Review oF Vector ALGEBRA 22.1. VECTORS vector tity having both magnitude and direction such as force, veloci accel 22t0" Ag quantity Raving both magnitude and direction such as force, velocty 222 ADDITION OF VECTORS. Let @ and B be two given vectors 8 OA = a and AB = B then vector OB is called the a sum of @ and D 7 ie ‘Symbolically OA+ AB = OB ° $ . a+b = 8 22.3. RECTANGULAR RESOLUTION OF A VECTOR Let OX, OY, OZ be the three rectangular axes. Let 7}, be three unit vectors and parallel to three axes. U GP = andshecoardmatesot Pte ya) foes Os = x1, OB=yj and OC = 2h Ob = OF +F = OP = Chsatysi = OP = 04+0B+00 Posxdayj eek = OP = OF + FP = (OA? + AF?) + FP? = OA? + OBF+ OC =x 4 fs 2 y= eoe? 224 UNIT VECTOR: Let a vector be x? + yj + 2k xisyj+ek Payal Payee’ Unit vector = 512Review of Vector Algebra 513 Example 1. If @ and B be two unit vectors and be the angle beteeen them, then find the value of a such that a@ + B is a unit vector. (Nagpur, University, Winter 2001) Solution-Let Gj = #1 bea unit vector and a = B is another unit vector and a be the angle between @ and b If OB = ¢ = a + B isalsoa unit vector then, we have JOA, =1 z 8 job] = 1 108 ° 5 8 OAB is an equilateral triangle. 33 Hence each angle of & OAB is © Ans 225 POSITION VECTOR OF A POINT The position vector of a point A with respect to origin O is the vector G4 which is used to specify the position of A wart: O. To find AB if the position vectors of the point A and point B are given. If the position vectors of A and Bare @ and B. Let the origin be O. Then OA = a, OB=8 8G OA+ AB = OB 4B = OB-OA = ie=3-2 ° A@ Ais = Postion vetor of B Postion veel of A Example 2. fA and 8 we G43) and (6,8, find AB. Solution. AB = Position vector of B ~ Position vector of A (61 +8) +98) -(G1 +4) +58) aisajeak ro 228 RATIO FORMULA ‘To find the position vector of the point which divides the line joining two given points. Let A and B be two points and a point C di Let O be the origin, then nen ®) = 4 ~ A a= 7, and Ob a Ge = Gas it = Oke dp (s4c= Bao a+ (B-@) (AB 3 ides AB in the ratio of m:n men514 Higher Engineering Mathematics » mb+ne OC = nen Cor. If m =n = 1, then C will be the mid-point, and » a+8 Se 22.7 PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS ‘The product of two vectors results in two different ways, the one is a number and the other is vector. So, there are two types of product of two vectors, namely scalar product and vector product. They are waitien 8 2.8 and 2x8. 228 SCALAR, OR DOT PRODUCT 18) cos 8 ie, scalar where 0 is the angle between @ and b Symbolically, @ ,§ = |al|b|cos 0 Due to a dot between @ and j this product is also called dot product. 8 The scalar product is commutative To Prove. au . Pro! [é||2| cos (-0) = [alléleos ° ad Proved. Geometrical interpretation. The scalar product of two vectors is the product of one vector and the length of the projection of the other in te direction ofthe Bs La OA = and Ob =3 then @.B = A). (OB) cos 0 OA .OB a = 0A.ON th of @) (projection of B along @) 220 useruL nesute"" % “) (Ph 7.7 = (1) () cos 0% =1 Similarly, j.j = (1) (2) cos 90° = 0 Similarly, }.& = 0, Note. Ifthe dot product of two vectors is zero then vectors are prependicular to each other 22.10 WORK DONE AS A SCALAR PRODUCT F Ifa constant force F acting on a particle displaces it fom A to B then, Work done = (component of F along AB). Displacement F cos 0. AB EAB Force . Displacement] [Work done