Comunicações Móveis

Licenciatura em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Licenciatura em Engenharia Informática e Computação

Mobile Communication Systems: TETRA

Terrestrial Trunked Radio System

Mário Jorge Leitão

Partially adapted with permission from

Mobile Communication: Wireless Telecommunication Systems - Jochen Schiller
http://www.jochenschiller.de

PMR overview
‰ PMR: Private Mobile Radio
‰ cost effective mobile communications for private networks
‰ many specialised facilities not available in public mobile networks
‰ usually stand-alone networks
‰ advanced systems allow interconnection with fixed network (voice/data)
‰ use of VHF/UHF allow good coverage with small antennas

‰ Target users
‰ police forces
‰ fire brigades
‰ emergency health
‰ military forces
‰ transportation fleets: goods, taxi, buses
‰ utilities: electricity, gas, water

Mário Jorge Leitão TETRA 2

 PMR systems

‰ Basic mobile radio systems

‰ simple two-way radio without base stations
‰ users within range of each other
‰ fixed frequency assignment (sometimes manually selectable)
‰ usually no privacy

‰ Advanced mobile radio systems

‰ cellular network architecture - trunked systems
‰ secure communications
‰ efficient use of frequency spectrum
‰ possibility of shared resources - PAMR: Public Access Mobile Radio
‰ examples of technologies: TETRA / TETRAPOL

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PMR special requirements (I)

‰ Reliability
‰ high service availability
‰ minimum service still possible in case of large breakdown

‰ Centralised / Decentralised operation

‰ central dispatch point to organise users
‰ possibility of direct mode operation (without central control or any
infrastructure al all)

‰ Various types of call

‰ point-to-point (single user to single user)
‰ group (pre-defined number of users)
‰ broadcast (all users in the network; all users in a selected area)

Mário Jorge Leitão TETRA 4

 PMR special requirements (II)

‰ Call set-up
‰ sub-second call set-up time
‰ PTT - Press To Talk operation
‰ usually no need for action to answer

‰ Security
‰ increased security
‰ possibility of end to end encryption

‰ Call priorities
‰ classes of users with higher priority
‰ urgent calls may be able to pre-empt other call types

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PMR configurations (I)

‰ Trunked mode operation with dispatch

mobile 2
Police

mobile 1

control station
base station
with dispatcher
mobile 3

‰ Repeater operation (e.g. vehicle mounted)

Police

mobile 1 mobile 2 / repeater base station

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 PMR configurations (II)

‰ Basic Direct Mode Operation (DMO)

mobile 1 mobile 2

‰ Repeater DMO

mobile 2

mobile 1

repeater
mobile 3

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TETRA overview

‰ ETSI standard
‰ formerly: Trans European Trunked Radio
‰ now: Terrestrial Trunked Radio System

‰ Main parameters
Parameter Value

Frequency bands Several bands 380 - 460 MHz

Carrier spacing 25 kHz

Duplex method FDD

Modulation QPSK

Carrier data rate 36 kbit/s

Access method TDMA with 4 slots per carrier

User data rate 7.2 kbit/s per time slot (unprotected)

Voice coder rate ACELP (4.56 kbit/s net, 7.2 kbit/s gross)

Mário Jorge Leitão TETRA 8

 TETRA TDMA

‰ TDMA structure - Voice+Data (V+D) mode

hyperframe
0 1 2 ... 57 58 59 61.2 s

multiframe
0 1 2 ... 15 16 17 1.02 s

CF
frame
0 1 2 3 170/3 = 56.67 ms Control Frame

Radio interface bit rate

slot 170/12 = 14.167 ms 510 bits / 14.167 ms = 36 kbit/s
0 509

432 user data bits User gross bit rate

17 frames x 432 bits / 1.02 s = 7.2kbit/s

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TETRA services

‰ Basic services
Short Data
Circuit mode data Packet mode data
Service (SDS)
1 slot 2 slot 3 slot 4 slot
Modes
Connection Up to 254
2.4 kbit/s 4.8 kbit/s 7.2 kbit/s 9.6 kbit/s Connectionless
oriented characters
4.8 kbit/s 9.6 kbit/s 14.4 kbit/s 19.2 kbit/s
7.2 kbit/s 14.4 kbit/s 21.6 kbit/s 28.8 kbit/s

Trunked Mode • • • • • • •
Direct mode • •

Note: data rates apply for high protection, low protection and no protectgin

‰ Speech services - clear / encrypted

‰ individual call (point-to-point)
‰ group call (point-to-multipoint)
‰ broadcast call

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 TETRA terminals

Vehicular terminal Portable terminals

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