould 2. lf I'd known we'd get delayed
complainto the cabincrew.However,on inspection,
for six hours,I would've
find no sign of cigarettesin the toilet,and wereconcernedthat
.... flyingaltogether.
Ms Norrishmay havehiddenthe cigarettes, thus addingto their
3. Whenwe.. ..down,
fearsfor the safetyof the plane.
there was a great big crash.lt
was really scary.
RelationsbetweenMs Norrishand the crewsoon got worse,as
4. I've looked everywherefor her.
Ms Norrishturnedviolentwhen the planelandedat Heathrow, She'sjust totallyvanished.
wherethe policewere alerted.She was subsequentlyarrested There'sno.. ..ofher
and handcuffed. anywhere.
5. Sincethe war endeda few
'lt
Outsidethe court,Ms Norrishcommentedon her fine. was years?go,. . .. between
quitehigh,much higherthan I was expecting.lt all seemslike our two countries have
an avvfullot of fuss overjust a coupleof cigarettes.'
Ms Norrish improveda lot.
is being encouragedto appeal against the fine by a pro- 6. lt was lovelythis morning,but
smoking organisationwho have offered her legal aid. A i t ' ss u d d e n l y . . . .really
spokesmanfor the group said: 'Thisis yet anotherexampleof cold,hasn'tit?
the way in whichsmokersare beingdiscriminated againstand 7. Has the postmanbeen yet? I'm
marginalised in society.We generatemillionsof poundsfor the ....someimportant
mail today.
governmenteveryyear throughthe taxeswe pay - and yet we
are treated like second-classcitizens.We're banned from 8. I was goingto complain,but I
didn't want to make a
smokingin all kindsof publicplacesand peopleexpectus to
I hate it when I
stand outsidein all weathersif we want to smoke. lt's got to feel like everybody'slooking at
stop!' me.
9. I'm goingto applyfor
However,anti-smokinglobbies have welcomedthe judge's ....aidsolcantake
decision and have claimed that there is no excuse for them to court.
'Thisis
endangering the livesof othersby lightingup in public. 10. I'm a firemanand we're going
'andwe look
a step in the rightdirection,'a spokeswoman said, on strike next month. We're
forwardto the day when all smokingis banned.' sick of beingtreated like
second-class . ..

43
 6 Flying

U i i n g rs.abularT
On a long flight, do you watch the in-flight
Flyingvocabulary movies? Complete these sentences with the
correct form of watch, see, or look.
Match the words l-10 to the words a-j to make
collocations which are commonly used to talk l. Could you havea look on the TV pageto . . .
about things to do with flying. what's on after the news?
l. y our boar d i n g a. entertainment 2. A: Can you . . . . anythingwrong, doctor?
2. the drinks b. flight B: No,yourthroat... .fine.

3. an eight-hour c . locker 3. I think l'll . . . . the matchon TV tonight.

4. the overhead d . crew 4. The amountof food at the weddingwas incredible.

I ' v en e v e r . . . . a n y t h i n gl i k ei t !
5. your oxygen e . stoPover
5. I want you to . . . . him closely.I think he'sup
6. the in-flight f. trolley
to something.
7. the smoking g card
6. Here, . . . . out of the window. Haveyou ever
8. the emergency h section seena car like that before!
9. the cabin exit 7. Can you . . . . my bagwhile I go to the loo,
10. an uns c he d u l e d I mask pl ease?
8. When the sky is this clear,you can . . . . for
Discuss these questions with a partner. milesfrom up here.lt's fantastic!
9. Haveyou . . . . that new film yet?lt's great.
I l. Haveyou ever had to use your oxygen mask?
10. I've .. .. ever)rwhere
for my wallet.I can't
12. Can you rememberthingsfallingout of the
....itan)rwhere.
overheadlocker?
t 3 . When was the lasttime you went on a reallylong Do you have three different words for look, see
flightl and watch in your language? Do you use them in
1 4 . What is the longestflight you haveever been on? the same way as the examples above?

Flyingjoke

Now imagine you have just touched down after
the worst flight eyen You had problems with all
of the things in Exercise I above. You're going to
phone a friend back home and tell them about
your journey. Spend five minutes planning what
you are going to say. Ask your teacher for help
if necessary.
f si ck - al l overthe man' strousers.TheA mericandidn't
A Try to guess the ending of this joke. Listen
l/ anA check. Then tell it to each other in pairs
and decide who tells it better. These people then
tell it to the class, who vote on who tells it best.
Alfred had never flown before and was extremely
nervous.H e w as fl yi ng acrossthe A tl anti c t o visit his
sister,who had emigratedto Canada.When he got on
the pl ane he found he w as si tti ng i n a w i ndow seat .
After a few minutes,the personnext to him arrived-
an enormousl yfat A meri can.N ot l ong after t he plane
took off, the Americanfell asleepand beganto snore
loudly.It was obviousto Alfred there was no way he
could get out, evento get to the toilet, without waking
the man up.
After the in-flight meal had been served,the plane
entered an area of severeturbulence.The American
continuedto snore.Alfred,however, startedto feel sick.
He was desperateto get to the toilet. Finally,he was
w ake up, but he j ust conti nuedto snore.A lf r ed didn't
know what to do.
A s the pl anetoucheddow n,the A meri canfi nallywoke
up and saw his trousers.Alfred turnedto him and said,

What is your worst flying story?

44
 6 Flying

We often respond by repeating an adjective as

a question and then adding another stronger
adjective. Respond to these questions or
Adjectives:strong comparatives comments in a similar way using the strong
adjectives in the box below.
Here are expressions which show that the end
result of something was different from our tiny freezing boiling shocked
expectations. terrifring dead enormous gorgeous

A: How was your flightl

B: lt was terrible - much worse than I thought it l . A : It must'vebeen reallyhot in Greece.
would be. B:
2. A: Oh, you're from Sio Paulooriginally,are you?
A: What was the food on the plane like?
It's a pretty big city, right?
B: lt was good - much nicer than I'd expected.
B:
Using these two examples, think of answers to 3. A: How's your flatl lt must be a bit cold with all this
the following questions. Here are some words snow we're having.
end phrases to help you. B:
4. A: It's pretty quiet down in Devon,isn't itl
fine much hotter B:
tr€at much nicer 5. A: You must'vebeen pretty surprisedwhen you read
went well much better the report in the papers.
interesting much easier B:
nice
6. A: It'sa bit smallin here,isn't it?
sweltering
B:
7. A: So,is he good-looking,then,your new boyfriend?
l. How was your examl B:
L What was the weather in Tunisialike?ls it hot at this 8. A: It must'vebeen a bit scary,going so high up like
time of yearl that.
3. So,you've moved into your new house.How did it B:
gol
1. How did you feel about your presentationthe other A lt is important that you can keep
I d.on"ersations going-Here are A's next
dayl Were you happywith it?
comments a-h from the conversations above.
5. What did you think of the restaurantlWas it nice?
First match them up. Then listen to the
6. So,how was the exhibition?As good as all the conversations. Finally, practise reading them
advertisingsaid it would bel with a partner.

Now ask your partner questions about some
things you know they have done or seen recently.
They should answer as above. Continue the
conversations for as long as possible.
Strong adjectives
took at ways of responding in the examples
below.
A: Havingsomeonethrow up all over you is quite
unpleasant,
isn't it?
B: Unpleasant?lt's disgusting!
a. There'sno way you'll catch me doing that again!
b. That'swhy I've decidedto havecentral heating
put i n.
c. That'swhy I moved to a smalltown out in the
country.
d. You can hardly swinga cat in here!
e. That'swhy we made sure the hotel had
air-conditioning.
f. That'swhy I decidedto move to the city!
8. You'lldie when you see him!
h . That's why I contacted my solicitor straightaway.

A: That guy on the planewas quite fat,wasn't he?

B: Fatl He was enormous!

45
 6 Flyrng

Grammar
U ; i n gg r a t n { r l a l
Verbs often work together in specific patterns.
I Gerundsand infinitives Circle the correct form in these sentences.
I
II l. Why did you decideto learni learningEnglish?
Look at these two patterns:
2. Well, becauseI wanted going/ to go to America.
Verb + gerund
3. Well, becauseI was interestedin travelling/ to travel.
There's no way you'll catch me doing that again.
4. Well, becauseI was fed up with working / to work in
Verb + infinitive
the evenings.
That'swhy I've decidedto move to the city.
5. Well, I was reallybored with doing / to do the same
Some verbs can take either pattern, but the thing every day at work.
meanings may be different: 6. BecauseI was trying getting/ to get into university
I clearlyrememberpostingyour letter. and I neededit for my exams.
I must rememberto post your letter. 7. BecauseI was hopingto go / goingto Australiafor six
months.
Mark each verb in this way:
Grammarin context
G if it only takes the gerund
I if it only takes the infinitive With a partner, think of two possible answers for
each of these questions, starting with the words
G/l if it can take either
given.

9. enjoyto do / doing l. A: So,why did you leaveyour jobl

l. t r y t o do / d o i n g
2. ask him to do / doing
3. promiseto do / doing
4. suggestto do / doing
5. forget to do / doing
6. expectto do / doing
7. love to do / doing
8. rememberto do /
doing
Now cross out the impossible verb forms.
10. avoidto do / doing
I l. beginto do / doing
12. prefer to do / doing
13. carryon to do /
doing
14. manageto do / doing
1 5 . s ta rt to d o / doi ng
1 6 . p l a nto d o i doi ng
B : I w a n t e d. . . .
I was fed up
2. A: So,how come you decidedto move to Milan?
B: I was bored
I w as i nterestedi n ...
3. A: So,why did you break up with your fianc6(e)?
B : I w a n t e d. . . .
I didn't want
4. A: So,how come you suddenlydecidedto stop
smoking?
B : I w as tryi ngto ...
I was just fed up with

For more information on how to use gerunds and

infinitives,see G8.

Complete these sentences in ways that are true

for you. Use the gerund or the infinitive.

l. l'll neverforget
2. I must remember
this week.
3. I promised
but I didn't.
4. I'm alwaysforgetting
5. I've never quite managed
6. I usuallyavoid
if I can.
7. There'sno way you'll catch me . .
8 . I ' m p l a n n i n.g. . .
sometimein the next couPleof years.

Tell your partner as much as you can about what

you have written.
 6 Flyrng

U s i n gJ D C A D u l a r l
A We ofilen need to pause when we are asked difficult questions, to
Smoking I J glve us time to think. We do this by using,delayers'. Listen and
Complete these collocations by practise saying these'delayers'.
adding the missing words.
So how come you decided to start smoking?
a a heav y / a c h a i n/a n o c c a s i o n a l Why did I start smoking?
That'sa good question.
b. smokea / light a / put our a That'sa difficultquestion.
Well, ld haveto think about that.
c. king-size/ low-tar I mild I I'm not reallysure.
menthol/ strong Um, I don't really know.
d. Why? | haven'treallythought about that.
.... lighter/packet/
ends/ advertising
give up / start / stop / be with a partneri take turns asking and answering the questions
anti- below. Before answering, use delayers to give you thinking time.

l. How come you decidedto wear those clothesthis morning?

Now complete these sentences
with collocations from a-e 2. Why did your parentscallyou (your name)?
above. 3. What made you decideto sit nexr to me todayl
4. Why do you think everyoneends up learningEnglishand not French,
l. I usedto be a really
G ermanor S pani shl
smoker,you know, fifty a day,but
now I'm just a(n) 5. What makesEnglishso hard to learnl
smoker.
I've been trying to . . . Roleplay
smokingfor yearsnow I wish ld
never . . . . i n t h e f i r s tp l a c e ! Pick someone in the class to pretend to be a famous person. For a
3. W h e r e c a n l . ...this couple of minutes, the rest of the class should prepare to ask them
cigarette?ls there an ashtrayor difficult questions about their life and experiences. The famous
somethingaround? person should answer the questions, remembering to use.delayers'
4. I saw this old homelessguy in the if they need time to think before they answer.
streets yesterdaypickingup all
the old cigarette
Cigarette . . . . i s b a n n e do n
televisionin some countries.
6. T h e l i n k b e t w e e n .... and
lungcancerhasnow been
proved.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a
partnen

l. Do you know anyonewho

smokeslWhat kind of smokerare
theyl
2. Do you know anyonewho's given
up?How did they manageto do
it?
3. How do you feel about cigarette
advertisingl

47
 A typical weekend
Here is a list of things people do at weekends. Tick the ones you
do. Think of some others.

do the weekly shopping catch up with your e-mails

havea lie-in go out for a walk

havepeople round go to the cinema/thetheatre/

tidy up your house/flat/room a concert

wander around town cleanthe car

go out with friendsfor a meal catch up with work

go to church visit your parents/grandparents

stay in and relax playfootball/tennis

do some studying

Compare your answerswith a partner.

Reol English3 What are you up to this weekend?

This is a common way of askingwhat your plansare.
Whot ore you up to tonight?
Whot ore you up to on Soturdoy?

Planningexpressions
ft Listen to Gavin talking about his plans for the weekend.
ld ri.t the expressionsyou hear.

l. I guessl'll probably. . . 5 . I h o p et o . . .
2. I imagine
l'll... 6. Unfortunately,I've got to . . .
3 . l w o u l d n tm i n d . . . i f l g e t t i m e . 7 . I ' mg o i n g t ot r y t o . . .
4. lf I get the chance,l'll . . . to . ..
8 . I' m pl anni ng

Now practise sayingthe expressionsabove.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.

l. When was rhe last time you just had a night in front of the telly?What did
you watchl
2. Do you know anybodywhose house is a tip?
3. When did you last havea big night out? Did it take you long to recover?
 7 Yourweekend

=ing gra rtrrfttl Grammar

Complete the sentences below with the correct
form of the verbs in the box.
Here are four common ways to talk about
dre future. get in do (x2) go give sneeze

l. 'll t . A: What're you up to this afternoonlAny plansl

Thatl the phone.I'll get it. B : I thi nk I .... somegardeni ng
i f i t' s n ice.
\Afaitfor me. l'll only be a minute. 2. Accordingto the timetable,the earliestbus
I think l'll havethe chicken. at seven.
2. going to 3 . A: Did you manageto post that letterl
took at those black clouds.lt's goingto rain. B : O h , I ' m s o r r y I. c o m p l e t e lf yo r g o t |. . . . . . . . . . . i t
We're goingto catch the early train. on my way home tonight.I promise!
We're going to go to New Zealandthis winter. 4. S o r r yI c a n t m a k ei t t o c l a s st o n i g h t|. . . . . . . . . . . o u t
to dinnerwith some friends.
3. prcsent continuous
5 . As soon as I passmy drivingtest, my father
We're meetingin town tomorrow.
me his old car.
fm leavingat the end of the month.
I'm going out to the cinematonight. 5. Passme the paperhankies.
Uh, uh,uh, I

1. present simple
We leavefor Calcuttatomorrow morning. Grammarin context
The las tbusleav e sa t I l .1 5 .
IndiaplayAustraliain the final next month. Make sentences by matching the beginnings a4
to the endings a-d.
With a partner, discuss which of the following l. I'm just goingto havea quiet night in tonight,
best describes each group of sentences.
2. I've got ro work really late tonight,
J
a- We use this form becausethere is some kind of _|
3. I'm so pleasedthat my examsare over
evidencenow for the future event. This might
4. l4y mother's arrivingtomorrow
J
be a decision,a plan,or somethingyou can see.
a. so I'm planningon havinga lie-intomorrow.
J
We use this form for thingswhich are as
certain as a timetable. b. so I've got to get up reallyearly and meet her.

We use this form for thingswe've already c. and watch a bit ofTV.
arranged. d. that I'm going to go out and celebratetonight.

d. We use this form to give a reaction,an opinion Now make sentences by matching the beginnings
or a decisionat the moment of speaking. 5-8 to the endings e-h.

5. I've beengoingout sucha lot lately

Grammardiscussion
Read these sentences. Then discuss the question
in brackets after each sentence.
l. I'm goingto tidy up the housetomorrow morning.
(When did you decidel)
L We landat eight in the morningUS time. (How do
you knowl)
3. l'll call in on the way home from work. (When did
you decidel)
1. We're havingmy grandparentsfor Christmasdinner.
(ls this a plan?)
You will learn best from good, natural examples.
6. I'm just going to take it easytonight
J
7. I've got a big night on Friday
-J
8. I'm just going ro stay in tonight because
J
e. becausemy brother'swedding'son Saturday.
-J
f . I'vegot some thingsto do aroundthe house.
g. becauseI was out until three last night at a party.
h. that I'm just goingto srayin tonight for a change.
Ask some other students:,So, what're you up to
this week?'
For more information on how to use these structunes,
seeG9.

49
 7 Yourweekend

L.;g'efl':ft!
While

A lt" Friday evening. Ken

f l Steve have both iust
",ra work for the daY,and
finished
are about to go home. Listen
to them talking about their
plans for the weekend.

Cover the conversation. As You

listen, try to answer this
question.
What are Ken and Stevedoing this
weekend?

Listen again and fill in the gaPs

in the conversation.

Thank goodnessit's FridaY!

Steve: Thank goodnessit's Friday!Thisweek'sbeen night.I'm goingto my friends Pete and Rachel's
draggingon forever. party. lt's on a boat.
Steve: O h , t h a ts o u n d sg r e a t .( 7 ) . . ....... ?
Ken: Tell me about it! So,what are you up to this
weekendl Ken: Down by the river. You know, in the docks.
Steve: Oh, nothing special,really.This evening,I'm Steve: Oh yes,I know where you mean.I went to a
( l) . . . for dinnerwith mY Parents' party there myself(8) . .
Ken: Oh, that shouldbe nice. Ken: Right.ls it OK down there?
Steve: Yes,we're goingto this little Frenchplacenear Steve: Yes,it's great,but it's (9) . . . . .. . .big.
where I live. The food's Sreatthere, and then There's not that much room on the boat.
tomorrow I've got to get up reallyearly - at Ken: Mm, soundscosy!
leastfor me! - and do some cooking,because
Steve: Oh, yes,you can get reallyclose to people!
I've(2) ...somePeoPle
Lots of sweatybodies!
(3).. ....in t h e a f t e r n o o nA. n d I ' l l h a v e
really good cleanas well' Ken: l d o n ' t t h i n ki t ' s( 1 0 ). . . . . . . . t h a t s o r to f
to give the placea
And, I'm not sure, but I think (4) . . party!
be going out after that - to see a film or Steve: Well, you never know. lf you're lucky it might
something.We haven't really planned anything' becomeone! No, I'm only ioking,it's actually
What about yourself? a great place for a party.
Ken: Well,tonight I'm (5) . . . goingout Ken: G o o d .I ' m r e a l l y( l l ) . ..to it.
with some peoplefrom my old iob, but I don't But then on Sunday, unfortunately,I've got to
reallyfeel like it any more. I'm feelingreally do some thingsfor work.
tired. Steve: No rest for the wicked!Well,listen,I
Steve: So you're just goingto (6) ( 12) . . . give You a ring on SundaY,
then? then,just to hear all about your quiet night out
Ken: Yes,becausetomorrow night I've got a big down on the river!

Real Englisht Tell me about itt

you saythis to peoplewhen they tell you somethingnegativeand you want to symPathise
becauseyou havehad a similarexperience.
A: I've hodso monybills to poy thisweek.I con'tbelievehow muchit coststo hovemy ownflot!
B: Tetlme obout it! MY ploceis costingme o fortune!
find
Are there any more expressionsin the conversationwhich you havenot met before or
surprisingl

50

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.
l. Who do you think is goingto havea better weekend
- Steveor Kenl
2. Do you ever ger that Fridayafternoon feelingor rhar
Mondaymorningfeeling?
3. Haveyou ever been to a party on a boatl What was
4. How often do you go out for dinner with your
parentslWhat kind of placesdo you go tol
5. Are you usuallytoo tired on a Fridayto want to go
out in the evening?
U g i r r yU l ' c i l t { f f a f
More ways of talking
about the future
Here are some more ways to talk about things in
dre future. All are common in spoken English.
l. I'vegot somebodycominground.
I've got some friends arrivingfrom Spaintomorrow.
2. I've got to do something.
I've got to get up really early tomorrow to take my
father to the airport.
3. I'm supposedto be doingsomerhing, but . . .
I'm supposedto be playingfootball on Saturday,
but
I've got a bit of a cold.
4. I might be doing something.
I might be goingto the coasrfor the weekend,but I
haven'tdecidedfor sure yet.
'1J Listen
and practise saying these sentences.
JJ
With a partner, use one of the patterns t-4 to telt
someone that ...
l. a friend hasarrangedto come to your flat to help
you with some homework on Sunday.
2. you've arrangedto go shoppingwith a friend on
Saturday,but you'll probablystay at home.
3 . you've thought about goingto the cinema,but you're
not sure yet.
4. you haveto do a lot of work this weekendbecause
the deadlinefor your essayis Monday,and you haven't
even started it yet.
5 . your flat is reallyuntidy.You know you must cleanit
this weekend.
6. there'sa possibilityyour friend,Steve,is havinga
parry tomorrow night.
7. you've arrangedto meet some friends on Sundayfor
lunch,but you don'r know if you'll feel like it because
you're goingto a party on Saturday!
8. your mother has arrangedto visit your new flat on
Saturdayafternoon.
For more information on how to use these srructures i'
to talk about the future, see G 10.
lmagine you want to invite your partner to
a special event (e.g. the wedding of a relative,
a day at the races, a masked balt). Howeverl
your partner can't come and will make an
excuse. Practise using the example below.
A Debbie and I are getringmarried next Saturdayand
weU really like you to come to the reception in the
evening.
B: Oh, I'd love to, but I'm afraidI can't.I'vealready
arrangedro go awayfor the weekend.
A: That'sa shame.ls there no way you could put
it offl
B: Well, I would if I could,bur we'vealreadybookedthe
tickets.
A: Oh well,too bad.We'll saveyou a pieceof the cake!
Do you find it easy to turn down invitations?
Would you turn down an invitation to any of the
things shown in the pictures on these pages?
 7 Yourweekend

Famousfutures
What's your favourite song?
Collocations
Can you complete these lines from famous songs?
Each usesa future form. In one of the examples, Below are six sentenceswith go for talking about
you will need the spoken form of going to - your plans for the weekend.Cross out the wrong
gonna. collocation in each grouP.

shall
'll f . f'm goingon a dateI a day-tripto Cambridge/
SOnna
shoppingtonight / a guidedwalk.

l. We. ...overcome. 2. I'm going out to see a film / my friend up in Yorkshire/

a bar tonight/ see a musical.
2. 1.... t e l l y o u w h a t l w a n t ; w h a tl r e a l l y , r e a l l y
want. 3 . I'm going out for shopping/ a walk / the day on
Saturday/ a drink with some friends.
3. She.. .. be cominground the mountainwhen
she comes. 4. I'm going awayto the mountains/ Brightonthis
weekend/ Francefor three days/ the pub.
4. Everything's.. . . be all right.
5. I'm going out to get somethingto eat / some things
for the house/ some shopping/ driving.
Find some more song lyrics which include future
forms. 6. I'm goingfishingwith my dad / shopping/ some
shopping/ clubbingtonight.
Here are three famous quotations, each using a
future form. Which is your favourite?
Compare your answers with a partner, then make
'Wfun I was six statements about what you plan to do next
!ruU, I uas to[], Tou'$seewficnyou're I
weekend, using the vocabulary above.
fifty.' I *rfiftg onl I finoen'tseeno tfi.ing!' I
E4s:Y- ..-r-€'-3 Answer these questions.
a _-_-^*_.d-*nff-
7. Do you like goingto barsl
'Otdnen ore{a,ngerous. to tfum ufrat is
It doun't ffi.o.tter f; 8. How often do you go awayfor the weekend?
goiry to frappento tfu wor{i.' I 9. When was the last time you went away
/t-tttsemardsfraat
----.'*-,-*_*F-^8
-f-*-..--- ._...-nF* somewherel
lO. Haveyou ever been fishing? What did you catch?
'I {isapprooeof wfrotyousay' 6ut I wilt fufenl to tfiz dcatfi
I I l. What was the last day-tripyou went on?
your rigfit to say it.' I
'l/o[taire *-.e<*e-a
--..-*.-**. ^^-'f^** Vocabulary
What is the difrerencebetween a meeting, an
Can you say this short Poem?
appointment and a date?
Tomotol(stcfr.up I Make sentencesby matching the beginnings l-'{
If y* dorct sfrn"kp tfu,6ott[2, I to the endings a-d.
^{qu'ff cortt,anl tfun o {ot'ff. *-t
'-F l. I've got an appointment J
Pronunciation
2. I've got a blind date with J
3. I've got a meetingwith J
A ln the conversation Steve said:'l'll have to
f d git. the place a really good clean' . Practise
4. I'm meetingup with J
a. my boss at four,which should last until six or so.
'll.
saying these common sentences with b. some friends of mine later for a drink.
c. at the dentist'sat five.I'm dreadingit.
l. Right,l'll see you later.
d. this friend of a friend.
2. lt'll be all right on the night.
Now make sentencesby matching the beginnings
3. She'llbe with us in five minutesor so.
5-8 to the endings e-h.
4. What'll you sayto your boss?
5. How'll we recogniseeach otherl
5. I'm goingto go and visit J
6. You'll regret it.
6. I'm going round to J
7. l'll see what I can do.
7. I've got a date with J
8. There'll be a lot of people you know there. 8.
e.
I'm meeting
a friend'stonight.
J
9. So,where'llwe meet,then?
f. some friends later on this evening.
10. I'm sure we'll meet again.
g. a friend of mine in hospitalthis afternoon.
In what kind of situation would you say number 6? h. this gorgeousguy/girl I met yesterday.

52
 7 Yourweekend

Real English3 a friend's

This is how you talk about a friend'shouse or flat.
Steve used the expression'No rest for the
We're meetingot Steye'sbeforegoinground to Stewort
wicked!' at the end of his conversation with Ken
ond Jone's.
on page 50. We use this expression to make fun
We often also say Steve'sploceor/one's ploce.
of friends when they have to work - and we don't!
Whose plocedo you go to most often?
Complete the common idioms below with the
words in the box.

choosers joking me see devil present

Discuss these questions with a partnea

a. L o n gt i m en o . . . . . . . . . .!
l. What is the differencebetweena date and a blind b. T a l k o f t h e . . . . . . . . . . !
datel Haveyou ever been on a blind date? c . Beggarscant be
2- How often do you havea dentist'sappointment? d . Ratheryou than
3. Do you ever haveto go to meetingslWho with? e . There'sno time
1. Do you remember your last date,meetingor f. Youmustbe..........!
appointmentlWhat about your first datel
Complete these short dialogues with the idioms
a-f above.

t . A: Hello,Jack,. ....... !
In pairs, plan an ideal weekend. Think about
B: I know. I haven'tseen you for ages.
wtrether you want to
A: When are we goingto plan the partyl
' stayat home or go awaysomewhere. B: Well, .., isthere?
' relax or keep busy.
' stay in the town or go out into the country. 3 . A: We're goingto the opera tonight.
' be on your own or with friends. B : O p e r a ?. . . . . . . . ! | c a n ' tt h i n k
. eat out or at home. of anythingmore boring!
4. A: I think Jane'sjust a bit annoyedbecauseof
Now talk to another partner and tell them what happenedearlier.
tbout your plans for your ideal weekend. B: Oh, . . ! H e r es h e
comes now. Let'sask her about it.
Next, plan a really cheap weekend with your new
partner. When you have done this, talk to a 5. A: Look, the cheapestflight leavesat midnight
difierent student and compare your plans. and gets in at four in the morning.
B: Let'stake it! .. . .. . . . !
6. A: I was wonderingif you could lend me f50
Festivals till next Friday.
Ar= you interested in going to festivals such as B:... . . . . . ! l ' m s t i lw
l aiting
dre one shown in the pictures? lt's Samhuinn for the f5 | lent you last week!
(pronounced Soyin) - an old Celtic festival, held
h Edinburgh to celebrate Hallowe'en (All Souls) Which of these idioms do you think you'll use
and the end of summer. Do you have anything most often? Why?
3e this in your country?
U E i r r yJ r r a b u l a r l
What kind
With a partner, discuss what each of these kinds
of parties involves.
. a birthday party . a house-warmingparty
. adinnerpafty . arave
. a family get-together ' a stag night/a hen night
. .
a fancydress parq/ a surpriseparty
. ...theparty!
a farewell party
Which of these kinds of parties do you enjoy
going to the most?And the least?Why? Are there
any you've never been to?
Reell Englisht a rave
A rave is a party with hundredsof young people
and very loud danceor techno music,often held in
a warehouseor other largeempty building.
Sometimesthe venue is kept secret till a few
hours before it starts so that the policewill not
know about it. Peoplediscoverwhere the rave is
takingplaceby ringinga specialnumberor finding
out via the Internet.
Recl Englisht a stagnight/
a hen night
These refer to the parties usuallyheld before
two peopleget married. A stag night is when
the bridegroomgets together with his male
friends.A hen night is when the bride hasa
night out with her girlfriends.
;
collocations
Complete the sentences below with the correct
form of the verbs in the box.
break up gatecrash invite sort out
finish go on ruin throw
t . I t w a sa g r e a tp a r t y|.t . . . . . . . . . u n t i lt h e s m a l l
hours.
2. My girlfrienddumped me in front of everybody.lt really
3 . The neighbourscomplainedabout the noiseand,in the
end,the policeturned up and . . . the party.
4. We had a lot of trouble with these guyswho tried to
. . . the party. We told them they weren't
invited,but they just wouldnt listen!
5 . W h a t t i m ed i dt h e p a r t y ......... ?
6. Hey,remind me later.I must rememberto ...
LouiseandArthur to the house-warming.
7. You know Russell'sleavingsoon,don't you? I think we
should . . . some kind of farewellparty for
him.
8. Have you . . . everythingfor the office
Christmasparty yet? Do you need a handwith
anythingl
Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.
t . Haveyou ever gatecrashedany parties?Haveany of
your parties ever been gatecrashed?
2. What kind of thingswould ruin a surpriseparty?A
dinner partyl A familyget-together?A fancy-dress
partyt Have you ever been to a Party which was
ruined by something?
3 . What's the longestparty you've been to?

4iPlanningaparty
i .
You are going to have a party.put the following
in
order of importance.
lots of food some new people
loud fast music lots of differentkinds
reallyslow music of thingsto drink
lots of your friends somewherewith
atmosphere
Now compare your order with a partner and try
to agree.
Planningexpressions
Re-order the jumbled conversation below about
organising a party.
a. Right,l'll bring some musicif you sorr out
the food. How does that soundl
b. Brilliant.I'm lookingforward to it already.
c . Yeah,OK, no problem.l'll try and bring crisps
and thingslike that. What about the invites?
d . Well,to be honest,ld rather organisethe music,
if its OK with you.Couldn'tyou do the foodl
e . Oh, l'll do those.l'll be seeingmost peopleat
school this week,so that'il be easy.
Now underline the expressions above that you
coufd use when planning a party.
Reql Englishs the invites\
The normalword is invitations.
Invitesis common in informal
speech.
B P a r t ya n i m a l s
You and your partner have got ( 100 to organise
a
party for some friends. plan it together. Here
are
some of the questions you will need to discuss.
. What kind of parry do you want to have?
. When are you goingto haveit and wherel
. What do you think you'll needto buyl
. How manypeopleare you goingto invitel
. Will your party havea themel
Now walk around the class and invite as many
people to your party as possible. Use the
following:
We're havinga party on ... night.Would you like to
come alongl
When you are asked to someone etse's party,
make sure you ask these questions.
. Whereaboutsis it?
]J . When's a good time to
. ShouldI bringanything?
turn upl
-J
J lf you have already accepted an invitation to
another party on the same night, make sure you
turn down the new invitation using an exprerrion
_J from the role play on page 5l.
-J
Speaking
When you are invited to a party at afriend,s,
what do you normally take as a present? What
present would you give in these situations?
l. A friend is gettingmarried.
2. lt's your best friend'seighteenthbirthday.
3. A friend is movinginto a new flat.
Look at the picture below. What do you think
each object is for? Would you like to get any as
presents? What would you say if you were given
any ofthe others?
rlr - lJ.
6IL
 B P a r t ya n i m a l s
i'.?adirry1
Collocations
Before you read the article,
complete the sentences below
with the phrases in the box.
led to callsfor tighter laws
lose control
sufferingfrom shock
ended in tragedy
organisedcrime
got out of hand
t . Our holidayin Canadawas
supposedto be the trip of a
lifetime,but the whole thing
nearly when
our hired car went off the road
in the middleof the mountains.
One of the problemswith
mind-alteringdrugsis that people
who take them can sometimes
. . . . . a n de n du p
doing reallystupidor dangerous
things.
3 . The demonstrationwas meant to
be peaceful,but the whole thing
a n d e n d e du p
as a full-scaleriot.
4. Most murdersin Londonare
c o n n e c t e tdo . . .
rather than individualcriminals
working alone.
5 . The massacreof fifteen students
in Americahas
of guns.
on the possession
6. After the crash,three passengers
were taken to hospital
The article on the right is called
'Rave to the graYe' and contains
the six collocations in the box in
Exercise I above. Discuss with a
partner what you think the
connection between them
might be.
While
A Now read the article and
f l ,"" if you were right.
56
,^
A rave party nearly ended in tragedy last night, when over a hundred
people fell through the floor of the fourth-floor flat they were dancing in
a n d i nto the fl at bel ow . A mazi ngl y,no one w as ki l l ed, al thoug h seven
people were taken to hospital suffering from shock. The party was
organisedby a group calledTribal Spiral,and was held in a desertedflat
on a housingestate in EastLondon.lt is believedthat the extremelyhigh
volume of the techno musicbeing played weakenedthe structureof the
floor.
'l
Bert Jones,aged 54, who lives in the third-floor flat below, said: must
a d m i t, I hadn' t real l ynoti cedthe party goi ng on. l ' m a bi t hard of hear ing
a n d I di dn' t have my heari ngai d i n, but I coul d feel the vi brati onsf r om
somewhere. I just thought it must be kids messing around upstairs
somewhere.Then, the next thing I knew there was an almighty crashin
th e l i vi ng room, so I ran i n and the pl acew as ful l of dust and pl a st erand
people screaming.I just couldn't believe my eyes.I got the shock of my
life, I can tell you. Now l'm waiting for the councilto sendsomeoneround
to fi x thi ngs.'
The incidentfollows a number of complaintsabout techno partiesall over
th e capi tal and publ i c outcry about raves.A recent tabl oi d headline
screamed, 'SPACEDOUT! 11,000 YOUNGSTERS GO DRUG CRAZY AT
BRITAIN'SBIGGESTEVERDANCE PARTY',while the number of drug-
related deathsat raveshas risendramaticallyover the lastyear.All of this
will undoubtedly lead to callsfor tighter anti-ravelaws.The government
i s a l r eadyconsi deri ngi ntroduci nga new l aw w hi ch w i l l hel p pol icecr ack
d o wn on unoffi ci al gatheri ngsof thi s ki nd. They are proposinga bill
w h i ch w i l l al l ow pol i ce to break up any groups of more than t went y
people listeningto 'musicwith repetitive beats'and also intend to make
club owners responsiblefor any drugs being sold on their premises.A
'Things are getting out of
spokesmanfor the Metropolitan Policesaid,
hand, and obviouslywhat worries us the most is that where you have rave
parties and where you have drugs, you're bound to come up against
organisedcrime. We'd obviouslyappreciateany new law which gave us
more powersto tackle this problem.'
David Goodyear,a Stepney ambulanceman,claimed that many of the
partygoersat the Tribal Spiral event had failed to notice the floor had
collapsed.Most of the young people just carried on dancing - a fact he
put down to the mind-altering affects of Ecstasyand other so-called
'dancedrugs'.
However, there are signs that young people themselvesare already
looking for alternativesto the rave scene.One of the most successful new
clubsto have opened this year is the Domino Club.Here,young people sit
around drinking cocktailswhilst a DJ playslaid-backjazz.Thereisn't much
dancing- instead,the club-goersplay board gamessuch as Scrabbleand
Monopoly.Another club which has becomevery popular is The Big Chill,
w h i c h i s hel d i n a churchcal l edthe U ni on C hapel .l roni cal l y,maybeyoung
people today are closer to God than the government and the police
realise!
 B P a r t ya n r m a i s

Comprehension
Without looking back at the article, try to
correct these false statements using the exact
words from'Rave to the graye'.
l. The party was held inTribalSpiralt flat.
L Dancingweakenedthe structure of the floor.
3. Bert Jonesis fixing his flat himself.
1. This is the first complaintthere's been about techno
partiesin London.
5. There'sbeena smallincreasein the numberof
drug-relateddeathsover the last year.
6. The dancingstoppedwhen the floor collapsed.
Now go back and see if you remembered the
exact words correctly.
Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.
l. Haveyou ever been in a situationwhere you just
couldn'tbelieveyour eyes?
2. When was the lasttime you had to admit to
someonethat you just couldn'tresisrsomething?
3. When was the lasttime you just couldn'rmakeup
your mind?What about?
4. When was the last time you got so bored by
somethingthat you just couldn'rbear it any longer?
5. Haveyou ever been so annoyedby somebodythat
you just couldn'tbear it any longerand had to say
something? What did you sayl How did they feel?Did
it make you feel better?

Speaking
l. What's the noisiestparty you've ever been to?
L Why do you think young peopletake drugsl
3. ls your country'hard'or'soft' on drug-taking?
1. ls organisedcrime a problemin your countryl

couldn't wait
In the article, Bert fones said:'l just couldn't
believe my eyes.'Can you remember why?

What do you think just means in these

expressions?
a just couldn'tmakeup my mind.
b. just couldn't bear it any longer.
c. just couldnt wait.
d. just couldn'tresistthem.
e. just couldn't believemy eyes.

Now complete these sentences with the

expressions a-e above.

l. Sorry I've started without you, but I was expecting

you at five.I got so hungrythat.
There'sstill a little bit of chickenleft if you want it.
L When I saw what he'd done to his hair,
. ! lt was bright pink and green!
3. A: Did you manageto get some shoes?
B: Oh, it was awful,it reallywas.I went into dozens
of shoe shopsand tried on I don't know how
many,but . . So,in the end,
I didn't buy anything!
1. The meetingwas supposedto run from nine till six,
but after a couple of hours it got so boring
. . So I made my excusesand left.
5. I know I'm supposedto be on a diet, but the cakesall
looked so deliciousthat . Oh well,
I just won't eat all day tomorrow now!

57
 B P a r t ya n i m a l s

Talking
)iirry lr.abularl
In the'Raye to the graYe' article, you read that
politics the government is considering introducing a new
law. Can you remember why? Look back at page
Check you understand the meaning of the 56 if you need to.
highlighted words below. Then ask some
other students in your class the questions. Now make four sentences about laws by matching
the beginnings l-4 to the endings a-d.
l. Do you know anyonewho is a memberof a political
partyl l. They'regoingto introduce a new law to ban -J
2. What kind of thingsdo left-wingpoliticalparties
believeinl
2. They'regoingto introduce a new law to Protect J
3. They'regoing to introduce a new law to crack
3. What kind of thingsdo right-wingpoliticalparties down J
believein? 4. They'regoingto introduce new tax breaksto
4. What are the main politicalpartiesin your countryl encouraSe J
5. Which party cameto power in the last election? a. on illegalstreet trading.
6. Which party leadersin your country do you think b. smokingin all publicplaces.
are strong/weakat the moment?
c. peopleto havemore children.
7. Are any politicalpartiesbannedin your country?
d. the environment.
Whv?
8. What was the last politicalparty to be set uP in your
Now make four more sentences by matching
country?
the beginnings 5-8 to the endings e-h.
9. Haveany parties in your country split over the last
few years? 5. They'regoingto relax the drinking laws I
6. They'regoingto tighten the immigrationlaws I
7. They'regoingto changethe old adoption laws _J
8. They'regoingto legalise J
Complete these sentences with the correct form
e. becausethey're out of date.
of do or make.
f. to allow pubs to stayopen longer.
l . I t h i n kh e ' d. . . . a v e r y g o o dl e a d e r . g. geneticcloning.
2. The People'sParty didnt . . . . very well in the h . to make it more difficultfor peopleto get into
last election. the country.
3. I dont know why they . . .. him PartYleader.
He's completelyincompetent.
4. They've . . . . a big differencesincethey came
to power. Thingsare much better now.
' 5 . I c an' t .... u p m y mi n d w h o to v o te for.
6. We've got to try and . . . . a decisionby
tomorrow.
7. I wouldnt take those pills if I were you. They won't
. . . .you any good!
8. At some time in our life,we all
somethingwrong and we all .. . . mistakes!
9. Do you think you can . ' . . the shoppinglater,
if you get time?
10. I'm only here for a few days,so I want to . . .
the most of my time.
I l. I've got an important client comingover later,so
please . . . . an effort to look your best.
12. I don't know why you like this kind of music!lt
doesn't . . . . a n y t h i n g f o rm e .

58
 ' -
/.Jq-e
r--lf ,7'l
. l
';s
,
I t,

t In groups of three, you are going to set up your

own political party. You will need to decide the
following:
. what you want to ban
' what you will crack down on
. what tax breaksyou will giveand to who
' what lawsyou're going to tighten
' what lawsyou'regoingto relax
' if you'regoingto legaliseanyrhing

Decide on a name for your party and then go

round your class campaigning. Your teacher will
then organise a class election. You're not allowed
to vote for your own party!

Politicalquotes
Do you agree with the three quotations below?
Why/why not?

The naturalrelationshipbetweena journalistand a

politicianshouldbe that of a dog towards a
lamppost.
Henry Mencken

Powertendsto corrupt and absolute

power corruptsabsolutely.
Lord Aaon

I must study politicsand war so that my sons

may be free to study Mathematics and
Philosophy.
I

JohnAdams

59
 Conditionals

Choose the correct form. Make sentences by matching the beginnings l-6
to the endings a-f.
l. BeforeI left home,I haven't/ | hadn'tbeengetting
on very well with my parents. l. lf he does that one more time, J
2. I'd / I'll die if that happenedto me. 2. lf he did that to me, J
3. ,ir. What are you up to tonightl 3. I'd givethat a miss -|
B : I ' m m e e ti n g/ l ' l l me e t s o mefri e n d s . 4. I won't be able to do that -l
4. i'ri So,how come you decidedto go to the doctorl 5. I'd be able to do that _|
B: Well, I didn't feel / | hadn'tbeenfeelingwell for 6. I'll buy that for you _J
ages,so it seemedlike the right thing to do.
a. I'd leavehim.
5. lf he does that one more time, l'll / I'd scream!
b. if you don't find the instructions.
6. We weren't / We hadn't been getting on very well
for ages,so we decidedto end the relationship. c. if I had the money.
d. if I get a Christmasbonus.
7. We'll go /We're goingto the cinematonight.
Do you want to come with us? e. I thi nk l ' l l scream.
8 . lf I'm / | were you,I'd be reallyupsetabout it! f. if I were you.

9. Will you / Are you goingto tell me when it's
five o'clock,pleasel
t 0 . l'll / I'vegot to go and pick the kids up from school
in a minute,so I'll phoneyou backlater,OK?
With a partner, discuss what you think'that'
could mean in l-6 above.
Now use these five sentence starters to tell a
partner some things about yourself.

M u l t i p l echoice ...
7. l f I w as a man/w oman.
...
8. lf I spokebetter English,
Choose the correct alternative.
9. l f I w as ol der,...
l. H o w c o m e. . . I 1 0 . l f l w a s n ' ts i t t i n gh e r e , . . .
a. y ou bou g h ts u c ha n o l d c a r
| 1. lf I could take a year off, ...
b. did y ou b u y s u c ha n o l d c a r
2. Did y ou m a n a g e... ?
a. findingthose shoes b. to find those shoes Conversation
3. lt was r ea l l y... .
Put the jumbled conversation below into the
a. m uc h m o re b e tte r th a n mi n e
correct order.
b. m uc h b e tte r th a n m i n e
4. I r eallyen j o y ... .
a. liv inghe re b. to live here
a. So,what are you up to this weekend? IJ
b. I don't know. I haven'tgot a clue.I supposeit
5 . I was r eal l yfe d u p ... . dependshow good my Greek gets. J
a. with sittingaroundall day b. to sit aroundall day
6. I ' m g o i n g. . . .
c. Don't you think it'd get boringafter a while? J
d. StudyinglOh right,your Greek course.
a. on a day-tripto Bath How come you decidedto start that? J
b. out for a day-tripto Bath e. I'm going awayto Wales. Would you like to
7. I'msupposed ... . comel _t
a. playingtennis b. to be playingtennis It couldn'tbe more tediousthan beingstuck
8. Don't worry. ... . in front of a computer all day! _l
a. lt's just a simplemistake g. Oh, I'd love to, but I'm afraid I can't.I've got to
b. lt jus t i s a s i m p l emi s ta k e do some studying. J
9. I alwaystry to avoid ... . h . Well, I supposeit was becauseI've always
a. talkingto him if I can b. to talk to him if I can wantedto live and work on a Greek island. J
10. I c an s t ill re m e m b e r... . I know what you mean.I'm half-blindalready.
a. watching her leave b. to watch her leave So,you think you'll get a job out there,thenl J
Compare your answers with a partner and discuss
how you made your choices.
60
 Units5-8
Review:

Collocations
Match the verbs l-10 with the best collocations
Look back at the strong adjectives and follow-up a-j.
Gorrrments on page 45. Tick all the words you can
l. watch a. smoking
rernember. Ask a partner about anything you
Itrye forgotten. 2. make b. your cigaretteout
3. go out c. reallyearly I
Can you think of some instances from your own 4. stop d. a photograph
Ife where you could use some of the words and 5. go e. too muchTV
phrases?Tell a partner as much as you can about 6. take f. for a meal
dtem. 7. get up g at home
8. put h a big decision
9. stay everywherefor something
Expressions 10. look on a date
J
Complete the short dialogues below with the
Now match the verbs I l -18 to the best
expressions in the box. All the expressions are
collocations k-r.
fr.om units 5-8.
I l. gatecrash k. a fuss
make up my mind you'll regret it
12. eat up t. a new law
I lust felt like it that's a good question
13. feel m . a j ob
what a nightmare ! would if I could
14. introduce n . them like second-class
citizens
| 5. accept o. pleased with myself
l . A : Why did you go and haveall your hair cut offl
| 6. treat P. income tax
B: I don't know.
47. make q. all my free time
2. A: They lost all my luggageand then we got delayed 18. rai se r. a Party
for three hours.
Oh,no! ........! Discuss these questions with a partner.
3. Can you give me a hand to move this tablel
19. What eats up most of your free time?
No, sorry. . . , but I'vegot to rush.
I'm late for work. 20. When was the last time you had to look everywhere
for something?Did you find it in the end?
4. I'm just goingto haveone more cream cake.
21. Haveyou ever madea bigfuss?WhylWhathappened?
I y o u l d n t i f I w e r ey o u . . ....... !
22. Havethey introducedany new laws in your country
5.
::T::::::i::'ft?:::
.',;il-,".,T:*i,'$: recendy?

6. Did you buy anythingin the end?

No, nothing.I just couldn't .. what English
I wanted.
Match the statements l-6 to the responses a-f.
Can you think of three other sentencesyou might
rcspond to by saying:'Oh no! What a nightmare!'? l. I'm goingto GuineaBissaunext year.
I
Can you think of three other sentencesyou might
2. I'm goingto study in Edinburghfor a year.
-J
lespond to by saying:'l wouldn't if I were you.
3. lt's so expensivehere in London,isn't itl
J
You'll regret it'? 4. What are you up to this weekend?
_J
5. Doing anythingtonight?
J
6. Did you get an invite to Ann's party?
J
a. Tell me about it! I've alreadyspent most of the
money I camewith!
b. Good for you!You'llhavea great time.
c. No, I didn't eyen know she was havingone!
d. Yes,I am, actually.I'm going round to Jane's.
e. Where on earth is that?
f. I'm goingto my country cottageon Fridaynighc

You have one minute to memorise the respons/es

a-f. Now cover Exercise 8 above. Your partner
will read out the statements l-,6. How many
responses can you remember?
 Review:
Units5-B

ldioms
Make sentences with idioms by matching the Answer these questions with a partner. Then
beginnings l-8 to the endings a-h. compare your answers with another pair. Who
got most answers right?
l. lt's a real weight a. plainsailing.
2. No rest b. me mad. l. lf there'sno signof someone,does that meanthat
3. After that it was you can't find them an)rwhereor that they haven't
c. be choosers.
sent you a letter?
4. lt'd drive d. the devil.
2. How manydifferentkindsof partiescan you think
5. Longtime e. off my shoulders. ofl
6. Talk of f . for the wicked. 3. Could you be arrestedfor lightingup on a plane?
7. Beggarscan't g. than me. 4. lf you spentthe weekendjust messingaround,what
8. Ratheryou h. no see. did you do?
5. What's the differencebetween left-wingand
right-wing?
remember?
6. Who would break up a party and whyl
With a partner, note down as much as you can 7. When you go to the dentist's,do you make an
remember about the two texts you read in units appointmenror a date with him?
6 and 8. 8. lf you don't like,for example,earingfrogs,would you
-Y-Y-Y say:'lwouldn't eat a frog if you paid me' or
r \. i- 'l
n n t! ii !', ri wouldn't eat a frog if you askedme'?
\ \ \ \ \ 1
9. lf you and some friendsgo to a nice little French
The cost of a cigarette place,what are you goingto dol
1 0 . lf you're a heavysmoker,does it meanyou're fat or
that you smoke too much?
il. What is the differencebetweengoingshoppingand
doi ngthe shoppi ngl
12. Does a planetouch down at the beginning,
in the
middle,or at the end of a flight?
t 3 . lf somethingdragson, does it happenreallyquickly
or does it take foreverl
1 4 . lf you can be on board a plane,can you be on board
a boat?

I t 5 . How could a governmenttightenlawson drinking?

On immigrationl
16. Are your relationsthe sameas your relativesl
Rave to the graye 17. Do you go on a day-trip or havea day-tripl
18. You playtennison one and you might end up in one
if you're arrested.What is it?
t 9 . ls a cosy room largeor small?
20. Where do you work if you are one of the cabin
crew?

Now compare what you remember with another

pair. Who remembers more?

Which text did you enjoy more? Why?

62
L = a r .' = l
_ a
-- ?i
* < a J J -
ll"L
a :'ft, I l ' t l t ?
J - i J ' J j j
? -
tr=-rt'-!
Discuss these questions with a partner.

l. How do you learnvocabularylDo you think you do it well or badly?

L Do you read texts to learn vocabularylWhat kind of texts?
3. What do you do if you don't understanda word?
1. What kind of dictionarydo you usel
5. Do you translatewords into your language?Why/why not?

Now read this text and see if you are like any of the students mentioned.

Has the text made you change your mind in any way about the way you study?
UgingJacabularl night?

Complete the sentences below with the words in

Lifestyle the box.

What sort of lifestyle do you lead? Do you go out

absolutely house
every evening or are you the stay'at'home tyPe?
catch up loads
depth seat
Read these descriptions of what some people did
halfiruay single
last night.
horrendous taking it up
l. I went out for a walk aroundtown.
2. I rang my sister. l. I had a terrible time. I didn't know a(n) .
3. I watched the semi-finalon TV. person there.
4. I just had a quiet nightat home. 2. I had a terrible time. The servicewas
5. I went to my eveningclass.
3. I had a terrible time. We had .. .. nothingin
6. | finishedpaintingthe kitchen.
common.
7. I had an early night.
8. I visitedmy neighbourin hospital. 4. I had a terrible time. I was completelyout of my
9. I tried to find a cheapflight on the Internet.
10. I went to the laundrette. 5. I had a terrible time. I fell asleeP. . .. through.
6. I had a great time.We got on like a(n) . .. . on
Which of these things do you do? Which do you fire.
never do?
7. I had a greatti me.I met ....of i nter est ing
people there.
fl Listen to four people talking about what they
I d aia last night. When you have decided what 8. I had a great time. lt was really nice to
after all this time.
they did, tick the correct number in the list
above. 9. I had a greattime. I'm thinkingof . ... more
seriously.
10. I had a great time. I was on the edge of my . .
the whole way through.

With a partner, practise asking and answering

these questions using the answers above. Try and
keep each conversation going for as long as you
can.

a. So how was the play?

b. So how was your datel
c. So how was your ltalianclass?
d. So how was the party?
e. So how was the meal with your friends?

Speaking
When was the last time you had a great time?
A terrible time? Why?
 9 Lastnight

b Erercise I on page 64, one speaker said they With a partneri discuss the differences in meaning
r:le guite tired when they got in from work. between the highlighted words in these pairs of
Tbt? :u1emany collocations with get. Complete sentences.
t -ntences below with the words and
4rcssions in the box. a. I had a chat with her.
I had a talk with her.
We gossipedabout the boss.
We talked about work.
c. I did the washing-up.
I did the washing.
d. I went to a disco.
We endedup goingto a disco.
I got . . . last night.Do you like itl e . I missedthe last bus home.
I think it's a bit too short at the back myself.
I reallymissedher when she was in Spain.
L I tried to get some . . . from the cash f. I went out last night after work.
machinelast night,but it wasn't working.
I left work last night about five.
3. I got . . . from an old friend of mine last
night.I hadn'tspokento her for ages,so that was Now complete these sentences with the
nr c e. sentences a-f above.
+ I poppedout to set
:.::: :::]1.T*:'so r. yes,Mr Fairhurst, . . aboutit.
I'm sure Evewon't be late again.
5. I got really . . . last night watchingTV.
I watchedthat documentary/about Hiroshima. 2. I bumped into Marie yesterday, which was nice.
. . about,you know, nothing much,
6. I'ye never seen rain like it - | got really
but it was nice to see her.
. . . on the way home last night.
3. I had a drink with Bill lastweek.
7. I got a real . . . last night.An old school
and nothingelseall evening!
friend of mine turned up out of the blue!
4. Someof us went for a drink after work the other
8. Hey,you won't believeit. I've finallygot
day.lt was awful . . . . . for ages.I'm
I start next Monday.
gladhe wasn'tthere!
9. My car broke down, so I had ro get the last
5 . I haven'tgot anythingto wear tomorrow. lt reallyis
... home.
time.
r0. I walked around town a bit, but ended up getting
6. Justlook at all those dirty dishes.lt's time
.. . I had to ask someonewhere I was!

Go back and underline the get expressions. 7. I had a crazyevening.I met some old friends and we
went out for dinnerand then eventually
You can use get with all of the following words.
Use them to say something true about yoursetf My legsare killingme this morning!
or people you know. and didn't stop dancingall night!
9. I'm reallyannoyed.I didn't get home until rwo last
annoyed anSry uPset night.
better soaked worried 1 0 . Janecame back last week.
tired married sleepy
il. and just went straighthome.
well paid lazy Pregnant
t2. I should haveknown better. . . . with a
few people from my departmentand I didn't get in
When was the last time you ... till 3 am. I feel terrible.
. had to get a taxi homel
' got in really late?
. got stuck in traffic?
' got stopped by the policel
 Q l:<t nrnht

' - 7 ?l
?
-
- . J - r . - . . . : J
'
? . ?
l '
Speaking

Discuss these questions with a partner.

listen
t . Haveyou ever beenchattedup by someonemuch
Are there any places you would never go out to youngerthan youl W hat happenedl
in your town? Why not?
2. What's the worst club,disco or party you've ever
beentol What made it so bad?

While listen 3 . How often do you eat foreignfoodl What's your

fi Rose and Lucy are having breakfast in the
O J kitchen of tne flat they tf,.t". Listen to them
talking about what they did last night. Cover the
conversation. As you listen, try to answer these
questions.
l. What did Roseand Lucydo after work?
2. What time did they go to bed?
Listen again and try to fill in the gaPs in the
conversation below.
favourite?
4. Do you ever feel you watch a bit too muchTV and
that you shouldgo out a bit more instead?
Real Englishs I bet he hadn'teven L
started shaving.
It is very common for friendsto makecomments
to eachother starti ngI bet ... .
I bet John'sgoingto osk Angieto the porty!
I bet you'rewishingyouA gone!
I bet their cor will breokdown!

Reol Englisht get a cab \ We sayI bet ... when we are fairlysure that what
Cab is correct spokenEnglishfor a taxi. we are sayingis true.

Yougeto cob.l'll wolk.

The Worst Disco in Town!

Lucy: Hey,Rose,there'sa letter for you. Rose:You'reso cruel.
Rose:Thanks.You must'vegot in late last night.I didn't Lucy: Well, I just figuredit was better he found out
ev enhe a ry o u c o m e i n - a n d (l ) . . (7) . . . that I was old enoughto be his
after one. mum!
Lucy: I did,actually,yes.I went and met some old friends Rose:I thoughtyou were supposedto be there talkingto
from collegethat I hadn'tseenfor ages. ol d fri ends.
Rose:Oh, (2) . . . ?That must'vebeen nice. Lucy: I was,but there was so much noise,you couldn't
reallyhavea proper conversation. And then to top
Lucy: Yes,we had a drink and a chat and caughtup with
all the gossip.You know what it's like. it all,I missedthe lasttrain home and had to get a
caband (8) .. . three!
Ros e:Uh- huh .
Rose:Didn't you?Youmust be feelingexhaustedthis
Lucy: Then we had (3) . . . and then another
morni ng,then.
drink and then we (4) . . . goingon to
this awfuldiscoin town. Lucy: Yeah,I could do with another hour or two in bed,
that'sfor sure. (9) . . . , what about
Rose:Oh, did youl Which one?Not Stardust!No, surely you?How was your night?
not Stardust?
Rose:Oh, it was OK. I just did a bit of shoppingon my
Lucy: I'm afraidit was,actually- and it was really way home,cooked myselfsome ramennoodles.
terrible,just full of kids and the musicwas so loud
(5) . . . lt was like beingbackat L u c y :C o o k e dy o u r s e (l f1 0 ). ........ I
schoolall over again.Kids of fourteenactingas if Rose:Ramennoodles,you know,just Japanese
noodles.
they were eighteen! Lucy: Oh, OK.
Rose:I could'vetold you that! Rose:They'rereallyquick and easy,and then I iust did a
Lucy: This boy came up to me - you know, bottle of bit of tidying-up,you know,nothingamazingor
beer in his hand,actingall macho,and askedme to anything, read for a bit,watched( | l) .
dance!| bet he hadn'tevenstartedshaving! - some film - you know the kind of thing that'son
Ros e:A nd did y o u l late on Channel4. Actually,I was so tired, I fell
asl eepi n the mi ddl eof i t!
Luc y : W hat ?D a n c ew i th h i m?(6 ) . . l Then
I told him I was thirty-five! Lucy: Oh, don't!You'remakingme feel evenmore
exhausted!

56
 9 L a s tn i g h t

U st n g g r a { f i t f t V f Talking
Complete these sentence starters in ways that
Respondingwith auxiliaryverbs
are true for you. lf you can, think of things which
Look at these common ways of responding to are interesting or unusual.
f,
v7 what someone says. Then
listen and practise l. I can.
saying the expressions in colour. 2. I'd really love to
Auxiliary question + follow-up question 3. Believeit or not, I've never
-1, I met our old Englishteacheron the train last night. 4. When I was younger,I once
5. Lastnightl....
B: Oh, did y ou?How i s s h e ?
: She'sfine,shet working at another school now,
Now tell a partner what you've written. Your
teachingyoungerkids.
partner should respond first by using an auxiliary
Auxiliary question + follow-up comment question and then by adding a follow-up question
': H.y - great news! I've just passedmy drivingtest! or comment. Try to continue these conversations
B. Oh, haveyoul Congratulations. You must be really for as long as you can.
pleased.
: Yes,it's excellent.Now all I need is the moneyfor a For more information on how to use auxiliary verbs
when responding,see G I l.
car.

First respond to the statements l-8 with an

auxiliary question. For examplezCon you? Hove
you? Then add one of the follow-up comments
atr.

t . A: rt or not.
B:
f\:

B:
3 . A: I had a fight with my boy/girlfriendyesterday.
B : . . . . . . . . .?.
4. A: I was thinkingof goingto rhe circusthis
weekend.
B:
5 . A : I think I'm gettingthe flu.
B: ....?
6. A: I usuallyplayfootball on Saturdays.
B :. . . . . . . . ?
..
7. A: Eventually, I'd like to end up livingoverseas.
B : . . . . . . . . .?.
8. A, I'm goingto see Marco tonight.
B : . . . . . . . . .?.
a. Who do you playfor?
b. How was it?
c. S ay ' Hello'f r om me .
d. Haveyou sorted everythingout yet?
e. Keep awayfrom me, then.
f. Where's it onl
t. So,when are you goingto invite me round for
d innert,hen?
h. An)rwhereparticularin mind?

With a partner, practise reading out the diatogues

aboye, but add a third comment - as in the two
examples at the top of the page.
 9 L a s tn i q l r l

M a k i n g s u r ey o u u n d e r s t a n d Real English3 My car cost over \

two grand.
How do you feel when you don't understand I n i n f o r m a l s p o k e n E n g l i s ha g r a n d i s o n e t h o u s a n d
something someone has iust said to you? How p o u n d s .I n n u m b e r s i x i n E x e r c i s e3 e i g h t y q u i d i s
do you deal with this problem? i n f o r m a l B r i t i s h E n g l i s hf o r e i g h t y p o u n d s .

When someone says something in a conversation

that you don't understand, it is not enough to say
simply that you don't understand. Here are some
ways of making it clear exactly what you don't
In the conversation on page 66, Lucy says:
understand. 'l
didn't get in until three.'
I surfedthe net last night. Why didn't she say:
'l got in at three?'
B : Y ou did w h a t l a s tn i g h tl
Surfedthe net - playedaroundon the lnternet. Complete these sentences by choosing
I went on holidayto Phuketlastyear. the more appropriate of the two choices.
B : Y ouwent w h e re ?
l . I h a d t o w o r k l a t e ,s o . . .
Phuket.lt's a beachresort in Thailand.
a. I got home at seven
( Listen and practise the dialogues above with b. I didn'tget home until seven
O d ^par t ne r. 2. The traffic on the way was really heavy,so ...
a. I didn'tget there until ntne
Now complete these dialogues by writing b. I got there at nine
questions to make it clear exactly what you
3 . W e m a n a g e dt o g e t t h e b u s O K , s o . . .
don't understand.
a.we were there by nine
l. My car cost over two grand. b. we weren't there until nlne
B: . ' . . .?
4. I was a late starter.
Over two grand,two thousandpounds. a . I d i d n ' t h a v ea g i r l f r i e n du n t i l I w a s t w e n t y - o n e
2. I had d i n n e ri n Be l l i n i ' lsa s tn i g h t. b . I h a d a g i r l f r i e n dw h e n I w a s t w e n t y - o n e
B: . . . . .I
5. I just had a fairly quiet night.
I n B el l i n i ' sth, a t n e w l ta l i a np l a c e . a. I didn't get to bed until eleven
3. I downloadedthis great articlelast night. b. I went to bed at eleven
B: . . . . .I
6 . T h e r e w e r e t h r e e s t a n d i n go v a t i o n s .T h e c o n c e r t . . .
I downloadedan article,you know,copiedit off a . f i n i s h e da t I l : 3 0
the lnternet. b . d i d n ' tf i n i s hu n t i l I l : 3 0
4. I arrivedhere on BoxingDay. 7 . I ' m n o t t o o b a d a t E n g l i s hc, o n s i d e r i n g. . . .
B: ...'.1
a . I d i d n ' t s t a r t s t u d y i n gu n t i l I w a s e i g h t e e n
On Boxing Day,you know,the daYafter b . I s t a r t e d s t u d y i n gw h e n I w a s e i g h t e e n
/
Christmas.26th December.
8. I was so busy that ... .
5. I went bungeeiumpinglastyear in Canada. a. I had breal<fastat midday
B: . . . . .?
b . I d i d n ' t h a v e b r e a k f a s tu n t i l m i d d a y
Bungeeiumping, you know,when you iump from a
bridgewith elasticround your legs. Can you explain your choice in each example?
6. T his s h i rt c o s t m e e i g h tyq u i d .
B: . . . . .I
Eightyquid,you know,eightypounds. Discuss
7. I found a babywren in my gardentoday. With a partner, answer these questions. Try to
B: ..'..? use not until . . . . Give reasons for your answers.
A babywren. lt must'vefallenout of its nest. You don't have to tell the truth.
8. We went to Alton Towers at the weekend.
l . W hat ti me di d you get i n l astni ghtl
B: .....1
park,like 2. When did you haveyour first boy/girlfriend?
To Alton Towers.lt's a kind of theme
Dis ne y l a n db,u t mu c hs ma l l e r. 3. W hat ti me di d you go to bed l astni ght ?
4. W hen di d you start studyi ngE ngl i shl
Compare your answers with your partner, then
practise the dialogues above in pairs.

68
 9 L a s tn i g h t

Linking
Cln page 66, Lucy talked about the disco: There's a thief in the class!
It was so loud,I could hardlyhear myselfthink.' At I pm last night, a terrible crime was
This is a common way of linking two ideas: committed - your teacher's car was stolen
lwas very tired. from the school car park. The police suspect
| ftll asleepin the middleof the film. two students from this class.
- | was so tired,I fell asleepin the middle
of the film.
t . The class decides which two students are most
l'ld<e sentences by matching the beginnings l-8 likely to have committed the crime. The pair
b the endings a-h. of suspects leave the room to prepare their
story. They should try to use as much
l. lt was so cold, language from this unit as possible.
L I was so exhausted,
J (Where were you when the crime happened?

3. I was so hungry,
J Who were you withlWhat were you doingl

1. It was so hot,
J All the detailsare important!)

5. His conversationwas so dull,

J 2. The rest of the class prepare to interview the
two students. (What will you ask theml)
6. I was so angry,
J 3 . Student one comes back into the room alone
7. I was so worried,
J and is interviewed by the class. When the

8. The film was so bad,

-J interview is finished, student two comes in to

a- I could'vekilledhim!
J be interviewed.
4. When both students have been interviewed,
b. I rangthe police. the class vote. Are they both guilty? ls only
c. I could hardlybreathe. one guilty? What should happen to them?
d. I walked out halfwaythrough. Decide on a suitable punishment!

e. I just went straightto bed as soon as I got in.

f. I could hardlysrop myselffrom yawning.
t- my handsfelt like they were goingto fall off.
h. I could'vecarriedon eatingall night!

n Listen,then say all these sentences,making

sure you stress so.

conversations
With a partner, complete these diatogues using
ideas of your own. For example:
A: So,how was that club you went tol
B: Terrible!Themusicwas so loud,I just had to leave.

l. A: So,what was that film like you saw last nightl

B: Well,to be honest,it was so bad,... .
2. A: What was the food like in that Frenchplaceyou
went tol
B: Reallygood.lt was so deliciouS,...
3. A: So,did you do anythingspeciallast nightl
B: No, I was so exhausted,
| ... .
4. A: So,how did your meetinggo last night?
B: T er r ible,it wa s s o ... , | ... .
A: So,did you sort everythingout with your boss
yesterdayl
B: No,I got so ... , | ... .
6 . A: So,did you passyour drivingtest?
B : No, I ' m af r aidn o t. I w a s s o ... , | ...

For morc information on how to use this linking

structune,see G 13.
 Speaking
Ji: !.'i t l ' - - , ' / ' ? l i 7 . a'
'l ot c . a . . t o'

Do you think any of the sentences l-9 in Exercise

Judging appearances describe the people in the picture below?
Compare what you think with a partner.
Which of the peoPle in the Picture below do you
find most/least attractive? Why? For more information on how to use these structures,
s e eG 1 4 .
Comptete these sentences by adding looks, looks
like or looks as if.
Recrl EnglishS a real creep/a bit of a
l. He/she got some kind of disease'
. . . . he's/she's
nerd
2. He/she ....amodelorsomething.
Creep is a very negativeword usedto describe
3. He/she ....abitofanerd. someonevery weird - usuallymale- who makes
4. He/she ....abitdull. women feel uncomfortable. Nerd is a negative
5. He/she . . . . he/shewouldn't sayboo to a goose' word usedto describesomeone- usuallymale-
6. He/she . . . . q u i t es e x Y . who is so obsessedwith a hobby,suchas
computers,that they haven'treallydevelopedany
7. He/she ....areal creeP.
soci alski l l s.
8. He/she about to collapse.
. . . . he's/she's
9. He/she ....abitdown. Haveyou ever met anyonelike this?

70
 10 Relationshios

UgirtgJr.aeular1 2l I bet
When we make guesses about people based on
their appearance, we often use I bet + a statement.
First decide if these adjectives describe character For example:
or appearance or both. Then mark them P or N, A: He looks like a bit of a nerd.
depending on whether you think they are positive B: I know. I bet he'sstudyingcomputingor something
or negative. like that.
A: He looks a bit mad.
J muscular
J flirty
B: I know. I bet he likes playingpracticaljokes on people.
J pushy J sexy
With a partner, haye conversations like this about
J plain -J macho the people in the pictures at the bottom of the

J forward -J unpredictable Page.

J warm
-J dishy
Chat-up
J quiet
J mature
lf you chat somebody up, you talk to them in a
J skinny
J cuddly friendly way to show that you're attracted to
them.'Chat-up lines' are openings that people
J down-to-earth I hairy use when they want to chat you up.

Now describe someone else in your class to your
partner using some of the adjectives above. See if
th.y can guess who you're talking about.
Real Englishs dishy
lf you find someonedishy,you find them physically
attractive.Some dictionariessaythat this is a
rather old-fashionedword, but manyyoung British
peoplein their twentiesuse it, particularlywomen.
Decide which of the following you think are the
best and worst chat-up lines. Compare your
answers with a partner.
l. Do you come here often?
2. Someonecall heaven- | think they'remissingan
angel.
3. What's a nicegirl/guylike you doing in a placelike
thi sl
4. Are you here by yourself?
5. Excuseme, but haveyou got a light?
6. Can I get you a drink?
7. Has anyoneever told you you'vegot reallylovely
eyes?
8. What are you doing afterwards?

Has anyone eyer tried to use these chat-up lines -

or similar versions in your own language - on you?
Have you ever used any yourself? Can you think of
any other chat-up lines you'ye ever heard? Did
they work?

71
 10 Relationships

Which of the following are most

reallu
important for you in a partner
or friend? Give each of the The latest census in the UK has confirmed that inter-racial marriages are
following ideas a score ( l-5): increasingly common, leading many journalists to claim that we are a totally
I means you think it is not
important;5 is very important. tolerant society. However, despite what the census might suggest, the truth is
that the vast majority of us tend to eventually marry a partner not only of the
money
J same race, but also of the same religion, class, age and background. While
senseof humour
J mixed marriages of various descriptions may be on the increase, prejudice and
age
J social and family pressures are still very much alive, and love cannot always
looks
J overcome them. We talked to two couples about their experiences.
nationality
J
dresssense
-J Rachel McCarthy and David Brown decided to leave Belfast, the city in Northern
intelligence
J Ireland that they both grew up in and where their parents still live, when they got
cooking ability
J married last year. Rachel is a Catholic and David is Protestant. The two halves
honesty
J of the Christian religion are still deeply divided in Northern lreland, and
religion
J although the bombing and killing which occurred between the two communities
has largely stopped, as Rachel and David know, people in mixed marriages are
Prepositions 'We
actually found it difficult to find a
often ostracised and verbally abused.

Before you read the article,
complete these sentences with
a suitable preposition. Check
your answers after you've read
the text.
t . It was awful when I had to break
the news of our grandmother's
death . . .. my brother.
My girlfriend'sa belly-dancer.
I was worried that my parents
wouldn't approve .. .. her.
3 . I've beengoingout . . .. my
boy'riendfor almost six years.
4. Personally, I dont reallygo
. . .. blondes.I much prefer
brunettes.
5 . He kept on askingme all these
really personalquestions,so
I just told him it was none
. . . . h i sb u s i n e s s !
It took the childrena long time
tocometoterms ....the
death of their rabbit.
What do you think a mixed
marriage is?What advantages
and disadvantages do you think
there are to mixed marriages?
place to live in Belfast because areas tend to be either Catholic or Protestant.
That's really why we left. Over here, we just look the same as everyone else and
no one really knows - or cares - that we have different backgrounds. It has been
very difficult, though, because we haven't had any support from our families.
Neither sets of parents have really come to terms with our relationship and that's
obviously been very painful.'
Jamie Brodlin is twenty now and has been going out with his partner, Jane
Fisher, for three years. Believe it or not, Jane has just turned sixty! They met
when Jamie was out clubbing with three friends. Jane was working in the
cloakroom and when Jamie came up to her and started chatting her up, she
'l
thought he was pulling her leg. thought he was just some lad with too many
beers inside him who was doing it all for a bet. It was only later when he phoned
me up to ask me out on a date, I realised just how mature and sensible he
really is.'
Jamie says:
'To
be honest, I never have gone for girls my own age. I tend to find
them a bit immature. They usually just want to talk about music and shopping,
whereas you can have a proper conversation with someone who's older. I guess
Jane was quite a bit older than my previous girlfriend, but there was just
something about her and about the way she moved and hung up the coats that
caught my eye. She's a very warrn and appealing sort of woman. My mates did
think it was a bit weird, but I just told them it's none of their business, and now
they don't really ask about Jane. Jane often stays in with my parents when I go
out clubbing. She says she's too old for that kind of thing these days, which is
ftne. I was worried that my parents wouldn't approve of her when I first broke
the news to them, but they've been fantastic. They found it a bit difficult to
accept I uras in love with someone old enough to be my gran, but when they met
her, they just got on really well. I don't know if ure'll ever get married. We'll see.

A Now read the article and We haven't really talked about it.'
f l r"" if any of your ideas are
mentioned.
72
 10 Relationshios

tDid the article mention any advantages or

-Gadvantages to mixed marriages that you Speaking
ddn't think of?
Discuss these questions with a partner.
Do you think the two relationships described in l. Haveyou ever gone out with anyonemuch older or
||te article are likely to last? Why/why not? youngerthan yourself?
2. How do you feel about relationshipswhere there'sa
Which of the two couptes ...
largeage difference?
l. get on well with their parents? 3. How would your parentsand friends react if you
L havebeen insultedin the streetl started going out with someonemuch older or
3. f'aceda lot of discrimination? youngerthan you?
1. dont socialisevery much togetherl 4. How would you feel about marryinga divorceel
5. havebeen ignored by most people in their societyl Whv?
5. How do you know when you're in love?
Now go back and underline the parts of the
article which confirm your answers. 6. Would you considermarryingsomeoneif there was a
big age difference?
What do you think of relationships
betweenthese pairs of people?
a. a man of fifty and a girl of eighteen
a woman of fifty and a boy of eighteen
Complete these sentences with words from the
article. b. a man of twenty-fiveand a girl of eighteen
a woman of twenty-five and a boy of eighteen
l. Marriagesbetween people of differentreligionsis c. a man of eightyand a woman of thirty
. . . . c o m m o nn o w . a woman of eighty and a man of thirty
2. There was a lot of family .. . . on me to become
a doctor. How would you complete these statements?
3. My mum didnt approveof my girlfriend,but I got a I wouldn'tget involvedwith anyonewho ...
lotof ....from my sister. I'd nevermarry someonewho . ..
4. A: Excuseme, but is there somewhereI can leavemy Can you think of any famous people who have had
coat? relationships with people much older or younger
B: Yes,there'sa . . . . just at the top of the than themselves?
stairs.
5. He's a typical macho . . . . , you know alwaysout
for a good time with his mates. Stagesof a relationship
6. I don't know about you, but personallyI don't find Decide in which order you think the following
that kind of man very . . .. . He's a bit too tall would probably occur. Use a dictionary or ask
for me. your teacher to help you with any yocabulary
you are not sure of.
Reol Englishs I thought he waspuiling
my leg
a. My wife/husbandand I are separated.
-J
lf someonepulls your leg,they are loking with you.
b. I'm getting married next week.
J
c. We've just got engaged.
J
d. I'm goingout with him/her.
J
e. My marriageis on the rocks.
J
f. We're havingmarriageguidancecounselling.
-l
g. I proposedto her/him last night.
J
h. We're in the processof getting divorced.
J
Now compare your order with your partner and
explain your choices.

Do any of the sentences a-h above describe any

people you know?
 10 Relationships

Usirl Grammar in context

With a partner, choose which of the nine
Expressions
with modals expressions in Exercise I is the best response
to the following.
Complete the fixed expressions in the short
dialogues below with the modal verbs in the box. l. We spent the whole day on the beachyesterday.
2. Can you believethey wouldn't let me in becauseI
can might must could couldn't should was wearingjeans?
3 . There were so many kids there yesterday,weren't
l . A : I usedmy best chat-upline on her,and then she there?
went and told me she was married! 4. That guy Mike we met last night is a bit of a nerd,
've
B: | . . . . told you that. I thought it was don't you think?
common knowledge.
So,what was that exhibitionyou went to last week
2. A: Paddy'smust be one of the best clubs in town. like?Any goodl
B: Y ou . ...s a y th a t a g a i n !W h aat n i g ht!
3 . A : The food there was terrible - again!
B: Well, you . . . .'ve known better after what
happenedlasttime.
Look at another useful modal verb expression
4. A: Does Rob ever invite you round to his place?
from the conversation that you heard in Unit 9
B: You . ... be joking!Rob neverinvitesanyone
between Rose and Lucy.
round to his place.
5. A: I went for a walk with my parents yesterday Rose: You must be feelingexhaustedthis morning,
afternoon,down by the river. then.
B: Oh, that . . . .'vebeen nice. You had some Lucy: Yeah,I could do with another hour or two in
lovelyweather for it. bed,that'sfor sure.
6. A: So,did you havea good chat with Stevelast nightl
B: N o t r e a l l y , n ol t.w a ss o l o u di n t h e p u b ,| . . . . . . . . . Complete the sentences below using I could do
hardlyhear myselfthink! with and one of the expressions in the box.
7. A: Did you seeJamietrying to chat up the cloakroom
attendantlast night? a bit more time a break
B: Yes,I know.I just . . .. believeit. She'sold more money a good night'ssleep
enoughto be his grandmother. somethingto eat a lie-in
8. A: We climbedover the fence and went for a swim in some help a holiday
their pool last night.
B: You . . . . be mad doing that!They'vegot an l. ls anyonefree?
alsatianand a rottweiler! This thing'sreally heavy.
9. A: My husbandforgot my birthday- again!
2. Hey,can we pop in here for a snack?| didn't get a
B: You never know. He might be planningto surprise
chanceto haveanythingearlier.
you later.
A : Yes,right! And pigs . . . .fly!
3. I'm so tired staringat this computerscreen.. . .
Complete the nine expressions used above.
4. I haven'tquite finishedit yet.
l. b eenni ce. ...,tobehonest
2. . .say that again!
5. I've been up to my ears in work this month. .. .
3. be ioking!
4.
5.
. be mad!
believeit!
6. ;,;;""; ;;,,*J :::::l:::
;;;""",r;,r;;
. . . tomorrow, that's for sure.
6. ...toldyouthat.
7. I'm pretty tired.
7. . . . . h a r d l y h e a rm y s e ltfh i n k !
tonight,if possible.
8. .. known better!
8. I'm pretty happ)rat work, but . .
9. Pigs. ..........!
I mean,I alwaysend up
broke by the end of the month.

For morc informationon horvto usemodals,seeGlS.

74
 Discuss

Tend to Do you agree with these statements? Tick those

you agree with and compare your answers with a
In t he ar t ic le on p a g e 7 2 ,l a rn i e s a i d th a t h e tends partner. Try and explain your choices.
to f ind gir ls his o w n a g e a b i t i m m a tu re .
t. M e n t e n d t o e a t m o r e j u n l <f o o d t h a n w o m e n .
2. W o m e n t e n d t o b e m u c h m o r e c a r e f u ld r i v e r s .
We often use tend to after the subject of a
se nt enc e and be fo re a n o th e r v e rb . l t me a n s 3. Women tend to tal<elonger to get ready to go out.
'g e ner ally , 4. Men tend to be much more selfish.
but n o t a l w a y s ' . W e a l s o u s e i t
a lot t o t alk abou t o u r h a b i ts . 5. Men tend to be more into sports.

Com plet e t hes e s e n te n c e s i n w a y s th a t a re true The cl ass w i l l now spl i t i nto mal e/femal e gr oups
fo r y ou and t hen c o m p a re y o u r a n s w e rs w i th your and your teacher w i l l gi ve you a few mi nute s t o
Pa r t ner . come up w i th some more i deas about the
di fferences betw een men and w omen. Make sur e
I t end t o wat c ha b o u t . .. . h o u rso f T V a day. each sentence uses tend to - you don' t w an t t o
I I t e n dt o s p e n da b o u t . . . . h o u r sa w e e l < start World War Three, do you!
studying English.
: I t end t o go t o b e d a t a b o u t . . . . m o s r n i ghts, Once you have come up w i th a l i st you al l agr ee
and I t end t o g e t u p a t a ro u n d w i th, fi nd a partner of the opposi te sex and
- | t end t o s pen da b o u r . . . . mostdays. explain what you have written. Do you agree on
the differences between the sexes or does one sex
i I tend to try and . . . . at leasttwice a weel<,if I
tend to have more ri di cul ous i deas than the
can.
other?!
: I t end t o ear c h o c o l a tema y b e
-
| t end t o do s o me s p o rt o r s o m e e x e rc i s emaybe

3 | t end t o . . . . e v e ryw e e l < e n d

i f,I h a v ethe ri me,
of course.

Who's harder-working, you or your partner?

Who's healthier? Who's lazier?

\
 Lig's3rring
Hair today,gone tomorrow!
Before you listen
Cathy: So,we've got to take this one and then changeat Cannon Street,
Have you eYer not recognised
somebody you knew? When? right?
What happened? How many
Diane: Yes,that's it. Hey,( l) . . what happenedwith
different reasons for not
recognising someone can you me and my dad on the undergroundlast yearl
think ofl
Cathy: No, go on, whatl

Diane: Well, (2) .. , I decidedto get all my hair cut

Whileyou
A Oiane and Cathy are taking
| ? ttt" underground across
London, chatting as they go.
Listen to Diane talking about a
strange thing that happened to
her.
Cover the conversation. As you
listen, try to answer these
questions.
l . W her e and w h e n d i d th i s h a p p e n
to Diane?
2. What was the problem?What
happenedin the endl
Listen again and try to fill in the
off, right?| alwaysused to havereally,reallylong hair - ever
since I was about fourteen or fifteen,you know - way down past
my shoulders- parted in the middlelike curtains.So,
(3) . . , about a week after I had it all cut off,
you know - reallyshort - and I looked quite different.
Cathy: Yeah,I bet.
Diane: So,anyway,(4) . . home on the tube, and I was
half asleepbecauseit was five or six o'clock and I was just
standingthere, (5) . . - and little did I know
that my dad was actuallycoming backfrom a businesstrip
abroad, passingthrough London on the undergroundto get his
train backto Durham. And (6) .. ? He got

I gaps in the conversation.

into the samecarriageas me!The doors closedbehindhim.So
there I am, standingthere face to facewith my own father!
I dont recognisehim at first, but then I think,'Ah,that's my dad"
Real Englisht pinch and,of course,he'sobviouslyonly seenme with reallylong hair
his wallet for the last ten years,and so (7) . . there,
lf you pinchsomething, you staringat him and he (8) . . on glancingat me
steal it. Pinchis a very informal
nervously,thinking,'Who's this lunaticstaringat mel' and I'm
word.
thinking- you know it's the strangestfeelingnot being
recognisedby your own dad - so I just stood there thinking,
'Well, (9) .. just get off at the next
Speaking
stop without tellinghim,or ( l0) . . risk giving
Do you ever ignore people you
him a nervousbreakdownand a heart attack by saying,'Hello,
know? In what situations?
d a d l 'B u t , a n y w a y ,l () l . . . . ....1 went,'Hello,dad'
What's the strangest/most 'Diane!'
and he went, and then said how he was Settingreally
interesting thing that's ever
worried becausehe thought I was a pick-pocketor a drug
happened to you while you
were travelling? addict(12) . .who'd beengettingreadyto
-
pinch his wallet or something and,um, yeah,that was a Pretty
strangeand funny thing.

Cathy: Yeah,reollystrange.

76
' i - ' ?
i t i t t ' j? :
Jt r, : L r l i 7 ! J
1 r Hairstvles
t -

l'latch the descriptions l-8 to the picturesA-H.

I He'sgot spikyhair.
I
2 . She'sgot curly hair.
J
3 . She'sgot a fringe.
-J
4 . He'sgot dreadlocks.
J
5 . She'sgot dyed red hair.
J
5 . She'sgot pigtails.
J
7 . She'sgot hair extensions.
J
8 . He'sgot short backand sides.
J
Have you ever thought of changing your hairstyle,
d yeing y our hair o r b l e a c h i n g i t b l o n d ?
Have you ever had a really bad, unusual or
different haircut? How did people react to it?

Slang
In the conyersation you heard pinch his wallet.
Match the slang words l-8 to the neutral
equivalents a-h.

l . C h u c ki t t o m e . a . l o s t h i s te m per
2. Have you got a fagl b. stolen
3. They went out boozing. c. throw
4. My bicycle'sbeen nicked. d. s e l l
5. I've decidedto flog the car. e. d ri n k i n g
6 . lt only c os t t en q u i d . f . crSarette
7. He'sa reallynice bloke. g. p o u n d s
8 . He f lippedhis li d . h . ma n

Always be careful with slang. You may think you

know what a slang word means, but sometimes it
has an extra meaning. In the examples in this
exercise, boozing means drinking in order to get
drunk. Slang is a dangerous area in all languages
and you should always check with a teacher
before using it.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.

l. Haveyou ever flippedyour lid?Whyl

2. Has anythingof yours ever been nicked?
What happenedl
 11 Tellingstories

Differentkindsof stories Tellinga story

Complete the sentences below with the words in Look at the pictures below and try to imagine the
the box. Then underline the expressions formed stories. The expressions below will help you tell
with the words. the stories. Work with a partner. Use one
expression from each group and plan how to tell
bedtime old hard-luck each story.
inside tall love
A. Introducing your story
Did I ever tell you about the time I
t . The story of Romeo and Julietmust be one of the I must'vetold you about the time I
world's greatest . .. stories.
Did I ever tell you about this friend of mine who
I ended up sitting besidethis guy who d iust got
divorcedand lost his job. I spentthe whole six-hour B. Giving background details
flight listeningto his .. . story. A few yearsago,when this friend of mine was
3 . A: The lift's broken down again! LastAugust when my familywas on holidayin
B: The same . . . story,then!
C. Introducing the problem
4. The kids saythey won't go to sleepunlessyou 8o uP A l l of a sudden,...
and read them their ... story.
Then suddenl y, ...
5. You'rea friend of Jane's.Nobody understandswhy
she'sleaving.Come on, you must know the . . D. How the problem was solved
story! Well, what happenedin the end was
6. A: Jasontold everyoneat work that heU won
f 10,000,but then managedto leaveit in a taxi!
B: I wouldnt believea word he says.lt soundslike
E. Finishing off the story
another one of his . . . stories.
things
It was one of the funniest/silliest/strangest/worst
that's ever happenedto me!
Speaking Lookingback on it, it was all very exciting/interesting/
strange/upsetting.
Discuss these questions with a partner. It seemsfunny now, but it didn't seem like that at the time!
l. What are the most famouslove stories in your
country? For more informationon tenseusatein storytelling,see
2. Do you know anyonewho tells tall stories?
3. What bedtime stories can you rememberfrom when
you were a kidl

StorytelIing expressions
fi First complete the dialogue below with the
ld *otas in the box. Then listen and check your
answers.

well really go on
you're joking so anyway

A: Did I tell you about what happenedto me in France

last yearl
B: No, I dont think you did.( I) . .
A: (2) .. . ., I was on holidaywith my Parentsin
this little villagenear the sea,and we ran out of
money.
B: ( 3 ) . . ..?That'sawful.
A: Yes,(4) . . . . we went into town to find a cash
machine - w h i c hw e d i d ,n o t r o u b l e .( 5 ) . . . . . . . . . . ,
when we put the card in the machine,it iust started
spiaing out loadsand loadsof money.
B: (6) . . .. ! So did you keep itl
A: Of coursewe did!Wouldn'tyoul

Practise reading out the dialogue with a partnea

78
 1 1 T e l i r n sq t o re s

J J .
: . " . Now report some of your sentences to the whole
J J
class and see who has made the funniest
-ing clauses examples.

Itrndre conyersation on page 76, Diane says:.1was

standing there - minding my own business.'
Pronunciation
ltr,rst
r'
't
t-:tt"n and notice where the speakerpauses:
Not ic e t hat s he d i d n o t s a y :' l w a s s ta n d i n g I
ctere. I was minding my own business.' There was this great big dog,sittingthere,barkingat me.

Crpss out the words which are not needed in these Listen to these short sections of speech and mark
J€ntences. the pauses.

I saw a man. He was breaking into a car. l . l t w as fi ve or si x o' cl ockand I w as j ust standi ng
there,mi ndi ngmy ow n busi ness.
Two firemen died. They were trying to get a child
out of the blazingflat. 2. My dad was actuallycomingbackfrom a businesstrip
abroad,passingthrough London.
The car broke down. lt was going up the hill.
3. H e keepson gl anci ng at me,thi nki ng,,W ho'this
s
He had a heart attack. He was playinggolf.
l unati cstari ngat me?'
I was smnding outside the bank. I was waiting for a
4. I was dancingabout in the streer,actinglike a fool.
DUS.
5. I w as l yi ngthere on the ground,screami ng
i n pain.
The policecaughtthem.They were trying to break
int o t he s hop.
Now listen again and underline the strongest
We caughtsightof the Queen.Shewas drivingpast stress like this:
on the way to the funeral.
There was this great big dog,sittingthere,barkingat me.
We had to wait ten minutes.We were standing
out s idein r he p o u ri n gra i n . Practise saying the sentences above, stressing the
S om ec hildr enw e re i n th e s h o p .T h e y w e re s teal i ng correct syllables and pausing in the right ptaces.
sweets. Then do the same w i th the sentences l -12 i n
E xerci se l .
Look back at the conversation on page 16 and
co m plet e t hes e s e n te n c e s .
S p e a kni g
0. lt was five or six o'clock and I was just standing
t her e, Re-tell your story from page 78 to a different
I. M y dad was ac tu a l l yc o m i n gb a c kfro m a b u s i n ess partner. This time, try to use some -ing clauses.
tripabroad,....
1 2 . He k eepson gla n c i n ta t m e ,

Practice
With a partner, complete these sentences by
adding as many -ing ctauses as you can.

t. There was this reallystrange-looking

guy,. .

2. I was r us hingar ou n dm a d l y ,

3 . o. rnr^;", , ;", o;t ;, . ..

"h8,
4 . So there we were, in this fancy restaurant

5 . ;r r.:;" *.r r,, there in tr'" o;. . .

"r

6 . Ther ewas t his hu g ec ro w d o u ts i d eth e p a rl i a ment

building, ...and

79
 11 Tellinostories

Differentkindsof stories Telling

Complete the sentences below with the words in Look at the pictures below and try to imagine the
the box. Then underline the expressions formed stories. The expressions below will help you tell
I with the words. the stories. Work with a partnea Use one
expression from each group and plan how to tell
bedtime old hard-luck each story.
inside tall love
A. lntroducing your story
Did I ever tell you about the time | ...
t . The story of Romeo and Julietmust be one of the
world's greatest I must'vetold you about the time | ...
.. . stories.
Did I ever tell you about this friend of mine who
2. I ended up sitting besidethis guy who d just got
divorcedand lost his job. I spentthe whole six-hour B. Giving background details
flight listeningto his . . . story. A few yearsago,when this friend of mine was
3 . A: The lift's broken down again! LastAugustwhen my familywas on holidayin
B: The same .. . story,then!
C. lntroducing the problem
4. The kids saythey wont go to sleepunlessyou go up
A l l of a sudden,...
and read them their .. . story.
Then suddenl y, ...
5 . You'rea friend of Jane's.Nobody understandswhy
she'sleaving.Come on, you must know the D. How the problem was solved
story! Well, what happenedin the end was
6. A: Jasontold everyoneat work that he'd won
f 10,000,but then managedto leaveit in a taxi!
B: I wouldn't believea word he says.lt soundslike
E. Finishing off the story
anotherone of his .. . stories.
It was one of the funniest/silliest/strangest/worstthings
that'sever happenedto me!
Speaking Looking back on it, it was all very exciting/interesting/
strange/upsetting.
Discuss these questions with a partner.
It seemsfunny now, but it didn't seem that at the time!
l. What are the most famouslove stories in your
countryl
For more information on tense usate in storytelling, see G
2. Do you know anyonewho tells tall storiesl
3. What bedtime stories can you rememberfrom when
you were a kid?

StorytelIi ng expressions
A First complete the dialogue below with the
f ? words in the box. Then tisten and check your
answers.

well really go on
you're joking so anyway

A: Did I tell you about what happenedto me in France

last year?
":
B: No, I dont think you did.( l) . .
A: (2) . . .. , I was on holidaywith my parentsin
this little villagenear the sea,and we ran out of
money.
B: ( 3 ) . . ..lThat'sawful.
A: Yes,(4) . . . . we went into town to find a cash
m a c h i n -e w h i c hw e d i d ,n o t r o u b l e .( 5 ) . . . . . . . . . . ,
when we put the card in the machine,it just started
spittingout loadsand loadsof money.
B: (6) . . .. ! So did you keep it?
A: Of coursewe did!Wouldnt youl

Practise reading out the dialogue with a partner.

78
 11 Telling
stories

Now report some of your sentences to the whole

5f fr class and see who has made the funniest
examples.

In the conyersation on page 76, Diane says:.1was

Pronunciation
just standing there - minding my own business.'
/^
'f
l-:tt.n and notice where the speaker pauses:
Notice that she did not say:'l was standing J
tfrere. I was minding my own business.' There was this grear big dog,sittingthere, barkingat me.

Listen to these short sections of speech and mark

Cross out the words which are not needed in these
the pauses.
s€ntences.

l. I saw a man.He was breakinginto a car.

2. Two firemen died.They were trying ro get a child
out of the blazingflat.
3. The car broke down. lt was goingup the hill.
4. He had a heart attack.He was playinggolf.
5. I was standingoutside the bank.I was waiting for a
bus.
6. The police caughtthem. They were trying to break
into the shop.
7. We caughtsight of the Queen.Shewas driving past
on the way to the funeral.
We had to wait ten minutes.We were standing
outsidein the pouringrain.
9 . Somechildrenwere in the shop.They were stealing
sweeB.
Look back at the conversation on page 76 and
complete these sentences.
10. lt was five or six o'clock and lwas just standing
there,
I l. My dad was actuallycomingbackfrom a business
tripabroad,...
12. He keepson glancingar me,
t . It was five or six o'clockand I was just standing
there,mindingmy own business.
2. My dad was actuallycoming back from a businesstrip
abroad,passingthrough London.
3 . He keepson glancingat me,thinking,'Who'sthis
lunaticstaringat me?'
I was dancingabout in the street,actinglike a fool.
I was lyingthere on the ground,screamingin pain.
Now listen again and underline the strongest
stress like this:
There was this great big dog,glttingthere, barkingat me.
Practise saying the sentences above, stressing the
correct syllables and pausing in the right places.
Then do the same w i th the sentences l -12 in
Exercise l.
Speaking
Re-tell your story from page 78 to a different
partner. This time, try to use some -ing clauses.
For more information on how to use -ing clauses,see G 17.

With a partner, comptete these sentences by

adding as many -ing clauses as you can.

l. There was this reallystrange-lookingguy,. .

2. I was rushingaround madly,

3. |;, ;,^;;;;r...................
""tn,^dry
4. So there we were, in this fancy restaurant

s ;; ;;:,";' ',;.';;,;.;;,;.;" ;.;::::::: :: ::

6. There was this huge crowd outside the parliament
building, . .. a n d
 II T e l l r n sq l o r r c , s

3 ] Speaking
D i scussthese questi ons w i th a partner.
Before
l . H asanythi ngl i kethi s ever happened
to you or
Have you ever heard of anyone putting an animal anyoneyou know l
int o a m ic r owa v e o r fi n d i n g a mo u s e i n a pi e or 2. W hat w oul d you do i f you foundthe fol l owing?
anything like that? ' a spi deri n your bath
a caterpi l l ari n your sal ad a restaurant
a mouse in your bedroom
While
a cocl<roachin your hotel bathroom
( Read t he a rti c l e b e l o w a n d th e n d i s c u ssw i th a s n a k ei n y o u r l < i t c h e n
ej a par t ner w h e th e r o r n o t y o u th i n k i t' s true. a s p i d e r i n a f r i e n d ' s h a i r ( s h e ' st e r r i f i e d o f t h e m )

55pidel"
Have \/nl _ y" *
1-eard hp storir ol
r f v u r v L r r v , ' c v l
J
v l the q o r t h p r n F n o l : n f l V / e n t l : Oj - i e i d O C t O l
uv!rLtrv11MrYrLrr1,
q n ' d c ' q l- h p d o r - t o fw a s a b l e '
'' nlieklv a'rd qet
wornan who drred her cat ln the F o t dal tsshe hadn' l j l een al l rel o sLeep " Y*'""',j
il free
mrcrowaveafteril had got wei - or the b e c a r i s eo f n o i s e s , n l L e i e a r T h e W h e r t s p e a k i t t gI O a c (.
one aboutthe woman who openeda alocior -oiii rtel ilrat 'r:-ir-r,''\ia-sltot few days later,the doctorr-.:
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 11 Tellingstones

Exaggeratingusing idioms
In Diane's story about her father not recognising
ldiomaticlanguage her on the tube, she uses exaggeration in the
following way:
Colourful expressions are a common feature of
storytelling, and help to make stories more . . . so I just stood there thinking,'Well,
shallI just get off
interesting. As you study this page, try to think at the next stop without tellinghim,or shallI risk giving
what these expressions would be in your own him a nervous breakdownand a heart attack by saying,
' H el l o,
language. dad' l '

What do you think she really means here?

In English, it is yery common to exaggerate by
ldiomaticcomparisons talking about illnesses,death, killing, and so on.
Complete the sentences below with the words in
We use strong comparisons to emphasise what we
the box.
are saying. For example:
It's a great bike.lt goes like a bomb!
He's got a great appetite.He eats like a horse! died die murder (x2)
death kill killing dying
Complete the sentences below with the
expressions in the box. l. I'm.. . . f o r acoffee.
2. Shegets awaywith
like clockwork like dirt 3 . M y f e e ta r e . . .. me!
like a chimney like death warmed up 4. ltk . . . . trying to ger him to do anything.
like a house on fire like a fish 5. I nearly . . . . when he told me that!
like a lunatic like a log 6. I nearly ....laughing.
7. I'm sick to . . . . of it.
8. I'd . . . . if anybodyelsefound out.
l. I usedto havethis friend who drank 9. lf he does it again,I'll . . . . him.

2. This guy was drivingalong
3. He's horrible to his wife. He treats her
4. When I saw myselfin the mirror, I looked
With a partner, discuss what you think the
common exaggerations above actually mean.
Now add one of the sentences I-9 above to the
end of each of the following.

a. I usedto be reallyinto dancemusic,but now

5. My granddadused to smoke
b. I cant wait to get these new shoesoff and get into a
6. The tube systemin Tokyo runs . nice hot bath.
7. I was so exhaustedthat I slept c. I can't wait for the break.
8. My sister and I get on . . d. That film was so brilliant.lt was so funny.
e. And then he said I'd been acceptedfor the team.
With a partner, check how many of these
f. Only you know it's a wig.
comparisons you can remembea Cover the list
and test each other. g. Dad'sa bit too easy-going
with her.
h. I askedhim time and time againto fix it, but
Tell your partner about anybody you know who:
i. That'sthe secondtime he'sthrown his rubbishover
. s m o k e sl i k ea . . . . driveslikea... into our garden.
' eatslikea... . l o o k s l i k e ... i n th e morni ngs
Do you have similar expressions in your language?
Have you ever heard any of the following Are there any phrases above you wouldn't feel
expressions? Can you guess what they mean? comfortable using?Why?

I've got a memory like a sieve.

I felt like a fish out of water.
She spendsmoney like water.

When was the last time you slept like a log?

Have you ever met anybody who you
immediately got on with like a house on fire?
. f € J -
Collocations
Before you read the text on page 83, make
nice! collocations by matching l-8 to a-h.

With a partner, think of three naughty things that t. crgarette a. to the ground
children sometimes do. Add them to this list: 2. I was grounded b. park
3. it was burnt c. thei r w eddi nganniver sar y
l . fight with their brothersor sisters 4. to celebrate d. the other kids to ice cream
2. watch videosthey shouldn't 5. 80 on e. for a week
6. a theme f. was refused
3 . experimentwith cigarettes
7. treat g. burns
4. 8. his credit card h. a spendi ng spree
5.
6.

On your own, decide which of the above are the

most and which the least serious. You are going to read about five different young
people being left on their own by their parents.
Compare your answers with your partner, and With a partner,try to guess what their stories
explain your choices. might be, using the eight collocations above.

Did you ever do any of the things on your list?

Do you know any children who do?

Have you heard the saying'Boys will be boys'? f . Now read the article and see if you were right.
Does your language have an equivalent? I / Wnich story is the most incredible?Why?
 1 2 D i f f r c u l tt o b e i , e Y e

I can't believe it!

We often comment on
incredible stories by making
fuc Alone' is one of the biggestbox office successesin movie history. Along
questions using the past
rih fussequel,'Home Alone 2', it grossedoverhalf a billion dollars worldwide.
continuous. These aren't
fp ask me, they're not particularly funny films. There's too much slapstick real questions - they are
horr for my liking - people slipping over or having their facescoveredin expressions of surprise.
Grm - but there is somethingabout the films which appealsto a deep-held We often reply to questions
trasy we all had when we were children: the freedom to escapefrom our like this using modal verb
Fcils and do whatever we wanted. expressions.

Uhm I was in my teens,my parentswent awayfor the weekendleaving me and Match each question l-3 to
r; si:rteen-year-old brother to fend for ourselves.We immediately rang up all two of the responses a-f.
c friends (and our friends rang their friends) and we had a p^rty. The police
trne and broke it up at three in the morning becausethe neighbours were l. What were the parentsdoing,
arrrrplaining about the noise. when we cleared up the following day, I found leavingall that money lying
aroundl
hrmdredsof cigaretteburns in the carpet. Luckily, we had an old piece of the
strDe carpet lytttg around, so I got my younger brother to go round the house 2. What were the securityguards
doing,lettinghim on the plane?
d stick little bits in the holes to coverthem up. It actually looked quite good
ad when my parents got back, it seemedthey didn't notice a thing and I 3. What was the kid thinkingof,
tharght we were in the clear. Unfortunately, when my mum came to do the spendingall that money?
hmvering later in the week,all the bits we'd put in the holescameunstuck.She
szrsnot very pleasedand I was groundedfor a week, while my brother got away I know! He could'vebeena
sith it becausehe said I'd forced him into it. Typical! Still, this little story is terrorist or something.
mthing comparedto someof the other horror stories about kids who havebeen b. I know!They should'velockedit
left'home alone'. away more safely.
c . I know! He must hate his
Terry andJerry Schneiderdidn't just find a few cigarerreburns when they came
Parents.
back, they found their whole house burnt to the ground. The couple had left
d . I know! He shouldn'thavetaken
their two children, agedtwelve and fourteen,in the house,while they went on
it in the first place.
a romantic weekendto Las Vegasto celebratetheir wedding anniversary.The
e . I know!Theyshould'vechecked
children had bought what they thought were indoor fireworks and were playrng
his passportbetrer.
with them. Unfortunately, the explosive Roman candle they lit was for use
qttside and it soon set fire to the sofa,curtains and carpet in the front room. By I know!They musr havemoney
to burn.
the time the children called the fire brigade half an hour later, the fire was
alreadycompletelyout of conrrol.
Now write four questions
John Thomas, a ten-year-old from Yorkshire, an areain the north of England, about the article showing what
was arrested after he shot a dog and terrorised walkers near his home in you are surprised about. Use
Keighley. He had taken the gun from a kitchen cupboardwhile his parentswere these sentence starters.
out shopping and had decided to do some shooting practice in some fields
*li::::
'::-::::::::T::1
nearby.'I didn't realiseI could kill anything, I just thought they were pretend
bullets,' he explained.
,
What were Terry and Jerry doing,
Lamine, a twelve-year-oldFrenchboy, went on a ten-dayspendingspreeat the
EuroDisneytheme park near Pariswith the ten thousand pounds he found ly,rg
around in his parents' home. As well as treating other children to ice creams, What wasJohnThomasthinkingol
burgers and free rides, he hired a chauffeur-driven car and slept in a three
hundred-pound-a-nighthotel.
And what were his parentsthinking,
PeterKerry, a schoolboyof fourteen,went halfway round the world after he stole ,
his father's passportand credit card. He had visited three separatecountriesin
twelve daysand spent almost six thousand poundsbefore he was finally caught: Ask a partner your questions.
his credit card was refusedafter his father cancelledit. It wasn't actually the They should try to respond
first time it had happened. Two yearsearlier he spent a week on his own in using a modal verb expression.
Germany.'I like travelling,' he said.
 12 D i f f i c u l tt o b e l i e v e
Using gtarnfftar
Pastsimpleand Pastcontinuous
Make logical sentences by matching the
beginnings l-8 to the endings a-h.
l. Shewas just sittingthere,reading,
2. Justas I was leavingthe house,
3. lt was rainingreallyheavilyas I was leaving,
4. I was livingin ltaly
5. I was just goinghome
6. Justas I went into my daughter'sschool,
7. While we were trying to decidewhere to 8o,
8. I resignedfrom my iob on FridaY
a. I rememberedthe tickets were on my bed.
b. so I grabbedan umbrella.
c. when the big Mafiatrials were happening.
d. when this guy suddenlystarted talkingto her.
e. I won this fabulousholidayto Jamaica!
f. and found a better one on SaturdaY!
8. she came runningup to me,crYing.
h . when my boss rang and told me I was going to
Washington!
Underline the past verb forms in each sentence.
Grammardiscussion
One sentence in each of the grouPs of three
below is wrong. Why?
What is the difference in meaning between the
other two sentences?
la. We were cleaningthe carpet when we were finding
the diamond.
lb. We got the systemcheckedout becausewe were
findinglots of problemswith it.
lc. We got the systemcheckedout becausewe found
lots of problemswith it.
84
2a. I was drivingthrough town when I got stoPpedby
this policecar.
2b. I was drivingthrough town when I was getting
stopped by this police car.
2c. I was drivingthrough town when I realisedI was
getting reallytired.
3a. I was cominghome on the tube when I suddenly
I bumpedinto an old friend.
3b. I came home on the tube when I suddenlybumped
-J into an old friend.
_J 3c. I came home on the tube when I missedthe last bus.
J Compare your answers with a partner.
-J
J Grammarcheck
-J
Complete these sentences by putting the verbs in
J brackets in the past simple or past continuous.
l. As I was on my way back from France,my car
.. . (breakdown)
2. W hen | . . .. .. . . home l astni gh t ,
I bumped into an old friend of mine.(walk)
3. My mother was tidyingmy room up when she
. . the letter. (see)
4. We . . alongthe beachwhen we
suddenlysaw a body in the sea.(walk)
5. 1.... ....ofwritingtoherwhenthe
next thing I knew she turned up on my doorstep.
(think)
6. I was talkingto a friend on the phone when my
dad .. rushinginto mY room'
(come)
7. You can imaginehow angry he was when he
.. how much theYwere charging
him.(find out)
8 . O h , i t w a s s o s t u p i1d. !. . . ....some
water when I knocked it all over myself.(boil)
When the clock struck twelve on 3 l" December
1999,where were you and what were you doing?
For more information on how to use the past simple
and past continuous,seeGl8.
 12 Difficultto belreve

When we talk about things that happened to us
ct a journey, we tend to say where we were
Fing. We usually do this by using a verb phrase +
ct tlre woy (to) + place. For example:
Speaking
Have any of the things described in Exercise I
above eyer happened to you? On the way to
where? Spend a few minutes thinking about what
happened and where. Decide if you'll need to use
the past simple or the past continuous and then
tell a few other people your stories.

As I was on my way back from France,my car broke

dotf,n.
Ytb stopped off and had somethingto eat on the way
o dre match. Complete the sentences below with the words
in the box.
Complete the sentences betow with the phrases
h the box. trip tour travel journey flight travelling

I a pile-up almost had an accident l. A: What time is their . . . . supposedto be

broke down bumped into getting in now?
I
I tot a puncture got car sick B: About six thirty, I think. lt's alreadybeen delayed
! got lost had an accident an hour!
I tropp"d off took a wrong turn 2. W h a t a . . . . ! T w e l v eh o u r so n a p l a n e , t h e n
six hours on a freezingcold train.
We .. on the way to Dorset. 3 . I alwaystry and . . .. light,if I can.
We had to call someone out from a local garageto 4. When I graduated,I worked for a bit and then went
fix the engine.
....forayear.
We .. on the way to Lisa'smum's 5 . I was thinkingof going on a day-. . . . ro
house.We must'vegone up and down the same
. Brightonthis Saturday.
Do you fancy comingl
street about ten times!
6. He's awayon a business.. . . , I'm afraid.Try
3. 1 . . . . . . . . o n t h e w a y t ow o r k t h e againon Monday.
other day.There'sso much glasson the roads
nowadays,it makescyclinghell!
7. I never . . . . by bus,if I can help it. I much
prefer just cyclingor walking.
4. We .. at a beautifulold castleon
our way here and went and had a look around.
8. I spent a couple of months . . . . round peru.
1....
9. I can't believemy parentsare planningto go on a
. . . . o n m y w a y t os c h o otlh e
other day.This guy cut in front of me and I went . . . . ro Disneylandwhen they retire!
straightinto the back of him! t 0 . There'sa coach . . . . of the city this afternoon.
6. We .. Do you hncy going?
on the way to Cologne,
and had to do a U-turn in the middleof the il. Once you land,haveyou got a long . . . . ahead
motorway! of you before you get home?
7. Rebecca . . on the way to t2. While I was in Granadain Spain,we went on this
Rushden.Shewas sick all over the back seat. guided . . . . round the Alhambra,which was
8. 1 . . . . reallyinteresting.
. . . . a n o l d f r i e n do f m i n eo n t h e
way to work this morning.I hadn't seen her for
ages.
Speaking
9. We saw .. on the motorway on
the way to Malmir.lt was awful!There must'vebeen Discussthese questionswith a partner.
at leastthree or four cars involved.
t0. We . . on our way to Nara. We t . Haveyou ever been on a guidedtourl When?Wherel
nearly hit a truck which was coming in the opposite What was it likel
direction. 2. When was the last time you went on a day-trip?
3. What's the longestjourney you've ever been onl
4. Woufd you like to take a year off and go travellingl
Where would you most like to go?
 12 D i f f i c u l tt o b e l i e v e
When talking about things that have happened to
us, it is common to use yague or approximate
fanguage.Choose the best definition )a or b for
the highlighted expressions in these sentences.
l. There must'vebeen about thirty or forty people
there.
a. Either thirty or forty people.
b. Between twenty-five and forty-five people.
2. He was sort of smilingat me.
a. lt was a particularkind of smile.
b. lt wasnt exactlya smile,but it was more like a
smilethan anythingelse.
3 . His skin had turned a weird blueishcolour and
hed stoppedbreathing.
a. lt was bright blue.
b. lt wasn'texactlyblue,but it was more blue than
any other colour.
4. There must havebeen 500-oddpeoplethere.
a. The 500 people were very strange.
b. There were approximately500 people.
5 . And the policemanlookedat me and said,'lsthis
your carl' you know,'blah,blah,blah.'
a. And some other thingsI didn't understand.
b. I'm sure you can imaginewhat elsehe said,and
you don't need me to tell you.
6 . It must havebeen built about 1985or so.
a. lt was buil t i n 1 9 8 5 .
b. lt could havebeen 1984or 1986.
7. It cost two hundredand somethingpounds.
a. Justa litde more than two hundredpounds.
b. Almost three hundredpounds.
8. And I spoketo that man who works in the office
there, you know,what's his name,and he told me . . .
a. I can't rememberhis name,but I'm sure you
know who I mean.
b. Pleasetell me his name.
Reol Englisht sort of / kind of
Sort of and kind of are both very common in
spoken English.They are often usedwhen you
cannot find the right word to expresswhat you
mean.Somepeopledo not like thesephrases,but
they are extremelycommon even in educated
speech.
It wos kind of expensive-looking.
Shewos sort of onnoyedwith me.
86
Look at these two examples:
My dad thought I was a pick-pocketor a drug addictor
something.
There was no hot water or showers or anything!
Phrases with or something/or anything are
common in spoken English when we want
to be vague. Complete these sentences with
the language in the box below.
or somethinglike that food or anything
showersor anything a bit of wire or something
a hammeror something
I. He managedto get the lock to work by using
The campsitewas horrible.There were no proper
toiletsor...
3 . They must havebroken into the car with
They did a lot of damage.
4. I didn't reallyseethe registrationnumber,but I'm
sure it startedTKP .
5. We flew on one of those budgetairlines.There were
no dri nksor . . .
For more information on how to use these structures,
s e eG l 9 .
Adding -ish to an adjective or number is
a common way of being less precise.
He's about forty-ish.
Her hair is a sort of reddishbrown.
Complete the sentences below with the words in
the box.
seven-ish yellow-ish purple-ish
long-ish tall-ish sixty-ish
l. He's not retired yet, but I'm sure he'sabout
2. When you get malaria,your skin turns a sort of
..... colour.
3. I think we'll haveto get the train about . . . . . to
get there in time for eight.
4. Although it was red wine, it was a kind of deep
.....colour.
5. Eva'sthe one with . . . . . dark hair.
6. You'llrecognisehim.He'sa sort of . . . . . version
of CharlieChaplinwithout the moustache.
 ..--.
1 W h i l ey o u r e a d
-.- Here are four stories. Three are urban myths and only one is true.
I I Reaa t hem a n d d e c i d e w h i c h o n e y o u th i nk i s true.
Safetyfirst !
Did you hear about the plane which crashed
somewherein SouthAmerica as it was coming in to
land ?
Apparently, it was fitted with a device which
s-arnsthe pilot that he's approachingthe ground- a
Ground Warning Alarm (GWA) sysrem.Somepilots
find this warning irritating, so rhey switch it off.
When the black box was examined,the crashwas
blamedon pilot error. The decisionhad beeneasyro
reach.When the plane had been coming in to land,
the GWA had gone off, telling the pilot he was roo
close to the ground. On the tape rhe pilot can be
heard sa).lng,'Shut up, you stupid machine!' Then
r-ouhear the soundof the crash.
True story or myth?
Drowned in a drain
\ man from Wakefield in Yorkshire went out one
night for a few drinks at his local pub. He left his car
in the street near the pub. When he decided ro go
home, he went out to his car, took out the keys, and
then accidentally dropped them down a drain in the
road.
He could see the keys down the drain on top of
some leaves.So, he managed to lift the drain cover,
but the keys were too far down for him to reach. He
lay down in order to reach them.
Suddenly, he fell into the drain head firsr. Jusr as
he did that, it started ro rain heavily. Nobody heard
his cries for help. The next morning he was found
drowned, his head down the drain, his legs sricking
up in the air.
True story or myth?
5peaking
Do you know any other urban myths? lf you like this kind of story, they are all
o n t he W eb. F ind th e m u n d e r' u rb a n m y th s ' . B ri ng one i n to the next l esson!
What a rat!
Then there was the story of the couple who were in
Thailand on holiday. The morning after rhey arrived,
they found a thin little cat sitting on rheir balcony.
They immediately fell in love with it. They
cleaned it and fed it. By rhe time they were ready to
leave, they couldn't bear to be parted from it. They
arranged for the cat to come home with thern.
Waiting at home was rheir pet poodle. The poodle
and the cat seemed to get on together very well, so
the couple decided to go out for dinner. When they
got back, they found their sitting room covered in
poodle hair and the dog halfway down rhe cat's
throat !
It turned out the cat was not a cat. but an
enormous Thai water rat !
True story or myth?
Sunk by flyng cow
A few yearsago, rhe crew of a Japanesefishing boat
were rescuedfrom the wreckageof their boat in the
SeaofJapan.They said that their boat had beensunk
by u cow falling our of the sky. Nobody believed
them.
A few weekslater the RussianAir Forceadmitted
that the crew of one of their planeshad stolena cow
in Siberiaand put it into the plane'scargohold.
At 30,000 feet the cow startedto run around the
planeout of control.The crew decidedtherewasonly
one thing they could do. So, they openedthe cargo
door and the cow jumped our, landing on rop of the
Japanesefishing boat.
True story or myth?
ttt
llit
lil
87
 Choose the correct form. Rewrite these sentences using tend to or tend
not to instead of the adverbial phrases.
l. Oh, you stayedin Bahia?That must be / must'vebeen
lovely. l. On the whole, I prefer not to eat sweet things.
2. I was breaking/ | broke my leg skiing.
2. By and large,I don't go out much during the week.
3. Would it be OK if I was leaving/ | left an hour early
todayl
3. As a rule,I don't drink.
4. I was walkingdown the road when suddenlya
woman came up / was coming uP to me and started /
4. Generallyspeaking,I take the bus to work.
was startrngscreaming.
5 . A: I phonedyou last night at about nine.
5. As a rule, people in my country are quite religious.
B: Oh, sorry. I was cooking / | cooked,so I wasn't
answering/ | didn't answer it.
6. By and large,people in my country don't invite friends
6. I watched / | was watchingTV when the lightsjust
round to their houses.
suddenlywent / were going out.
7. Were you living/ Did you live in Pariswhen Princess
peoplein my country spend
7. Generallyspeaking,
Dianadied / was dying.
their holidayswith their families.
8. A: Did you manageto see the first performance?
B: No, I wasn't arriving/ | didn't arrive until after
8. On the whole,women don't smokemuch in public.
theyd finished.

ls each of the sentences l-8 above true or false

Multiple choice for you? Why? Tell your Partner.

Choose the more natural alternative. Are there any other generalisations you can make
about yourself? About people in your country?
t . A: I had an argumentwith my flatmatelast night.
B: Oh, a. had you?What aboutl
b. did you?What about? Conversation
2. I'm exhaustedthis morning. Put the jumbled conversation below into the
a. I got in at four in the morning!
correct orden
b. I didn't get in until four in the morning!
3 . A: This traffic's absolutelyawful,isn't itl a. So when did you find out Dave had bought a dogl g
B: a. You can saythat again!
b. You could saythat again!
b. That soundsterrible.He must be mad! J
4. A: I'm going parachutingthis weekend.
c. It's a he. Davewants to call him Arsenal. 3
B: a. You mustn't be serious!
d. I bet you couldnt believeit! ls it a he or a she? _il
b. You can't be serious! e. He is mad!And what's worse, it's a boxer or

5 . I was lyingby the pool, ... .

something,and the stupid animalbarkedall night
long!
3
a. I was sunbathing b. sunbathing
6. I arrivedat ... .
f. You know - Arsenal - after the football team. _l
-
8. Well, I told him you'vegot to choose! lt's either
a. sort of nine o'clock b. about nine-ish
7. a. He was sort of just standingthere.
Arsenal or me! One of us will haveto go! T
b. He was about just standingthere. h. He wants to call him what? t
8. I do drink wine and beer,but I never touch vodka i . Did it?You'll end up gettingdivorced! I
or whis k y... . j. Last night.I didn't get in until eleven,and there it
a. or somethinglike that b. or anythinglike that was, just sittingthere. I
9. H e l o o k s. . . .
a. reallysad b. like reallysad
t 0 . Shelooks as if ... .
a. a model b. she'siust won the lottery
88
 R e v r e w :U n r t s9 - ' i 2

Now match the verbs I l-18 to the best

collocations k-r.
f.-t back at Linking ideas in Exercise 6 on page
I I. fall k. my car
lf- Tick the expressions l-8 you can remember.
& a partner about anything you have forgotten. 12. flog l. the kids their bedtimestory
| 3. read m. you to dinner
Crr you think of times in your life when these 14. download n. the newsto his family
-tGnces have been true for you?Tell your partner | 5. treat o. a spendingspree
- much as you can about them. | 6. break p. a lot of discrimination
17. go on q. asleephalfwaythrough
Expressions 18. face r. an article

Complete the sentences below with the Now discuss these questions with a partner.
qressions in the box. All the expressions 19. When was the lasttime you bumpedinto an old
re friend?
20. Haveyou ever had to break any bad news to someonel
sick to death of or somethinglike that
you must be mad when all of a sudden 21. What was the lastthing you downloadedl
you went where you can saythat again

English
l. A: I went to BurkinaFasolast year.
B: last year? Match the statements l-8 to the responses a-h.
A: BurkinaFaso,in West Africa.
L A: lt's freezingoutside,isn't it? l. What's your brother like? J
B: .....!lhadtoweartwo
pulloverswhen I went out.
2. Do you love him?
J
3. I was just walkingdown the road
3. Are you OK? You look dreadful.
J
these two guyscame runningup to me and accused 4. lt hurt like hell when he pulledthe tooth out.
-J
me of stealingtheir car!
1. You paid two grand for a 1985 Renaultwith rust
5. I heardsomeonepinchedyour bag.
_J
e v e r y w h e r.e. ! ........ !
6. Did you do anythingspecialyesterdayafter work?
-J
5. A: What does her boyfrienddo for a living?
7. I tend to go to bed earlier in the winter.
J
8. I heard the house cost your sister a fortune.
B: I think he'sa lawyer J
6. Shallwe eat out tonightl I'm . . . cooking! a. Yes,I bet it did! Ratheryou than me.
b. Yes,it was over eightygrand!
Can you think of three other situations where you
might say:'You must be mad!'? c. He's a bit of a nerd,actually.
d. Kind ol I suppose.
Can you think of four things you could be sick to
e. No, I just went straighthome and had an early night.
death of?
f . Yes.I'm reallyannoyedabout it!
g. Yes,I'm OK. I just had a bit of a late night,that's all.
Collocations
h. Yes,so do l.
Match the verbs l-10 to the best collocations a-j.
You have one minute to memorise the responses
l. mind a. like a chimney a-h. Now coyer Exercise 8 above. Your partner
2. smoke b. into an old friend will read out the statements l-8. How many
3. spend c . your own business responses can you remember?
4. go d . at my watch
5 . do e . exhausted
6. glance f. somethingto eat
7 . bum p 8. out for a quick run
8. feel h . a bit of washingup
9. catch up i . the eveninground at Dave's
1 0 . get j . with the gossip
 R e v i e wU: n i t s9 - 1 2

ldioms Vocabulary

Make sentences with idioms by matching the
beginnings l-8 to the endings a-h.
l. I nearly
2 . I s leptlik e
3 . I c ouldhar dl y
4. I'm dyingfor
5 . He dr ink slik e
6. Pigs
7. He was drivinglike
8. My marriageis
1 0 What can you remember?
With a partner, note down as much as you can
remember about the two texts you read in units
l0 and 12.
ls she really going out with him?
Answer these questions with a partner. Then
compare your answers with another pair. Who
got most answers right?
a. a log.
b. a fish. l. lf you wantedto show someoneyou were angry
with them,would you stareat them,glareat them
c. on the rocks!
or gl anceat theml
d. a lunatic.
2. Can you think of five thingsyou can run out of?
e. might fly!
t heir
personsomeonew ho underst ands
3. l s a sensi bl e
f. died laughing.
friends'feelingsor someoneableto makegood
g. a coffee.
deci si ons?
h . h e a r m y s e l ft h i n k !
4. lf you're'goingout with' someone,what two
meaningscould this havel
5. l f you bump i nto an ol d fri end,does i t hur t ?
6. How could my youngerbrother get awaywith
murderl
7. l s a di vorceesomeonew ho i s di vorcedor som eone
who is gettingdivorced?
8. lf you proposeto someone,what is the question
you ask?
9. l f you get on l i kea houseon fi re w i th som eone,do
you get on well or badlyl
10. W hy w oul d you w ear a w i gl
I l. lf you'retired,do you go asleepor fall asleepl
12. lf you don't haveany cleanclothesto wear,would
you do the w ashi ng-upor the w ashi ngl
13. l f someonetri es to chat you uP ,do they just want
to talk to youl
14. l f I say:' That'none
s w,ha t kind of
of your busi ness'
questionhaveyou just askedme?
15. l s someonew ho ki l l sa l ot of peopl eover a per iod
J
of ti me a seri ouski l l eror a seri alki l l erl
16. D o you surf the net or the beachl
17. A re l adsyoungmen or youngw omen?
18. C an you thi nk of three recentbl ockbust er sl
19. lf you go to a club,do you leaveyour coat in the
cl oakroomor the bathroom?
do you like them or
20. lf you find someoneappealing,
not?

Now compare what you remember with another

pair. Who remembers more?

Which text did you enioy more? WhY?

90
 ' - l

Lr groups, show each other the notebooks you keep of language you learn in
ctass and/or any vocabulary record books you have. Explain how you record
hnguage and what you do with the notes after class. Be honest!

Hd do you try and learn words and expressions?Who do you think has the
best method? Why?

Now read this text and see if you are like the student mentioned.

Has the text made you change your mind about the way you learn and record vocab ulary?

91
 : .i fUrt ft"':
- . J - J . j . t ; 2

Elevenquestions
lmagine you are attending a reun:on of all your
old friends from secondary school. Here are some
of the things you might want to say.

l. Hello,( Car r i e ,)h o w a re y o u l

2. I haven'tseenyou for ages.
3. You haven'tchangedone bit.
4. You look exacdythe same!Not one day older!
5. What've you been doing for the past (ten) yearsl
6. What're you doing nowl
dol
7. Are you marriedlWhat does your husband/wife
8. Haveyou got a familyl
9. Are you still (afraidof spiders)l
1 0. Do y ou s t ill (p l a yte n n i s )?
I l. Where do you live now?

First, work alone and decide how you would

respond to these questions and comments. Then
talk to other students in the class and find out
what you have all been doing.

I haven't seen you for ages

Who is your oldest friend? When did you first
meet?
Can you think of someone you haven't met for a
long time? Why not? Are you still in touch? What
are they up to now?

While

A Sharon and Barry are friends who live in the

ld ,"-. area. They;ve bumped into each other
in the street and are catching up with each
other's news.

Cover the conversation on Page 93. As you listen

to them talking about what they've both been up
to, try to answer these questions.

l. What's Barry been up to?

2. What's Sharonbeen up tol

Listen again and try to fill in the gaPs in the

conversation.

92
 1 3 O l of r e - : s

I Recll Englishs Longtime,no see!

Long time, no see! r This is an informalexpression,usedbetween
friends.lt means:'lhoven'tseenyoufor o long
Sharon: Barry! Hi, how are you? | haven'tseenyou for time.'
I

a8es. -J

Barry: Hello,Sharon.Longtime, no see.

Sharon: I know.So how're you doingl
Barry: I'm all right,thanks.And you? Real Englishs I actuallythought it
Sharon: Yeah,not too bad.So,what'veyou been up to was excellent.
sinceI last sawyou? Actuallyis usedlike this when we want to stress
Barry: Not a lot - working mostly - somethingwe see as a fact,and which is different
( l) . . re a l l yl o n g h o u rsthi s from what the other person expected.
week,getting reallyfed up with it, you know. A: Thot jocketmust'yecostyou o lot
Sharon: Really? B: Well,it wos octuolly quitecheop.
Barry: Yeah,but I went down to Kent last weekend,
for my grandma'sbirthdayparty.
Sharon: O h, ho w o l d w a s s h e l
Speaking
Barry: Eighty-five. lt was reallygreat.We
(2) . . this lovelymealand Has there been an exhibition or concert that
t hen we (3 ) .. a w al k caused a big fuss in your country? Why was it
alongthe beach.lt was good to get out of the so controversial?
crty.
What makes you go 'yuk'?
S h a r o n :l b e t .l ( 4 ) . .havea
weekend away myself.
Barry: I know. You get to the point where you really
Expressions
need it, don't you? lf you don't get out of
Londonfrom time to time, it starts driving In the conyersation, Barry said that if you live in
you crazyyou know. (5) .. a big city like London, you get to the point where
w h a ta b o u yt o u ?( 6 ) ........ I you really need a weekend away. What do you
Sharon: Well,on SundaymorningI thi nk i t means?
(7) .. that exhibitionat the
RoyalAcademy.
Get is a very common verb in English.
Barry: Oh yes,the one there's been
Here are eight things you can get. Use them
( 8) . . a b o u t- d e a dsheep
to complete the sentences below.
and picturesof toilet rolls and things.
Sharon: Yeah,my friendAngela- she'sat art school-
she kept naggingme to go and see it, so the impression five years
I went. a terrible shock to the top
Barry: And what did you think of it? some sleep a life
( e .) . . . . . .?. a doctor the message
SharonO : h ,l ( 1 0 ) . . thoughtit
was excellent,reallygood and challenging.
There'sonly one thing that madeyou go t . I got . . . . when I saw Mary after all
'yuk!'-
the deadsheep.I think it's meantto those years.Shelooked reallyold.
shock you,though. Anyway,after that, I 2. That guy got . . . . for knockingdown one
( | l) . . and saw a friend of of our neighbours'children.He was drivingwhen he
mine,Richard,for a bit and then we went up was drunk.
to Camdenmarketto do a bit of shopping. 3. Quick,get.. . . ! S h e ' ss t o p p e db r e a t h i n g !
Barry: Oh yeah,it's nice up there on a Sunday, isn't
4. Sorry,I've beenworking non-stopfor eighteenhours.
it?
I really need to get . .
Sharon: Yeah,it's great. And then I
( 12) . . at my mum's,which 5 . Do you sometimesget . . . . that Claire is
was nice. bored with her job?
Barry: Oh, that soundsgood. 6. I can't believeyou spentthe whole weekend
Sharon: Yeah,and apart from that, studying.You shouldget out more and get
( 13) . . thingsfor college, I

really. 7. I keep droppinghintsthat I'm not interested,but he

Barry: Uh-huh,still beinga good student,then. neverseemsto get
Oh look, there's my bus into town.
8. He's incrediblyambitious.He'd do anythingto tet
( 1 4 ). . l ' l l s e ey o u s o o n ,
then. Bye.
Sharon: Yeah,OK, bye.

93
13 Old friends

I
Use these sentence starters to tell your pattner
PresentperfectsimPleand some interesting things about yourself.
perfectcontinuo l. I'vejust . . .
2. I've never ...
You arrange to meet a friend at seven otclock. 3. I'vealmostfinished...
He finally arrives at eight. Which do you say to him 4. I've completely...
- a or b? Explain your choice.
_ l
a. Where on earth haveyou been?I've been waiting :,'#f,Presentperfectcollocations
here for an hour.
b. Where on earth haveyou been?I've waited here for
Some verb forms occur very often with the same
an hour.
expressions.Choose the correct expression to
The next example is very strange. Correct it. complete these present perfect sentences.
I'm afraid I cant go. I've been breakingmy arm.
l. I've been at college a. for the past three years.
Which of these sentences sound correct? b. since the last three years.
la. You look as if you've been crying.What's the matterl
2. I've been travelling a. about Africa.
lb. You look as if you've cried. What's the matterl b. around Africa.
2a. Hey! I've been finding your PassPort.
3. I've been studying a. for a doctor.
2b. Hey! I've found your PassPort.
b. to become a doctor.
4. I've been abroad a. studying.
Adverbswith the PresentPerfect b. for studying.
Look at these common adverbs which are often 5. I've been working a. as a volunteer in Africa.
used with the present Perfect: b. as volunteer in Africa.

just almost never comPletelY 6. I've been on a course a. to better my English.

b. to improve my English.

Discuss which is the most likely in these 7. I've been away a. sincetwo months.
sentences. b. sinceChristmas.

l. I've.. ..beentoSiberia. 8. I've been ill a. for the past fortnight.

2. I've .. .. bumpedinto Harry on the tube. b. since the past fortnight
3. I've . . . . finished.Give me two minutes.
4. I've.. ..forgotten Your name.
5. I've . . . .tot to the end of the book.
6. I ' v e. . .. h a d a n i d e a .
7. He's . . . had an originalidea in his life!
8. I've .. .. seen somethint reallyfunny.
9. She's . . .got over the death of her son.
10. I've . . . . seen anythingso funny.
 13 Old frrends

Pronunciation Now complete the sentences below with the

adjectives in the box.

$ tisten to the intonation pattern of this line

lJ f"om the conversation. high turning strong sore

How are youl I haven'tseenyou for ages.

5. The real .. . . point in my life was when I was
told ten yearsago rhat I only had three months to live.
Pnactise the following,which have similar patterns.
6. One of Mary's .. . . points is the fact that she
l. How are youlWe haven'tspokenfor weeks. never gets annoyedwith anyone.
L How are you?We haven'thad a chat for ages. 7. Dont talk to Bill about his divorce.lt's still a very
3. How are they? | havent seenthem for months. . . .. poi nt w i th hi m.
1. How is hel I hear he'sjust got back. 8. I think the . . . . point of my trip to Africa was
5. How is shel I haven'tseen her for ages. standingatVictoria Falls.
6. How's your dadl I haven'tseen him for years.
7. How is she?| heard she'shad a boy. Now complete the sentences below with the
8. How much was itl I heard it cost a fortune. common expressions in the box.

on the point of there's no point

Grammarpractice
9. Jane'sworking in Greece for a month, so
Now ask your partner the questions in Exercise5
trying to ring her.
above. Try to keep each conyersation going for as
long as possible. t 0 . I was leavingwhen the phone rang.

For more information on how to use the present perfeci

simple and present perfect continuous,see G20. Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.

girr l. What are the strongand weak pointsof your Englishl

Grammar?Pronunciation I Vocabulary?
Havethere been any turning points in your life?
Expressions
with point
What has been the high point of your year so farl
You can record expressions in your notebook in
difrerent ways. For example, you could put the
expression Barry used in the conyersation -'you
get to the point where you need a weekend away'
- under the heading of get or as an expression
with point. Doing both is a good idea.

Here are sentences with some other expressions

with point. Complete them with the words in the
box.

get see make (x2)

l. Do you think you could . . . . to the point,

please?
2. Please . . .. a point of beingearly.
3. I just dont . . . . the point of complaining.
4. lf you don't . . . . your point strongly,people will
just ignore what you're trying to say.
 1 3 O l df r i e n d s
i'=7,r\',( ?1
. . 1 - a - . . . . t
Whileyou
ft ttrere is aTV programme in Britain called
ld'surprise Surprisel. lf you want to get in touch
with someone you haven't seen for a long time,
you contact this Programme and they try to put
you back in touch - and film the meeting! Some
people think this is a very good idea; some think it
is a dreadful idea. What do you think?
lf you were the programme's producer, which two
of these stories would you be interested in? Why?
Long lost friends
Bob's story
When I was in the army, I was very friendly with a
chap calledTom Ramsayfrom Leeds.We lost touch
when we left and I wish we hadn't.I would love to
meet him againto talk about all the thingswe went
through together.
Jill's story
When I was a young girl of fifteen,I had a baby.My
parentsforced me to have it adopted.All I know is
that she was born on March 14th, 1975 and the
peoplewho adoptedher lived in York.I would love
to meet her.I think about her everyday of my life.
Jim's story
l'm now eighty-five.When I was a young lad of
fifteen,I spenta summerworking on a farm in Kent,
picking fruit. I fell in love with a girl called lrene
Smithson.Shecamefrom Canterbury.Atthe end of
that beautiful summer,we went our separateways
and nevermet again.My wife died lastyear.I would
love to meet lrene again.I have three childrenand
twelvegrandchildren.
Hugh's story
l'm twenty-fiveand single.I live in Birmingham.Last
month, I spent the weekend in London with some
friends.On the Saturdaynigh[ | met a fabulousgirl
calledMelanieBrownat a disco.We dancedtogether
all night and talked for hours. We iust hit it off
immediately.The trouble was she had a boyfriend
who wasabroadon businessthat weekend.Shegave
me her telephone number, but l've lost it.l'm
desperateto see her again.I wish l'd asked her for
her addressaswell.The only thing I know is that she
lives in Notting Hill Gate. But thats all I know -
exceptthat she had huge brown eyes.
96
Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.
t . ls there anybodyyou'velost touch with who you'd like
to be reunitedwithl
2. ls there anybodyyou reallywouldn't like to meet
againlWhy notl
Decide if these idioms describe a good
relationship or a bad one.
L We got off on the wrong foot, and it was all
downhillfrom there.
2. We decidedto go our seParateways'
3. I'vegot a bit of a soft spot for him.
4. She'sgood if you need a shoulderto cry on.
5. There'sno love lost betweenthem.
6. We iust hit it off immediately.
7. They hate each other's guts.
Do you have similar idioms in your language?
Spend two minutes trying to memorise the idioms
above. Now cover the sentences l-7 above and
complete the sentences a-g below.
a. Listen,you can alwaystalk to me if you need a
shoulderto...
b. Haveyou seenmuch of Nick and Linglately?
B: Oh, haven'tyou heard?They'vegone their
ls there something going on between those two?
It's a long story, but basicallythey iust hate
d . I met him when I first startedwork, and we iust
... immediately.
e. He'sa bit of an idiot,really,isn't he?
B: I know what you mean,but I haveto admit,I do
h a v ea b i to f a . . . . . . . . . f o rh i m .
Those two don't get on, do theY?
B You can saythat again!There's certainlyno
... between t h e m .
g How come you and Mariannedon't get on?
B I don't really know. We got off on the
. . . and then it was all
from there!
Think of some people these idioms could 6.t.6bc'
Tell some of the other students in your class aboc
them.
 '
, : l ? , t ,
J J ) J J . :
J ilrilt!!i--;f
With a partner, decide which of the four possible
I wish
stories from the TV programme ,surprise, Surprise',
In the text on page 96, Hugh said:,1wish I'd asked described on page 96, you would like to act out.
her for her address.' Spend five minutes thinking about what you're
going to say. Ask your teacher for help if you
i . Can y ou r em emb e rw h y h e fe l t l i k eth i s ? need to. Then role play the people being reunited.
7. What tensedo we use after wish if we want to talk
about past regretsl

Complete these sentences by putting the verbs in

brackets in the correct form. Some sentences will
be negative.

. I s o m e t i m ewsi s h| . . . . ..... my
grandfatheron my mum'sside.(know) J
i . I w i s h| . . . . .
3 | o f t e nw i s h I
. . . . s o m u c he a r l i e (r e. a t )
. . . m o r ew h e n I w a s
-J
younger.(travel) I
I reallywish | . . . ro seethe doctor
about it earlier.(go) -J
I s o m e t i m ewsi s h| . . . . . . . . . s o m u c ht i m e
when I was at university. (waste) -J
I w i s h| . . . . . . . . . s o m u c hm o n e yw h i l eI
was on holiday.(spend) J
I w i s h| . . . . .
I reallywish |
. . . . h e r e a r l i e (r m
. eet)
. . . my addressbook.
_J
(lose) J
Now match the sentences l-8 above to the
follow-up comments a-h below.

: I wouldn't be working here if ld got a better degree.

: I wouldn't havehad to spendso manyyearsof my life
on m y own!
I just don't havethe time to do it now.
It wouldn't havegot so bad if I had.
I wouldn'tbe so badlyin debt if I hadn't.
l'm goingto losetouch with loadsof peoplenow.
He was supposedto havebeena reallyinteresting
guy.
- | feel reallysick!

Now listen and check your answers.

lJ

Express regrets that are true for you using these

r€ntences starters.

9 | s o m e t i m ew
s i s h I ' d. . .
3. I reallywish I'd
. I reallywish I hadn't
2. I often wish I hadn't

Tell your partner what you have written and try

to explain why you feel like this.
lll
For more information on how to use wishto talk about rlt
dringsyou regret,see G2l.
lil
Uiirtg Jr.abularl
Speaking
Discuss these questions with a
partner.

l. Do you ever go to exhibitions?

W hat ki nd?
2. Has your home town got an art
gallerylWhen was the lasttime
you went to it?
3. What is the best exhibitionyou
haveever been tol
4. The pictureson this pageare a
portrait of LuniaCzechowskaby
and'St illlif e
A medeoModi gl i ani
with apples'by PaulC6zanne.Do
you like them?Can you saywhyl
5. Haveyou ever painted,
sculptedor drawnl Has any of
your work ever beenexhibited-
perhapsat schooll
 14 Arr

Recommending A Listen and check your answers. Which

t7 expressions recommend an exhibition?
Put the jumbled conversations into the
correct Which do not?
order.

Conversation I
Practice
a- | went and saw an exhibitionat the Hayward
Galleryearlierin the week. lJ Think of an exhibition you'ye seen. Decide
whether youU recommend it or not. Use
b. So,you'd recommendit. then?
c. Quite good,actually,the photos were really
_J Conversations t and 2 as models and tell
your partner about it. you should begin:
great,quite amazing_ some of them. -J I went and saw an exhibitionat ... the other daylthe
d. Oh, reallyllt soundsquite interesting.What
was other week.
it like? J
e. Yes,you shouldgo and see it.
f. lt was a collectionof photos from the
first lunar
J Describingpaintings
landing. -J lere
are eight ways of describing paintings.
g. Oh, did youl What was it?
J Check that you understand the words, uring
dictionary if necessary.Use them to complete"
Conversation 2 the sentences below.
I went and saw that new exhibitionat the
NationalGallerythe other day. IJ portrait detailed
b. Oh, it was this collectionof Flemishpaintings landscape traditional
from the seventeenthcentury. _J still life original
c. Oh, did you? Which one'sthat again?
d. Well, I didn't think much of it myself.lt was all
-J abstract colourful

a bit dull,you know. -J l . I thi nk hi s w ork i s very i ndi vi dualvery

, .
e. No, ld give it a miss,if I were you _ unlessyou I've neverseenanythingelselike it.
reallylike that sort of thing,of course. _J 2. I'vejust beento a(n) . . . . exhibition_ it,s
f. Oh reallylWhat was it like? somethingI've tried to do myself,but my apples
t. So,you wouldn't recommendit, then?
J alwayslook like peaches!
J 3. We've got a(n) . . . . of my great_grandfather at
home.He was a generalin the army.
f 'r Ura.n and check your answers. Then practise
both conversations with a partner, making 4. Renaissance paintingswere alwaysvery .
sure you sound enthusiastic or not, as
appropriate.
You could see all the stitcheson the clothes.
5. His most famous . . . . was a pictureof the
Ir
li
I
sceneryaround his home in provence. ll
6. I don't actuallyrikemodern art. I much prefer ll
Recommendi ng expressions more
t,
....things.
When we talk about an exhibition we,ve been 7. ldon't like paintingsthat are all greysand browns.
to,
we usually say whether we think it was I like really . . . . things.you know, lots of bright
worth
seeing or not. Put the words in order to greensand reds and yellows.
make
necommending expressions. 8. I don't understandher work at all.lt's just too
....forme.
f . y o u ' r e/ O K l i t ' s l s o r t / i f / i n t o / t h i n g l t h a t l o f

2. a i m u s t / i t ' s
Speaking
3 . recommendI reallyI I I it Discuss these questions with a partner.

4 . you I give / if / were / missI a I l,d I it | | l. You'vejust learnedwhat a portrait,a landscape

and a
still life are. What other kindsof art can you think
of?
5. visit / well / it's / a / worth 2. What's your favouritepiece of artl Why? How
would
you describeit?
6 . entrance/ not I it's lthe / fee / worth

7. its / my | rca lcup / of I really/ not

h
t
I
I
eel
I
 14 Art
i'.'=aditry
Discuss these questions with a partnen
l. Do you like modern artl Why/why not?
2. What do you think art is for?
3. Do you like any of the works you can see on
these pages?Why/why not?
n Now read the article and decide how the
ld writer woutd answer the three questions
i n E x er c is e l.
It's November,which means it's the time of year when the
papersare full of articlesby people who are shocked about
art. This is becausein November the Tate Gallery in London
holds the annual Turner Prize exhibition of modern aft. Each
year four of the best British artists are selectedfrom all those
who have exhibited during the year and of these, one is
chosen.For the most part, the shockjournalists expressis not
'Youcall that art?!' variety.We
moral outrage,but more of the
are treated to a string of the usual complaints and clichds:
Anyonecould do that!' 'My five-year-olddaughtercould do
betterthan that.' Abed in the middle of a room! Where'sthe
'Whatever happenedto people just painting
skill in that?'
'Fifty
pictures?' thousandpoundsfor that! You'repulling my
leg.' etc.,etc.Well, personally,I'm sick of it - the journalists
complaining, that is - not the art. The only thing which is
predictable,boring, and money for nothing is their writing.
Thesepeoplejust want an to be pretty pictures.For them, it's
just. an extension o[ interior design - something which will
match the sofa or look good in the bedroom. For me, the
worst thing anyonecould say about art is that it looks quite
nice. Art should make you think. Art should be the result of
artists thinking about the world they seeand their reactions
'Oh,
to it. It shouldn't be aboutseeingsomethingand saying,
that looks nice. I'll paint that and make it look just like a
photograph, and I'll take ten years to do it,' which is what
thesejournalistsseemto think is required of art.
I have made a selection of some of the previous Turner
Prize entrants - I know journalists do not like to spend time
doing researchfor themselves,so I've done it for them.
Perhaps they could ask the question Wolfgang Tillmans, a
previous winner, poses. 'These scenarios might appear
100
strangeto somepeople,but I try to ask through them, what is
so strangehere, the scenarioin the picture, the world around
you, society, your ideas about beauty or my ideas about
beauty?'
Richard Long causedoutragewith his work, which was a
line of bricks laid on the floor of the gallery. He made a
similar piece with bits of slate,a kind of grey stone,which
he'd found on a walk in the countryside.
Martin Creed won the prrze with a piece which involved
the audience walking into an empty gallery space and the
lights suddenly being turned off and then sometime later
turned back on again.
Rachel Whiteread uses common objects as a mould. She
fills the inside with concreteand exhibits the sculpturesrvith
the objectsremoved.She has used tables,chairs, bookcases
and, most famously,a whole house.
'The Great Bear'.
Simon Patterson, in a work called
painted a replica of the London Underground map, but
replacedthe namesof the stations with the names of famous
people from history.
Chris Ofilli paints religious figures, and as well as paint
uses other media such as mud and elephant dung. Mayor
Giuliani in New York oncetried to ban one of his works of the
Virgin Mary becausehe said it was an insult to the Catholic
religion.
Tracy Emin was famous for making an installation of her
slept-in bed in the middle of a gallery. She also made a tent
and pinned on the inside the namesof all the men she'd slep
with.
Douglas Gordon won for showing Alfred Hitchcock's
thriller, 'Psycho',which he sloweddown so much that it took
twenty-four hours to play instead of two.
Personally,I don't really careif you don't /ike thesepieces:
that's not the point. What shouldbe absolutelyclear,though.
is that these ideasare not the work of five-year-olds,but of
creative,intelligent adults.It's a shamewe can't saythe sanrc
of somejournalistsand critics!
q *F,

&
 14 Art

t, -'\
? r ? ( - . 7 ( i r ? Now make short dialogues by matching the
J t ) )
2. -..)... statements l-6 to the responses a-f.

Relativeclauses l. I visitedAlan in hospitallast Fridayto see how

he was gettingon. __J
When we talk about the things we've been
doing, we usually follow facts with comments.
2. I spentall day Sundaycatchingup on all my mail. _J
For example: last week.
3. I went and saw that musical,Chicogo,
_J
I went to that new Matisse exhibition, which was really 4. I went round to Mike and Sue'sthe other dayto
ntce.
There was a riot in the city centre, which meant I
see that new car they'vebeentellingeveryone
about.
_J
couldn't get to the airport.
5. I went down to Bristolfor the weekenda couple
II
Try to think of comments for the following. of weeks ago.

l. , hich meant . . . . .
l t w a s p o u r i n g w i t h r a i n o n S u n d a yw 6. I just stayedin last nightand watchedTV. There's
a greatthing on on Fridaysat the moment about
Antarctica.
2 . I w e n t t o v i s i t a w h i s k y d i s t i l l e r yw
, hich was .

Oh, that remindsme. I must record that new thing or

tr. ; ;"", *n .i *rr'
3. mi"r.o.na r"ir.o..t" ou"r^ ChannelFour tonight.lt's meantto be reallyfunny.

b. Oh, reallylI've beenthinkingabout havinga weekend

4. I went to see Iosco at the opera last night, which was
awaymyself.Were you campingor whatl
: : : : : : : : : :: : : : : : : : : : : c . Oh, that remi ndsme. I must sendi n my passpor t
5 . I m i s s e d t h e t r a i n t h i s m o r n i n g ,w h i c h m e a n t appl i cati on.

to go and see him

d . Oh, di d you?| keepmeani ng
6. I failed my exam, which meant
myself.How was he?

e . Oh, that remi ndsme. I mustgi vethem a ca ll.I haven't

spokento them for ages.
Speaking
Oh, I've been meaningto go and seethat for ages.
Think of two things you'Ye done recently, and Was it as good as everybodysays?
tell your partner about them. Be sure to add
comments starting with which.
'l
j N"* listen and check your answers.
For more informationon how to add extra comments
usingrelativeclauses,see G22.

) i ' )| t ( j J r a - t i i t u J TI; J
r e m i n d sm e !
When people are talking about what they have
been doing, it often reminds us of things which
we have thought of doing ourselves. Look at the
highlighted expressions in these examples:

I went to seethe Turner Prizeexhibitionthe other

d.y.
B: Oh, yeah.I keep meaningto go and seethat myself.
What was it likel
Oh, it was OK, but nothingspecial,really.

I went round to see my mum on Sunday.

B : O h, t hat r e mi n d sm e , I m u s t p h o n em y m u m
tonight.I alwaystry to ring her once a week.
Yeah,parentsget upsetif you don't keep in touch,
don't theyl

102
 14 Ar1

2 i Practice Speaking
Practise reading the dialogues in Exercise I aloud Discuss these questions with a partner.
with your partner. Try to add a third response, as
i n t his ex am ple. L Here are six examplesof thingsyou mightgo and
see.Do you find any of them morallyoffensivel
I visitedAlan in hospitallast Fridayro see how he
Politicallyoffensive?
was getttngon.
a. a displayof Egyptianmummies
Oh, did you?| keep meaningto go and see him
myself.How was he? b. an exhibitionof the body of a man found
frozen in the Alps after hundredsof years
Not bad.You shouldgo and see him.I'm sure he'd
love to seeyou. c. a zoo with lionsand tigersin cages
d. a museumin Britaindisplaying
staruestaken
With a partner, have similar conyersations using from Greece 200 yearsago
tfiese ideas. e. a sci encemuseumw i th humanfoetuses
preservedin formaldehyde
l. buy a birthdaycard for my brother
f. an exhibitionabout some of the most famous
2. phone my parents
murderersin history
3. paymy telephonebill
2. Would you ban any of them?
1 . book m y s um m e rh o l i d a y
3 . Would you be happytakingyour childrenor your
5. sendin my applicationform
youngerbrothersor sistersto them all?
6. havemy hair cut
4. What do you think of the exampleof street art
belowl

103
 L : gI ? I t ' : l t g While listen

ff You are going to hear three conversations

Here are eighteen ways to describe something.
Six of them mean very good; six mean very bad;
six are mildly critical. Put them into groups.
ul where people describe what things are like.
As you listen, take notes on what they are
describing and which adjectives they use. Listen
again if you need to.

terrific horrible awful Practice

a bit bland marvellous nothingspecial
excellent horrendous on the dull side Use some of the adjectives on this page to
very ordinary dire a bit over-the-top describe:
dreadful brilliant superb
wonderful 1. a film you'veseenrecently
terrible a bit disappointing
2. the weather recently
. ', i4
3. a journeyyou'vebeen on
"ri+$dl;riir r+ agiq

:f 4rl*;-:+'1si
1'.e..i;,.3"e*
4. a meal you've had recently

Recll English3 oventhe-top

Over-the-top means'exaggerated or extravagant
in some way'.lt could refer to someone'sdressor
behaviouror the amount of food or drink at a party.
Didn't you think their house woso bit over-the-top?
I thoughtten RollsRoycesat the weddingwos o bit over-
the-top.
Sometimeswe sayOTT instead.
Underline the main stressed syllable in each It wos o bit OTT!
expression and practise saying them.

I
I
I

I
 15 Descrc^::--:)

I Asking linked questions Now complete these sentences with although or

consi deri ng.
Itb sometimes ask two questions at the same
l. Talking about a new CD
tine. For example:
a. I think the whole CD is reallygood -
So what'sthat new film likelAny good? how manychangesthe band'shad sincetheir last
I Yes,it's great - if you like Hugh Grant. one.

What was Maltalike?Was it hotl b. I think the third track'sthe best-

n Yes,it was really lovely.We were never out of the
water.
Write similar questions to suggest these answers.
The first one has been done for you.
f . : Whot'shis houselikeTls it big?
B: Yes,it's huge.lt's got four bedroomsand an
enormousgarden.
L :
B: No, it wasn't,actually.lt was reallyboring.ln fact,
I qui te l i kethat songcal l ed' D ol phi ns'too.
c. I thi nk i t' sa greatC D - .... i t' ssti l l n ot
as good as their first album.
d . I t h i n k i t ' sr e a l l yg r e a t ...... how
differentit is from what they usuallydo.
2. Talking about a trip
a. The trip was great the mosquitoes
were a bit of a problemat night!
I
b. I reallyenjoyedthe flight in the end -
how nervous I was before we took off

3 . : ::::::r::
i::::::.::
;
B: Yes,very much.My bossis reallynice and it's quite
c. I had a real l ybri l l i antti me -
wouldn'tgo back.
d. We had a great trip, .
.... I pro bably

. . . how little it cost!

well paid,really.
1 . : Now complete these sentences with although or
B: Yes,it wosquite warm, but not as hot as the last in spite of.
ilme we went.
5 i . 3. Talking about buying a watch
B Yes,I think it'sgreat.The third track is brilliant. a. I reckon this one'sgot to be the best buy,
6 i I know I shouldn'treallyspendmore than f 100on
B No, we lost three-one.lt was just terrible. a watch.
I can't believeit. b. I thi nk thi s one j ust l ooksni cer- beinga
lot cheaperthan the others.
ff Check with a partner to see if you have
ll similar questions.Then listen to the modet c. I'd go for that digitalone,. . . . the strap.
questionsand practisesayingthem. You can alwaysget that changedlater.
d. I think the Rolexone'sthe nicest . . . . . it is
goingto nearlybankruptme!
I
Practice li
For more information on how to use these conjunctions-- ir
)
Now ask your partner two linked questions about seeG23.
the following.

t . the weatheron their last holiday

2. t heir job
3 . their houseor flat
4. how they get on with their parents Make three questions youU like to ask a partner
5 . how they are with this pattern.
6. their day yesterday
S o w h a t ' s. . . l i k e l

U;irryg l ? i r r rrft a r Now take turns asking and answering these

Conjunctions
Look at these examples of sentences with
although, considering and in spite of.
questions. Try to describe things in as much
detail as you can, using as much of the language
from these pages as possible.

I quite like her new shoes- althoughI think the heels

are just a bit too high.
I quite like her new shoes- consideringhow cheapthey Ir
were. I
I quite like her new shoes- in spite of the flashydesigner
label.
1 5 D e s c r i b i tnhgi n g s
L , ; t ' e t t ' : f tJr t
Dl;Jl;l:J::,[:".y:
coffee. Listen to them talking
about the films they have seen
recently.
Cover the conversation. As you
listen, try to answer these
questions.
l. Which filmsare they talking
about?
2. What do they think of them?
Listen again and try to fill in the
gaPs.
Discuss these questions with a partner.
f . Which film would you rather go to - Titonicor BombAlert2?
2. What's the most over-the-topfilm you've ever seenl
Not exactlyShakespeare!
Paul: Guesswhat I went and saw last night - Titonic- it's on againthis
week at the Duke ofYork's.
Mick Oh, yeah.I saw that when it first cameout. What did you think
ofitl(l).. .......?
Paul: Oh, it was great.I reallyenjoyedit. I thought the specialeffects
were amazing,and the actingwas brilliant.lt's one of those films
where, you know,when | first heard about how much money
they'd spent on it, (2) . . . , but it was reallygreat.
It was a bit like one of those old disastermovies,you know,like
Toweringlnfernoor Eorthquoke,(3)
Mick Really?I'm surprised.I thoughtthe actingwas a bit wooden
myself,and the dialoguewas just awful. (4) . . . .you
actuallythought it was worth the money they'd spent on it.
I mean,(5) . . . the whole thing just a little bit
over-the-topl
Paul: Oh, no. (6) . . . I thought it was brilliant.
Mick But the actingwas horrendous!
Paul: Well, I know it's (7) . . . Shakespeare,
but it's not
meantto be,is itl l'll tell you somethingweird though,there was
this guy sitting nexr to us who snored all the way through the
fi l m!
Mick ReallylThat (8) . . . really,annoying.
How could
anybodyactuallysleepthroughall that noise!
Paul: I don't know - just deadtired, I suppose.
Mick Yeah,I guessso,but really,though,(9) . . . it was all
just a bit too sentimental?
Paul: (10). . . , b u t l h o n e s t l yd i d n ' t I. r e a l l yt h o u g h ti t w a s
all done just right.lt was so romantic.
Mick Oh well, eachto his own. Haveyou seen BombAlert2 yett
P a u l : N o , l h a v e n e' tv e nh e a r do f i t . ( l l ) . . ....... ?
Mick Um,Jean-Paul van Klam,he'sgreat in it and,um,that woman from
Komikoze,you know who I mean.Remember?Shewas
T u r t l e - w o m at o
n o ,( 1 2 ) . . . I m u s t( 1 3 ) .
she wasn't very good in that.
P a u l : O h , h e r .S o w h a t ' si t l i k e ?( 1 4 ). ........ ?
Mick Yeah,it's great - if you like blood all over the placeand that sort
of thing.
Paul: Oh, it doesn'treallysound like ( 15) . . . , actually.
I think l'll giveit a miss.
Speaking
 1 5 D e s c r r b i tnhgr n g s

Uging 'i)trr{ttff t=tr Grammar

lmagine your partner lives in the biggest city in
1 Negativequestions
the country. While you make a list of four or five
negative things about living there, your partner
}lkk asked:'Didn't you think it was all just a bit
should make a list of the positive things. Then
bo sentimental?' Negative questions can express
have conyersations like this:
n indirect opinion or surprise.
^ Don't you find Tokyo just a bit too big and crazyt
Do you like cheese?(normalquestion)
Don'r you like cheesef(l'm surprised.) B: Yes,I know what you mean,but I love the night life.
,,\ You must be mad! | can't stand ir.
Vl/hatdid you think of it? (normalquestion)
Didn't you think it was reallyboring?(, did.)

Negative questions are often followed by the

rcrts find and think. In the conyersation, Paul said that the man who
f . Don'tlDidn't you find it + adiective was snoring next to him must've been dead tired.
i I reallylike livingout here in the counrry. There are many more idiomatic expressions
B: Oh, really.Don't you find it a bit boringl which make common adjectives stronger.
i No, not at all.lt's great.
Match l-8 to a-h to make eight such idiomatic
L Don'tlDidn't you think it + verb
expressions.
-r. f'm goingto see DogsofWor tonight.
B: Oh really.Don't you think it looks really l. brand a. sharp
violent?
2. razor b. asleep
A Yes,a bit, but then I like that kind of thing.
3. di rt c . hard
,\
lj Listen to these examples and practise them 4. stark d . easy
wtth a partnen 5. dead e . cheap
6. fast f. awake
Grammarin context 7. wide 8. new
8. rock h. naked
Complete these short dialogues with negative
questions.
Now complete these sentences with the idiomatic
t. I reallylike watchingfilmswith subtitles. expressions you formed above.
Reallyl . . them hard to readl
I reallyloved that ltalianactress. 9. Be carefulwith that knife.lt's . .
Did you? . . she over-acteda bit? 10. I got theseshoescheapin a second-hand
shop,but
3. Did you see that Chinesefilm last nightl they're almost
Yes,but .. it was a bit slowl l t . It was so embarrassing.
He walkedinto the
4. I thought that last scenewas a bit slow. bathroom
a n ds a wf f i € , . . ........ !
Yes,it was a bit, but . . it was t2. I wish the kids would go to sleep.They'restill
reallyromanticl . . . . and it's almostmidnight!
5 . A: I thoughtthe plot was a bit too predictable. t 3 . I bought five bottles. They were
B: Did you?. . it quite funny, l'll neverseethem at that price again!
though? 14. Don't wake him.He's
6 . A I thoughtthat leadactor was brilliantin it. 15. | finishedthe crosswordin a coupleof minutes.
B: Really ? .. h i m a b i t to o much It was
like Robert De Niro?
|.6. Throw that bread away!lt's . .
7. A: Titonicwon loadsof Oscars,didn't itl
B: I know. . . it's a bit over-rated?
8. A: It was rubbish,but at leastit was funny rubbish!
B: D i d y o ut h i n ks o ?. . ...... it
was just sillyand typicalof late-nightcableTVI

With a partnerr practise the conversations above.

il

I
I

107
 1 5 D e s c r i b i ntgh r n g s

Comparing Practice

One way of describing something is to compare it with something Describe the things in these
else. For example: pictures.

So,what was that fashionshow you went to likel

B: Oh, all right,I suppose.lt was a bit like lastyear'sreally,but not as good.

Here are some more common expressions for comparing.

I t w a sa b i t l i k e. . .
but not as good/nice.
but there are a lot fewer peoplethere.
only a lot louderiquieter/morebeautiful.
only there are more/therearen'tas manycars on the
road there.

Describingth i n g s
Complete these short dialogues with the expressions below.

t. What's lndonesianfood like?

B: Delic io u sA. b i t l i k eT h a i fo o d ,I s u p p o s e, J
2. What was Lizzie'sparty like,then?
B: O h, it w a s O K , a b i t l i k e h e r l a s to n e , _J
3. So,what'sNew Zealandlike,thenl
B: A bit like lreland,really, J
4. So,what'sNick and Beth'sflat like,then?
B: I supposeit's a bit like ours,really, _J
5. What's snowboarding?
I've neverheardof it.
B: Snowboardingl
Well, it's a bit like skiing, J
6. So,what'sGraham'ssisterlike,thenl
B: Well,actually,
she'sa bit like him, J
7. What's your new laptoplike?
B: It'sthe sameas my old one, J
8. So,what'rethe Spiderslike,thenl
B: They'reOK, they'rea bit like the Beatles, J Now describe these things in a
similar way.
a. only the kitchen'snot as big.
b. but there'smore sheep. l. a film you haveseen
2. a big city you know
c . only a bit m o re mo d e rn -s o u n d i n g .
3. a caf6,restaurantor club you know
d. only a lot faster.
4. a drink
e. but a little bit lessspicy. 5. a bandyou like
f. only a lot more difficult,really. 6. a vegetable
g. but there weren't as manypeopleas I'd expected. 7. a pieceof furniture
8. a new televisionprogramme
h. only she'seasierto get alongwith, I suppose.

Read your descriptions to a

different partner. Can they guess
what you are describing? For
example:
OK . l t' san al cohol i cdrink which is
a bit like vodka.but it's madefrom
flce.
B: Oh, it must be that stuffthey drink
in Japan.What do you call itl Oh
yeah,sake.
That's it. Haveyou ever tried it?

For more informationon how to

make comparisonslike these,see G24.

108

t I Must for guessing
We often make guesses about something. Here
ru two ways of doing this using must:
must be
- Have I told you yet?We've finallymoved into our
new house.
& Oh reallyflt must be reallynice to havea bit more
spaceat last.
must'Ye been
: I grew up in a smallvillagenear Ludlow.
B: Oh, that must'vebeenwonderful.lt must'vebeena
bit of a shockwhen you first movedto Birmingham,
then.
Complete these sentences with must be or
rnust'Ye been.
l. Sally'snew boyfriendhasa foreign accent.I think he
. . . French.
L The car won't start. The battery ...
dead.
3. I'm not sure where Petewent to school.I think it
. . . somewherein Wales,judgingfrom
somethinghe saidthe other day about Cardiff.
1. Well, if this pen'snot yours,it . . .
5. I ' m t i r e d . S u r e il ty . . . . . . . . . t i m et o g o h o m e l
6. Bali. . . wonderful!Areyou planningto
go backl
7. Justlook at those poor people.lt . . . .
dreadfulhavingno money and no food.
8. Two yearsago we paid f30 a night.I should think it
. . . at least f40 now.
9. Did you seethat policecar?lt
over a hundred.
Reell English3 doingovera hundred
This meansthe car was going at over a hundred
milesan hour. Look at theseexamples:
Youcon't do more thon thirty in town.
We did on overogeof sevenryon the motorwoy.
1 5 D e s c r i b i ntgh t n g s
Grammarin context
Complete the responses in these dialogues using
must or musttve.
l. A. My brother and his wife haveactuallygot eleven
kids now.
B: Eleven!
2. /.: We stayedin this hugetwenty-storeyhotel.
B: Oh, one of those places!
3. ,t I usuallycycleinto work, if it's not raining.
B: Oh reallyl
4. A I got up at five,just as the sun was comingup,and
went for a walk along by the river.
B : W o n d e r f u l.!. . .
5. A\ | like my job, but I haveto work a six-dayweek
every week!
B: Everyweek?
6. A The planewas delayedforty-eight hours! Can you
imaginewhat it was like?
B: Forty-eighthours!
7. J',''Did you hear that over 200 peoplewere killed
in that crash?
B: I know.
8. .r Everyyear we haveour annualsalesmeetingat a
beautifulcastlein the ScottishHighlands.
mine! B: Really?
Compare your responses with a partner, then
practise the conversations in pairs.
Practice
Tell a partner about two interesting things you
. . . doing have done or seen. Your partner should respond
with a comment using must be or must'ye been.
For example:
A: I spent a week in Hong Kong,which was great.
B: Wow!That must'vebeen interesting.I've always
wanted to go there. lt soundslike an amazingplace.
Where do you think the places in the pictures
below are? Use must to make your guesses.
For more information on how to use must for guessing,
see G25.
 Ji.!
?

2
t 7
J I -'-- !J
ltt-.',7.

of film
Do you recognise any of the films shown in these
pictures? Have you seen any of them? What were
they like?

Which of these descriptions match the three

films in the pictures?

t. It's a kind of sci-fithing.

2. It's a costumedrama.
3. It's a typicalHollywoodblockbuster.
4. It's a romanticcomedy.
5. It's a cult movie.
6. It's a real weepie.
7. Itt an animatedfilm.

Can you think of other examples for each kind of

film ?
What kind of films do you like most? Why?
Are there any kinds of films that you really can't
stand?

110
 2 A s k i n gq u e s t i o n sa b o u t f i l m s Pronunciation
Hcre are common questions to ask about films.
f\ eractise sayingthe questionsfrom Exercise2.
t7 Listen,then saythem again.
r \A/-ho'sin it? e. Who's it byl
1 What's it aboutl f. When was it madel With a partner,try to have your own conversations
a Where's it onl g. Where's it froml about films you have seen, using these questions.
a What's it likel h. What kind of film is itl
Use the'forgetting' expressions from Exercise 3 if
you can't remember specific details.
lld<e short dialogues by matching the questions
>lr above to the answers l-8 below.
F i l mv o c a b u l a r y
t.
B: Two or three yearsago. Complete the sentences below with the words in
z the box below.
B: JulietteBinocheand that guy who was in Dimples.
3. banned stars director
B: Japan,but it's subtitled. dubbed cur specialeffects
1-
B: At the Odeon in Queen Street. t . My favourite. . . . is Hitchcock.There'snever
5. beenanyoneelselike him.
B: This guy who hasa mid-lifecrisisand drives 2. The governmenrthoughtthe film might corrupr
acrossAmericalookingfor his parenrs. people,sothey ....tt.
6. 3 . Haveyou ever seenMeon Streets?
lt . . . .
Someltaliandirector. Robert De Niro and HarveyKeitel.
7. 4. I thought that the . . . . in lurossicPorkwere
It's a cross betweena traditionalcop movie and a amazing.
more arty kind of movie. 5 . When they showed Robocopon TV,they .
8. about fifteenminutesout of it, becauseit was so
It's silly.I mean,it was amusingfor a while,but violent.
then I just got bored by it.
6. I prefer to seeforeignfilms in their originalversions
with subtides,rather than
Real EnglishS somettatiandirector \ Now complete the sentences below with the
Usingsome in number6 in Exercise2 meansthat words in the box.
you don't know the person'sname.
Somewomon cameto the door colleaingfor chority.
soundtrack
dialogue
set
plot
scene I
ending
lr
I
3 | And when you can't answer!
7. The thing I love about that film is that the ..
is just so sharpand witty. I laughedat almostevery
t:
line.
Put the words in order to make expressions that 8. I lovedthe . . . . so much that I went out and
we use when we can't remember something. bought the CD the next day.
l. Sorry,/ completely/ gone / mind's/ blank/ my 9. I lovedall the twists and turns in the . . . . , and
the way it only madesenseright at the very end.
2 . W ait , / m inut eI to I a / c o me / i n / me / i t' l l t 0 . I liked most of it, althoughI did think that the
. . . . was just a bit too sentimental.
3 *.n, i ;.:,; ;onr"") ', ) oor ,t,1,"onI or il. It l ooksamazi ng.
l t' s .. .. i n N ew Y ork i n t he
year 2050.
4 . S o r r yl,m y l t o p l t h e / h e a d/ c a n ' t / l / r e m e m b e r / t2. My favourite. . . . in the whole film is the bit
where the aliensfinallycome out of the spaceship.
":
::

Now listen and practise saying the expressions

f,t
7 above. Discuss these questions with a partner.
a . W hic h ex pr es s i o n
me a n s ' l ' dn e e dto l o o k i t u p '? l. Do you preferforeignfilmsto be dubbedor to have
subti tl esl I
b. Which two expressions mean'l can almost- but not
-
quite remember'l 2. What are the best specialeffectsyou'veever seenin I
c. Which expressionmeans'l'veforgotten'l
a fi l ml
3. Do you havea favouritefilm soundtrackl
I
111
 1 6 F r l m sa n d t e l e v i s i o n
i'-7r?i'i( ?,
. . r a 3 . . . 2
Discuss these questions with a partner.
l . Do y ou t hink f i l m c e n s o rs h i p
i s a g o o d th i n g l G i vean
example.
2. Did your parentsever stop you watchinganythingon
TV?What?Whyl
3. Haveyou ever seenRobocop?
What did you think of
it l
The newsthot Mory Whitehousehos died ot the oge of
n inet y - onehos b ro u g h t th e s o me k l n d o f o pposi ng
reoctionsthot she provokedwhen shewos olive.Forover
thirty yeors she wos the heod of the Notionol Viewers'
ond Listeners' Associotion,which she set up in the lote
sixties.She formedthe orgonisotionolong with two other
mothersin their mid-fortiesto 'protectchildrenfrom the
filth ond violence thot is flooding our W screensond
ruiningour children'slives'.When it firststorted,the NVLA
ottrocted hundredsof people to the meetingsit held
roundthe country,ond the group forced the government
ond TV componiesto creote o nine o'clock wotershed,
before which progrqmmesshould not contoinsweoring,
e x c es s iv ev iolen c e o r s e x u o l b e h o v i o u r.l t ol so co-
ordinoted letter writing ond phone compoignsto
c o m p l o i n o b o u t c e r t o i n f l l m s o n d p r o g r o m m e s .A
spokesmonfrom the NVLAsoid,'lt'svery sod thot she hos
died, but she mode o greot contributionto thiscountry.lf
it hodn't been for Mory Whitehouse,the quolity of TV in
this countrywould be muchworse ond the effect on our
childrenwould'vebeen terrifying.'
One TV producer soid in reply, 'l would soy thot!
ru bbis h r eolly . M rs W h i te h o u s e w o s i u s t on ul tro
conservotive who didn't understondort. She cousedo lot
of problemsfor producersof seriousdromo ond, os o
result,she might've persuoded some writers ond ry
executives not to showone or two things,but bosicollylife
movedon oheod of her.In the end, we're odultsond we
livein o democrocyond we shouldbe oble to wotchwhot
we like.'
Reol English3 bad tanguageand the f-word
Bad languageis swearing.Sayingthe f-word is a common way of avoidingsayingfr*k
itself.You shouldonly usethe word itselfin very informalsituationswith peopleyou
know who are huppy using it in conversation.Many people find the f-word very
offensive.
112
f,'1 Read this article about what happened when
I J Robocop was shown
on British TV. When you
have read it, answer these questions.
l. Why did the TV versionof Robocop
offendso many
peopl el
2. What effectdid censoringthe film havel
3. W ho w as MaryW hi tehouseand how does he r
organisation
feel about the TV versionof the film?
Porodoxicolly, o recentincidentperhopsprovesboth
sidesof the orgument.Followingthe showing ol Robocop,
the sci-fi movie best rememberedfor its comic-book
violence,hundredsof people rong up to comploinobout
it. However,whot offended the oudiencewos the polite
longuoge ond the foct thot it wos not violent enough!
Angry viewerscolled their locol televisionstotionssoying
thot the TV versionhod been censoredso muchthot the
film hod been ruined.All the f-words hod been over-
dubbed ond the violencewos so reducedthot ot timesit
wos opporently hord to follow the plot. One mon who
comploinedsoid, 'Thisis o clossicexomple of over-the-
top censorship we constontlyget on BritishTV becouseof
people like Mory Whitehouse.When ore you going to
reolise these people ore dinosoursond let us choose
whot we wont to wotch?'
The strong publ l c reocti on hos octuol l y l e d TV
executivesto consider putting bock some of the bod
l onguogeond vi ol encew hen i t i s show nogoi n.Th e f ilm ,
.|0.05
shownlost Soturdoynight ot pm, ottroctedmore
complointsthon ony other film this yeor. One executive
commentedthot 'one con't help but noticewe've moybe
token too muchout of o film like Robocop.Moybe we've
gone o bit too for thistime.'MrsWhitehousemust'vebeen
turni ngi n her grove.
However,o spokespersonfor the NVLA soid, 'People
who moke thesekindsof complointsore only concerned
obout their own interestsrotherthon the good of society
os o whole.Anybody who con't give up o littlebit of film
in order to reducethe currentclimqteof violenceshould
not be tokenseriously.'
'
i
t,
:
 16 Fi l ms
a ndt elevislon

Discuss your opinions with a partner. See if the

whole class can agree.

Do you agree more with the NVLA or the

viewers who complained about Robocop?Why?

U E i n gi t a i h ' ! { t a - f
Pastperfect simple
Look at these examples from the article.
The TV versionhad been censored_
The film had been ruined.

The past perfect is used to talk about an action

or event which happened before another event in
the past. For example:
'd
f passedthe turn-off for Leedsbefore I realised.
The househad burnedto the ground by the time the
fire brigadegot there.

What sentence comes to mind in these

situations? The first one is done for you.
| . f-W.s terrified as I put on my parachute.
t.7.nr.r."!.i.u.ryP.r.d.
gy.t'.9[g.plqry
.\rIp:f,.. . . .
2. I was feelingsick at the thought of my speech.
. . . . in my life before!
Collocations
3. I was worried about meetingMary'sparents.
Complete the highlighted collocations in this ' berore!
$rmmary of the article on page I 12. 4. ; ;r;:; ,,," n' o ,i. *.,",";;.
i
. before.
The TV version of Robocop causeda strong public i 5. The woman in red was his first wife.
( l) . . . Manypeoplerangtheir local (2) | ' ' once ber or e'
to complainthat too much violencehad been cut I 6.;;" ;" ;' ," ,0 .n" ,r;;r, ;" ," ;" .r.
from the film. In fact,so much had been cut, it was
difficultto (3) . . the plot. lt was a classic an earthquake.
(4) . . of over-the-topcensorship.The NVLA, an 7. He left without sayinggoodbyeto me.
organisationopposedto violenceon television,was in
I i::
::i::t: J:1"
hvour of the cuts becauserhey object stronglyto the
current (5) .. of (6) . . on relevision. : :j::::j :"J::"
;.;'
Speaking
Can you say something true about yoursetf using
Look at these statements about films. Decide
the past perfect and these ideas? For example:
how strongly you agree.
lU nevereatenpaellauntil I went to Spain.
| = strongly disagree
6 = totally agree l. .... unti l I w ent to a C hi nesere st aur anr .
l. Violentfilms can be reallyoffensive. 2. ... unti l I w en t abr oad.
2. Cuttingfilms ruinsthem. 3. .....until ldid my militaryservice.
4. ...until lwentto university.
3. Bad languageshouldbe cut out of films.
5. until I went to Britain/America.
4. Very few peoplecomplainabout violence.
6. . . . . . u n t i ll f e l l i n l o v e .
5. Banningviolentfilmswill cut crime.
6. The TV version of a film should be censoredmore I
than the cinemaversion.
For more information on usingthe past perfect simple,
seeG26. I
I
113
 1 6 F i l m sa n dt e l e v i s i o n

U ; i r t g I r a r - J b u l a1r During the fifties,lots of houseshad television

(4) . . . . on their roofs, but nowadaysthey are
reallygood becominga thing of the past.Thingshavechangedso
much with the arrivalof (5) . . .. , (6)
Put the jumbled conyersations about films into
and satelliteTV.
the correct order.

Conversation I At first, the idea in the UK was thatTV should be

a. No, I haven'tactually,but I've heard it's really educational,so there were lots of (7) . . . . , but
good. Friendshavetold me it's worth seeing. -J today the channelsseem to do nothing but fight to see
b. Have you seen Doy of the Dogsyetl
c. Really?
Well, I must admit it looks a bit too
J which one gets the biggestaudiencefor soapssuch as
Nerihbours,Eostenders
and CoronotionStreet
violentfor me. J The BBC is still one of the best companieswhen it
d. Yes,I'm not sure if I want to see it myself.
J comes to makingseriousdrama (8) . . . . - Pride
Conversation 2
ond Prejudice
and things like that.
a. I'm thinkingof goingto see that new De Niro
film. -J
b. Well, the reviewsI've seenwere very good.
c. Are youl I've heard that it's terrible.Justtypically
J Speaking
Hollywood. -J Discuss these questions with a partner.
d. Were theyl I've heardthe opposite.
-J l. Haveyou got satelliteor cableTVI What about digiral
Conversation 3 - is it really better?
a. But it's meant to be one of the best horror films 2. Do you know anyonewho doesnt havea television?
ever made! J Why don't they haveone?
b. ls it?You'renot goingto watch it, are you? 3. How muchTV do you watch per week?What kind of
It's supposedto be reallyhorrible. J thing do you normallywatch?What makesyou switch
c. Excellent.
lt soundsright up my street,then.
J the televisionoff?
d. ThrillerKiller is on tonight.
e. Well. someonetold me that it's the most
J
Audiences
disgusting
thing they'dever seenin their life. J Exercise 3 above talked aboutTV audiences.
Complete the sentences below with the words in
Speaking the box.

With a partner, use the language highlighted in spechtors congregation on-lookers

the conversations in Exercise I above to talk fans audience viewers
about a new film that you would really like to see.

l. The . . . . gavethe singersa standingovation.

Televisionvocabulary 2. The . .. . were silentas the priest camein.
3 . B o yb a n d su s u a l lhya v em o s t l y g i r. l. . . . . . . . . !
Complete the text below with the words in the
box. 4. Lots of . . . . object to violenceon TV.
5. S ome .... w ere i nj uredw hen H akki nencr ashed.
series remote 6. The policecouldn'tget to the crashbecauseof all
channel documentaries t h e. .
digital aerials
advertisements cable Which of these different groups of people have
you been part of? When?

As I sit here today in front of my TV with my

( l) . . . . control in my hand,it's easyto forget
that when I was growing up in the fifties,there was
only one ( 2) . . .. i n th e U K . l t w a s BB C a nd i t
was years before we got ITV and BBC2. The main
differencewas that tTV had (3) . . . . and BBC
didnt.

114
 16 F r l m sa n d t e l e v i s i o r r

U i ' : i : ' 1? 2 1
r 71 ., . ". (' ., . ?j -?. i. 7 ( S p e a kni g

Mixedconditionals Discuss these questions with a partner.

t . Do you know who the peoplein the picturesbelow

ln the text on page | 12, the person from the are?
I{YLA said:'lf it hadn't been for Mary
lrVhitehouse,the quality of TV in this country 2. How do you think they haveinfluencedthe worldl
rould be much worse and the effect on our
cfiildren would've been terrifying.' The speaker
dtinks Mrs Whitehouse had a very positive effect
qt the country and we should be grateful to her.
The speaker uses would be and would've been.
YYhat's the difference between them?

Look at sentences l-6 about influential peopte.

Decide which ones talk about an imaginary past
rcsult and which ones talk about an imaginary
present result.

l. lf it hadn'tbeenfor him,I would neverhavegone to

university.
2. lf it hadn'tbeenfor him,I'd probablybe dead.
3. lf it hadn'tbeenfor her,the country wouldn't be in
sucha terrible state.
1. lf it hadn'tbeenfor him,animationwould nevernave
becomeso popular.
5 . lf it hadn'tbeenfor her,millionsmore peoplewould
be dyingevery year.
6 . lf it hadn'tbeenfor her,I probablywouldn't be doing
what I'm doing now.

What kind of person do you think sentences l-6

tbove are talking about?

Now complete sentences 7-12 by putting the

verbs in brackets in the correct form.

7. lf it hadn'tbeenfor my friend Reo,I

to Japanlast year.(never/ go)
8. lf it hadn'tbeenfor my mum,I . . . .
anyoneto babysitmy daughterwhen she was
growing up. (not have)
9. lf it hadn'tbeenfor the unions,you .
a pensionnow,Joyce.(not get)
1 0 . l f i t h a d n ' tb e e nf o r F e d e r i c oF e l l i n |i ,. . . .
foreignfilmsas much as I have.(never/ get into)
I l. lf it hadn'tbeenfor our first president,we
. . . in the Dark Ages.(still/ live)
'|2. lf it hadn'tbeenfor her parents,nothing
and
we
'.,,,"irir":;;,ilil]
Now make five sentences about people who
influenced your life - or your country. Use the
same pattern as the examples above.

Tell your partner what you have written.

For more informationon how ro use mixed conditionalsl

115
 conditionals,I wish l'd ...
Choose the correct form. Match the statements l-6 to the follow-up
comments a-f.
l. I've been / | went to China last year on holiday.
It was great. l. I wish I'd studiedcomputingat school.
2. I wish we'd done some shoppingearlier.
J
2. I've playedtennis/ I've been playingtennistwice
this week. 3. I sometimeswish I'd nevermarriedyou!
J
3. Haveyou been stayingin / Haveyou stayedin quite 4. I wish I hadnt floggedmy stamp collectionwhen
J
4.
a lot latelyl I haven'tseenyou about.
I've asked/ | askedhim five times now, and he still
I di d. J
hasn'tdone anythingabout it!
5. I often wish ld kept in touch.
J
6. I wish I hadn'tgone to rhat party.
5. A: lt rainedthe whole time we were in Wales.
B: Really?
J
That must be / must'vebeen horrible! a. We wouldn't haveto haverice againtonight
6. I've been trying / I've tried to do it all week, but if we had.
I still havent managedto get it done. b. I'd probablyget a much better price for it now.
7. Did you speak/ Haveyou spokento him before he c. lt'd be easierto find a job now if I had.
left to go home?
d. I'd love to know what she'sup to now.
8. A: I'm working six daysa week at the moment.
B: Wow, that must be / must'vebeen really e. lt would've been more fun just stayingin.
exhausting! f. My life would be a lot easiernow if I hadnt!
9. What's happenedto Mike?| haven'tseen/ | haven't
With a partner,try and think of another possible
been seeinghim for ages.
follow-up comment for statements l-6 above.
10. I wish I hadnt done / | didn't do that! lt was really
stupid of me!
Speaking
Multiple Tell a partner five things you wish you had done
or hadn't done. Try to use mixed conditionals to
Choose the correct alternative.
explain why you feel like this.
l. I'veworked here ... .
a. sincefive years b. for five years
2 . I ' v e. . . .
Conversation
a. never been an)rwherelike Kos before
Put the jumbled conyersation below into the
b. never been somewherelike Kos before
correct order.
3 . a. Dont y ou th i n k h i m a b i t d u l l ?
b. Don't you find him a bit dull?
4. I do quite like life in centralLondon,... !
a. I bumped into Richardand Judythe other day.
b. I must admit,it doesn't reallysound like my
IJ
a. in spite of the fact it's so noisy sort of thing,actually. J
b. consideringit's so noisy
c. No, they reallyenjoyedit, actually.They said it
5. I'vebeentrying to understandthe presentperfect... ! was a bit likeThailand,only wilder! J
a. sinceages
d. Oh really?How are theyl I haven'tseenthem
b. for ages
6. We spenta coupleof weeks in Hawaii,... .
for months. J
e. What did they think of it? Didn't they find it
a. that was nice
b. which was nice
reallydifficult? J
f. They're great. They've been travellingaround
7. I didnt feel like going,because... that film before.
a. I saw b. I'd seen
Indiaand havejust got back. J
8. Our train was late getting in, ... .
a. which meanta bit of a pain
b. which was a bit of a pain

Compare your answers with a partner and discuss

your choices.

115
 R e v i e wU n r t s1 3 - 1 6

5 i Look back and check:Recommending Collocations

Look back at Conversation l, Conversation 2 Match the verbs l-8 to the best collocations a-h.
end Recommending expressions on page 99.
Underline any bits of language you have l. fol l ow a. a point of doing something
forgotten. Ask your partner about anything 2. dub b. twenty minutesout of a movie
you have forgotten. 3. cut c. and seean exhibition
4. give d. to the point
With another partner, do Exercise 4 on Page 99
5. star e. the plot
again. This time you should begin:
6. go f. in a movie
I went and sawthat film called... the other dayltheother
7. make g. it a miss
week.
8. get h. a film into a foreign language

Expressions Now match 9-!6 to i-p.

Complete the sentences below with the 9. get a mi d-l i fecri si s

erpressions in the box. All the expressions 10. have the third track best
er e f r om unit s l 3 -1 6 . I l . obj ect a lot of suffering
12. cause for a meal
he's not exactly 1 3 . s e n di n the message
get a life 14. gi ve to violenceon TV
it's not worth the entrance fee 15. like your applicationform
that remindsme 16. come over the performersa standingovation
I haven'tseen you for ages
a sore point Now discuss these questions with a partner.

17. Haveyou ever seena film you couldn'tfollow the

l. A l was thinkingof goingto see the new Storlrek plot of?
movietonight. 18. Do you object to anythingon TVI Why?
B: ReallylI wouldn't bother if I were you.
19. What's your favouritealbum?Whichtracksdo you
like best on itl
I can't believeyou haven'tbeen out an)rwheresince
you arrivedhere!Youreallyneedto
English
3 . A What's your brother likel ls he good-looking?
Match the questions l-7 to the responses a-g.
B: W e l l ,l e t ' sj u s ts a y . . ....the
best-lookingguy you've ever seen.
1 . A Whatever you do, don't mention cars to Andy.
l. Hi, Dave.How are you?
-J
2. How's thingsat workl OKI
-|
B: Why on earth nor?
His was pinchedlast month and itt still a bit of
3. What are his paintingslikelAny goodl
J
4. Did you seethar car?
J
5. A: ld better just givemy mum a call,to sayI'vearrived 5. Don't you find him a bit on the slow side?
J
6. Who was that at the door?
safely.
B : O h, . . I mu s t re m e m b erto send 7. Where's Nigel gone for his holiday?Anywhere
-J
my mum a birthdaycard this week. good? -|
6. Hi, how are youl a. Well,we've actuallybeen incrediblybusyjust
lately.
Can you think of three other situations where you b. Yeah.lt musr'vebeen doingabout a hundredand
might tell somebody to get a life? twenty!
c. Oh, just some guy askingif we wanted anywork
Can you think of six words you coutd complete done in the garden.
this sentence with? d. Well, he'snot exactlyPicasso,if you know what I
He's not exactlythe most . . .guy I've ever met. mean!
e. Lee! Hello.Longtime, no see!
f . Oh, I can't reallyremember.SomeGreek island
or other,I think.
g. Well, he'snot exactlyEinstein,is he!

117
 R e v i e wU: n i t s1 3 - 1 6

Vocabulary
Make idioms by matching the beginnings l-8 to Answer these questions with a partner. Then
the endings a-h. compare your answers with another pain Who
got most answers right?
l. We got off a. naked.
2. lt drives b. my guts. l. lf you don't see the point of something,
do you need
3. ld giv eit c. spot for him. glasses?
4. He was stark d. on the wrong foot. 2. Do the policelook for reasonsor motivesfor
5. He hates cri mes?
e. my leg.
6. They went their 3. Does a weepiemakeyou cry or laughl
t. separateways.
7. You'repulling g. a miss,if I were you. 4. Can you think of three thingsthat could be rock
hard?
8. I've got a bit of a soft h. me crazy!
5 . Can food be a bit bland?
6. Where are sci-fifilms usuallyset?
7. What thingsmight you need to get over?
1 1 What can you remember?
8. Name two thingsyou can pickle.
With a partner, note down as much as you can 9. Do censorsdub films into foreign languagesl
remember about the two texts you read in units t 0 . Can you go and see a bannedfilm at your local
14and 16. ci nemal
i l . What's the differencebetweena still life and
a portrait?
12. What does OTT mean?
13. When are costumedramasusuallyset?
14. Does an old friend haveto be old?
15. Complete this sentencein five differentways:
It causeda(n) .. . .
16. ls a plot the sameas a storyl
17. Do you find turningpointsin the road or in your
life?
18. lf you givesomeoneyour consent,are you stopping
them from doing something?
19. lf two people hit it off immediately,
are they friendsl
20. Was the film Titonicset in Hollywood or made in
Hollywood?

Now compare what you remember with another

pair. Who remembers more?

Which text did you enjoy more? Why?

118
 R e v i e wU: n i t s1 3 - 1 6

f)iscuss these questions with a partner.

Are you happywith your Englishaccentat the momentlWhy/why notl

l-
L How much betrer do you think you can getl
3- What do you think the best way of improvingyour pronunciationis?

Now read this text and see what the authors of this book have to say about pronunciation.

I
l
I
li
t:
I
ll

t
r!

ii

Tell your partner which of the things above you atready do. Are there any other things
you'd like to start doing? What?

119
l7
Trafficsurvey
You are doing a survey of traffic probtems in the
town where you live. Here are ten possible steps
w hi ch coul d be taken to i mprove the si tuat ion.

l. i nstal speed
l camerasat al l acci dentbl ac kspor s
2. i ncreaseparki ngfi nes
3. put more sl eepi ngpol i cemeni n quretsrreet s
4. ban all on-streetparlcingin the rown cencre
5. pedestri ani se
the mai nshoppi ngarea
6. set up more bi cycl el anes
7. provi debetter and cheaperpubl i crransp or t
8. ban all carsfrom the town centre
o 9. doubl ethe numberof traffi cw ardens
10. start a one-waysystem
&lle-
In pai rs, deci de w hi ch four shoul d have the
hi ghest pri ori ty, w hi ch three are of medi um
pri ori ty, and w hi ch three shoul d have the
lowest priority.

\'
R ecrl E ngl i sht steepi ng poti cemen
S l eepi ngpol i cemeni s the normalw ay i n B ri t ish
E ngl i sh
of referri ngto speedhumpson the
road,designedto slow cars down in town.

Whileyou

{. -, Ctrris and Claire are having coffee in a town

? ? centre caf6. Cover
the conversation on page
l 2l . A s you l i sten, try to answ er these qu est ions.

l . W hat traffi cprobl emsdo they menti on?

2. What suggestions for solvingthese problemsdo they
c o m eu p w i t h l

Listen again and try to fill in the gaps in the

conversation on the next page.
 1 7 C a r sa n d c i t i e s

Recrl Englishs I mean

More sleepirg policemen! I meanis very common in spokenEnglish.lt is
used before we go on to make our meaning
Chris: Did you hear about rhat kid who was knocked
clearer.
down on JunctionRoadthe other dayl
A: So,whot woslcelondlike?
Oaire: Yes,it was awful,wasn't itl Still.itt B: Oh,l lovedthe ploce.l meon,lwouldn,twont to
(l).. livethere,but it's o greot plocefor o hotidoy.
. , i si t ?
Chris: What do you mean?

Chire: Well, there are alwaysaccidentsdown there, Real Englishr six penattypoints
aren'r there, (2) . . . with the speed In Britainthere is a systemof penaltypoints.lf you
cars go at. And, well, basically,
the crossing'sin are caughtspeeding,for example,you could get
the wrong place,isn't it? | don't know why four penaltypoints.lf you ger too many,you lose
they'venever moved it. I mean, your drivinglicence.
(3) .. . it was exactlyoppositethe ls the systemthe samein your countryl
shops,wouldn't itl
Chris: Yes,(4) ... . They could do
somethingto slow the traffic down, couldnt Driving vocabulary
theyl Maybethey could put sleepingpolicemen
there or somethinglike that. Complete this story with the words in the box.

Chire: Yeah,maybe- maybeone every so often would

one-way pull over U-turn headlights
help,but (5) . . . reallygreat is if they petrol turning direction brakes
had one of those speedcameras.
Chris: Big Brother,you mean!

Cb.ire: No, they really make a difference.you should

see how they'veslowed the traffic down where
my parentslive.
Chris: Yeah,(6) .. I'm only against were (5) ... . comingstraighttowardsme,so I quickly
them becauseI got caughtby one last month. s l a m m e do n m y ( 6 ) . . . . a n dt r i e d t o ( 7 ) . .
so that I could wait till the road was clear. The car
Gaire: You'rekidding! suddenly stalled and I realised that I'd run our of
Chris: No. A hundred and fifty pounds it cost me! (8).. .. !What a nightmare!
A fine ond six penaltypoints!
Oaire: Oh, that'sterrible! Now complete these collocations with verbs from
the text above.
Chris: Yeah,but it was my own silly fault.I mean,
l. ....awrongturn
I should'veknown better,but (7)
2. . . . . i n t h e w r o n gd i r e c t i o n
to what you were sayingabout the crossing,
3. ....aU-turn
you're right. lt would be far safer if it was
4. .... dow n a one-w aystreet
closer to the shops,becausethat'swhere 5. .... on thebrakes
everybodycrosses,you know. That'swhere 6. ....ourofpetrol
mosr kids cross,so (8) . . . if it was
moved down.
Cbire: Yes,I think that's the root of the problem.
Speaking
I mean,it does seema funny placefor a Discuss these questions with a partner.
crossing.And (9) . . . the orher
problem with it is the fact that lots of cars park l. Do you drivel Haveyou got a car?Do you use it in
all round there. townl
2. Haveyou ever driven in Rome,Athens,London,or
Chris: Yes,that does make it difficultto see,I suppose.
Parisl
Apparently,the car rhar hit that kid had just
3. What's the worst city you've ever driven in?
driven off from there.
4. Haveyou ever been stopped by traffic policelWhat
Chire: Oh, really?Had it?Well, you see what I mean, had you donel
then. 5. Haveyou got any stupid/embarrassing/funny
driving
stories?

121
 1 7 C a r sa n dc i t i e s
UEin ratrtff.:.a:-
Secondconditionalsfor making
suggestions
In the conversation on page | 21, Chris and Claire
talked about the pedestrian crossing. Chris said:
'lt would be far safer if it was closer to the shops'.
Make short dialogues by matching l-,4 to the
responses a-d.
l. This town's dead at night,isn't it.
2. The traffic'simpossible,isn't it?
3. They'vemade the main car park bigger.
4. So,what do you think they shoulddo about all
the homelesspeoplesleepingrough?
a. Yes,but it'd be more usefulif they built a
multi-storey.
b. Absolute chaos!What would be reallygreat is if
buseswere cheaperand there were more of
them.
c. Well, I'm not an expert,but I think itd be a
reallygood idea if they spent more on trying to
build flats for singlepeople.
d. I know. ltd be far better if the shopsstayed
open a bit later in the evenings.
Now match 5-8 to the responses +h.
5. lt reallyannoysme that they closethe library
for the whole of August.
6. The pollution in the High Street is really bad.
I wish theyd do somethingabout it.
7. So,what do you think they should do about all
the street crimel
8. I can't believethat peopleare still allowedto
smoke on the buses.
e. I know. ltd be better if there was just a total ban
on it in all publicplaces.
f. Well, I think it'd be a reallygood idea if they had
more police camerasaround.
Me too! lt'd be more usefulif they kept it open
all through the summer.
h . I know. What would be really great is if there
were some way of importing fresh mountainair
from Switzerlandor somewherelike that!
Sentencestarters
In the responses a-h in Exercise l, find four
difrerent if- sentence starters. Write them below.
t. 2.
3. 4.
122
Practise reading out the dialogues in Exercise I
with a partnen Then change partners and this
time, use the four different sentence starters in
Exercise 2 to make your own suggestions about
the problems expressed in l-8.
For more information on how to use second
for making suggestions,see G28.
I
-J Ugingtrraeularl
-J Collocations
J Here are some useful expressions for talking
about your views on things. Circle the word
that collocates correctly in each.
l. Well, that's a difficult/ big questionto answer.
2. I don't reallyhaveany heavy/ strong views on thaL
What do you think about itl
3. You would've thought they'd be able to tackle / put
awaythat problem somehow,wouldn't you?
4. I know what you mean,but that also brings/ raisesthe
questionof how you could do that, doesn't it?
5. Yes,but I think that that can cause/ do problemsas
well as solvethem.
6. Youd think that it was such a large/ major issuethat
J they'd do somethingabout it.
7. Oh well, it seemsthat we've got completely
different/ unlikeviews on that.
-J 8. I think you're trying to escape/ avoidthe issueby
sayingthat.
J
Do you have any strong views on anything? Wha€
J
What are the major issues in your country/in the
world at the mom6nt? How do you think they
should be tackled?
Real Englisht impersonalthey
They is common in spokenEnglishwhen,for some
reason,we don't know,or dont need to name,the
subject.In these examples,they refers to the local
councilor the police.
Theycoulddo somethingto slowthe troffic
down.Theycould creoteo pedestrionprecinct-
With a partner, decide who they refers to in
these sentences:
l. They're supposedto be gettingtougher on car
crime,aren't they?
2. They haven'ttaken the rubbishthis week.
3. They'rethinkingof putting up income tax.
4. I only arrived five minutesafter the flight closed,
but they wouldn't let me through.
 1 7 C a r sa n d c i t i e s

2 Personalopinions Disagreeing
llere are some ways of giving your opinion. Put the words in the correct order to make very
common sentence starters which show you
brilliant. disagree.
a great idea.
hrsonally, I think it's not a bad idea. f. Well, I a I agree| | I 6ut I up t to / point
As far as I'm concerned,I think it's outrageous.
ri d i c u l o u s . 2. what | | | you / but /Yes,/ know / mean
mad.
3. think /Yes,/ don't / that I but I you
With a partne4 use the expressions above and
jve your opinions on these topics. 4. don't /Yes,/ forget I that / but

l- shopsstayingopen twenty-four hours a day

L men in kilts /a Listen and check your answers. practise saying
u? them. Then in pairs,take turns putting
3. getting married at sixteen
forward and disagreeing with the views below. Try
1. legalising
cannabis to continue the conyersations.
5. one car per family
6. body piercing l. There'stoo much sport on TV,isn'ttherel
7- free coffeeduring Englishlessons 2. The way I see ir, most TV these daysis just a load of
rubbi sh.
3. I don't mind a bit of violencein films.lt's more
realistic,isn't itl
You and your colleagues have decided it's time to 4. Peoplelike footballersget paid far too much. At least,
meet to discuss your working conditions. you that'swhat I think.
work lor a yery old-fashioned bank, founded in 5. lf you reallywanr to improveyour English, the only
| 748. The management don't tike change. Suggest thing to do is go and live in Britainor America.
changes to the following - which you are not
happy about. Use as much tanguage from these Now do this exercise again, but this time begin by
two pages as you can. saying:'Oh yes, I know what you mean.' Then add
' The computersystemis ten yearsold and there is no why you agree.
network system.
' Peoplecan smoke wherever they want.
' There are no plantsor picturesor anythingon the
walls.
' There is only one toilet for both men and women.
' Everybodyhasgor to srart at 8.30 and finishat 4.30.
' Women must wear skirts and men must wear ties.
. PrivateInternetuse and telephonecallsare not
allowed.
' There is nowhere to relax during breaksor
lunc ht im e.
. You haveto buy your own tea and coffee.lt is not
provided by the bank.

Can you think of any changes you'd tike to make

to the place where you work or study?
 1 7 C a r sa n dc i t i e s

Talkingabout cities
Complete the sentences below with the words in
the box. The words are commonly used when
describing cities.
Look at these modern pictures of Brighton. Say
what each place used to be and then make a
shantytowns historic overcrowded inner city passive sentence about each one. For example:
capital cosmopolitan industrial centre It usedto be a bank.
It's beenturned into a video shop.
l. ls Sydneythe . . . . of Australia?
2. Sheffieldused to be nothing but factoriesand steel
works - very . .. . , but not any more.
3. NewYork's one of the most . . . . placesI've
-
livedin every nationalityunder the sun!
4. There are a lot of slumsin the You know,
lots of tiny bedsitswith no bathrooms.
5. York'sa really . .. . city - Romanruins and the
medievalwallsstill in good condition.
l. estateagent's--+ l'€St?UF?Ilt
6. Thousandsof the poorest peoplelive in
7. The city . . . . shoppingmall is the placeto go.
8. There'sseventeenmillion people livingin Jakarta.lt's
really

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.

l. What's the most historicalcity you've ever been to? 2. insuranceoffice --+trendy bar
And the most cosmopolitan?
2. Haveyou ever been to a very industrialcity?A very
overcrowdedcityl

Reol Englisht inner city

When Britishpeopletalk about the inner city,they
usuallymeanthe poor, overcrowdedareasaround
the city centre.lt's a negativeexpression.We
sometimestalk about inner city crime and inner
city problems.lf this is different in your country,it's 3. bank -- fish and chip restaurant
probablybetter to say I live near the city centre,
not I live in the inner city.

4. publictoilet --+sandwichbar

Now talk about your home town and tell other

students how buildings have changed and what
they have been turned into. You might also want
to say:

There usedto be a ... near my house/nearwhere I work,

but it was knockeddown and they'vebuilt a ... there
instead.

124
 1 7 C a r sa n d c i t i e s

Grammarcheck ldioms focus

The passive is often used to talk about things A zebra crossing is a kind of pedestrian crossing
ping on in our town or city. The passive can where the road has black and white stripes.
be used with most tenses. Complete the idiomatic expressions in the
sentences below with the animat words in the box.
How good are you at using this structure?
Try to complete these sentences and find out.
cat dogs fish horse
Prcsent perfect cows donkey goose sheep
l.They'vefound an old bomb in the town centre.
An old bomb l. That night club is dreadfulnow. lt's usuallyhalf empty.
2. They'veclosedthe High Street. It reallyhasgone to the
The High Street 2. A: I discoveredPascal's got a blackbelt in judo.
Prcsent continuous B : R e a l l yH
? e ' sa b i t o f a d a r k . . . . , i s n ' th e l
3. They'recleaningthe swimmingpool today. 3. You'vedone absolutelynothingtoday!youcan't
The . expectto sit aroundwhile I do all the . .
4. They're buildinga multi-storeycar park. work.
A ... 4. lt was reallyweird.I was the onlyAsianpersonthere.
l f e l t l i k ea . . . . out of warer.
Prresent simple
5. Pleasedont tell mum that we're going to havea
5. They collectthe rubbishon Wednesdays.
surpriseparry for her. And tell Janenot to let the
The .
. . . . out of the bageither!
6. They never cleanthe streets round here.
The . 6. Our daughteris alwayswatchingTV insteadof doing
her homework.Shecould watch soapoperastill the
Past simple . . . . c o m eh o m e .
7. They closeddown that restaurantlast year. 7. I supposeI' m the bl ack .... of the fami l y .
That . I mean,I went awayto New Zealandand didn't get in
8. They found rats in the kitchen. touch for twenty years.
Rats .
8. No wonder we couldn'tfind the right house!
Past continuous You sent us on a wild . . . . chaselyougaveus
9. They were still cleaningthe toilets when the the wrong address.
Queen arrived.
Thetoilets.... Can you translate the idioms above into your
10. They were repairingthe road all last week. language?
The .
Going to
I l.They'regoingto build a new airport.
A ...
12. They'regoingto improvethe street lighting.
The .
Should
13. They shoulddo somethingabout all the litter.
Something
|.4. Maybethey should put a zebra crossingthere.
A ...

For more information on how to use the passive,

seeG29.

125
 f'.EaCirrg
Discuss these questions with a partner.
l. What problemcan you see in this picture?
2. Do you havethis problem in your town/cityl
3. Can you think of some ways of tacklingitl
fl Now read this article about ways of trying
I J rc solve the chewing gum problem in two
different places.
Which idea do you prefer? Why?
A sticlryproblem
You can imaginethe scene.You'rewalkingdown the street
of an old Englishtown. You decide to sit on a bench to
admire the fine buildingsand beautifulflowers a little bit
longer. Then as you stand up, you feel that nasty pull on
your dressor trousers and turn round to see the remains
of a lump of chewinggum, half of which is now stuck to
your behind!A wonderful moment is destroyedand your
mood changesfor the rest of the day,or however long it
takes you to remove the awful stuff from your clothing.
Well, one town hasfinallyhad enoughof all the complaints
it receiveseachyear and is not goingto put up with it any
more. Darlington,which lastyear won a'BeautifulBritain'
competition,hasdecidedto act by providingspecialboards
where peoplecan stick their gum once it hasbeen used.
Up to thirty chewinggum'parkingboards'are to be put up
in an area in the town centre,which recentlyunderwent a
a one-million-poundfacelift.They will cost f3,000 to
provide, are aimed at the thirteen-to-twenty-three age
group, regardedas the worst offenders,and will bear the
messages'Don't Gum Up Darlintton','Chewlt, Bin lt' and
'Park
Your Gum Here.'The town council believesboards
will help save some of the f6,000 a year it spends on
cleaningup gum from the streets.
The boards,to be situatedat placessuchas sports centres
and cinemas,will havea bull's-eyetarget so youngsterscan
aim at them. Keith Atkinson, head of Darlington's
environmentaland consumerprotection department,said,
'Most people
don't see chewinggum as litter, but we are
hoping the boards will help people to start thinking that
way.We've been flooded with complaints,mainly from
visitors,who saygum on the streets,stickingto pavements
and shoes,is both unpleasantand makesDarlington look
untidy.'
126
Darlingtonisn't the first placein the world to try to tackle
the sticky issue of chewing gum. In 1992,the Asian city
state of Singaporebanned all eating and importing of
chewinggum after it was claimedtrains had been delayed
becausetrapped chewinggum causedthe automaticdoors
to stick.The ban came with severepenaltiesfor breaking
the law.Smugglersbringinggum into the country could get
a jail sentenceof one year plus an eight-thousand-dollar
fine.The government also tried to reinforce its message
with advertising campaigns, which includedsloganssuchas:
'lf you
can't think becauseyou can't chew,try a banana.'
The policy has been a great successas even its critics
admit.'The whole ban idea was not a good idea to start
with, but it did help to educate Singaporeans about the
nuisance effects of chewing gum. Now Singaporeans,
i ncl udi ng ki ds, are more mature about their civic
responsibilities,' said one man we spoke to. And certainly,
Singaporeis acknowledgedto be perhapsthe cleanestcity
in the world.
However,it now looks as if the ban will at leastbe partially
lifted.This is not the result of thousandsof frustrated
Singaporeangum chewers, but instead it's come about
becauseof pressurefrom the Americangovernment.They
see the policy as a restriction on free trade - particularly
of the big American gum manufacturers. As part of the
negotiations on the new trade deal, the Singapore
governmenthasagreedto allow sugar-freegum prescribed
by doctors and dentists to be sold by pharmacists. The
relaxationof the law will only apply to smokerswho are
trying to give up by using nicotine gum and sufferersof
dental and gum diseasesfor whom chewing offers
therapeuticbenefits.

Without looking back at the article, try to
Grrtct the following false sentences, using
|Lc exact words from ,A sticky problem'.
t _ The town centre hasnt been improvedrecently.
L The council havent had many complaintsabout
chewinggum.
3- In 1992,Singaporebannedthe export of chewinggum.
{. There'sonly a smallpunishmentfor breakingthe
anti-chewinggum laws in Singapore.
5- The Singaporeanpolicy has been a failure.
6. They'regoingto legalisechewinggum completelyin
Singapore.
Xow go back and see if you remembered
nrds correctly.
the
Speaking
Discussthese questionswith a partner.
What are the litter laws in your countryl How do
you feel about theml Do you ever break them?
L Do you think the Singaporegovernmentshould have
to lift its ban on chewingguml Why/why not?
3. Do you think free trade is a good thing or notl Whyl
1. Has your country had any trade problemslWho
withl Whyl
5. Which of the slogansmentionedin the article do you
like the best?Whyl
{"o
tter
?oo
rINE
18 Annoying
things
Usingrs.at)ular1
Phrasalverbs
In the article, you read that Darlington isn't going
to put up with chewing gum on its streets any
more. Here are some more phrasal verbs often
used when complaining. Make sentences by
matching the beginnings l-5 to the endings a-e.
Use a dictionary to check the meaning of any of
the highlighted phrasal verbs if you need to.
l. lf work carrieson like this,I'm goingto end up
2. I dont know how they can get awaywith
-J
3. lt drives me mad the way she goes on about
_J
4. The dry-cleanershavecompletelymessedup
-J
5. I just can't put up with
-J
a. thesepeopleany longer.I'm callingthe police.
J
b. my shirt! Just look at the state of it!
c. her sillylittle problemsall the time.
d. havinga nervousbreakdown.
e. suchawfulservice.lt shouldbe illegal!
Now complete the pairs of sentences 6-10 with
the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs
above.
6a. lf this weather doesn'tget betten I'm going to
....goingmad!
6b. lf they don't do somethingabout all these cats,rhe
pl acei s goi ngto ... smel l i ngaw ful !
7a. I reallydon't think I can . . . . the flat beingin
such a state any more!
7b. I dont know how you can ..
you like that. I'd resignif I were you.
.. him treating
8a. l f I t h o u g h tI c o u l d
at all.
. . . . i t , I w o u l d n ' tp a y t a x
8b. She'sthe officegoldengirl. They let her
murder!
9a. I somehow spilt my coffeeand managedto totally
. . . . that essayI've been working on.
9b. I don't trust them, personally.I'm sure they'll
. . . . the economy,just like the last
governmentdid.
lOa. She'salways . . . . how hard life is and how
little money she hasto live on.
l0b. I hate the way he'salways . . . . how much
money he'searningand how rich he is.
Look again at the sentences above. What follows
the phrasal verbs - a verb or a noun? pay ctose
attention to the context of each example.
Does anywhere you know get away with really
bad service - a restaurant, petrot station, shop?
Have you ever messed up anything reatty
important? What was the last thing you reatty
messed up?
127
 1 8 A n n o y i n tgh i n g s

Now complete these sentences using was/were

Speaking
Are you a complainer or do you just tend to put
up with things? Which of these situations would
you complain about? What would you say?
I 8. lthoughtourtowels....
l. You get to your hotel room and discoverthey have
givenyou a room at the back.You had booked a
room at the front with a balconyoverlookingthe
beach.
Your hotel room hasa shower and you wanted one
with a bath and shower.
3 . Your soup has arrived at your table.lt is warm, but
not hot.
4. Your bill has arrived for your meal.They have
overchargedyou by fl0.
Your bill hasarrived for your meal.They have
undercharged you by fl0.
6 . It is 2 am. You'retrying to get to sleep.Your
neighbour'sdog is barking.You like your neighbours.
7. It is 2 am. You'retrying to get to sleep.Your
neighbour'sdog is barking.You don't like your
neighbours.
Someonehasjust lit a cigaretteon the train.
Smokingis not allowed in any part of the train.
Ugirr
going to and a passive form of the verb in brackets.
7. I thoughtwe .. at the airport and
taken to the hotel in a taxi, but we werent. (meet)
....everyday,
but they were only changedonce. (change)
9. lt saidwe .. on a moonlightcruise
round the bay,but we never were. (take)
complaints
Now take a minute or two to think of things from
your own experience which you thought were
going to be better than they actually were. Tell a
partner about them.
With a partner, take it in turns to moan about
these things.
l. a bad haircut/hairdoyou'vejust had
I thoughti t w as goi ngto be ... , but ...
2. a diet someonetold you about
I thoughtI w as goi ngto l ose ... , but ...
3 . a second-handcar you bought
I thoughti t w as goi ngto ... , but ...
4. a film you went to see
I t h o u g h t. . . , b u t . . .
5 . your favouriteTV show not beingon
I t h o u g h t. . . , b u t . . .

We often complain about things that have For more information on how to use woslweregoingto,
happened to us using was/were going to. see G30.
For example:

I thought it was goingto be the holidayof a lifetime,but

it was a nightmarefrom start to finish.
I thought the hotel was going to be really romantic,but it
was horrible.
The advert saidwe were going to havea seaview,but we
had a tiny room at the back of the hotel.
Reol Englisht a haircut/ahairdo
Both men and women can havetheir hair cut.
It is usuallyonly women who havetheir hair
done.A hairdoimpliesmore than just cutting.
What other thingsmight havingyour hair done
involvel

With a partner, imagine you were on this holiday. What's the worst hairdo you've ever seenl
Complete these sentences using was/were going
to and the verb in brackets.

l. I thought we . . in a five-starhotel,
but it turned out to be only a three-star. (stay)
2. lt saidthere . . a drinks party on
arrival,but there was nothing. (be)
3. lt saidthe new swimmingpool .
ready,but it wasn't. (be)
4. lthoughtthehotel ..afive-minute
walk from the beach,but it was more like twenty!
(be)
5. They saidevery room . . . . . fresh flowers
every day,but we didnt see any. (have)
6. The brochure saidthat we . . new
towels eyery day,but we only got one! (have)

128
 Complaining With a partner, take turns complaining about
these situations, using expressions from Exercise r.
Complete these dialogues with the correct Spend a few minutes preparing what you will
cxpressions. say before you start.

l. Complaining about a meal Student A

l. a terrible Englishcourse
o they made it sound as if
2. the trouble you had trying to find a friend'shouse
. And then,to top the whole
thing off usingthe map they gaveyou
. lt would've been OK if that
was the only problem, 3. roadworksgoing on right outside your house
but
Student B

How was the meal last nightl l. a horrible hotel you stayedin
Jmn:
Itlike: Oh, it was awful! The food wasnt very good. 2. the trouble you had trying to work out how to use
a new video recorder
the waiters were really rude as well. (2) 3. a doctor who you don't feel is treatingan injury
you haveproperly
they tried to overchargeus. Then when we
complainedabout it (3) Now think of two really annoying situations from
..... ttwas your own life that youU like to comptain about.
our fault! Spend a couple of minutes planningwhat you,re
L Complaining about a situation going to say. Then get things ofr yol" chest by
telling your partner about these things. Use as
. I wish they wouldn't many expressions from this unit as possible.
. I've
tot a bit of a problem with
o I mean,the last thing I need Recll Englisht get it off your chest
This is a common idiom which means,totell
somebodyabout somethingthat is annoyingor
Terry: How's collegegoing?
fulie: Not very well, actually.( l)
irritating you'.
tl
::::::::::::::1:':::i::
:lililliiSl;*;
;;
a Friday.(3) . .
changethe timetableevery term. Lastterm was
much better.

Gillrt |T rtt
tvorDlt

129
18 Annoying
things
Put the words in brackets in order, to make
expressions that are typical responses when
people are complaining to us.
l. A: Doesn't it bug you the way shopsalwayscharge
t9.99 when you know it's reallyf l0?
B: I must admit,
(like / me / things/ that / really/ bother / dont)
2. A: Look, I'm reallysorry. There'sno way I can come
to your Part),tomorrow night. I've got to work
late.
B: Oh, well, don't worry
(world / not / end I the lthe / it's / of)
3. A: I reallythought I'd got the job. I mean,my
interview went reallywell, and then they tell me
I'm not even short-listed!
B: Oh, well.
(let / you I get I down / it / don't)
4. A: I've got about five bills I'm supposedto pay by
the end of the month. What do they think I am?
Madeof moneyl
B: Oh well,.
(you / do / nothing/ can / about / there's/ it)
f, titt"n and check your answers, then practise
t7
th" conversations with a partnen Try to keep
the conversations going by adding further
comments of your own.
Tell a partner which of the things in the list below
really annoy you. They should respond using some
of the expressions from Exercise 3.
l. findingpublictelephonesalwaysout of order when
you need to use them
2. chewinggum on the pavementstickingto your shoes
3. people letting their dogsfoul the pavement
4. peopletalkingloudlyin publicon their mobiles
5. findingout before breakfastthat you've run out of
milk
6. discoveringthat a pair of trousers you bought have
shrunkin the first wash
7. uncollectedrubbish in the street
Choose the three most annoying things and
discuss how to prevent them from happening.
Can you use some of the if- sentence starters
on page 122 to make suggestions?
a
,i
I
, l
,lt'

J I free practice
l|re these sentence starters to make statements
fu are true for you.
l- One thing that reallydrivesme mad is . . .
1 Doesnt it reallybug you the way . ..
3 - h r eallyannoy sme w h e n p e o p l e...
1- | don't know about you, but personallyI can't stand . . .
]aqr wdk around the class talking to some other
surdents about the things that really annoy you.
leol English3 it realy bugsme
lf somethingbugsyou, it annoysyou.
It reollybugsme when peopledon't returnmy pen ofter
they'veborrowedit..
I need?
More expressions
with bother
Make short dialogues by matching l-g to the
responses a-h. Then underline all the expressions
with bother.
l. Do you fancycomingout for a quickjogl
2. I'm going to complainabout that guy smoking.
3. That was really delicious.Let me wash up.
4. I think I'll try that new bar tonight.
1 8 A n n o y i ntgh i n g s
5. Sorry to bother you, but haveyou got the timel
6. I was really upset by her letter.
-J
7. I cant standmobilephonesgoingoff in public!
J
8. Are you sure you dont mind givingme a liftl
J
J
a. No, it's OK. You needn'rbother! l'll do it tater.
b. Really? Thingslike that don't bother me.
c. Oh, it's no bother at all.I'm goingyour way.
d. Sorry,no, I haven't.
e. Oh, don't let it bother you.Shedidn't meanit.
f . No, I can't be bothered.I'm too tired.
g. Why bother!You'llonly start an argumenr.
b- h. I wouldn't bother if I were you.lt's dead.
Spend two minutes trying to memorise the
responses a-h. Then coyer Exercise 6 while your
partner reads out l-8. Can you remember alt the
responses?
Translate the eight expressions with bother into
your language. You will almost certainly need to
use more than one verb. How many verbs do you
Complete the short dialogues betow with the
idiomatic expressions in the box.
It's a Catch 22 situation,isn't itl
Yes,and that'sjust the tip of the iceberg.
Its a bit of a mixed blessing,isn't it?
Yes,poor guy.lt's a viciouscircle,isnt itl
l. ,: John drinksto stop himselfworrying about money,
and the more he drinks,the more he spends,and
so on and so on.
B
2 A The thing is,I can'tger a work permit unlessI've
got a job and I can't get a job till I've got a work .
permit.
B
3 A One hundredpeoplehavealreadylost their jobs.
B
I think there'sworse to come.
4. ,",.Our neighbourswon halfa millionon the
National Lottery last year,but six months later
they separatedand now they're divorced.
B:
Speaking
J Can you think of any other examples where the
J four idiomatic expressions in Exercise 7 above
J could apply?
J
131
 J i ' ! 3 nI r f
Optimisticabout the future? A Rachet and Nick, two friends both in their last
I J y" , at university, are chatting oyer cofree.
Listen to them talking about what they see
Do you agree with these statements?
themselves doing in the future.
l. The world is a better placethan it was twenq/
years a8o. -J Cover the conversation. As you listen, try to
complete these sentences.
2. You arent even safe in your own home today. _J
l. Nick'sthinkingabout , but it dependson
3 . Youngpeopletoday havegot a good chanceof
getting a well-paidjob when they leaveschool. J
2. He'd like to . . . . . ., but he probablywon't have
4. There'sno suchthing as a safejob today. J
5 . Pollutionis gettingworse. J 3 . R a c h ewl a n t st o . . . ...and
6. I feel much more confidentthan I usedto. J 4. lf she , then she'll
Otherwise,she'll probablygo . . .
7. The world is becominga lesstolerant place.
J
8. Peopleare more aware of environmentalissues
than they used to be. J Listen again and try to fill in the gaps in the
conversation.

Complete this sentence by adding a pessimist and

an optimist
. . . .. is someonewho alwaysthinksthe glassis
half-full,while ..... alwaysthinksit's half-empty.

Now mark the eight statements with an O or a P

depending on whether you think they are
optimistic or pessimistic.

Speaking
Tell your partner how optimistic you feel about
your own future, the future of your country,
or the future of the world.

The young person in this picture are protesting

against the cutting down of trees. Would you?
ls there anything else you feel strongly enough
about to protest against?

132
 1 9 Y o u rf u t u r e

Now you're talking!
Rachel: So,haveyou had any more thoughtsabout
what you're goingto do next year,then?
Nick Mm. I don't know really.I mean,
(l) .. . . . . t h a t i t m i g h tb e a g o o d i d e a
to do that art course I was tellingyou about,
but it all dependson my results.
Rac hel: S o wha t a b o u t F ra n c e l(2 ) ..
to Parisa while backl
Nick Oh, for that Frenchcourse?Well,I would still
like to do it, but I just don'r know if I can
afford it.
Rachel: Oh, I know what you mean.Money'salwaysa
p r o b l e m ,i s n t i t l I m e a n (, 3 ) . .
year is to learn to drive and buy a car,but I'm
Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.
l. Are you the kind of personwho couldjust suddenlygo
abroadfor six months,on the spur of the momentl
Haveyou ever done anythinglike that?
2. Haveany of your friends ever gone off to work in
another country?Where did they go?
.... goi ng 3. ls it possibleto plantoo much for the futurel
I Real Englishs theAussies
This is an affectionateterm used by British people
for Australians.
.... next
New Zealandersare known as Kiwis while I

not sure if I'll havethe cash. (4) . . Australianscall Britishpeoplepoms or pommies.

I'm just so sick of havingto get buses
everywhere.
Nick Dreadful,aren't theyl You wait half an hour
and then three come alongat the sametime. Phrasalverbs with
S o , y o u ' r e( 5 ) . . . . . . j u s tg o i n gt o b e
stayingaround here,just trying to saveup In the conyersation, you met save up, end up and
some money,thenl grew up. Complete the sentences below with the
Rachel: Yes,I supposeso. lt depends,really.I mean,if I verbs in the box. Then go back and underline the
can find a good job, then l'll stick around,but phrasal verbs.
ot her w i s e(6 ) .. .... e v e n tu a l liys goi ng
back to Glasgow.
Nick do cheer put turned
Oh right,becauseyou grew up there,didn't
you? beat hung come bottling
Rachel: Yes,that's right,yes,so I supposeI do see
myselfendingup there eventually. t . This reallystrangething happenedlast night. An old
Nick Yeah. friend from school just . . . . up on my doorstep,
Rachel: So,(7) . . . . .you do this art course,what totally out of the blue!
do you see yourselfdoing after that, in the 2. That was weird. Whoever it was on the phone just
longterml
. . . . up as soon as they heard my voice!
Nick Oh, I dont know. No idea really.I haven't
thought that far ahead.I'll just (8) . . 3 . Once we've savedup enoughmoney,we're goingto
and see what happens. ....upourflatabit. I

Rachel: Justlistento us,Nick!We just soundso 4. A: Why don't I cook tonight,if you're not feeling ll
b o r i n g (! 9 ) . . ....go offsomewhere up to itl I
together this summer,you know,maybe- | B : W o w ! T h a t ' tsh e b e s ti d e ay o u ' v e. . . . . . . . . . u p
don't know - work abroadfor six monthsl with all week!
Nick What?You meanpickinggrapesin FrancelThat
5 . I wish you d . . . . up a bit! lt's reallystartingto
kindof thing?
get me down, seeingyou like that!
Rachel: Yeah,o4 I don't know - workingin a hotel in
Spain, or - I got muggedlast year,and when I wouldn't give them
Nick Or goingto Australia.lf the Aussiescanwork my watch,they . . . . me up really badly.
o v e rh e r e (, 1 0 ). . . . . g o a n dg e ta 7. It's not healthy,you know,
job over there? . . . . up all your
negativeemotions like this. lt's much better to just
Rachel: Yeah,ld loveto do that.Where'sthe paper?
get thingsoff your chest.
What'sthe cheapestflightto Sydney?
Nick Now you'retalking! 8. lf you're stuck for somewhereto stay,we could
always . . . .you up on our sofa.

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.

l. Do you ever bottle thingsup?

2. How do you usuallycheer yourselfupl
3. Haveyou ever been beatenupl

133
 1 9 Y o u rf u t u r e

U;irry glarnfirar Uging vsraeulary

Rachel said'What lU really like to do next year is Complete the sentences below with the words in
learn to drive'. What can be placed at the the box.The sentences are all common answers
beginning of a sentence to give special emphasis to the question:'What are your plans for the
to what follows. lt means'the thing that'. future?'
What I really need to do is get awayfor a break.
wait and see perfectly happy
What I'd really like to do is learn to drive.
cant really take things
What I was thinkingof doing is goingabroad.
change see myself

Rewrite these sentences using the expressions

with what above. a. I' m .. . doi ngw hat I' m doing.
b. My plans . . . fairly often.
l. Your companyis sendingyou to Japan,so you
haveto start learningthe language. c. lcan't ...stayingtherefor
What much longer.
d. l'll just haveto . . . what
2. You think it would be a great idea to buy a flat
happens.
in the next coupleof years.
What e. ljust ...astheycome.
f. | . . . . .. .. .sayyet.l t al l depends.
3. You haveno money and desperatelyneed to
start saving.
Now complete l-6 using a-f above.
What
4. You think you would quite like to travel round t . I'm a fairly laid-backkind of person.I mean,
India in the not-too-distantfuture. and only worry about things
What if and when they happen.
2. A: So,what are you goingto do once you get back
5. You'yealwayswanted to start a family as soon
to Madridl
as you get married.
B: Well, I might try and get a job as a chef,but
What
yesterdayI was thinkingabout maybegoing back
6. You've had an idea - maybego abroad for to college.Ask me againin a week!
Christmasthis year rather than stayat home. ., you know.
What 3 . A: So,how's it all goingl
B: Well, to be honest,I'm reallyfed up at work.

A: lt soundsto me like it's time to move on.

Complete these sentences in ways that are true
for you.
l. What I reallyneedto do beforethe endof the week
s
What I was thinking of trying to do next year,if I get
the chance,is .
4. What ld reallylike to be doing in a few years'time
s
Now tell a partner about what you have thought
of, giving more details if you can.
For more information on how to use sentences
with whoqsee G3l.
4. A: So,what are your plansfor the future?
B: Well, right now, life'sgreat.Maybein a
couple of years I might changemy mind,but at
the moment. ..
5 . A: So,are you still off to Kenyain the spring?
B: Well, I'm not 100%sure just now, becausemy
dad'sstill very ill,so . . .
6. A: So,how long are you goingto be stayinghere forl
B:... .on my
girlfriend.lf thingswork out between us,we might
think of getting married and settlingdown.
Do any of the expressions a-f apply to you in
your present situation? For example:
I wouldn't say,'ljust take thingsas they come' now, but
I might'vedone when I was eighteenor nineteen
becauseI didn't havea job then,and I didn't reallyknow
what I wanted to do in the future.

134
 2 | Coflocations
Complete each of the sentences l-4 in two
different ways, using two different endings from
the box below to make some common
collocations about the future.

my own country back to university

abroad with my girlfriend
a new job somewherenicer to live
studying where I grew up

l.

2.

3.

4.

Now complete sentences 5-9 in the same way.

reading south
a better laptop my family
to buy a flat for a DVD player
house sport
the world a new car

5.
:::':::::
:::::::::::::1:
I'T:i:i'::::
Tl:T
7. ld like to start doinga bit more
t.....
8. lf I can,l'll probablysaveup

9.
:J::il:'i::i':l
How many of the sentences above are true for you?

Speaking
In the conyersation on page 133, Rachel and Nick
talked about going to Australia. lf you had a year
free, what would you do? Do any of these appeal
to you?
l . buildinga pr im a rys c h o o li n B a n g l a d e s h
2. working for an aid agencyin Ethiopia
3. goingon an expeditionto the North Pole
4. working with homelesspeoplein Manchester
5. sailinground the world
6. writing a book
 1 9 Y o u rf u t u r e

i'-=aCirt'7

Make sentences about the future by matching

the beginnings l-7 to the endings a-9.

l. My parentshave J
2. lwish
J
3 . I hope
J
I've alwaysdreamed
-J
One of my greatestfears is I
__J
I'm reallylookingforward to
J
I'm reallydreading
--|
I didn't haveto go backto Japannext year.
great expectationsfor my future.
endingup on m y o w n w h e n I' m o l d .
the summer!lt gets so unbearablyhot here!
seeingall my old friendsagainonce I'm back home.
of maybeone day goingto live in Hawaii.
I can find a good job once I graduate.

Now use the sentence starters in 2-7 to tell your

partner about some of your hopes and dreams.

f1 You are going to read an e-mail from somebody who is dreading something.
I / f :nA out what it is - and why they are dreading it.

EcENoMItrAL WITH THE TRUTH !

DearAdam.
Hi. How'reyou doing?Hopeeverything's all rightwith happened is I'vefallenfor thiswomanI met.Heron-
you. I justthoughtI'd betterwriteto let you knowthat linenameis Foxyandshesoundsamazing. She's22,
I may not be able to come over and visit you in blondeand comes from Denmark.She's studying
September likeI saidI would.Thethingis, I'vehadto alternative medicineand we get on like a houseon
take a few weeks off recentlybecause I've done fire.The problemis, though,I haven'tbeen entirely
somethingweirdto my back.Also,as you know,I've honestwith her. I told her I was seven years older
got my end-of-school examsin Juneand I can'treally thanI am,and saidI wasalreadyworking- in a really
makeanyconcreteplansuntilI knowhow I'vedonein well-paidjob. I alsotold her I had my own apartment
them,so everything's a bit up in the air for me at the rightin the centreof town.Anyway,to cut a longstory
moment.Hopefully, everythingwill workout fine and I short,I've stupidlyarrangedto meet up with her next
will be able to come and see you, but don't be too week. I'm reallydreadingit now!Whatdo you think I
surprisedif thingsfall through. shouldI do?
By the way, I also wanted to ask you lor a word of Hopeto hear from you very soon,
advice.SinceI'vebeenstuckat homea lot lately,I've All the best,
been surfingthe net quitea lot and spendinga lot of
time in various chat rooms, and basicallywhat's Max.

3. Do youthinkchatroomsarea goodplaceto meet

Speaking
potentialpartners?
Why/whynot?
4. Haveyoueverbeeneconomical with the truth?When?
Discuss these questions with a partner.
Whv?
L Do you ever visit chat rooms?Which onesl With a partner, either write Adam's reply to Max
2. Haveyou got an online name? or role-play the conyersationbetween Max and
Foxy when they first meet.
136
 1 9 Y o u rf u t u r e

4 L a n g u a g ed e v e l o p m e n t , : . ?
J J . i . < i
J

l{atch the sentence adverbs l-5 with their

meanings a-€. if- expressions
B as ic ally t
I
I There are seyeral if- expressions with which we
: Realis t ic ally II use to talk about our future plans. For example:
_J
: ldeally I W el l ,i f everythi ng
goesaccordi ngto pl an, I sho uldbe
I
t Eventually livingin Morocco this time next year.
I
I

! Hopef ully I
a
Complete the short dialogues below with the
!
I t hink t his wil l h a p p e ni n th e e n d . correct form of the verbs in the box.
T hiswould be th e b e s t p o s s i b l ere s u l t,b u t i t mi ght
not happen. go (x3) fall fail work
I would lik et h i s to h a p p e n .
So,what do you seeyourselfdoingwhen you get
This will probablyhappen,eventhough I may not backhome?
want lt to. B: W el l ,i f al l . . . . w el l ,I shoul dbe abler o get
T his is m y gen e ra l /s i mpvl ei e w o f w h a t w i l l h a ppen. my old job back.Touchwood!
2. So,you'reoff to Australiafor Christmas,are youl
Which two adverbs did Max use in his e-mail?
B: Yes,if everything . . . . accordingto plan.
Complete these sentences in a way that is true We're just waitingfor our visas.
for you. Then compare with a partner. 3. So,you'veappliedfor the manager's job?
B : Y es,and i f that . . . . through,I thi nk l'll look
Basically,
what I'd reallylike to do in the future is . . . .
elsewhere.

2. ldeally,I'd love to be ableto 4. We're too late to get tickets for the final now!
sometimein the next few years,but realistically B: Well, if all else . . . . , we'll just haveto
l ' l lp r o b a b l.y. . . watch it on TV then.

3. Next year I can see myself 5. So,you'rethinkingof buildingyour own house.

and after that l'll hopefully That soundsa bi t ambi ti ous.
B: Yes,it is a bit, but my father'sa builder,and if
4 W ell,if I c ar r y o n d o i n gw h a t I' m d o i n gn o w ,.
nothing . . . . wrong,it shouldonly take
e v e n t u a lll'yl l . . .
about a year or so.
5. Well,you know that I reallylike . .
6. What am I goingto do about my boyfriend?
s o i d e a l l yI ' d l i k et o e n d u p . . .
B: Tell him you'regoingto work in Greenlandif he
doesn'rask you to marry him - and if that
a

It
doesn't . . . . , r h e nn o t h i n g w i l l !

Now go back and underline the full expressions

with if.

Recll English3 Touchwood!

l It i s commonw hen usi ng' touchw ood' to touch a

pieceof wood at the sametime. This is a common
Britishsupersririon
when talkingabout the future.
I m seeingthe doctortomorrowond if otl goeswell,l'll
be bockot work pretty soon,touchwood!
This is a very old superstirion.The idea is that if
you touch wood - the samematerialwhich the
crossof Christ was madeof - you will have
good luck.Do you do anythinglike that?

137
20
What do you look for in a job?
Mark each of these ideas from | (not important)
to 5 (very important), depending on how
important they are for you when you're looking
for a job.
ff A casualworker normally works for a
l/.o-pany, but without a contract of
employment. He or she is not permanently
employed and in many countries has few rights.
Read the article on page | 39 about two casual
workers who had a problem with their employer.
When you have read it, answer these questions.

I beingableto work flexi-time l. Why did Mrs Carmichaeland Mrs Leesetake their
-J gettingholidaypayand sick pay employersto court?

I earninga good salary 2. What was the judge'sdecisionl

I doing a reallyinterestingjob 3. What are the implicationsof this decisionfor other

casualworkers?
I knowingyour job is secure
_t not beingstuck behinda deskall day
J doing somethingusefulfor society
-J beingableto work from home
J getting a company car
J gettingmaternityor paternity leave
Compare your answers with a partner. What else
would you add to this list?

Complete the sentences below with the words

and expressions in the box.

full-time lots of benefits paid holiday

unfairly treated sick pay income tax
maternity leave contract

t . When my son was born, I took . . . for

three months and then went back to work part-time.
2. I can't go awaymuch,becauseI only get three weeks'

3 ;;"; ; ;;;-" ;iil | managed

to settwomonths'

4. ... starts at20% and goes up to a

maximum of 40%.
5. I appealedto a tribunal becauseI felt lU been

6. I used to do only two daysa week, but I work

...now.
7. I've been there six years now, but I've never been
givena proper
The best thing about my job is that I get
. . . - a companypension,private
health insuranceand things like that.

138

We can work it out.
Crettinga good job in Britain today is far from easy.More
and more young people are going to university, so a degree
has becomethe minimum qualification required, whereas
once it was a magical door-opening piece of paper. If your
O/ doescatch a potential employer'seyeand you're lucky
enoughto get called in for an interview, you then encounter
the next hurdle: you find yourselfin a Catch-22 situation
r*'here you can't get a job unless you've got work
experienceand, of course,there's no way you can get any
r*'ork experienceuntil someonefeels like giving you a job !
If and when you do finally manageto land a job, you rhen
realise that your troubles have only just begun.
The last twenty years have seen radical changes in
employment laws, very few of which havebenefitedyoung
workers in any way. Full-time contracts seem to have
becomea thing of the pasr,and insteadyou'll probablybe
offered a short-term casual contract - even if they're
talking aboutemployingyou full-time ! I've heardof people
who've worked full-time for six or sevenyearsand who are
still being paid by the hour! One good rhing that has
changed recently, though, is that at least you're now
entitled to the national minimum wage. Living on less
than five poundsan hour isn't easy,but at leastyou can't
be totally ripped off by your bossesanymore.
Becauseof all thesechanges,there's not much job security
anymore. Companieshave learned how to dress up mass
redundanciesin media-friendlylanguage,calling hugejob
cuts 'down-sizing' or 'corporaterestructuring'! If you do
end up out of work, don't expect your union to be much
help. The power of trade unions was cut dramatically in
Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.
l . Does t he s it u a ti o ni n B ri ta i ns o u n ds i mi l a rro the
situationin your countryl In what way?What's
differentl
2. Haveyou ever done any casualworkl How were you
treated?What was the money likel
3 . Who's the worst employeryou've ever worked for?
4. Haveyou heardof any companieswhich havea
good/badreputationfor the way they rreat their
workersl
*.;S'.- ':;=wijr'$*€'
-+--- *.*-*lF-
20 Theworldof work
the 1980safter the endlessindustrial acrionof the 70s and
today they've becomea little bit toothless.However,as a
recent landmark legal casehas shown, it's nol all doom
and gloom, and there is still hope for the workers.
Last month two casualworkers, who were never offered
proper contractsof employment,won the right to the same
benefits as full-time workers. A judge said that because
Mrs Carmichael,35, and Mrs Leese,36, had signedletters
acceptingjobs at Blyth Power Sration, they should have
been treated the same as any other full-time employeeof
National Power.However,the two women had been denied
holiday and sick pay and many orher benefits normally
given to full-time staff.
Despite taking income tax from their pay, making the
women wear companyuniforms, and giving them the use
of companycars, National Powertried to insist that Mrs
Carmichaeland Mrs Leesenever worked directly for the
company.They were, therefore,refuseda proper contract,
and were not givenany employmentprotectionor benefits.
Thejudge's decisionmeansthat casualworkersall overthe
country can now fight for the right to sick pay,holiday pay,
maternity leave and other benefits. The judgement also
means that casual workers can appeal against unfair
dismissal by their employer if they are sacked without
reason.A solicitor acting on behalf of the rwo women said
it was a major breakthrough in employment law, which
was likely to have a very positive effect on the working
lives of thousandsof men and women employedon a casual
basis.
Vocabulary
Discuss these questions with a partner.
l. What is the differencebetweena full-timeworker,
a part-timeworker and a casualworkerl
2. What are the usualreasonspeopleget sacked?
3. What's the differencebetweengetringsackedand
bei ngmaderedundant?
4. What kind of thingsdo you pur in your CVI
5. What are the namesof the biggesttrade unionsin
your country?What do they dol
 20 Theworld of work

i ltaTt'iizr J
i - l ?
J J ; J t

Complete these sentences with work or job.

l. He's neverdone a day's . . . . in his life!

2 . A r e y o u s t i l l o o k i n gf o r a ....,thenl
3. lt's quite hard . . . . findinga flat in a big city like
Milan.
4. lt's a dirty . . . . , but someone'sgot to do it!
5. I know the money'snot very good,but at leastyou're
g e t t i n gs o m eg o o d ....experience.
6. Oh, the kitchenlooks lovelynow. You'vemadea
reallygood ....ofit.
7. I'm sorry,but I can't let you use the phoneto ring
Australia.lt's more than my . . . .'s worth!
8 . I ' v ebeenup t o my e y e si n ... . a l l w e e k!

Speaking
Discuss these questions with a partner.

l. Do you know anyone who's never done a day's work

in their life? How do they get byl
2. Can you think of three other things that are quite hard
workl

e ? O ?t ? ?
r r - ! i
- . J t
- e . J t J
2

Before listen
With a partner, decide what the people in the
pictures on these pages do for a living.

Which of the jobs in the pictures would you

most/least like to do? Why?

What do you think these jobs would involve?

Could you or would you do any of them?

/* , Now listen to three of the people in the

l/ pictures talking about their jobs. As you
listen, try to decide what their job is. Then
comPare answers.

t.
2.
3.

140
 How arethingsat work?
Hatch the common questions about work l-5 with typical answers a-e.

l. How are thingsat workl
2. So,what exactlydoes your job involve,thenl
3. Haveyou been doing it long?
4. What are the hours likel
5. What's the money like?
a. . lts OK. lt's enoughto live on.
. lt's not very good - more like slave-labour!
. Well, actually,I don't think it's any of your business!
$. o They're OK, the usualnine to five.
a
Awful. I don't usuallyget home until ten!
a
Great. I'm usuallyhome by two or three.
c . . Crazyt I've been rushed off my feet all week!
a
Oh, we've been pretty quiet,actually.
a
Oh, it's OK, the sameas ever.
61. r Well, I'm in chargeof Accounts.
a
I do all the marketing.
a
I deal with all the complaintsthat we get.
e . . Yes,it's about ten years now I suppose.
a
No, I've only just started,actually.
a
Yes,too long!

In your country is it acceptable to ask someone how much they earn?

Are you happy to talk about how much you earn?

lmagine you are one of the people in the pictures on these pages. Spend two
minutes thinking about how you would answer the questions in Exercise I
above, using the typical answers if necessary. Your partner should then ask
you the questions and try to guess which job you do.

141
 20 Theworldof work

jokes

Below are three joke answers to the question:'So

what's your boss like?' Discuss with your partner
which one you find the funniest and why.

l. He's reallyflexible.He lets me come in any time

I want beforenine,and then lets me leavewhenever
I want after five!
2. He's so meanthat if you're three minuteslate for
work, he finesyou,and if you turn up five minutes
early he actuallystarts chargingyou rent!
3. He's reallyhard on late-comers.Actually,one day
one of his assistants
turned up over an hour late,
covered in blood,and as he staggeredover to his
desk,my bosswent up to him and askedhim where
hed been.The assistantapologisedand saidhe'd
fallendown three flightsof stairs.
'What?'saidmy
boss,'thattook you a whole hour,
did it ! '

f 1 Listen to the jokes. Mark the stresses and

ld ptrres. Then tell the jokes to each other in
pairs with one student asking:'So what's your
boss like, then?'

Make answers to the question:'What's your boss like?' by matching the

beginnings l-8 to the endings a-h.

l . Well, he'snot exactlythe most a . o sit at his deskand giveorders!

a
talk to the other guysabout football.
2. He's awful,a real b . . domi neeri ng.
bossyand dictatorial.
a

3. Dreadful!All he ever does is c . . on the phoneto her boyfriend!

a jettingoff to Parisand Rome on business
4. Oh, he'sgreat,he'sa really d . . easy-goingand easyto talk to.
nice and friendly.
I

5 . O h, s hes pen d sth e w h o l e trme e . r me about thingsthat aren'tmy fault.

a
everyoneabout spendingtoo much money.
6. Terrible,she'sreally f. . approachable personI've ever met, but he'sOK, I guess.
a
intelligentbloke I've ever worked for, but I guesshe'sOK.
7. O h, s he' sbr il l i a n t,re a l l y g . ' dictator!
slave-driver!
a

8. He's alwaysgetting on to h . o nrce8uy.

I
good person to work for.

Speaking 4. ls it importantfor a bossto be friendlyand

approachableor is it OK if they're a bit distantfrom
Discuss these questions with a partner. their staff?
5 . Are there other qualitieswhich are important?
L Do any of the commentsin Exercise4 aboveremind
6. What do you call the bossof a schoolfA
you of your boss or one you haveknown?
departmentlA footballteaml
2. Tellyour partner what kind of a bossyou think you'd
7. How manyother words can you think of with a
make and why.
si mi l armeani ngto' boss' ?For exampl e:
head,
3. Which personin your classdo you think would make employer,manager, supervisor,superior,etc. Which
the best boss?Why? do you preferl

142
 20 Theworld of work

Usinggfl{ftfftZtf 5. A: l'll give you a call over the weekend about the
followingweek.
B: Yeah,that's OK, but
Futurecontinuous A: Sure.I probablywon't know what I'm doing until
then anyway.
Notice the highlighted words in these sentences.
6. A: Thanksto this rail strike,I dont know how l'll get
l'll be meetingmy bossnext week,so I'tl talk to her home.
about my chancesof promotion then. B: You'rein luck.I drove today.
The twins will be startingschoolthis autumn,so l'll have
a lot more free time.
plans
Both situations are about the future ('ll and will).
In both cases the verb is extended in time Walk around the class and chat to some other
(meeting and starting). lt is common for the students about the kind of work you see yourself
future continuous form to be followed by a clause doing in the future, where you see your career
that begins with so. going in the short term, any long-term career
plans you'ye got, and so on. Try to use as much of
Make sentences by matching the beginnings t-6 the new language from this unit as you possibly
to the endings a-f. can. For example:
l. I'll be doingsome work in your areatomorrow,
-J lf we meet in ten years'time, if everythinggoes according
to plan,l'll havemy own company.l'll be drivinga top-of-
2. l'll be goingbackto Japanin the autumn,
_J the-rangeMercedes.I'll be livingin a hugehousewith my
3. I'll be passingyour front door,
-J own private plane.I'll own an islandsomewherehot.
4. l'll be doinga computer coursein April,
J For more information on how to use the future
5. l'll be writing my MA thesisall summer,
6. l'll be going down to my dad'snext Saturday,
J continuous,see G32.
J
a. so it's no trouble givingyou a lift.
b. so then I'll be an expert on the Internet.
c. so don't try and call me until Sundaynight.
d. so I'll be working in the librarya lot.
e. so l'll pop in and sayhello if I get a chance.
f. so l'll try and get you a cheapWalkman,shalll?

Grammarin context
Make short dialogues by adding sentences from
Exercise I above.

l . A : Well, I really like this Sony,but it's just too

expensivereally.
B: Well, look,
A: Oh, that'd be great if you could.ld payyou for
it, of course.
2. A: So,John,when are we goingto seeyou next,then?
B: Well,
A: Oh great. Try and make it around twelve or so
and then maybewe could havelunch.
3 . A : So,are you lookingforward to the holidays,thenl
B: W efl, no actu a l l y. ... .
A: Oh well,l'll be thinkingof you while I'm lyingon
the beach.
4. A: So,are you still havingproblemsgefting onlinel
B: Well, actually,thingsare looking up.

143
 Secondconditionals
Choose the correct form. Complete these sentences by putting the verbs in
brackets into the correct form.
l. They still haven'tbeen fixing / haven'tfixed ourTV
yeL l. A: Haveyou heardlThey'regoing to knock the
2. The restaurantwas redecorated/ was being cinemadown and turn it into a car park.
redecorat€d,so we had to find somewhereelse. B: better just
irthev
3. Billshaveto pay / haveto be paid within a month, i::i':i.'1.. ,;ffl1uch
;"."";
or elsethey cut your electricityoff. 2. A: They'regoingto chargepeopleto drive into the
4. I wish they'll/ theyd do somethingabout all the city centre,arent theyl
stray dogs in the park. B: Yeah,but if you ask me, it . . . . (b") far better
rand
5. I see/ l'll be seeingBill later,so l'll ask him if he got
your e-mail. :i:i::':':(il;;;;;;['Ji[TflH1'f
6. I thought the film will be / was goingto be grear, 3. A: There'sso much litter everywhere.
but it wasn't as good as the book. B: *[T,,":;i
7. A new stadiumis beingbuilt / is goingto be built illll ,;;,Ji:["fl''"i;lln;"n"'
sometime in the next four or five years. 4. A: This bus is hardly moving!Thetraffic'sawful.
8. lf everythinggoes / went accordingto plan,we B : I know ! | thi nk i t .... (be) a real l ygood idea
should be able to move by the end of the month. if they . . . . (bring) back the trams.
9. That bridgeshould'vebeenwidened/ should've 5. I think it . . . . (be) a reallygood idea if they
been beingwidened yearsago. . . .. (not charge)peopleto get into museums.
10. l'll be back/ I'm backat universityquite soon,touch You . .. .(get) a lot more peoplegoing.
wood! 6. A: They'regoingto open another coffeeshop there.
B: Really?lt . . .. (be) far more usefulif we
. . . . (have)a decent supermarketinstead.
Multiple choice
Choose the correct alternative. Speaking
| . What would be reallygreat is if my parents ... !
Make a list of things that annoy you about your
a. will buy me a car b. boughtme a car
town/city. Tell your partner your ideas and
2. I'veappliedfor a job in Stockholm,but ... , I might suggest alternatives using the second conditional
try Denmark. structures above.
a. if that fallsthrough
b. if nothinggoes wrong
3. lf it doesn'tstop raining,I'm goingto end up ... ! Conversation
a. going mad b. to go mad
Put the jumbled conversation into the correct
4. ... is get other peopleto do her job for her!
ordea
a. All Kate ever does b. All Kate is ever doing
5. lU like to end up with my own business,but ... ,
I'll probablyhaveto work in the fami| shop.
a. So,how are thingsat work?
b. I think of nothing else,actually!I've got an
-1J
a. basically b. hopefully c. realistically appointmentwith Personneltomorrow so that -J
6. What I'd really like ... the guitar. might make a difference.
a. to do this year is learn to play
b. doingthis year is learningto play
c. Dreadful,to be honest! | feel as if I'm goingto J
end up havinga nervous breakdown!
7. ... to wait outside till he was ready.
a. He told me b. He saidme
d. How will that help? J
e. Well, l'll havethe chanceto talk about the
8. Dont ringbeforenine.
a. We'llbe having
dinner b. We'llhavedinner
problemsin my department.They might listen.
On the other hand,they might not!
J
Compare your answers with a partner and discuss
f. ls it as bad as that? Have you had any more
thoughtsabout leavingthem?
J
your choices.

1M
 R e v i e wU: n i t s1 7 - 2 0

Look back and check: Collocations

More expressionswith bother
Match the verbs l-10 to the best collocations a-j.
Look back at'More expressions with bothe/ on
page l3l. Tick any of the expressions you can l. deny a. a flat nearer where I work
temembea Ask your partner about anything you 2. see b. house
have forgotten. 3. move c. with all the complaints
4. buy d. a problem
With a partneq write eight new sentences that
5. take e. about her problemsall the time
would produce the responses a-h. Compare what
6. deal f. a bit more of my wife and kids
you have written with another paia Did you have
7. tackle g. thingsas they come
any similar ideas?
8. go on h. a casualworker his holidaypay
Now cover Exercise 6 on page l3l. your partner 9. do i. the brakes
will read out your eight new sentences. Can you 10. sl amon j. a U-turn
remember all the responses?
Now match the verbs I l-18 to the best
collocations k-r.
Expressions I l. get k. in the wash
Complete the short dialogues below with the 12. messup l. my flat
expressions in the box. All the expressions are 13. shrink m. myselflivingabroad
fiom units ll-20. 14. do up n. made redundant
15. bottl e up o. the issue
just doingwhat I'm doing | 6. see p. going to the dentist's
dont let it get you down 17. dread q. my exam
wait and see 18. avoid r. your feelings
if everythinggoes accordingto plan
Now discuss these questions with a partner.
I know what you mean
19. Haveyou ever messedup any examslWhat
happenedl
l . A : I'm gettingtired of Mr Owens complaining
20. Do you know anyonewho really bottles up their
about our departmentall the time.
feelings?
B: Look, . There's 2l'. Do you know anyonewho's alwaysgoing on about
nothingyou can do about it. Forget him!
how awful their life is?
2. A: I just can't believethat all the bankshere shut
at four! How can I get to one if I'm working!
B: Yes,.. English
It'd be far better if they were open in the
evening. Match the questions l-6 to the responses a-f.
3 . A : So,what excitingplanshaveyou got? l. So,when will you be ableto go backto work?
B: Nothing,really.To be honest,I'm quite h.ppy
2. Haveyou seen Emma'snew hairdo?
_J
3. I wish he'd stop coughing!lt's really buggingme.
-J
for the time being.
4. A: So,you're going to be in Nepal next year,then, 4. Haveyou tried talkingabout working in Wales
J
J am es l with your girlfriend? J
B: Y e s , . . . . . . .! 5. I'm sorry to bore you with my problems.
5. A: So,did you get that job you appliedfor?
6. So,what happenednextl Did they fine youl
J
B: I haven'theard yet. I'll just haveto
a. Really?
Thingslike that don't reallybother me.
J
b. That'sOK. lts good to get these thingsoffyour
Can you think of three other situations when you chesqisn't it.
might say:'Don't let it get you down'to someone? c. Yeah,five hundredpounds- and six penaltypoints
on my licenceas well!
Can you think of three other questions you coutd
d. No, not yet, but I heard she'shad it bleached
answer by saying:'l'll just have to wait and see'?
bl onde.
e. In a week or two, I think - touch wood!
f . Of course I have.I mean,that was the first thing
I actuallydid.But she just won't talk about it.
Whenever I mentionit, she changesthe subject!

145
 R e v i e wU: n i t s1 7 * 2 0

ldioms Vocabulary
Make sentences with idioms by matching the Answer these questions with a partner. Then
beginnings l- 10 to th e e n d i n g s a -i . compare your answers with another pair. Who
got most answers right?
l. That bar hasgone of the family.
2. He let the cat off my feet all week! l. lf I sendyou on a wild goosechase,what do you
3. I'm the blacksheep off your chest. come backwith?
4. lt's a vicious my mind. 2. Apart from people,what else might need a facelift?
5. I've been rushed out of the bag! 3. Are shantytowns nice placesto live or notl
6. lt's good to get things blessing. 4. What is the differencebetweenworking flexi-time,
7. ...and to top to the dogs. ful l -ti meand part-ti mel
I
8. I changed th e w h o l e th i ngoff...
5 . lf you find your bossdomineering,
does it meanyou
9. lt's a bit of a mixed of the iceberg. get on with him/heror not?
10. That'sjust the tip circle.
6. ls an optimistafraidof the future?
7. ls it only bosseswho can be bossy?
remember? 8. When would a woman get maternityleavel
9. lf women get maternity leave,what do men getl
With a partneri note down as much as you can
remember about the two texts you read in units
t0. lf you find your bossapproachable,
does it meanyou
get on with him/heror notl
18and 20.
i l . Name one other thing apart from water that an
office can be flooded with.
12. lf someoneis in chargeof all the complaints,
do they
makecomplaintsor dealwith them?
A sticky problem
13. What is the capitalof the counrryyou'restudying
in?And what'sthe capitalof AustralialBulgaria?
Chile?SouthAfrica?
14. Gi vean exampl eof a vi ci ousci rcl e.
15. Give one reasonwhy you might appealto a tribunal.
16. Where mightyou pull over?Why?
17. lf you do most of the hard work on a job, does
this meanyou havedone the rat work, the dog
work, or the donkeyworkl
18. lf I tell you that they'vebannedall on-streetparking,
w ho are' they' l
19. Can you think of two thingsyou sometimesjust
haveto put up withl
20. What's the difference between the inner city and
the city centre?

Now compare what you remember with another

pair. Who remembers more?

Which text did you enjoy more? Why?

146
 Review:
Units17-20

Ifscuss these questions with a partner.

l- Are you h"ppy with your Englishat the momentlWhy/why notl

L How much better do you think you can getl
3- How are you goingto improve your Englishafter this coursel

l|.ow read this text and underline anything you strongly agree or disagree with.

Compare what you've underlined with a partner. Are there any other ways of
improving your English in future that you can think of?

147
 *rrlt -*
Kirsty
Kirsty?She'sreallyinteresting.
She'squite sporty and
musicalas well.Sheplaysthe pianoa lot. She'sactually
quite good.She'sin her twentiesand hasgot lovely
shoulder-lengthblondehair.
Nick
You'dlil<eNick. He's reallynice.He'svery easy-going.
He's got a great senseof humour.He's only thirty-five.
He'sgot reallyshort hair - shaved,I thinl<.He'svery
interestedin photographyand arty things.
Jenny
Jennyis in her forties.She'sa reallyenergeticsort of
person- alwaysdoingthings"She'sgot a very warm
personalityand enjoyshelpingother people.Shehas
short,dark hair and darl<eyes"
Matt
Matt is still at university.
He's reallyfriendlyand is one of
the most popr.rlarpeople I know. He's very hard-working
and serious,but he'salsoa lot of fun. He'sgot fair hair
and he wearsglasses.
M e l a n i e :I cant remember"Do you take millcl
S i m o n : Please, but no sugar.Thanks.lt's weird,you
l<now,but I'vebeento your housethree times
; new,and I still haven'tmet your parents.
M e l a n i e :Yes,they're out a lot. My dad worlcs for the
BBC and my mum'sa, she does sort of temping
work for a company.You l<now,like an
advertisingagency.They're both really busy.
S i m o n : Oh, they soundreallyinteresting.
M e l a n i e :Do you thinl<so?| find my dad a bit dull,to be
honest.He works late every day,evenworl<s
sorneweel<ends, doesn'tread,doesn'tgo out.
I mean,don't get me wrong,he'squite nice,but
I don't know, I just dont haveanythingto say
to him.I think the thing is,we just dont spend
enoughtime together.
S i m o n : H o w o l d i s h e ,t h e n ?
M e l a n i e :About fifty-five,I thinl<.I can never really
rememDer.
S i m o n : Oh, yeah.
M e l a n i e :But my mum'slovely.She'sreallynice,a bit too
nicethough,sometimes, alwaystrying to look
after me. Sheworries about me leavinghome.
She'sa bit over-protective,if you know what I
m e a n I. ' m a n o n l y c h i l d s, o . . .
S i m o n : Oh, I didn't know that.
M e l a n i e :What?Youmeanyou cant tell!
148
Simon: I don't l<now.I've neverthought about it,
I suppose.
Melanie: So,what about you? Haveyou got any brothers
or sistersyourself?
Simon: Yes,I've got one of each,actually.
Melanie: Oh right.Older or younger?
Simon: My sister'stwo or three yearsyoungerthan
me, but my brother'squite a lot older.He's
about forty now
Melanie: Do you get on with them all right?Youhavent
reallytalkedabout them very much.
Simon: Well, my brother,not that well,actually. He's
differentfrom me, a bit old-fashioned, a bit
traditional.Well, actually,he'sa bit, how can I
put it, right-wing.You l<now- things aren't
what they usedto be,more police,death
penalty- that lcindof thing.He's a bit of a fool,
actually.
Melanie: Oh, well,it tal<esall sorts,I suppose.
Simon: But my sister,she'sgreat.We get on really
well.We'vegot the samekind of senseof
humour"
Melanie: Justa pity about the brother from hell,eh?
Simon: Yes.Oh, but he'snot that bad.We get on all
right,as long as you steer clearof certain
topics.Anyway,youwere tellingme about your
Parents.
Melanie: Oh, there'snot much to tell,actually.
.;i:{ J
f i
,4: Can you give me a lift home?
B: I'm sorry,I'm afraidI can't.I lost my licencelast
weel<* had a bit too much to drink and got
stoppedby the police!
r\r Do you thinl<| could get that camerabackoff you
sometimesoon?
B: I don't know how to put this,but i thinl<| lost it
last nightwhile I was out. I'rn reallysorry,but I've
searchedeverywhereand I can'tfind it. l'll get you
anotherone. I'm extremelysorry.
3 . A: Haveyou heard from Jan recently?
E: Well, actually,I haven't- not for abor-ltsix months
- we had a bit of an argumentlast year.
Al ls your grandfatherany better?
B: I'm afraidnot.We'revery worried about him.But
then,he is ninety.
5. ,\; So,has Peter had his resultsyet?
E: Well,yes,I'm afraidhe has.He didn't pass- so he's
got to re-sit part of his examsin July.
"A:Are you feelingall right,Stevel
B: Well, actually,
no. I'vejust had some very bad news.

7. A: Hello,how are you?
B: Oh, fine thanks.Well, actually, I think I'm gettingthe
flu, so I'd stay awayif I were you.
A: I thought you had a dog.
B: We did. But unfortunately,it ran out into the street
and was run over.I'm afraidwe had to haveit out
down.
i.Jr;irr
S Dan:
Not as often as I used to (page2t)
Interview with June, the bus driver.
l. A; How often do you work in the evenings?
B: Not all that often, actually,just when I haveto.
Some people lil<ethe extra money,but I prefer to
be at home with my kids.
2. A: How often do you get up early on Saturdays?
B: Oh, all the time! My boys playfootballevery
Saturdaymorning,so I've got to be up by eight.
3. A: How often do you see your parents?
B: Well,they live in Wales,so,not as often as ld like
to. I supposeI see mum and dad two or three
times a year.
4. A: How often do you haveyour hair done?
B: Oh, about everyfortnight.lt dependsreally.lf I'm
goingout somewhere,I might haveit done
specially.
5. A: How often do you seeyour best friend?
B: Whenever I can.She livesquite near me, but shet
a nurse,so she'sgot to worl< at weekendsquite a
lot.
6. A: How often do you go awayfor the weekend?
B: Oh, only a coupleof times a year.lt's difficultwhen
you'vegot children.
7. A.; How often do you go to the cinema?
B: Oh, hardlyever.I usuallywait till films come out
on video and then get them for an evening.
8. A: How often do you go clubbing?
B: Nlot as often as I used to. Before I got married,
I usedto go out every weekend.
Dan: So what do you feel like doingtonight?Any
ideasl
Helena: Well, I'd quite like ro see a film,or, I dont know,
see if there'sanygood bandsaround,if you're
into bands.
Dan: Yes,that's an idea.What lcindof music do you
lil<e,
then?
Helena: Oh, all sorts,really,you know,a lot of pop ano
I quite like bluesand iazz andthingslil<ethat.
Dan: Oh, really?I'm more into dancemusicmyself,
s o m a y b e. . .
Tapescripl
H e l e n a :Well, if you'd rather,we could alwaysgo and
see a film.I lilcereallyscarythings.
Dan: What?You mean like Halloween?
Helena: Yes,that kind of thing,and I also quite like
action movies,you l<now,car chases,guns,
bombs,anythingthat's fast and exciting.
Dan: Oh, right. To be honest with you, I'm not really
that keenon violentfilms.
H e l e n a :You'rekidding!And I thoughtrhis was goingto
be the perfectrelationship!
So did l! But it doesn'tsound like we'vegot all
that much in common,really,does it?
Helena: Oh come on, there must be somethingwe can
do!
Dan: Let me think. Well, I supposewe could always
go clubbing.
Helena: What? Somewherelike Paradox?
Dan: ls that the new placethat'sjust opened?
Helena: Yes,just lastweek.Right,so how about going
clubbing, then?
Dan: OK. Why not? Do you go much yourself?
Helena: No, not all that often,actually.A coupleof
t i m e s a y e a rl ,g u e s s .
Dan: Oh, me too now but I usedto go a lot more
when I was younger- almost every weekend.
The thing was,though,it iust got to me after a
while,stayingout dancintall nightand then
havingto go to work first thing in the morning.
I'm getting a bit too old for it now.
Helena: Oh, well,that'sthat off the menu,then! So,what
shallwe do then?
Dan: I don't know.Couldn'twe iust get a video,and a
curry,and havea nice quiet eveningin in front
of the telly?
Helena: Oh, you'vegot to be joking!We're not in our
gravesyet. I mean,that's the kind of thing my
parentsare probablydoing right now! Look,
it's not what ld normallydo on a Monday
night,but let'sgive clubbinga go! lt might be
a laugh.
Not really keen (page23)
A: I love nearlyall winter sports.
B: Really?I'm not reallyvery keen on them, myself.
I once broke my leg skiingand it put me off - for
life!
2. A: Going out with a crowd of friendsand having
fun, that's what I really like doing.
B: Do you?lt's not reallymy kind of thing,I'm afraid.
I prefer to go out with just one or maybetwo
pebple.I hate crowds.
3 . A: I'm reallyinterestedin politics.
B: Oh, it's not reallymy l<indof thing,I'm afraic.
I dont reallyunderstandwhat makesall the
partiesdifferent.They all seemthe sameto me!
4. A: I'm reallyinto older music,you know,before 1967.
B: Are you?I'm not reallythat l<eenon anythint
before | 980.
149
 5. A: My favouritelcindof thingsare comicsand
cartoons.
B: I don't reallylike thingslike that myself.I don't see
the point of them. I prefer a good novel- the
longerthe better!
6. ,4r I'm reallyinto roller-blading.lt's a bit lilce
roller-sl<ating.
B: Are you? lt's not really my lcindof thing. I'm always
worried I mightget hurt.
-J..- - .".
Wh* did wrhat?{pase36}
Speaker l: lt was total chaos.We had all our things
lyingaroundall over the place,makingit impossibleto
get in or out of the house.lt tool< forever to get
everythingall boxed up and into the van. We had to
makefive trips just to shift everything- and then there
was the unpacking! What a nightmare!
Speaker 2: lt was a realweight off my shoulders.Things
had been bad for a while and I'd iust got to the point
where I just couldn'tstandit any more. Everydaythere
was hell,but then once I'd handedin my notice,I felt free
again,and the future suddenlylooked a lot brighter.
Speaker 3: I had my lastone and stubbedit out, and
then I felt reallypleasedwith myself,but a coupleof
hours later the cravingreallystartedand I found myself
absolutelydyingfor one. I was so tempted duringthe
lunchbreal<, but I managedto get throughthe whole day
without one,and after that it was plainsailing.
I rtl BecauseI left the planeticlcetson it!
I Fcr4r a day! {pase4CI}
Phil: Justtime for a quicl<smoke.Oh sorry,do you
want one?
Jason: No, thanks.I gaveup years ago.
Phil: Good for youl I'vegivenup eventrying to give
uP!
Jason: Yeah,it! a nightmare,isn't it?
Phil: Tell ryreabout it! | don't know how you managed
it.
J a s o n : Well, it's funny,but it was my job that did it.
I mean,l'd beensmoN<ing for years,and you
lcnowit's destroyingyour lungs,don't you,and
I knew I wouldn't be ableto becomea fireman
if I didn't give up.
Phit: So,what's becominga firemangot to do with it?
ls it the fire risl<or something?
Jason: No, it's just that I knew l'd haveto passa
physicalto get in,and I wouldn't be ableto do
that if I was smol<ingforty a day.
Phit: Forty a day!Justas well you tave up! So,how
eome you decidedto become a fireman anywayl
Jason: Mm, I'd haveto thinl<about that. I supposeit all
goesbackto when I got out of college.I wanted
to do somethingexcitingand different,you
know,and a friend of my dad'swas in the local
fire brigade.
1sCI
Phil: Oh, right.So,he helpedyou, did hel
Jason: Yes,he helpedme get the iob. I mean,I knew
I didn't want to speridmy life sittingin an office
pushingbits of paperround a deskor stucl<in
front of a computerscreen!
Phil: Yeah,I know exactlywhat you mean.I'm half-
blind already!So,whydid you decideto move
to London,then?Was it for work or becauseof
a relationshipor what?
Jason: Well, it was mainlyworl<,but also becauseI
was just realiyfed up with where I was livingat
the time.
Phil: lt was down in Crawley,wasn't it? lt's pretty
quiet down there,isn't itl
Jason: Quiet?Yeah, it's dead.There'sabsolutelynothing
to do there.
Phil: So,was it the right deeision, then?
Jason: What? Becominga fireman?
Phil: No, no, movingto London,I mean.
Jason: Oh yeah,definitely. I love it. I don't think I could
live anywhereelse now.
Phil: No, it's the samefor me. lt gets you after a
while,doesnt it? lt's like a drug.
Jmkes{page4t}
l. l\: How come you drive with your bral<eson?
B: I want to be ready in casethere's an accident!
2. fo.:How come you were born in New Zealand?
B: I wantedto be near my mum!
3. A; I wish I'd broughtthe pianowith me.
E; How come?
4. ,$,;When I was a kid, I ran awayfrom home. lt took
them six monthsto find me.
B: Six months!How come it tool<them so long?
Ar They didn't look!
*r:,i'i S
Fiyingjoke {paEe
aai
Alfred had never flown before and was extremely
nervous.He was flyingacrossthe Atlanticto visit his
sister,who had emigratedto Canada.When he got on
the planehe found he was sittingin a window seat.After
a few minutes,the personnext to him arrived- an
enormouslyfat American.Not long after the planetook
off,the Americanfell asleepand beganto snore loudly.lt
was obvious to Alfred there was no way he could get
out, even to get to the toilet, without wal<ingthe man up.
After the in-flightmeal had beenserved,theplane
enteredan areaof severeturbulence.The American
continuedto snore.Alfred,however.startedto feel sick.
He was desperateto tet to the toilet. Finally,
he was sick
- all over the man'strousers.The Americandidn't walce
up,but he just continuedto snore.Alfred didn't know
what to do.
As the planetoucheddown,the Americanfinallywol<e
up and saw his trousers.Alfred turned to him and said.
'Are
you feelingbetter now?'

l. r\: lt must'vebeen reallyhot in Greece.
B: Hot? lt was boiling!That'swhy we made sure the
hotel had air-conditioning.
2. ,41Oh, you're from 56o Paulooriginally,are you?
It's a pretty big city,rightl
B: Big?lt's enormous!That'swhy I moved to a small
town out in the country.
3. A; How'syour flat?lt must be a bit cold with all this
snow we're having.
B: Cold? lt's freezing!That'swhy I've decidedto have
centralheatingput in.
4. /\; lt's pretty quiet down in Devon,isnt it?
B: Quiet? lt's dead!That'swhy I decidedto move to
the city!
5. A; You must'vebeen pretty surprisedwhen you read
the report in the papers.
B: Surprised?| was shocked!That'swhy I contacted
my solicitor straightaway.
5. A; lt's a bit smallin here,isnt it?
B: Small?lt's tiny!You can hardlyswinga cat in here!
7. A: So,is he good-looking,
then,your new boyfriend?
B: Good-looking?
He'sgorgeous!You'll
die when you
s e eh i m !
8. A; lt must'vebeen a bit scary,going so high up like
that.
B: Scary?lt was terrifying!There's no way you'll catch
me doingthat again!
*r,ix d
(page48)
Flanningexpress;CIns
Gavin: Well,tonighti guessl'lf probablyjust stayin and
havea quiet night in front of the telly.I'm a bit too tired
to do anything.really.Then on Saturdaymorning,I'm
going to try to get up really early and go off and play
footballwith some matesof mine in the park,which
should be fun. Then Saturdayafternoon,unfortunately,
I'vegot to do some thingsaroundthe house,becausethe
place is a tip at the moment. Then,Saturdaynight,I've
got a big night becausea friend's havinga party at her
placeand Karen'sgoingto be there. And Sunday
morningI imaginel'll needto havea lie-injust to
recover,really,and then in the afternoon,I've got a friend
comingover.And then,finally,Sundaynight,I guessl'll
probablyjust stay in and havean early night.
Thank gsodnessitk Friday!{page50}
Steve: Thank goodnessitt Friday!This week's been
dratging on forever.
Ken: Tell me about it! So,what are you up to this
weekend?
Steve: Oh, nothingspecial,really.This evening,I'm just
going out for dinner with my parents.
Ken: Oh, that shouldbe nice.
Tapescr'ipt
Steve: Yes,we're going to this little Frenchplace near
where I live. The food's great there, and then
tomorrow I've got to get up really early - at
leastfor me! - and do some cooking,because
I'vegot some peoplecomingover in the
afternoon. And l'll havero give the placea
reallygood cleanas well. And, I'm not sure,but
I think we'll probablybe goingout after rhat -
to see a film or somethint.We havent really
plannedanything.What about yourself?
Ken: Well,tonight I'm supposedto be goingout with
some peoplefrom my old job, but I don't really
feel like it any more. I'm feelingreallytired.
Steve: So,you're just going to stay in, then?
Ken: Yes,becausetomorrow night I've got a big night.
I'm goingto my friends Pete and Rachel'sparty.
It's on a boat.
Steve: Oh, that soundsgreat. Whereaboutsl
Ken: Down by the river. You know, in the docks.
Steve: Oh yes,I know where you mean.I went to a
party there myselfa while ago.
Ken: Right.lsit OK down there?
Steve: Yes,it's great,but it's not all that big. There's not
that much room on the ooat.
Ken: Mm, soundscosy!
Steve: Oh, yes,you can get really close to people! Lots
of sweaty bodies!
Ken: I dont think it's going to be that sort of party!
Steve: Well, you never know. lf you're lucky,it might
becomeone! No, I'm only joking,it's actually
a great placefor a party.
Ken: Good. I'm reallylookingforward ro it. But then
on Sunday,unfortunately,I've got to do some
thingsfor work.
Steve: No rest for the wicked!Well, listen,I mlght give
you a ring on Sunday, then,just to hear all about
your quiet nightout down on the river!
*v,l'x&i
l-ifestyie{page64}
l. I hategoingthere,but I'd run out of thingsto wear
and,to be honest,some of my clothes were a bit -
well, you know,so I thought I'd better havesome
cleanshirts before work on Monday.
2. ltt not somethingI normallydo but I just felt like a
bit of freshair and it was a nice summer'sevening
and quite a few shopswere open so,yes,it was really
ntce.
3 . Not.much really.I was quite tired when I got in from
work, so I iust got myselfsomethingto eat and then
wrote a couple of letters,read a bit, watched a bit of
TV and before I knew it, it was nearly midnight.
Sorry I couldn'tring you last night,butWednesdays
are my eveningsfor Art History.lt's somethingI've
alwaysbeen interested in, so I thought I'd try this ten-
week coursethat the university's runningthis
autumn.
'!51
 Tapescript
Lucy: Hey,Rose,there's a letter for you.
Rose: Thanks.You must'vegot in late last night.I didn't
evenhearyou come in - and I went to bed after
one.
Lucy: I did,actually, yes.I went and met some old
friends from collegethat I hadn't seenfor ages.
Rose: Oh, did youlThat must'vebeennice.
Lucy: Yes,we had a drink and a chat and caughtup
with all the gossip.You know what it's like.
Rose: U h - h u h .
Lucy: Then we had somethingto eat and then another
drink and then we endedup goingon to this
awful disco in town.
Rose: Oh, did you?Which one?Not Stardust.No,
surelynot Stardust?
Lucy: I'm afraidit was,actually- and it was really
terrible,just full of lcidsand the musicwas so
loud I could hardlyhear myselfthinl<.lt was like
beingbackat schoolall over again.Kids of
fourteen actingas if they were eighteen!
Rose: I could'vetold you that!
Lucy: This boy came up to me - you know, bottle of
beer in his hand,actingall macho,and askedme
to dance!| bet he hadn'tevenstartedshaving!
Rose: And did you?
Lucy: What? Dancewith him?Of courseI did!Then I
told him I was thirty-five!
Rose: You'reso cruel.
Lucy: Well, I just figuredit was better he found out
sooner rather than later that I was old enoughto
be his n-rum!
Rose: I thoughtyou were supposedto be there talking
to old friends.
Lucy: I was,but there was so much noise,you couldn't
reallyhavea proper conversation. And then to
top it all,I missedthe lasttrain home and had to
get a cab and didn'tget in untii three!
Rose: Didn't you?Youmust be feelingexhaustedthis
morning,then.
Lucy: Yeah,I could do with anotherhour or two in
bed,that's for sure. ,Anyway, what about you?
How was your night?
Rose: Oh, it was OK. I just did a bit of shoppingon my
way home,cool<edmyselfsome ramen noodles.
Lucy: Cooked yourselfsome what?
Rose: Ramennoodles,you know,just Japanese noodles.
Lucy: Oh, OK.
Rose: They'rereallyquick and easy,and then I just did a
bit of tidying-up, you l<now,nothingamazingor
anything,read for a bit, watched a bit of telly -
some film * you know the kind of thing that'son
late on Channel4. Actually,I was so tired, I fell
asleeoin the middleof itl
Lucy: Oh, dont! You'remakingme feel evenmore
exhausted!
Linking ldeas(pase6e)
l. lt was so cold,my handsfelt like they were going to
fall off.
152
2. I was so exhausted,I just went straightto bed as
soon as I got in.
3. I was so hungry,I could'vecarriedon eatingall night!
4. lt was so hot, I could hardlybreathe.
5. His conversationwas so dull,I could hardlystop
myselffrom yawning.
6. I was so angry,I could'vel<illedhim!
7. I was so worried,I rangthe police.
8. The film was so bad,I wall<edout halfwaythrough.
'; ";
-,': ; I
Cathy: So,we've got to take this one and then change
at CannonStreet,right?
Diane: Yes,that's ir. Hey,did I tell you about what
happenedwith me and my dad on the
undergroundlastyear?
Cathy: No, go on, what?
Diane: Weil, about a year and a halfago,I decidedto
get all my hair cut off, right?I alwaysused ro
havereally,reallylong hair - ever sinceI was
about fourteen or fifteen,you know - way down
pastmy shoulders- parted in the middlelilce
curtains.So,anyway,about a week after I had it
all cut off, you know - really short - and I looked
ouite different.
Cathy: Yeah,I bet.
Diane: So,anyway, I was goinghome on the tube,and
I was halfasleepbecauseit was five or six
o'clocl<and I was just standingthere,mindingmy
own business - and little did I know that my dad
was actuallycomingbacl<from a business trip
abroad,passingthrough Londonon the
undergroundto get his train bacl<to Durham.
And guesswhat?He got into the samecarriage
as me!The doors closedbehindhim.So there I
am, standingthere face-to-facewith my own
father! | don't recognisehim at first,but then I
think,'Ah,that'smy dad,'and,of course,he's
obviouslyonly seenme with reallylong hair for
the lastten years,and so l'm standingthere,
staringat him and he l<eepson glancingat me
nervously, thinking,'Who'sthis lunaticstaring
at me?'and I'm thinking- you know,it's the
strangestfeelingnot beingrecognisedby your
own dad - so I just stood there thinlcing,'Well,
shall I just get off at the next stop without
tellinghim,or shalli risk givinghim a nervous
breakdownand a heart attacl<by saying,'Hello
dad'l But,anyway, eventuallyI went,'Hello
dad' and he went,'Diane!'and then saidnow
he was tetting reallyworried becausehe
thought I was a pick-pocketor a drug addictor
somethingwho'd beengettingreadyto pinch
his wallet or something- and,um,yeah,that
was a pretty strangeand funny thing.
Cathy: Yeah,reollystrange.

Story-tellingexpressions(page78)
A,: Did I tell you about what happenedto me in France
last year?
B: No, I dont think you did.Go on.
l{: Well, I was on holidaywith my parentsin this little
villagenear the sea,and we ran out of money.
B: Really? That'sawful.
A: Yes,so we went into town to find a cashmachine-
which we did,no trouble.Anyway,when we put
the card in the machine,it iust startedspittingout
loadsand loadsof money.
B: You'rejoking!So did you keep it?
A; Of coursewe did!Wouldn'tyou?
*,r:i"l i X
Sharon: Barry! Hi, how are you?| haventseenyou for
ases.
Barry: Hello,Sharon.Longtime, no see.
Sharon: I l<now.So how're you doing?
Barry: I'm all right,thanks.And you?
Sharon: Yeah,not too bad.So,what've you been up to
sinceI lastsaw you?
Barry: Not a lot - working mostly- I've beenworking
really long hours this week,getting reallyfed up
with it, you l<now
Sharon: Really?
Barry: Yeah,but I went down to Kent last weekend,
for my grandma'sbirthday party.
Sharon:Oh, how old was she?
Barry: Eighty-five.lt was reallygreat. We went for this
lovelymealand then we went for a walk along
the beach.lt was good ro get out of the city.
Sharon: I bet. I l<eepmeaningto havea weekend away
myself.
Barry: I know. You get to the point where you really
need it, don't you? lf you don't get out of
London from time to time, it starts driving you
crazy,you l<now.Anyway,what about you?
What've you been up tol
Sharon:Well,on SundaymorningI went and sawthat
exhibition at the RoyalAcademy.
Barry: Oh yes,the one there'sbeenall that fussabout
- deadsheepand picturesof toilet rolls and
things.
Sharon: Yeah,my friend Angela- she'sat art school -
she kept naggingme to go and see it, so I went.
Barry: And what did you think of it?Was it any good?
Sharon: Oh, I actuallythought it was excellent,really
good and challenging. There'sonly one thing
that madeyou go'yuk!'- the deadsheep.
I think it! meantto shockyou,though.
Anyway,after that, I popped round and saw a
friend of mine,Richard,for a bit and then we
went uD to Camden market to do a bit of
shopping.
Barry: Oh yeah,it's nice up there on a Sunday, isn't
it?
Taoescriot
Sharon:Yeah,it's great. And then I spent the eveningat
my mum's,which was nice.
Barry: Oh, that soundsgood.
Sharon:Yeah,and apart from that, I've been doing
thingsfor college,really.
Barry: Uh-huh,still beinga good student,then.
Oh look, there's my bus into town. I'd best be off.
l'll see you soon,then.Bye.
Sharon:Yeah,OK, bye.
I sometimeswish ld known my grandfatheron my
mum'sside.He was supposedto havebeena really
interestingguy.
2. I wish I hadnt eatenso much earlier.I feel reallysick!
3 . I often wish I had travelledmore when I was young6r.
I iust don't havethe time to do it now.
I reallywish I had gone to see the doctor about it
earlier.lt wouldn't havegot so bad if I had.
I sometimeswish I hadn'twastedso much time wnen
I was at university.
I wouldnt be working here if I'd
got a better degree.
I wish I hadnt spent so much moneywhile I was on
holiday.I wouldn't be so badlyin debt if I hadn't.
7. I wish I'd met her earlier.I wouldn't havehad to
spend so manyyears of my life on my own!
8. I reallywish I hadn'tlost my addressbool<.I'm going
to losetouch with loadsof peoplenow
*s;i'*- * * :
Recommending {page99)
Conversation I
A: I went and saw an exhibitionat the HaywardGallery
earlierin the week.
B: Oh, did you? What was it?
A: lt was a collectionof photosfrom the first lunar
landing.
B: Oh, really?lt soundsquire interesting.What was it
like?
A.; Quite good, actually,thephotos were reallygreat,
quite amazing- some of them.
B: So,you'drecommendit,thenl
S,: Yes,you should go and see it.
Conversation 2
y'\: I went and saw that new exhibition at the National
Gallerythe other day.
B: Oh, did you?Which one'sthat again?
A: Oh, it was this collectionof Flemishpaintingsfrom
the seventeenthcentury.
B: Oh really?Whatwas it like?
A; Well, I didnt think much of it myself.lt was all a bit
dull,you l..now
B: So,you wouldn't recommendit, then?
A: No, I'd give it a miss,if I were you - unlessyou really
lil<ethat sort of thing,of course.
153
 Tapescripl
Reeclrfr
mxendFr"rg
expresslons{page99i
l. lt's OK if you're into that sort of thing.
2. lt's a must.
3. I reallyrecommendit.
4. I'd give it a missif I were you.
5. lt's well worth a visit.
5. lt's not worth the entrancefee.
7. lt's not really my cup of tea.
#h, that remind$rncF(page1s2)
t . "4,;I visitedAlan in hospitallast Fridayto see how he
was gettrngon.
B: Oh, did you?| l<eepmeaningto go and see him
myself.How was he?
2. A,:I spentall day Sundaycatchingup on all my mail.
B: Oh, that remindsme. I must sendin my passport
application.
3 . A,: I went and saw that musical,Chicogo,last
week.
B: Oh, I've been meaningto go and see that for ages.
Was it as good as everybodysays?
4. l\l I went round to Mike and Sue'sthe other dayto
seethat new car they'vebeentellingeveryone
aDout.
B: Oh, that remindsme. I must givethem a call.
I havent spokento them for ages.
5 . /-h.rI went down to Bristol for the weekenda couDte
of weel<sago.
B: Oh, really.I'vebeenthinl<ing
about havinga
weekend awaymyself.Were you campingor what?
6. lc: I just stayedin last night and watchedTV. There'sa
greatthing on on Fridaysat the moment about
Antarctica.
B: Oh,that remindsme. I must record that new thing
on ChannelFour tonight.lt's meantto be really
funny.
.-'," I I they'dspenton it, I just couldn'tbelieveit, but it
5o what rruas like? {pagef 0a}
Conversation I
,&: Mm,this fish is reallynice.What's yours like?
B: Well, I'm beginningto wish I'd had the sameas
you.I usuallylove chicl<en,but,to be honest,this is
a bit bland.The waiter saidit was in a delicious
mushroomsauce,but it doesnt taste of anything.
Conversation 2
.&: So,is the wine all right?
B: Mm,yeah,it's all right,but it's nothint special.
,A^rI seewhat you mean.f l5 for this! lt reallyis very
ordinary.
B: Yes,it's a bit disappointing,
to saythe least.Shall
we sendit bacl<l
A; No, I cant be bothered.lt's not that bad.
154
Conversation 3
.s': Didn't you go to see Mocbethlast week?
B: Yeah,it was brilliant.I've beento it a few times
before,but I think this was the best productionI've
ever seen.
,*",;Yeah,someone I worl< with went and said it was
wonderful.I wish I'd beenableto get a ticl<et.
Asking linked Errestiems
{page105}
t . A; What's his houselil<e?ls it big?
B: Yes,it's huge.lt's got four bedrooms and an
enormousgarden.
2. ,4,:What was that book like?Wasit interesting?
B: No, it wasnt, actually.lt was really boring.In fact,
I didn't evenfinishreadingit.
3 . /4: What's your new job lil<e?Are you enjoyingit?
B: Yes,very much.My bossis reallynice and it's
quite well paid,really.
4. A.rWhat wasTunisialikelWas it warm?
B: Yes,it wos quite warm, but not as hot as the last
time we went.
5 . ,4: What's this CD like?ls it any good?
B: Yes,I think it's treat. The third track is brilliant.
6. l.\: How was the match?Did you win?
E: No, we lost three - one.lt was just terrible.I cant
believeit.
Nct exaetlyS$rakespeare
{paget11i
Paul: Guesswhat I went and saw last night - Titonic
- it's on againthis week at the Duke of York's.
Mick Oh, yeah.I saw that when it first cameout.
What did you thinl<of it? Did you lil<eit?
Paul: Oh, it was great.I reallyenjoyedit. I thoughtthe
specialeffectswere amazing,and the actingwas
brilliant.lt's one of those filmswhere,you know,
when I first heardabout how much money
was reallygreat.lt was a bit like one of those old
disastermovies,you know, like lowering
lnfernoor Earthquoke, oniy better.
Mick Really?I'm surprised.I thoughtthe actingwas a
bit wooden myself,and the dialoguewas just
awful.I can't believeyou actuallythought it was
worth the moneytheyd spent on it. I mean,
didn't you find the whole thing just a little bit
over-the-toP?
Paul: Oh, no. l.{ot at all.I thought it was brilliant.
Miclc But the actingwas horrendous!
Paul: Well, I know it's not exactly Shakespeare, but it's
not meantto be, is it? l'll tell you something
weird though,there was this guy sittingnext to
us who snoredall the way throughthe film!
Mick ReallylThatmust'vebeen reallyannoying. How
could anybodyactuallysleepthroughall that
noise!

Paul: I dont know - just deadtired, I suppose.
Mick Yeah,I guessso,but really,though,didnt you
think it was all iust a bit roo sentimental?
Paul: I know what you mean,but I honestlydidn't.I
reallythought it was all done just right.lt was
so romantic.
Mick Oh well,eachto his own. Haveyou seenBomb
Alert2 yett
Paul: No, I haven'teven heard of it.Who's in it?
Mick Um,Jean-Paul van Klam,he'sgreat in it and,
um, that woman from Kamikqze,you know
who I mean.RememberlShewasTurtle-woman
too, althoughI must admit she wasnt very good
in that.
Paul: Oh, her.So what'sit like?Any good?
Mick Yeah,it's great - if you like blood all over the
placeand that sort of thing.
Paul: Oh, it doesnt reallysound like my sort of thing,
actually.I think l'll give it a miss.
'j
*:,:': *
l. Sorry,my mind'sgone completelyblank.
2. Wait, it'll come to me in a minute.
3. Wait, it's on the tip of my tongue.
4. Sorry,I cant remember off the top of my head.
*s,i.': 3
.j
MloresleepinEpolicemen!{page121)
Chris: Did you hear about that l<idwho was knocked
down on JunctionRoadthe other day?
Claire: Yes,it was awful,wasntit? Still,it's hardly
,' surprising,
is it?
Chris: What do you mean?
Claire: Well,there are alwaysaccidentsdown there,
aren'tthere,especially with the speedcarsgo
at. And, well,basically,the crossing'sin the
wrong place,isn't itl I don't know why they've
never moved it. I mean,it'd be better if it was
exactlyoppositethe shops,wouldn't it?
Chris: Yes,I know what you mean.They could do
somethingto slow the trafficdown,couldn't
they?Maybethey could put sleepingpolicemen
there or somethinglil<ethat.
Claire: Yeah,maybe- maybeone every so often would
help,but what would be reallygreat is if they
had one of those soeedcameras.
Chris: Big Brother,you mean!
Claire: No, they reallymal<ea difference.You should
see how they've slowed the traffic down where
my parents live.
Chris: Yeah,I supposeyou're right"I'm only against
them becauseI got caughtby one last month.
Claire: You'rekidding!
Tapescripl
Chris: No. A hundredand fifty poundsit cost me! A
fine ond six penaltypoints!
Claire: Oh. that'sterrible!
Chris: Yeah,but it was my own sillyfault.I mean,I
should'vel<nownbetter,but going bacl<to what
you were sayingabout the crossing,you're
right. lt would be far safer if it was closer to the
shops,becausethat's where everybodycrosses,
you l<now That'swhere most kids cross,so it'd
be more sensibleif it was moveddown.
Claire: Yes,I think that'sthe root of the problem.
I mean,it does seema funny placefor a crossing.
And I would'vesaidthe other problemwith ir
is the fact that lots of cars park all round there.
Chris: Yes,that does makeit difficultto see,I suppose.
r-i' Apparently,the car that hit that kid had just
driven off from there.
Claire: Oh, really?Had it?Well,you seewhat I mean,
then.
Disagreeing
Well, I agreeup to a point, but (it'snot os simp/eos
you think.)
Yes,I know what you mean,but (it's time we did
somethingobout it.)
c . Yes,but dont you think that (we shouldwait till later?)
c . Yes,but dont forget that (everythingcostsmoney)
Lir.:i-:.i*
Complainingabout things ( paget2e)
Complaining about a meal
How was the meal last night?
Joan:
Mike: Oh, it was awful!Thefood wasn'tvery good.
It would'vebeen OK if that was the only
problem,but the waiterswere reallyrude as
well. And then,to top the whole thing off,they
tried to overchargeus. Then when we
complainedabout it, they made it soundas if it
was our fault!
Complaining about a situation
Terry: How's collegegoing?
Julie: Not very well,actually. I'vegot a bit of a
problemwith my timetablethis term. I mean,
the lastthing I need is three lectureson a
Friday.I wish they wouldn't changethe
timetable every term. Last term was much
better.
l. A: Doesn'tit bug you the way shopsalwayscharge
f9.99 when you l<nowir's really{ l0?
B: I must admit,thingslikethat don't reallybother
me.
2. A: Look, I'm really sorry. There's no way I can come
to your party tomorrow night.I've got to work
late.
155
 pt
Taoescri
B: Oh, well,don't worry. lt's not the end of the
world.
3. A: I reallythought I'd got the job. I mean,my
interviewwent reallywell,and then they tell me
I'm not evenshort-listed!
B: Oh. well.Don't let it get you down.
4. A: I'vegot about five billsI'm supposedto pay by the
end of the month. What do they think I am?
Madeof money?
B: Oh well,there'snothingyou can do about it.
j
- - i. ,f
*1".{ "*
N o w y o u ' r e ta l ki n g ! (p a g e 't3 3 )
Rachel: So,haveyou had any more thoughtsabout
what you're going to do next year,then?
Niclc Mm. I don't l<now,really.I mean,I was thinking
that it might be a good ideato do that art
course I was tellingyou about,but it all depends
on my resutts.
Rachel: So what about France?Werentyou talking
about goingto Parisa while back?
Nick Oh, for that Frenchcourse?Well, I would still
like to do it, but I just dont know if I can
afford it.
Rachel: Oh, I know what you mean.Money'salwaysa
problem,isnt it? | mean,what I'd reallylil<eto
do next year is learnto drive and buy a car,but
I'm not sure if l'll havethe cash.The thing is,
I'm just so sicl<of havingto get buses
everyvvnere.
Nick Dreadful,aren'tthey?You wait halfan hour
and then three come alongat the sametime.
So,you're basicallyjust going to be staying
around here,just trying to saveup some
money,then?
Rachel: Yes,I supposeso.lt depends,really.I mean,if I
can find a good job,then l'll stick around,but
otherwisewhat I was thinl<ingof doing
eventuallyis goingbacl<to Glasgow
Nick Oh right,becauseyou grew up there,didn't
you?
Rachel: Yes,that'sright,yes,so I supposeI do see
myselfendingup there eventually.
Nick Yeah.
Rachel: So,assurning
you do this art course,what do
you seeyourselfdoingafter that,in the long
term?
Nick Oh, I don't l<now.No idea really.I haven't
thoughtthat far ahead.l'll just take it as it
comesand see what happens.
155
Rachel: Just listento us,Nick!We just soundso boring!
Why don't we go off somewheretogether this
summer,you know,maybe- | don't know -
work abroadfor six monthsl
Nick What?Youmeanpicl<ing grapesin France?
That kind of thing?
Rachel: Yeah,or, I don't know - working in a hotel in
S p a i no,r . . .
Nick Or goingto Australia.lf the Aussiescan work
over here,why can'twe go and get a job over
there?
Rachel: Yeah,l'd love to do that. Where'sthe paper?
What's the cheapestflight to Sydney?
Nick Now you'retallcing!
'*ir:1d;
-. i *
First job
.4: So,what exactlydoesyour job involvethen?
B: Well, basically,I prepareall the prescriptionsand
keepa checl<on all the drugswe havein stock.I also
giveadviceto peoplewho come in with minor
problems.You l<nowthe sort of thing - what
cream to use for a rash,what to tal<efor an upset
tummy - that sort of thing.Sometimes, I'm just like
a shop assistant, sellingthingsover the counter;
other times I feel lil<eI'm a doctor.
Second job
A: So,how long haveyou been doingthis,thenl
B: All my life- sinceI left school.I worked with my
father,and now I've got my son working with me.
I reallyenjoyworking with wood. I love takinga
pieceof wood and turning it into somethinguseful.
I learnedeverythingI know from watchingmy
father and the older men at work. Now, itt great
passingon my skillsto youngerguys.
Third job
A,: So,do you enjoy doingwhat you'redoing?
B: Yeah,well, I mean,somebody'sgot to do it, haven't
they?Justthinl<,if nobodydid it, what would the
placebe like?| mean,when I was a boy,if you
droppedsomething,thepolicewould be after you,
but these dayspeopledon't care.They just drop
everything- coke cans,cigarettepackets,
newspapers, everything, you nameit, I've pickedit
up.Mind you, I'vefound the odd f20 note. I'd never
worl< indoors.I just couldn'tstandit.
N*xg*fum$x* : ,ac*,**s*$g
*g*# meol is a heovymeal.You cannot translate/ightinto your
own languageuntil you know what word is usedwith it.
'xxp,*$*x*'*$*r;,s That is why collocationis so important.lf you write
collocationsin your notebool<, mal<esure you translate
You alreadyknow a lot of Englishgrammar,and you the collocationas a single chunk.
probablykeepa vocabularynotebool<, so it is easyto
think that the two best ways to improve your Englishare
.n'
to improveyour grammarand learn new words.But
there is anotherthing you can do which is evenmore
*flS.t:;'it*i. l"n'f;,rtfi
helpful,especiallynow you alreadyknow quite a lot of You havemet lots of Englishtenses- the present
English.You needto notice collocations and record continuous, the presentperfect,the presentperfect
them in your notebooks.So,what are collocations? continuousand so on. You mightthinl<the systemis
We hardlyever use one word on its own. You will very complicated. In fact,it is fairlysimple.There are
usuallymeet a new word in a text, where it is usedwith only three reallyimportantpatternsthat you needto
other words. So,it is alwaysbetter to learn groups of understand.
words which are often used together. These groups Continuous forms
of words are calledcollocations. Here are some examoles:
Completeeachsentencewith one word. The presentcontinuous:
lmust've ...amistake. O h n o ,i t s r a i n i n ga g a i n .
H a v ey o u ...your homeworl<l The pastcontinuous:
H e ' sa r e a l l y " . . s m o l < e r - a t l e a s t t w e n t ya d a y , I was working all lastweel<end.
S h aw lle " . . a ." . . . . . . " . b r e a l < i The presentperfectcontinuous:
You alreadyknow'chunl<s' of language. For example: There you arel * I've beentrying to ring you all
mal<ea nristake do your homework morntng.
heavysmoi<er havea short break In every examplethe speal<er seesthe actionas
Theseare all collocations. extendedbetweentwo pointsin time. so a continuous
lf you learnwords one by one, it is easyto mal<e form is used.Thisis alsotrue for eventsorganisedbefore
mistakeswhen you use the words later.You might,for now which will happenafter now:
example,say:I think I did o mistoke,
or I haven'tmade my We're havinga few friends round on Friday.Would you
homework. lf you learnwords in groups,you will not Iiketo come?
make as many mistakes. The game is being playednextTuesday.
There are lots of differentkindsof collocations.
lt is a The continuousalwaysemphasises that the speaker
good ideato havea differentsectionin your notebool< thinlcsthe eventis extendedover a period:
for collocationsof differentkinds.Here are some of the
Next weel<l'll be lyingon the beachin rhe sun"
most imDortantkinds:
Perfect forms
curiy hair (adjective+ noun) The presentperfect:
Oh, you've changedyour hair.I prefer it that way.
i:aythe bill (verb + noun)
tf';enreparl< (noun + noun) The past perfect:
Stevetoid me, but ld alreadyheardfrom Amanda.
highlyei{f*nsive (adverb+ adiective)
*n either sideof (prepositional The presentperfectcontinuous:
phrase)
There it is! I've been loolcingfon that everywhere.
ofi the other hand (adverbphrase)
ta.fkingts s#m€ old friends (verb + adjective+ noun) In every casethe speakeris lookingbackon an earlier
event.In spol<enEnglishwe often notice somethingnow
which makesus commenton what happenedearlier.The
sentenceoften linksthe causeof the presentsituation,
The most importantkind of collocationyou needto
or the resultof what happenedearlier:
learn is verb+ (odjective)
+ nsun.For example:
The journeyonly takesme twenty minutesnow
applyfor a new job becausethey've opened the new road at last.
Notice that you may know all the words in a phrase,but Vy'e'vemoved,you lcnow,so I haveto come on the
not recognisethe phraseas a single chunk. Learning train nowadays.
it as a chunk is very important. Notice the opposite
of o lightcolouris a dork colour,but the opposite ol o light

157
 Grammar
introduction

Simple forms In ( l) you are talkingabout cheesein general.

Theseare usedif the speal<eris givinga summary,or In (2) cheese= differentlcindsof cheese.You can count
overviewof the whole situation.Differentkindsof Camembert,Roquefort,Brie,etc.
overviewall use the simpleform: In (3) you are contrastingone kind of cheese- strong-
i seewhat you mean. with another.
I never eat meat.
I promise Nwont saya word to anybody" .
I playtennisat leastsnee a week all year round. o".j I
":: 'I ..f:* l;','n1^:
w
It tal<esabout two hours,dependingan the traffic. i.-"in
1}' I f,
q d i..,t :**
. r . . r i
lf you use anotherform, it addsextra meaning, so the - r
" o .
- r / i J f # . ' ^ . -

simpleform is the basicform. lt is the most common

Two things are very important if you want to improve.
form of the verb in English.
Firstly,you needto hear and reada lot of English.
lt
doesn'tmatter if you don't understandeverything; if you

i , f . . , : : . : :, . : : ' . : - . : - :
;#
There is only one reallyimportantgrammarpatternwith
Englishnouns- the differencebetweencountobleand
uncountablenouns.
Countablenounsare thingswhich exist in units:
books,days,children
or which we thinl<of in units:
ideas,plans,opporrunities
Becausecountablenounsare about units,you can have
one - a book, an opportunity (the singulor).
Or you can
havemore than one - six days,threechildren(the plurol).
Uncountablenounsare thingswhich we do not usually
thinl<of in units:
krcl<,
happiness,
water,sand
Somewords havetwo differentmeanings,
one countable,
a n do n e u n c o u n t a b l e :
l" Do you thinl<there is life out rhere in spacel
2. There'sa free spacenext to that redVolvo.
I n ( l ) s p a c e= t h e s i n g l eg, r e a tc o s m o s .
In (2) space= the marl<edareawhere you can leavea
car in the car park. You can count the spacesin the car
oark.
So,it is not words which are countableor uncountable-
it is the particularmeaning of the word. Somewords
havetwo very similarmeanings, but the grammaris
different:
l. I'veonly playedtwo sr ehreerimes befq:re.
?. l-{urryup - we haven'tmuch time" The train leaves
at twenty Past.
In (l) times = occasions"You can count how manytimes
you havedone something.
In (2) time = the abstractideaof time. You can measure
it, but you can'rcounr ir.
l. I'm very fond of cheese.
2. Franceis sometimesdescril:edas rhe land of 200
eneeses"
3. You need a very srrongcheesefor this recipe.
understandpart of what you hear or read,that is enough
to help you improve.Secondly,you need to noticethe
language you meet.lf your teachersays,'You modeo
mistoke,'you needto noticethat the expressionis mode
o mistcke,not did o mistoke.lfyou do not notice
somethint,you will not rememberit.
With grammar,it is alsovery importantto noticethe
examplesyou meet. Again,you needto noticewhole
expressions,and record them in your notebool<exactly
as you find them. Recordexamplesyou meet lil<ethis:
It's tirne yr:u stood on your own two feet"
I searchedhighand lsw for ir.
CK, I can tal<ea hint,
Not lilcethis:
te stand on your own twO feet
highand low
take the hint
Do not changethem so that they lool<lilcea dictionary.
Changingthem makesthem more difficultto rememoer,
and when you usethem later,there is more chancethat
you will makea mistal<e.lf you write a translation,
translatethe phraseas a singleexpression.
Slowly,you will beginto seegroupsof exampleswhich
are similarin some way.lf you can see a pattern,and you
c a n d e s c r i b ei t ,t h e d e s c r i p t i o n
i s a ' r u l e ' .A ' r u l e ' i s
nothingmore than a descriptionof some examples
which are similarin some way.
But rememberthat exampleswhich are similarin one
way may be differentin other ways,so your'rule' may be
only partlytrue. Eventhe rules in grammarbooks are
often only partlytrue.
The real examplescome first;rulescome later,so the
examplesare more important.
With vocabulary, -
noticeand record words in chunl<s
collocationsand exoressions.
With grammar,notice and record the examplesin
context, exactly as you find them.
Noticingand recordinglanguage in chunl<s
will help you
learn more quickly,and make fewer mistalceswhen you
use Englishyourself.

158

*l**: xp
ffi1 (page 9)
Modifiersare words such as very,really,and quite.They
are usedto'modify' - strengthenor weaken- adjectives.
Really, very
She'svery nice. He's really bossy"
These two modifiersare usedto mal<epositiveor
negativeadjectivesstronger.However,with 'extreme'
adjectives- boiling,fantostic,delicious,huge,tiny,freezing,
etc.- you can only use reolly.lt's very hugeor Itwos very
fantosticsound very strange.
It's reallyboilingtoday,isn't itl
It's reallydelicious,
rhis soup.
Quite
The meaningof quitedependsboth on the way it is
stressedand on the context you hear it in.
john's quite creative- he paintsand draws.
fn the sentenceabove,creativewould be stressedand the
sentencemeansyou thinl<that John reallyis creative.
However,in the sentencebelow,quitewould be stressed
and the sentencenow meansyou thinl<Peteis creative,
but not particularlycreative.
Pete'squite creative,but he's notVan Goghl
a bit too
She'sa bit too nice,if you lcnowwhat I mean.
The structure a bit too + positiveadjectiveis usuallyused
either to disagreeslightlywith what hasjust been said,as
in this example:
,fr,:She'svery good'lool<ing,don't you thinl<l
B: Yes,a bit too good-looking, if you ask me. I mean,
she'svery big-headed about rt.
or to add an extra comment to a statementwe nave
alreadymade.For example:
She'sreallytall<ative . . . actually,
she can sometimesbe
a bit too tallqative,
now I come to thinl<of it! | mean,
she just nevershutsup once she getsgoing!
Presentsimpleand present
eoiltinuoug
The presentsimpleis the most common tense in English.
The presentsimplehere is usedto talk about thingsthat
the speakerseesas facts about life - thingsthat are
always,normallyor usuallytrue:
I find my dad a bit dul,.
(always,not iust at the moment)
Do you get on with thern all right?
(generally)
The presentcontinuous,however,is usedwhen tne
speakerseesthe actionor eventdescribedas only being
temporary,as somethingalreadyin the processof being
completed.
She'sbeingreallynice at the momenr.
(This is strange,becausenormallyshe'shorrible!)
He'sworking this weel<end.
(But he doesn'tusually, it's only a temporary
arrangement.)
Rememberthat the differencebetweenthe oresenr
simpleand presentcontinuousis about how we see an
event.Both forms can be used about the sameevent.for
examPte:
j a n e ' sl i v i n gi n G r e e c e .
M a r i el i v e sl n G r e e c e "
The differenceis probablythatJanehasa job in Greece
for ayear,but Marie is marriedand hasa familythere.
The fact that the two peoplelivethere is the same,out
thdway the speakerseesthe situationis different.
You probablyknow the basicrulesfor how to make
comparisonsusingadjectivesalready:we generallyuse
adjective+ -er or more * adjective.For example:
/4: Shallwe take the busi
B: No, letk walk.lt'li be nicer,
Everything's so much cheaperhere than it is in rhe UK.
Most of the other peoplethere seemeda lst more
experiencedrhan I was"
I found this booh a iot mcre interestingthan the cither
thingsI've had to readfor the course.
Note: ln eonversation, the two thingsyou are comparing
are usuallyobviousto the personyou'retallcingto. As a
result,we tend not to comparethem both within the
samesentence.This is why we don't say:Nq lett wolk.
It'll be nicerthon tokingthe bus in the first exampleabove.
The rules for when to add -er and when to add more are
quite complex,Generally, words of three syllablestake
more,and most shorter adjectivesof one or two syllables
take -er, but this is not alwaystrue. Participleadjectives
(ones which end in -ing and -ed), for example,always
tal<emore.- even if they havea short sound (e.g., bored,
crowded)- and so do adjectivesendingin -ful and -less
(e.9. helpful).Thereare also two very common irregulars:
betterand worse.
1s9
 Grammar
commentary
Rememberthat as well as makingadjectivesinto
comDaratives. we can also use adverbsand advero
phrasesto comparehow thingsare done.For example:
N-lefinishedit mueh more quicklythan I thought he
would.
I get on with him,much,much better than I usedto"
To comparethe first thing we are talkingabout
netativelywith the secondthint we are tallcingabout,we
use not os ... os for adjectives:
He's not as old as most peoplethinl<he is.
It's not as expensivehere as it is baclshome.
To do the samewith adverbs,we use don't + yerb + cs +
odverb+ os.
I don't lil<ethis as much as I thought I would.
Shedoesn'tcome over as often as she usedto.
I don't get on with him as well as I did when we
were younger.
There are lots of common fixed phrasesfor making
comparisons. We often usethem when we are
answeringquestions. lt's a good ideato lceepa record of
these everytime you meet a new one. Here are some
typicalexamples:
not as often as I used to
not as often as I'd like to
not as much as I usedto
not as good as I thought it would be
not as difficultas I thought it would be
U s i n ga u xi l i a ri e s{p a g e2 3 )
lf an auxiliaryverb is usedin the initialstatement,the
responsewill usethe sameauxiliary:
So+auxiliary+l
,4: I'm goingto stayin tonight and do norhing"
B: Oh,so am l"
A: l've just bool<edmy summerholidays.
B: Oh, that's funny,becauseso havel.
lf we want to atree with a negativestatement,however,
the pattern is:
Neither + positive form of the auxiliary + |
A; I don't like thingsthat are too sweet"
B: lrlo,neitherdo L
F,l I can't stand sea wafer.
B: Ch no,neither can l.
lf no auxiliaryverb is presentin the initialcomment,we
agreeby addinga'dummy auxiliary'do;
So+do+l
A: I prefer coffeewithour nrill<.
B: Oh,so do l.
A: I nevergo abroad.
B: No, neitherdo l.
Notice,that if the initialcommenthasmore than one
auxiliaryverb,we agreeby usingthe frst of the two
auxiliaries:
160
A: I've beenthinlcingabout movinghouse.
B: Oh, that's strange,becauseso ha.vel.
A; I hayen! been feelingall that weli just lately.
B: There must be somethinggoinground,because
neither havei.
Finally,
note that it is very common in spokenEnglishto
simplyuse Oh,metoo to agreeto a positivestatement
and Nq me neitherto agreewith a negativeone.
A: I love fish and ehips./ I'vebeenthere loadsof
times now.i I can speal< a bit of Japanese.
B: Ch. me too.
,f.\: I dont lil<ehim much./ | can'tstandthis l<indof
music.i I haven'tseenher for ages.
B: No, me neither.
ffi5 Wsulld {page31}
Would(or'd) is usedwhen the speal<er
wantsto makea
statementsound more tentativeor hypothetical:
Wor"rldyou mind if I left a bit early todayl I've gor a
doctor's appointn-rent.
(l understandit might not be possible.)
It'd be great if you did come and stay in the sllmmer.
(though,of course,I realiseyou might not be ableto)
I'd quite lil<ethe greenone,if you can find it.
(but dont worry if you can't)
However,there are also lots of usefulexpressions
using
wouldwhich you shouldjust try and learnto use as
w h o l ec h u n k s :
That'd be greac.
I w o u l d n ' tm i n d .
I wouldif I could.
I'd quite like to.
It'd be nice if you could.
I wouldn't do that if I were you.
It is a good ideato listenfor and collectother
expressionsusingwould.
Fast perfect eontinuous(page37)
The pastperfectcontinuousis generallyusedto tall<
about the backgroundto an eventin the pastor to
explainwhy this event happened.
lt usuallydescribesthe
eventsor actionsleadingup to somethingwhich is the
mainfocusof our story or description.
We hadnkbeengettingon for a longtime, so we
decidedto go our separateways.
"A':So how come you didn't haveany money?
B: Well, I hadn'tbeenworl<ingmurch, and I'd been
havinga lot of problemswith my car.
This contrastswith the pastperfectsimple,which is used
to describea singleeventwhich then had a resultin the
past.Look at these examples:
He looked reallyweird and then I suddenlyrealised
he'd shavedhis beard offl (just once!)
 G r a m m caor m m e n i a ' v

I wasnt feelingwell . . . i'd had a ccld for monrns. It is alsoworth rememberingthat there are lots of
(not'ld been havinga cold' - havinga cold is not adjectiveexpressionswhich are followed by a
somethingyou can do over and over again) prepositionplusgerund;
Rememberthat the past perfect is alwaysconnectedto
I'm not very l<eenon eool<ing.
other eventsin the more recenr Dasr.
You nrust be rired oL pegple_abg@ys
a5kjlg you where
you're from.
Second cmffiditigriaEs
{pageBs} There are two or three common verbswhich can be
followedby gerundsand infinitives.
Look at these
Secondconditionalsare usedto talk about situations examPtes:
which the speal<erseesas unlikelyor hypothetical. I elearlyremennberswli'nming
in the seanear eur
There are severalvery frequently used second fl()use.
conditionals.
For example: (it happenedin the past)

! wouldn't do that if i were you" I rnustremembertq eailmy mum tonight.

I wouldn't bother if I were yoLt. (in the future)
I would if i eould,but I can't" Haveyou tried askingthe guy next do6r?
It'd be grearif youlcould. (Haveyou alreadytried this method of solvingyour
it'd be tennibleif rhey did. problem?)
I'd die if that happenedto me!
.lust ery_rc_fqrgelabour it.
One thing to rememberis that when we report first (in the future)
conditionals,
they then havethe sameverb forms as I jr:srtotallyfqrgqr ro payrhe phone bill"
secondconditionals: (l should'vedone it, but didnt.)
Fle told rne rhar I could if I wantedto. l'li neverforget climbingthat nrountainin peru.
(His actualwords: Youcon if you wont to.) (l still rememberit and I expectro rememberit in the
I alwaysusedro tlrinl<that if I neededher,she'dbe future.)
there fer me"
(My actualthought:If I needher,she'llbe therefor me.)
TeEkEng
abeut the fr"rte.lre
{page49}
We also use the samegrammaticalstructure to talk
about typicalthingsthat happeneda lot in the past.For
When you are trying to decidewhich form to useto talk
example:
about the future,the most importantthing to think
When I was a l<id,if lt snornred,
we'd ail gs our and have about is why you think the actionsyou're talking about
hugesnowballfights. are goingto happen.Here are some guidelines to help
lf my dad eve{-gor reafly angrywirh me, l'd run upstairs you:
and then l'd hidc under rny bed. 'll - the
normal, everyday, contracted form of will
Note that in these examples,if meanseverytime or That'sthe phone"!'ll ger it.
whenever. I thini<l'li havethe ehieken.
Whether you use a secondconditionalor not is very '/l
describesa decisionmadeat rhe moment of speaking.
much a matter of choice.For example,logically,you Going to * verb
would expect peopleto use one when talkingabout
winningthe lottery,but actuallyyou often hear people Ugh! | thinl<my roorh'sgoingto faii ourt.
sayingthingslike this: I'm goingto handin rny notieeat wsrl* next week.

if I win this weel<.,

you wor.l'tsee me baci<at wort{ next Goingto is usedwhen there is evidencenow for the
Monday!or - evenmore optimistically! -When I win, future event- somethingyou can see or feel- or to talk
I'rn goingco tell my bosswhat he can do with his iob! about a decisionyou havealreadymadeon your own.
Present continuous
They'releavingnext weelqsomstime.
Gerund amdiriflnitive {pagerE6} i'm seeingher for lunchtornorrow.
The presentcontinuousis usedto describeeventsthat
Sadly,there is no easyway to learn which verbs are
havealreadybeenarrangedwith other people.
followedby gerundsand which by infinitives. The best
thing to do is to try to learnusefulchunksthat you can Present simple
use a lot. fl{y classfinishesaround nine.
l'll try to do ir later" Shearrivessn 2"dl-4arch.
I nranaged to do it in the end. These eventsare seen as facts,particularlyfacts
I n'lustremembento call her. connectedto timetables- of movies,lessons, trains,
i love livinghene. boats,planes,etc.
I'vefinallystoppedsmol<ing.
I started doing it yearsago.

tG I
 q l r a r r T n a cr o m m e n l a r y
-"^l Morewaysof talking
utui aboutthe furture(page
st)
I've got (somebody) (coming round).
This structureis mainlyusedwith the verbs orriving,
visitingand coming.Here are the most normal uses:
I'vegot my murn arrivingtomorrow"
I'vegot some frienelscominground later on-
I've got to + verb (or I have to + verb).
This structureis usedto talk about thingsyou dont
want to do, but feel are necessary.
I've got to do some things for work.
i've got to cal<emy kids te school tomorrow.
It is also usedto explainwhy you can'tdo something.
For example:
,,s,:Hey,we were wondering if you wanted to come
out with us tonightl
B: Ch, I'd love to, but I'm afraid I've got to worl< late
today.l4aybenext time.
I ' m s u p p o s e dt o b e - i n g , b u t . . .
you
Supposed to be is usedto describearrangements
havealreadymadewith other peopleand which you
haven'tchangedyet,but which you now feel could be
changed.
The structureis often usedwith a but-clause explaining
that you no longerfeel like keepingto this plan.
I'm supposedto be meetingsome friendstonight,
but I don't reallyfeel lilcert any rnore.
sayingthat you haven't
It is also usedwith a but-clause
definitelydecidedyet.
l'm supposedto be goinground to see him later,
but I'rn not entirelysure.
You can also say I mightgo roundto seehim loter,or I
might be goinground to seehim loter.
G1 *;th
r i n:;t?Tldins o*'bu
"'*rri"v
Notice that when no auxiliaryverb is presentin the
initialstatement,we respondusingthe dummyauxiliary
do.lt is alsovery common to add a follow-upquestion
or comment.For examole:
r\r I went off to Margatefor the weel<end"
B: Oh, did youi That rnust'vebeen nice.
"&: Yes,it was lovely.
,s; I speal<pretty good Russian.
ts: Oh, do youlWhere did you learnthat theni
A; At university. I did French,Russianand Polish.
Be careful not to confusehod as a past tense verb with
the auxiliaryverb hoye.For example:
Ar We had (mainverb) a great mealover atjims.
B: Oh,didyoulWhat did he coolsi
A.; I've (auxiliaryverb) got my new stereo at lastl
B: Oh, haveyou?I'd betier come over tonight,then"
162
We use the structure not. . . untilwhen we want to
emphasisethat we did somethinglater than usual.
For examole:
I oversieptthis monning.I didn'twalceup until ten!
I didn't start learningEnglishuntil lastyear!so I'nr quite
pleasedwith how well I'm doing.
ffi13 Linleimgideas {page69}
Lool<at these two ideas:
It was very eold.
We neededtwo pLllloversl
We can linl<thesetwo ideasin one sentenceusinga so-
c/ouse.For example:
It was so cold,we neededtwo pullovers!
In spol<enEnglish, this is a very common way of
expressing causeand result,with the so-clause explaining
the cause.Theso-clause may come first or second:
It was so hot, (that) | was sweatinglil<ea pig!
I was sweatinglil<ea pig (beeause) it was so hot!
hearda pin
It was so quiet in there,(that)you cor-lld've
drop.
Ycrucould'vehearda pin drop (because)it was so quiet
in there"
Notice that in normal spol<enEnglish,you do not needto
use the linlcingwords in braclcets,
as they are implicitly
understood.
I
G'l4l Jutdginghlr appearances(pagero)
HelShe/ooksis alwaysfollowed by an adjective:
Shelool<sreallynice and friendly.
He looks a bit stressed-outto rne.
HelShelooks/ikeis followedby a noun or a noun phrase:
Fle lool<sliicea dentistor a doctor or something.
He lool<slil<ethe l<indof personwho'll help
HelShe/ooksos if helsheis followed by a verb clause:
He lool<sas if he'sabout to cry"
Shelool<sas if she'sbeen running.
Note that in everydayspoken English,os if is often
substitutedby like:
Shelooks as ifllil<eshe'sbeenworking all day.
lf someoneseemsa bit depressed,it is somethingyou feel
through knowingthem,not iust seeingthem.
Daveseemsa bit down at the msment"ls he OK?
w;th rnodals (page74)
ffixpressions
There is a fine line betweenwhat is grammarand what is
vocabulary. The expressions here are probablybest
treated as bits of vocabularyand just learnedas whole,
fixed expressions. Thesekindsof expressions are very
usefulin everydayEnglish. Learningthem will help you
understandthe meaninqsof the differentmodats.

However,here are a few thingsto bear in mind:
l. A4ustis usedto makeguesseswhich the listenerfeels
fairlysure are true, becauseof the evidenceavailable.
You rnustbe jol<ing!d tr00fcrrehatl
You nrustbe A.inericanwith an accentlilEethar"
2. Similarly,
must'veis usedto makeguessesabout the
past,basedon the evidenceavailable.
It must\yebeen nieegeffiingout of the city for a bit.
You must'vebeen neallypieasedto see her again"
Could'veis used to talk about thingsyou now feel
were possiblein the past,evenif they didn't actually
naPPen.
I could'verold you rhat!
I could'vehelpedyou if you'c{aslced.
4. Should've
ls usedto tall<about what we thinl<would
havebeena good ideain the past.lt can be usedto
expressretret or retrospectiveadvice.
You shoukl'vel<nownbetter.
You shourld've
tried to get rhe pric* down"
ffi't6 TeE[6nge stffifly{pageTE}
Notice that when we give backgrounddetailsto our
stories,we usuallyuse the past continuousor usedto f
verb.
A few yearsago,when chisfriend of rnine was ccmi4g
home frorn worl<,. . .
I usedto fivein this flat in down*rownFJewYorl<"
and
one day I was tAlqingthe suhwayLiprowrr. . .
N-astThulrsday
I was ridinghome on nry bike ...
When we introducethe problem in a story,it is very
common to switchto Dresenttenses.This makesthis
part of the story soundmore dramaticand immediate.
When all of a sudden,this big,scary-looking
guy runs
uF t0 me and tries to pinch rny bag.
Then suddenNy this girl app€arsfrsrn nowhere,ann
she'.qcrfi11gand screaming,so I asi<her whatis up.
paflttaipFes{pageTs}
G T 7 Fr"esemt
It is very common to join two ideastogether by using
clausesusingthe presentparticiple(-ingclauses). It is
possibleto add more than one clause,but we do not
normallyadd more than three clausesat any one time:
I was iust standingthere,.g4a!g!ng
for rny bus,rninding
my own business.
Shewas drivingal*ng quite normally,singingalongro
this songon the radio,feelin€pretry good,when all of
a s u d d e n. - .
Fast slrnp$eand pasqe#mtis"ruieius
The pastcontinuousis only usedif the speakerwishesto
emphasise that the actiondescribedwas extendedover
a period of time. As a result,the pastcontinuousis often
Grammarcomnier,ia.
usedto describean actionwhich was alreadyin progress
when it was in some way'interrupted':
I was clrivil'lgthrough tawn when I gor stopped by this
ppliceean
I was just gettistgreaciytn leavewhen this br-iei<
came
flvingthreiughmy winelow!
I met nryfirst wife while I vuaslivingin Far-is.
Notice that the clauseshere are linl<edusingwhenor
while.lncertaincontexts,verbs do not get extendedin
tirne - they just happenonce.For example,it is correct
to say:
I was findingthe i*crure realiyinrer*stingunril he
sta!'tedtall<ing
abeut bio-physics!
but not:
*qcra**adln€the diamond when we were cleaningthe
flat.
You can only find a diamondonce!The differencern
grammaris becausethe meaningof fnd changesslightly
in these different contexts.
The pastsimpleis usedto tall<about thingsthe speat<er
seesas complete,finishedfacts.Thesemight be things
that only happenedonce:
! found the diamondon the flosr!
i crashedstraighuthrough the newsagent's
rsindow"
I broke my leg playingiootball.
Or they might be thingsthat happenedover a long
period of time but which the speakerwantsto tall<
about by givingan overview of the facts.
! iivedin l*rlicanagua
fcr six y*ars In the *igirties"
I worlcecion a fa-rmfor a few years after I left sehs,el"
GB"
smrnething/ er anldthins{pageE6}
Or something is addedto positivesentencesand
questionsto mean or something e/se/ikethat.Or anything
is addedto negativesentencesor negativequestions.
i thinl<he'sa lawyeror a ludgeor somerhing"
Flaveyourgor a screwctrrivenon somethingi
! didri'tevenl<issher or anyrhing!
Didn't he evenphoneyorr or anytliingi
This featureof spokenEnglishis not slangor'bad
English'.
lt is one of the wayswe express'vagueness'
when we do not know precisedetails.
Frcsemtpcrfeet simrpieaffidBrestrrnt
The presentperfectsimpleis a bit lilcethe pastsimplein
that both tensesare usedto talk about thingsthat
happenedin the past.The differenceis,however,that we
usethe presentperfectsimpleif we seethese eventsas
somehowconnectedto the present;perhapswe see a
presentresultof theseactions,as in the examples.
Ch, you'vehad your hair cut! lt letolcs
great,much
better than ie did.
r63
 Grammarcommentary
I cant play basketballtoday.I've twisted my ankle.
ls biacktea OK?We\e run out of mill<"
We can also use the present perfect simpleto stressthat
we havehad an experienceand can talk about it now if
the listenerwants us to.
Well, I'veworked in pubsbe{one,and I'vedone plenty
of washingup in restaurantsand things.
Oh, you piaythe piano!I'vejust started learningmyself!
Note:When we use a finishedtime reference, e.g.lost
Friday,in I 99 I , two weeksog4 when I wos ot high school,
the presentperfectis never used.
The present perfect continuousis used when we want to
show that an action that started in the past is continuing
now.
I've beentrying t find a job for rnonthsnow!
(And I still haven'tfound one.)
My leg'sbeen feelingweird {or the last few daysnow.
(And it's still feelingpainful.)
The presentperfectcontinuousis also usedwhen we
want to stressthat we see the Dastaction describedas
havingbeen extended over a period of time, that we see
it as havinghappenedagainand againand again.Notice
that there is a presentresult.
i've been waiting here for you fon hours - you eould at
leastsayyou'resorry or something!
Haveyou b,eendrinkinglYourbreathsmeilsvery odd!
With certain verbs,there's often only a very subtle
differencebetweenthe presentperfectsimpleand
presentperfectcontinuous.
l've been working here for about twenty years ilow.
(But maybeI'm ready for a changenow I see my iob as
only temporary.)
!'ve worked here for twenty years now.
(lt's just a fact about my life.I se my iob as permanent.)
Notice that lots of verbs don't work well with the
presentperfectcontinuous.
I've alwaysliked this kind of foad./
I've alwaysbeen lil<ingthis kind of food. X
You either like somethingor you don't. You can't like it
over ano over.
\fifish {pasee7}
We usuallyuse wishto talk about thingswe regret doing
- or not doing- in the pastor to talk about waysin
which we would lil<ethe presentto be different.When
we are talking about thingswe regret about the past,we
use wish + the post perfect.We often add a reason
explainingwhy we feel like this.
I feel dreadful
I wish I hadnkeatenso much eanlier.
now.
164
I wish you hadn'ttold me about it. I can'tstop thinking
about it now.
I wish I'd seenit while it was out. l'll haveto wait till it
comes out on DVD now.
I wish ld beena bit more honestabout things.Things
might'veworked olrt hetween us if I had been.
When we talk about thingswe feel bad about or
disappointedabout in the present,we use wish+ post
simpleverb.
I wish I could drive. I hate havingto rely sn my mum
and dad to take me everywhere.
I wish I was a bit slirnmer.I can'tget into my old
summerclothesanyffiore.
I wish i didn? haveto get up so early every day.I eould
realNydo with a lie-int
We also use wish+ youlhelshe+ wouldlwouldn'tto
complainabout other people'sannoyinghabits.
I wish you wouldn't smol<ein here!
(You do it a lot and you're doing it now and it's driving
me mad!)
I wish it'd stop raining!
(lt rains a lot and it's rainingnow and I hate it!)
Note : Don't get wishmixed up with hope.We usually
use hopeto talk about thingswe would like to happen-
or that we dont want to happen- in the future. lt's also
got differentword grammar.Usuallyit's followed by the
presentsimple,evenif we're talkingabout the future.
I hope it stops raininglater.
I hope she comesto the gametomorrow"
I hope the exam next weel<isn't too hard.
Reletives elaLlses{page1CIZ}
It is common to commenton the eventsdescribedin a
sentenceby addingwhichwos + o desui|tive
nounlodjective:
It was freezingin Chile,whiqhwas a bit unexpected.
I finallymanagedto asi<for a pay rise,whiehwas a real
rveiehg_qffnny_shouldcrs.
We can also add which meont + subject+ verb + object:
It rainedthe whole time we were inThailand,which
meaiil-J-didnlCe! nluch -hance to go
I failedthree out of four o{ my tests that year,which
meant I had tq re-take the whole vear'scourses.
eoniunetisns(page105)
Although
ln spoken English,olthoughis followed by a main clause
and usuallyintroducesa clausethat reducesthe strength
of the statementwhich comes before it.

I do like vegetables, aithoughI must admit that I'm
really more of a meat person myself.
It was lovely in Saudi,althoughthe heat did get a bit
much sometimes.
I reallylike my iob, althougha little bit more money
wouldnt go amiss!
Considering
Considering
is often followed by a how-clauseand adds
the meaningwhich is strongewhen you think obout it:
The food there was reallygreat,consideringhow
cheapit wasl
The party was pretty good, actually,consideringthere
were only about twenty people there!
In spite of
/n spiteof is followedby a gerundor a noun clauseand
introducesan ideawhich has beenthoughtabout,but
which doesnt affectthe statementthat comes before or
after it.
Shegot great gradesall through coilege,in spite of
havingto dealwith all kindsof familyproblems.
Pete'sSpanishaccentis almostunintelligible,in
spite of havinglivedin Madridfor three yearsl
C o m pa ri n g
Notice that in everydayspoken English,it is now very
common to hear pluralnounsand pluraluncountable
nouns precededby there'sinsteadof thereore. Evenwell-
educated,carefulspeakerswill saythings like:
It's a bit lilceCairo or somewhere,only there's a lot
more cars on the road there.
There'shundredsof sheepblockingthe road down by
the farm.
Business is OK, but there'snot as manytourists
coming this year as there were last year.
Thereare is also correct in these situations.
. l
We often make guessesabout things we think are true
basedon the evidenceavailableto us,and use mustto
show we are fairly sure,but not 100%certain that what
we are sayingis true.
It must be nice havinga bit more spacenow that
you'vemoved house.
It must'vebeen reallygreat in NewYork.
Rememberthat the oppositeof mustfor guessingis not
mustn't but con't:
You can'tbe seriousl
You cant earn much working in a burgerbar.
It can't havebeen very well made if it only lastedthree
weeks beforefallingto bits! (Seealso G 15.)
Grammarcommentary
The past perfect simple is generallyused to tall<about
the backgroundto an event in the past or to explainwhy
this event happened.
It is usuallyusedwith other pasttenses,and allowsus to
jump further backinto the pastfrom the main point in
time that we're talking about.
My ieg was killingme, becauselU twisted it at the gym
the day before"
I had a dreadfulheadache,becauselU had a bit too
much to drink the night before.
I'd never done anythinglilcethat before so I was really
nervousabout it. (Seealso G6.)
conditionals
We use secondconditionalsto talk about waysin which
we imaginethe present or future could be different.
lf I had a bit more time, ld starr goingto rhe gym
more often.
lf I were you,I'd just tell her what happenedand hope
she understands!
We use third conditionalsto talk about imaginarypasts-
ways in which the past could havebeen different,if the
situation had been different.
lf I'd known, I would've tried to talk to hirn about it.
(But I didnt know,so I didnt talk to him.)
lf she hadn'tbeenthere,I might'vedied!
(But she was there and she helpedme.)
However,past eventsdont only havepast results;they
also often havepresent results.lf we want to talk about
the imaginarypresent resultsof a past event,we haveto
use a mixed conditional. Often,this is halfof a third
conditional- to talk about the past- and halfa second
conditional- to talk about the imaginarypresent:
lf she hadnt encouragedme, I wouldn't be a teacher
now.
lf my mum hadnt been hitch-hiking that day,she and
my dad wouldn't be marriednow
lf I hadn'tmovedto Brightonwhen I did, I'd probably
still be working in that factory"
lf it hadnt beenfor him, we'd still be livingunder
militaryrule today.
Did you noticethat in the secondconditionalpart of the
sentence,we often usethe continuousform?We do this
when we want to talk about an imaginaryaction that we
think might alreadybe in progressif the first half of the
sentencehad actuallybeentrue.
Mixedconditionalsare very common in both spokenand
written English.The best way to deal with them when
you meet them in future is to try to understandwhen
each half of the sentenceis referringto and to try and
work out if it's talking about an imaginaryor a real
condition.(Seealso G7.)
165
 [ r r A m m A rC O m r n e n t A r y
."ol Secondconditisnalsfor nnaking
***i suggestions
(page122)
Notice that the iF sentencestartershere are all second
- the structurewe useto talk about things
conditionals
we see as beinghypotheticalor imaginaryat the time of
speal<ing:
It'd be great if the shops stayedopen a bit longer^,
It'd be much better if there was agynp
It'd be lovely if I didn't haveto set up so early!
It is very common to find secondconditionalsbeginning
with the sentencestartersgivenhere,so try and
rememberthe whole phrasein eachcase.
I
The passive(pasetzs)
G?91
It is not helpfulto think of the passiveas being'the
opposite' of the active.We alwaysuse the passivefor a
very specificreason.Eitherwe don't know who the doer
of the actionwas:
lYy brother was l<illedduringthe civilwar.
My car was stolenfrclrnright outsidemy house!
or the actionwas done by a largegroup of people:
The stadiumwas built in the thirties"
(obviouslyby worl<men)
At leastthree versiansof this songhavebeen
recorded.
(obviouslyby musiciansand singers)
Note that the activeecuivalentsof these sentencesuse
theyas a'dummy subject':
They built this stadiumhacl<in the thirties.
They'verecordedat leastthree versionsof this song.
We also use the passivewhen the doer of the actionis
l<nown,but not relevantor importantat the moment of
speaking:
My ear'sbeingrepairedat the moment.
Three of my teeth were lcnocl(edout last year when I
was playingrugby.
This model was developedin our Seoulteam.
Passives
are more common in formal,written English.
I A; We've run out of nrilk.
Eoi'ls
_ryqryqllrygfe
This structureis often thought of as the'future in the
past'and is commonlyusedto report our pastthoughts
or words,particularlywhen they provedto be inaccurate
rn some way:
I theught it was gqingto rain,so i broughtrhe washing
in - just in case.
TheyU told me lwas gBrng_lq._be_lransfe_n:ed
to
lvlexico,but nothing ever came of it.
However,it doesnt alwayshaveto havea past time
reference.lt can be usedto tall<about thingsin the
future that we've alreadydecidedto do, but now
suddenlydecidewe might not do after all.
166
A; Do you want to come over later and eat
sornething?
B: Well, I was goin&ro suy in and rry and ger some
worl<done,but i guessI could alwaysdo that
tomorrow instead.
Oh, it's funnyyou shouidcalll I was goingto call
you later,but you beat rne to it!
One of the most common usesof this structureis when
you phonesomeoneand they answer:
Oh, I was just goingto ring you.
Have you noticed that certain people alwayssaythis?
ffisr StartlnE with wfiat {pagetBa}
When we want to emphasise what we are goingto say
by addingwhotat the beginningof a sentence,
the
grammar of the statementchanges.Weoften use do as a
dummyauxiliaryand we also add the verb is/wos.
I reallyneedto tal<ea holidaysoon.
\I/hat I reallyneedto do is take a holidaysoon.
I was thinl<ingof goingto Chinanext year,if I can
afford it.
What I was thinl<ingof doing next year is goingto
China,if I ean afford it.
There are lots of quite common sentencestarters that
usethis structure.Try to learnthem and use them as
whole phrases.
V/hat I found reallyinterestingabout it was . " .
What reallyannoysme about him is rhe way " . .
What worries me most about the idea is . . .
What I still don't understandis why . . "
GS3Fr,rturccontinuous{page143}
This structureis often usedto tall<about an event in the
future that we see as alreadyarrangedbut which now,
becauseof what hascome up in the conversation, we
also see as the baclground to another newer event,
describedin the so-clause:
B: Oh well,lool<,l'll be goingshoppinglater (l've
alreadydecidedthis),so l'll get some,if you want.
(new decision/offer)
,4,: I really love proper pesto sauce.
B: Oh, do youl Well, lool<,i'll be goingbackto ltaly
for a weelcin March(l've alreadydecidedthis),so
l'll bringyou bacl<some of my mum'sspecial!
(new decision/offer)
This sectionhelpsyou to record and translatesome of the most importantexpressions
from eachunit.lt is alwaysbest to record words in phrases, rather than individualwords.
Sometimesyou can translatevery easily. Sometimesyou will needto thinl<of the equivalent
expressionin your own language. In eachsection,there is spacefor you to add any
connectedexpressions or collocationsyou want to remember.

.ll*.*, .i
"J;." *
"
He'sgot a reallygood senseof humour.
Hel quite conservative.
He'sa bit of a worl<aholic.
Shesa bit on the plumpside.
Het quiteelderlynow
Shecanbe a bit too nicesomeumes.
He looks reallyinteresting.
Hei a roral painin the neck.
She'sextremelyambitious.
He runshis own business.
Sheworl<sin advertising.
He'sunemployedat the moment.
My brother works in lI
Shet a retired doctor.
I do a bir of tempingworl<somecimes.

L J J " ;: d
He'sinfamous.
It cost me an arm anda leg.
We just dont see eyeto eye.
l'm up to my eyesin work.
It's on its last legs.
not as often as lU liketo
not as muchas I usedto
It's better than my lastone.
It wasn'tas good as I remembered.
Cheer up! lt's not the end of the world.
Haven'tyou heard?
It's done a lot of damage.
Oh, I am sorry to hearthat
I'm afraidnot.
smashed
to pieces.

167
 Expression
organiser

, '#m$-*
ffi
I work out a lot.
I reallylovegoinground junk shops.
A coupleof times a year.
How long did it take you to learn?
How much does it usuallycost you?
The thingis,...
pop and R'n'Band that kind of thrng
It's not reallymy cup of tea.
I'm not reallythat keenon clubbing.
What do you feel like doingtonight?
She'sreally into keepingfit.
I usedto, but I grew out of it.
I just lost interestin it after a while.
Oh well,eachto their own.
Itl just one of those things.

Ur,*'td5
I spendmy weekendsmountaineering.
Shespendsa lot of time helpingthe homeless.
ls everythingall rightl
I go ridingwheneverI can.
He committedsuicide.
There'sstill a lot of discrimination.
It's male-dominated.
You'retakinga real risk.
Therersa lot of oppositionto the plan.
I would if I could,but I cant.
I'd quite like to go to the cinematonight.
lf youd rather,wecould always...
I can giveyou a lift, if you want.
I wouldnt do that,if you paid me!
That'd be great.
 Expression
organiser

tu$m$rl.*
S
Why did you decideto do that,then?
How come you decidedto go there,then?
It was a realweightoff my shoulders.
It was total chaos.
I d beenthinkingabout it for ages.
Why on earth did he saythat?
It's a piece of cake.
Itl like gettingblood out of a stone.
It's easiersaidthan done.
I work as a bouncerat weekends.
job.
It'sa very demanding
It was a mutualdecision.
It was a very unpopulardecision.
A friend of mine recommendedit.
Good for you!

iS
fu$r*$r*
It's not allowed.
He wasfined a thousanddollars.
He cant handlethe pressure.
I'm expectinga phonecall.
I didnt want to makea fuss.
It looksfine to me.
Can you watch my bagfor a minute?
I cant see it anywhere.
It was great,much better than I'd expected.
Quiet?lt's dead!
That'sa good question.
I haventreallythoughtabout it.
I'd haveto think aboutthat.
He'sfinallygivenup smoking.
I fed up with doingthe samething everyday.

F 16ei
Expression
organiser

,i-*$ri',i
3
What're you up to this weekendl
I will if I get the chance.
l've got to do somethingsfor school.
It'll be niceto havea lie-in.
I'vegot to catchup with my e-mails.
l'll do it later,I promise.
Tell me about it!
I'm supposedto be goingout tonight, but I
dont reallyfeel like it.
I'vegot somefriendscomingover tonight.
He'sstayingat a friend's.
I'm goingawayfor the weekend.
I'm goingon a guidedwalk.
Ratheryou than me!
Oh well,beggarscant be choosers!

*rri',t*
We're havinga house-warming
party this Friday.
I went to a rave last weekeno.
Theytried to gatecrashour party.
l'll sort out the musicif you sort out the food.
Did you havea hen night?
It reallyruinedthe night.
It led to callsfor tighter laws.
I just couldnt believemy eyes.
I just couldnt makeup my mind.
It nearlyendedin tragedy.
They'revery right-wing.
They cameto power in the last election.
They oughtto ban it.
They reallyneedto crack down on it.
They'verelaxedthe laws a bit.
 Expression
organiser

*s,i'i k
I just had an earlynight.
I didnt know a singlepersonthere.
We had absolutelynothingin common.
I was on the edgeof my seat.
I fell asleephalfwaythrough.
Shegetsvery well-paid.
l'll haveto havea word with my boss.
I bet he doesnt.
Oh, did you?That must'vebeennice.
Oh, are you?Anywhereparticularin mind?
I was so angry,I could'vekilled him!
I was so bored,I walkedout!
You did whct last nightl
You went wherelast night?
I didnt get in until three last night.

'i
*rr,:': *
He lookslike'abit of a nero.
Shelooksa bit dull.
You lool<a bit down.Are you OK?
He! a machoidiot!
I bet he still liveswith his mum.
Shecan be quite unpredictable.
Thatl the worst chat-upline ever.
My parentsdont reallyapproveof her.
How long'veyou two beengoingoutl
Are you pullingmy leg?
It tool<me agesto come to terms with it.
Their marriageis on the rocl<s.
I tend to eat out most nights.
I could'vetold you that.
You should'veknown beccer.

171
Expression
organiser

'&$s*$"*
$.$
Did I ever tell you aboutthe time | . .
I wasjust mindingmy own business,.
..
when all of a sudden
Well,what happenedin the end was . . .
It seemsfunnynow,but it wasnt at the time.
Sorry.I didn't recogniseyou.
I think it's dyed.
He seemslike a reallynice bloke.
It's anotherone of his tall stones.
He smokeslike a chimney.
He was drivinglike a lunatic.
I was so tired, I slept like a log.
I'm dyingfor a coffee.
I'm sickto deathof it.
SheSetsawaywith murder.

#g*$l*-*k
What was I thinkingofl
They must havemoneyto burn.
My dad groundedme for a week.
We stopped off to get somethingto eat.
We broke down on the way there.
We took a wrong turn.
I bumpedinto an old friend of mine.
What a horriblejourney!
I went travellinground Indiafor a year.
I like to travel light.
Shelooks aboutthirty-ish.
It'sjust an urbanmyth.
She'sgot reddish-brownhair.
He was sort of smilingat me.
a hammeror somethinglike that.
 Expression
organiser

'#g*$K
$S
Hello.Longtime,no See!
I haventseenyou for ages.
You haventchangeda bit.
What'veyou beenup to sinceI last sawyou.
He just doesnt get the message.
It was a very controversialfilm.
l've completelyforgottenyour name.
I'vejust had an idea.
Get to the ooint!
I just dont seethe point.
It was the high point of our trip.
I wish youd told me earlier.
I wish I hadnt saidthat.
They hate each other's guts.
We just hit it off at once.

-$&
ffis*${*
I went and sawthis great exhibition.
I prefersculptureto paintings.
It's OK if you'reinto that kind of thing.
It's not worth the entrancefee.
It's a bit too abstractfor me.
I prefer his portraitsto his landscapes.
Would you recommenditl
It causesa lot of problems.
I went to the opera,which was nice.
I've beenmeaningto seethat for ages.
Oh. that remindsme.
ld liketo do that myself.
It'swell worth a visit.
I think it's reallyoffensive.

I It causedoutragein the media.

I
I
I

173
Expression
organiser

'i
*s;i'rl *
What did you think of it?Was it anygood?
It was horrendous!
It was a bit disappointing,
to be honest.
It was nothingspecial.
Didn't you find it a bit over the topl
I foundit a bit bland.
It was reallygood,consideringhow cheapit was.
He'snot exactlyEinstein,
is hel
Dont you think it's a bit over-rated?
I was just deadtired.
It's a bit like skiing,only not as difficult.
It was a bit like his other book,only better.
That must'vebeendreadful.
You must'vebeenreallyannoyed.
You must be exhausted.

*r:i'i I {.,
It'sa cult movie.
It's a typicalHollywoodblockbuster.
some ltalianguy
I cant rememberoff the top of my head.
It's on the tip of my tongue.
It'll cometo me in a minute.
It'sgot subtitles.
They dubbedit into French.
The dialoguewas brilliant.
Whos in it?
The specialeffectswere amazing!
ld neverbeenthere before.
It was the first time lU seenthat kind of thing.
It's meantto be incredible.
I wouldn't have,if it hadnt beenfor you.

l
l
I
 Expression
organiser

*y;i't .; y
Itd be reallygood if they . . .
What would be reallygreatis if they ...
I dont reallyhaveany strongviewson that.
That'sa difficultauestionto answer.
Well, I agreeup to a point,but
It's hardlysurprising,
is itl
They'vepedestrianised
the town centre.
There'sa one-waysystem.
I hadto do a U-turn.
The traffic is a nightmare.
Personally,
I thinl<it's ridiculous.
It's reallygoneto the dogs.
He'sthe blacksheepof the family.
It's a very industrialplace.
The shantytowns are awful!
i
I

i
I
I
I
it
I
I
i
I 'l
i' i.*, i; "# i.F
! ; T;
"J#;:
I dont l<nowhow you put up with it.
They completelymessedit up.
I wish you'd stop goingon about it!
It'sa reallyawfulhairdo.
and then to top the whole thing off
Thatt the lastthing I need!
It'sgood to get thingsoff your chest.
Thingslikethat don't reallybother me.
Oh well,dont let it get you down.
It reallybugsme.
Its a Catch22 situation.
Its just the tip of rhe iceberg.
i
Its a bit of a mixedblessing.
I

i I cant be bothered.
It's no bother at all.Honestly.

175
 Expression
organiser

-$#
&Jr*Ftr
You'resucha pessimist!
That'sa bit optimistic,isnt it?
on the sour of the moment
We're doingour flat up at the moment.
He got reallybadlybeatenup.
Itl badto bottle up your feelings.
What ld reallyliketo do next yearrs...
What I was thinkingof doingis.
l'm happydoingwhat I'm doing.
I just take thingsas they come.
I cant reallysayyet. lt all depends.
I can see myselfgoingabroadone day.
They'vegot reallyhighexpectations.
l'm reallydreadingit.
I wish I didnt haveto. but I do.

'fu$s*$.x
s*'#
I'd hateto be stuck behinda deskall day.
I get a companycar.
I got six months'maternityleave.
I haven'thad a proper contractyet.
At leastyou know your job is secure.
Do you belongto a trade union?
They'vemadea reallygood job of it.
Itt beenreallyhard work.
I've beenrushedoff my feet all week.
It's slave-labour!
He's awful,a real slave-driver.
She'svery domineering.
He's not the most intelligentguy I've ever met.
She'sa reallygood personto work for.
He'salwayson the phoneto his girlfriend..

174 fl6
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