Learner Autonomy
MOTIVATION
Why motivation? Characteristics of
motivated learners
Positive task orientation: the learner is willing to
tackle tasks and challenges, and has confidence
in his / her success.
Ego- involvement: the learner finds it important
to succeed in learning in order to maintain and
promote his / her own positive self- image.
Need for achievement: the learner has a need to
achieve, to overcome difficulties and succeed in
what he / she sets out to do.
High aspirations: the leaner is ambitious, goes
for demanding challenges, high proficiency, top
grades
Characteristics of motivated
learners
Goal orientation: the learner is very aware of
the goals of learning and directs his / her
efforts towards achieving them.
Tolerance of ambiguity: the leaner is not
disturbed or frustrated by a temporarily lack
of understanding or confusion. He or she is
confident that understanding will come later.
Different kinds of motivation
Instrumental motivation: the wish to learn the
language for purposes of study or career
promotion.
Integrative motivation: the desire to identify with
and integrate into the target language culture
Extrinsic motivation: motivation that is derived
from external incentives
Intrinsic motivation: the urge to engage in the
learning activity for its own sake.
Different kinds of motivation
(Cont.)
Global motivation: the overall orientation of
the learner towards the learning of L2
Situational motivation: has to do with the
context of learning: classroom, total
environment
Task motivation: the way the learner
approaches the specific task in hand.