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Inconel Alloy 617 PDF
Inconel Alloy 617 PDF
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INCONEL® alloy 617 (UNS N06617/W.Nr. 2.4663a) is Table 1 - Limiting Chemical Composition, %,
a solid-solution, strengthened, nickel-chromium-cobalt- of INCONEL alloy 617
molybdenum alloy with an exceptional combination of Nickel ...........................................................................44.5 min.
high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance.
Chromium....................................................................20.0-24.0
The alloy also has excellent resistance to a wide range
Cobalt..........................................................................10.0-15.0
of corrosive environments, and it is readily formed and
welded by conventional techniques. Molybdenum .................................................................8.0-10.0
The limiting chemical composition of INCONEL Aluminum ........................................................................0.8-1.5
alloy 617 is listed in Table 1. The high nickel and Carbon ........................................................................0.05-0.15
chromium contents make the alloy resistant to a variety Iron................................................................................3.0 max.
of both reducing and oxidizing media. The aluminum, Manganese ...................................................................1.0 max.
in conjunction with the chromium, provides oxidation Silicon ...........................................................................1.0 max.
resistance at high temperatures. Solid-solution Sulfur ........................................................................0.015 max.
®
(SI). The SI unit of stress is the pascal (Pa), which is ohm-circ mil/ft ............................................736
equivalent to newton per square metre. The µΩ-m .........................................................1.22
approximate relationship between the pascal and the
pound per square inch (psi) is 1 Pa = 0.0001450 psi, or
1 psi = 6895 Pa.
Mechanical Properties
INCONEL alloy 617 has high mechanical properties over a broad range of temperatures. One of the alloy’s outstanding
characteristics is the strength level it maintains at elevated temperatures. The resistance of the alloy to high-temperature
corrosion enhances the usefulness of its strength.
2
INCONEL ® alloy 617
Temperature, °C Temperature, °C
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
120 120
800 800
110 110
Elongation, %
90 Tensile Strength 90
600 600
80 Tensile Strength
80
500 500
Stress,, MPa
Stress, MPa
70 Elongation 70
Elongation
60 400 60 400
50 Yield Strength 50
(0.2% Offset) 300 300
40 40
30 30
Stress, ksi
20 20 (0.2% Offset)
100 100
10 10
0 0 0 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Temperature, °F Temperature, °F
Figure 1. High-temperature tensile properties of solution- Figure 2. High-temperature tensile properties of solution-
annealed, hot-rolled rod. annealed, cold-rolled sheet.
3
INCONEL ® alloy 617
80 Temperature, °C
500 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
70
Room 1.2
Stress, MPa
Stress, ksi
50 Longitudinal
0.8
300
40
Welded Joint,
1600°F (870°C)
0.6 Transverse
30
200
0.4
20
10 100 0.2
LCF C o n s i d e r a t i o n s
The development of alloy 617 centered on the desire for maximum creep strength at elevated temperatures. Solution annealing
temperatures were selected to provide the coarse grains necessary for the best high temperature creep resistance. In recent
years, designers of turbine hot gas path structures have realized the need for optimization of both low cycle fatigue (LCF)
strength as well as creep. A development program was initiated to achieve this optimization. The results of the program are
detailed in Reference 1.
Tension-tension axial load controlled LCF test data acquired at 1100°F (593°C) and 1400°F (760°C) are shown in
Figure 5 and Table 6. The improvement in LCF performance with ASTM grain sizes of 4 and 5 is significant. After extensive
thermomechanical processing experimentation, a controlled practice was developed which restricts the grain size of
production plate to ASTM 3 to 6. Slight alloy composition modifications permit better grain size control and improved stress
rupture properties. The combination of alloy composition optimization and closely controlled thermomechanical processing
results in an alloy which demonstrates much improved LCF performance with little or no loss of creep resistance in
comparison with coarse grain material. The improved LCF performance extends to higher temperatures as well, as shown in
Figure 6.
Figure 5. Effect of grain size on the tension-tension axial stress Figure 6. Effect of temperature on the tension-tension axial stress
controlled LCF properties of alloy 617 (R=0.1). controlled fatigue strength of alloy 617 (R=0.1).
4
INCONEL ® alloy 617
Room
Table 6 - Effect of grain size on the temp
0.01
tension-tension axial stress controlled
LCF properties of alloy 617 at 760°C Tension-Tension 1000°F
(1400°F) Axial Stress 1600°F
0.001
Alloy 617 ASTM G. S. 34.5-413.7 MPa (5-60 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
Heat Number Size No. ksi) Cycles to failure
Cycles to Failure, Nf
XX0023UK 2.5 500
XX0015UK 5.0 64,391
Figure 6a. Axial low-cycle fatigue testing of INCONEL alloy 617
XX0005UK 9.5 93,440
sheet. R=1, frequency=30 cpm
5
INCONEL ® alloy 617
100 700
1100°F (595°C)
)
1200°F (650°C
) 100
1400°F (760°C
10
Stress, ksi
70°C)
1600°F (8
Stress, MPa
°C)
F (980
1800°
10
1
C)
(1095°
2000°F
Bar
Sheet
Tube, Cold Drawn 1
Tube, Extruded
0.1
0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
Creep Rate, %/h
100 700
10
1
Bar
Sheet
Tube, Cold Drawn 1
Tube, Extruded
0.1
1 10 100 1000 10 000 100 000
Rupture Life, h
Figure 8. Rupture strength of solution-annealed INCONEL alloy 617. Arrows denote tests discontinued
before fracture.
6
INCONEL ® alloy 617
+100 +25
INCONEL
-300 -75
INCONEL
alloy 600
-400 INCOLOY
-100 alloy 800H
-500
-125
-600
-150
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0 100 200 300 400 500
Cyclic Exposure Time, h
Exposure Time, h
Figure 9. Resistance to cyclic oxidation at 2000°F (1095°C).
Cycles consisted of 15 minutes heating and 5 minutes cooling in Figure 10. Resistance to cyclic oxidation at 2100°F (1150°C).
air. Samples were exposed to temperature in 50-h cycles.
1.5
1 INCONEL alloy 617
Mass Change, mg/cm2
Exposure Time, h
20
Alloy X
Mass Change, mg/cm2
Alloy 230
15 INCONEL alloy 617 Figure 12. Carburization resistance of heat-
resistant alloys at 1832°F (1000°C). Samples
10 were exposed to H2-5.5% CO2-4.5% CH4.
Alloy 188
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Exposure Time, h
7
INCONEL ® alloy 617
Allowable design stresses for Temperature, °F Allowable Stress, ksi Allowable Stress, ksi
INCONEL alloy 617 products are 1000 15.5 20.9
found in Table 1B of Section II, 1050 15.4 20.9
Part D of the ASME Boiler and
1100 15.4 20.9
Pressure Vessel Code. Alloy 617 is
one of the few materials covered by 1150 15.3 19.0
the ASME Code with design 1200 15.3 15.6
stresses up to 1800°F. Allowable 1250 14.5 12.9
design stresses from the 2005 1300 11.2 10.6
edition for the common
1350 8.7 8.5
temperatures of application are
compared with those for UNS 1400 6.6 6.7
N06230 in Table 8. It is seen that 1450 5.1 5.3
alloy 617 permits increasingly 1500 3.9 4.1
higher design stresses over UNS 1550 3.0 2.9
N06230 as temperature increases in 1600 2.3 2.1
the range where these alloys are
1650 1.8 1.5
typically employed.
1700 1.4 1.1
1750 1.1 0.70
1800 0.73 0.45
Corrosion Resistance
The composition of INCONEL alloy 617 includes
elevated temperatures, those elements cause the formation of
substantial amounts of nickel, chromium, and aluminum for
a thin, subsurface zone of oxide particles. The zone forms
a high degree of resistance to oxidation and carburization at
rapidly upon exposure to high temperatures until it reaches a
high temperatures. Those elements, along with the
thickness of 0.001 to 0.002 in. (0.025 to 0.05 mm). The
molybdenum content, also enable the alloy to withstand
oxide zone provides the proper diffusion conditions for the
many wet corrosive environments.
formation of a protective chromium oxide layer on the
Oxidation and Carburization surface of the metal. It also helps to prevent spalling of the
protective layer.
The resistance of INCONEL alloy 617 to cyclic oxidation at INCONEL alloy 617 has excellent resistance to
2000°F (1095°C) is shown in Figure 9. The tests were carburization. Table 9 compares alloy 617 and some other
performed on specimens of thin strip and consisted of cycles carburization-resistant alloys in a gaseous carburizing
of exposure to temperature for 15 minutes followed by environment at 2000°F (1095°C). The weight-gain
cooling in still air for 5 minutes. The results demonstrate the measurements indicate the amount of carbon absorbed
ability of the alloy to form and retain a protective surface during the test period. Table 10 shows the superiority of
oxide under conditions of extremely severe thermal cycling. alloy 617 over alloys of similar strength in a gas-
The results of a similar test at 2100°F (1150°C) are shown in carburization test at 1800°F (980°C).
Figure 10. The specimens of thin strip were exposed to the
test temperature in 50-hour cycles with weight loss Aqueous Corrosion
determined after each cycle. The resistance of alloy 617 and While alloy 617 exhibits excellent resistance to aqueous
other high strength, heat-resistant alloys to static oxidation corrosion by many media, the alloy is normally only used at
in moist air at 1832°F (1000°C) is shown in Figure 11. high temperatures. For information about the resistance of
The excellent resistance of alloy 617 to oxidation results alloy 617 in specific wet environments, visit the website,
from the alloy’s chromium and aluminum contents. At www.specialmetals.com.
8
INCONEL ® alloy 617
Table 9-Results of 25-h Carburization Tests in Hydrogen/2% conventional procedures although its work-hardening rate,
Methane at 2000°F (1095°C) shown in Figure 13, is high. For best results, the alloy
should be cold formed in the fine-grain condition, and
Material Weight Gain, g/m2 frequent intermediate anneals should be used. Annealing for
Alloy 617 10 cold forming should be done at 1900°F (1040°C).
Alloy 600 28 Further information on general hot-forming and cold-
Alloy 625 37 forming can be obtained from Special Metals.
Alloy 800 53
Alloy X 71
Heat Treatment
Table 10-Results of 100-h Carburization Tests in Hydrogen/2%
Methane at 1800°F (980°C) INCONEL alloy 617 is normally used in the solution-
annealed condition. That condition provides a coarse grain
Material Weight Gain, g/m2 structure for the best creep-rupture strength. It also provides
Alloy 617 35 the best bend ductility at room temperature. Solution
Alloy 263 82
annealing is performed at a temperature of 2150°F (1175°C)
for a time commensurate with section size. Cooling should
Alloy 188 86
be by water quenching or rapid air cooling.
Alloy L-605 138
Machining
Fabrication
Information on machining of alloy 617 can be obtained from
INCONEL alloy 617 has good fabricability. Forming, Special Metals. Cutting tools should be sharp and have
machining, and welding are carried out by standard positive rake angles to minimize work hardening of the
procedures for nickel alloys. Techniques and equipment for material. Cutting feed and depth of cut must be sufficient to
some operations may be influenced by the alloy’s strength prevent burnishing of the workpiece surface. Additional
and work-hardening rate. Information on fabricating is information on machining is available in the Special Metals
available in the Special Metals publication “Fabricating” on publication ‘Machining’ on the company website,
the website, www.specialmetals.com. www.specialmetals.com.
9
INCONEL ® alloy 617
500 Temperature, °C
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
120
450 INCONEL 800
alloy 617 110
Diamond Pyramid (Vickers) Hardness Number
Tensile
400 100 700
INCONEL Strength
Elongation, %
alloy 625 4
e 30 90
350 I Typ 600
AIS 600
alloy 80
NEL
300 INCO 500
Stress, MPa
70 Yield Strength
400
lloy (0.2% Offset)
O N EL a 60
250 M 400
50
teel
Stress, ksi
200 Mild S 300
40
Elongation
150 30 200
Copper 20
100 100
10
0 0
50 Aluminum 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Temperature, °F
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Figure 14. High-temperature tensile properties
Cold Reduction, %
of all-weld metal specimens from gas-metal-
Figure 13. Effect of cold reduction on hardness. arc welds made with INCONEL Filler Metal 617.
100
700
1200°F (650°C)
1400°F (760
°C)
Stress, MPa
Stress, ksi
100
10 1600°F (8
70°C)
1800°F (980
°C)
Gas Metal Arc, Transverse
Gas Metal Arc, All Weld Metal
Gas Tungsten Arc, Transverse 10
Base Metal, Solution Annealed
1
10 100 1000 10 000
Rupture Life, h
Figure 15. Rupture-strength comparison for base metal and joints welded with INCONEL Filler Metal 617.
LCF Fabrication Considerations forming process. The data (Figure 16) show that a re-
It has been shown that small residual amounts of cold work, solution anneal of 2050°F (1121°C) followed by air cooling
such as that which results from even mild forming is optimum for achieving recrystallization of the cold
operations, can have a pronounced effect on the creep or worked structure while not promoting grain growth in areas
rupture performance of superalloys, including alloy 6172. that received little or no cold work. Subsequent tests on
While re-solution annealing at 2150°F (1177°C) followed by production components have confirmed the appropriateness
water quenching would remove the effects of cold work and of this re-solution annealing treatment.3
restore creep properties, laboratory and production data Based on these considerations the following
show that a re-anneal at this temperature would result in recommendations are suggested: beginning with mill
grain coarsening and thereby reduce LCF performance. solution annealed material (2150°F [1177°C], water
Lower annealing temperatures were investigated on samples quench), cold form, weld and re-solution anneal at 2050°F
cold worked 10 and 20%. Samples of as solution annealed (1121°C) followed by air-cooling. An acceptable alternative
material were included in the investigation, as some areas of procedure, if the fabrication is too large to re-anneal as an
complex shapes receive essentially no cold work in the part assembly, would be to re-solution anneal the individual
pieces after forming but before assembly (welding).
10
INCONEL ® alloy 617
References
1. G.D. Smith and D.H. Yates, “Optimization of the Fatigue Properties of INCONEL alloy 617”, Paper No. 91-GT-161
ASME International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition, Orlando, FL (1991).
2. H.-J. Breuer, H. Breitling, W. Dietz, “Internal Pressure Experiments on Heat-Exchanger Tubes made from
NiCr22Co12Mo at 950°C”, 8th Meeting on Long Term Behavior of Creep Resistant Steels and High Temperature Materials,
Association for Creep-Resistant Steels and Association for High-Temperature Materials, Duesseldorf (1985).
3. D.H. Yates, P. Ganesan and G.D. Smith, “Recent Advances in the Enhancement of INCONEL alloy 617 Properties to
Meet the Needs of the Gas Turbine Industry”, Advanced Materials and Coatings for Combustion Turbines, Proceedings of
ASM 1993 Materials Congress, Pittsburgh, PA, V.P. Swaminathan and N.S. Chevuru, Editors, pp. 89-97 (1993).
11
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