2013 Carver Village Survey Report

Historic Resources Survey
Carver Heights/Carver Village, Savannah, Georgia

National Register Multiple Resource Area
Sponsored by the:
City of Savannah
and the
Historic Preservation Division
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Prepared by:
Greenhouse CONSULTANTS incorporated
6110 River Chase Circle
Atlanta, Georgia 30328
(770) 988-9091, Fax (770) 988-9093
August 2013
City of Savannah, Georgia
Stephanie Cutter, City Manager
Dyanne Reese, City Clerk
Metropolitan Planning Commission

Leah G. Michalak, Historic Preservation Planner
Ellen I. Harris, AICP, LEED AP,
Director of Urban Planning and Historic Preservation
Greenhouse CONSULTANTSincorporated
Catherine Wilson-Martin, Preservation Planner
and Principal Author
Barry D. Greenhouse, Project Principal
G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

Carver Heights/Carver Village
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This report is prepared in compliance with the Georgia Historic Resources Survey
Manual. The following statement is presented in compliance with the Consultant
Agreement with the City of Savannah.
The City of Savannah Carver Heights/Carver Village Survey of Historic Resources

has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S.
Department of the Interior, through the Historic Preservation Division of the
Georgia Department of Natural Resources. However, the contents, opinions, and
recommendations expressed in the City of Savannah Carver Heights/Carver Village
Survey of Historic Resources do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the
Department of the Interior or the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, nor
does the mention of trade names, commercial products, or consultants constitute
endorsement or recommendation by these agencies. This program receives Federal
financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of
1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of
the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age,
gender, or disability in its Federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been
discriminated against in any program activity, or facility as described above, or if you
desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, National
Park Service, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20240.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROJECT DESCRIPTION Page 8

SURVEY METHODOLOGIES 9
PREVIOUS SURVEYS 9
HISTORY of CARVER HEIGHTS/CARVER VILLAGE 10
Early 1900 Savannah Housing Development 10
Carver Village 12
Surrounding Area 30
Flatman Village 30
Springfield Terrace 32
Carver Village to Carver Heights 34
ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTIONS 35
House Types 36
American Small House 36
Ranch House 47
Bungalow 53
House Styles 57
Colonial Revival 57
English Vernacular Revival 58
Craftsman 60
Other Buildings 61
Multiple Unit Dwellings 61
Non-Residential Vernacular 62
Commercial 62
Multiple Retail - Block Strip 62
Single Retail - Block Two-Part 62
Churches 64
Front Gable Church 64
Central Tower Church 65
Utility Structure 66
Sites 67

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LEVEL OF INTEGRITY 68
CONDITION OF BUILDINGS 70
SURVEY RESULTS 71
Landmarks 71
Individual Buildings 72
Districts 72
ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSES 73
Period of Development 75
Post World War II: 1948 to the Present 75
NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBILITY 76
Carver Village Historic District 76
RECOMMENDATIONS 78
BIBLIOGRAPHY 80
APPENDIX A:
National Register of Historic Places Criteria for Evaluation 85
APPENDIX B:
State Historic Preservation Office Evaluations 87
APPENDIX C:
Integrity Evaluation 88
APPENDIX D:
Properties Now Destroyed 104

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LIST OF MAPS, FIGURES, PHOTOGRAPHS
Maps Page
Map #1, Map of Coleraine Tweedside Plantation 13

Map #2, Blun Farm Land 14
Map #3a, Carver Village Plat 16
Map #3b, Carver Village Plat 17
Map #4, Carver Village Phases of Development 22
Map #5, Carver Village 1955 25
Map #6, Flatman Village 31
Map #7, Proposed Historic District Boundaries 77
Figures Page
Figure #1, Cletus W. Bergen, Floor Plan for a Carver Village House 18
Figure #2, Cletus W. Bergen, Front Elevation Carver Village House 18
Figure #3, Carver Village 19
Figure #4, Flooded Streets of Carver Village 27
Figure #5, “Basic” Floor Plan 37
Figure #6, Floor Plan Designed by Cletus W. Bergen 43
Figure #7, Floor Plan for Compact Ranch House Varieties 48
Figure #8, Floor Plan for Bungalow Ranch House Varieties 49
Figure #9, Floor Plan for Linear Ranch House Varieties 51
Figure #10, Floor Plan for Half-Courtyard Ranch House Varieties 52
Figure #11, Floor Plan for the Hip Roof Bungalow Varieties 54
Figure #12, Floor Plan for the Front-Gabled Bungalow Varieties 55
Figure #13, Floor Plan for the Side-Gabled Bungalow Varieties 56

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Photographs Page
Photo #1, Side-Gabled American Small House 38
Photo #2, Gable-on-Hip American Small House 39
Photo #3, Hip Roof American Small House 39
Photo #4, Cross-Gabled American Small House 40
Photo #5, Front-Gabled American Small House 40
Photo #6, Front Facing Gable-on-Hip American Small House 41
Photo #7, Pipe Porch Post 41
Photo #8, Pipe Trellis Porch Post 42
Photo #9, English Vernacular Revival Designed by Cletus W. Bergen 43
Photo #10, Decorative Porch Post 46
Photo #11, Concrete Block Porch Post 46
Photo #12, Compact Ranch House 48
Photo #13, Bungalow Ranch House 49
Photo #14, Linear Ranch House 51
Photo #15, Half-Courtyard Ranch House 52
Photo #16, Hip Roof Bungalow 54
Photo #17, Front-Gabled Bungalow 55
Photo #18, Side-Gabled Bungalow 56
Photo #19, Colonial Revival Style 59
Photo #20, English Vernacular Revival Style 59
Photo #21, Craftsman Style 60
Photo #22, Duplex Apartment 61
Photo #23, Multiple Retail - Block Strip 63
Photo #24, Single Retail - Block Two-Part 63
Photo #25, Front Gable Church 64
Photo #26, Central Tower Church 65
Photo #27, Utility Structure 66
Photo #28, Site - Bowden Park 67

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Carver Heights/Carver Village, Georgia Historic Resource Survey of 2012-2013

covers part of the Carver Heights/Carver Village neighborhood on the west side of
Savannah, Georgia. Boundaries for the survey area are Allen Avenue to the east;
West Gwinnett Street to the north; Collat Avenue, Endley Street, and the north
property lines along Dell Street to the west; and the south property lines along Agate
Street and Blun Avenue to the south.
The purpose of the survey is to assess the historic resources for possible listing in the
National Register of Historic Places, as a historic district, and to identify boundaries
of the potential historic district. This survey evaluated 508 resources within the
Carver Heights/Carver Village neighborhood dating from 1948 through 1972 to
assess the historic integrity and significance to the neighborhood, the City of
Savannah, and the United States. These resources included houses, commercial
buildings, churches, a structure, and two sites. In addition, a preliminary-level survey
was conducted for the remaining Carver Heights/Carver Village neighborhood to
identify resources for future study. The survey fieldwork and report were completed
by Catherine Wilson-Martin, Preservation Planner, as the principal surveyor for
Greenhouse Consultants Inc.
The City of Savannah, Georgia and the Historic Preservation Division of the Georgia
Department of Natural Resources sponsored this survey. This Survey of Historic
Resources has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park
Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, through the Historic Preservation Division
of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. This survey followed standards set
forth by the Historic Preservation Division in the Georgia Historic Resources Survey
Manual. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Historic Preservation
Division, Georgia Natural, Archaeological and Historic Resources Geographical
Information Systems (GNAHRGIS) on line database was used to document and
record the historic resources.

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SURVEY METHODOLOGIES
The Carver Heights/Carver Village survey began in November 2012. Each resource
was evaluated during a comprehensive field survey. A minimum of two photographs
were taken of each resource. Descriptive and historic information and photographs
have been entered into the GNAHRGIS on line data base provided by the Georgia
Department of Natural Resources, Historic Preservation Division. The GNAHRGIS
resource identification numbers have been keyed to a map to show the location of
each surveyed historic resource.
Further study of the survey information was used to provide an architectural analysis
of the historic resources and the neighborhood. Historic research was completed to
provide a developmental history of Carver Heights/Carver Village over time and how
it reflects aspects of the history of the City of Savannah, the State of Georgia and the
history of the United States. Resources used for this report and survey included:
Live Oak Public Library, Georgia Historical Society, the City of Savannah Council
Minutes, the City of Savannah Research Library & Municipal Archives, Chatham
County Deeds, Chatham County Board of Assessors property records, and interviews
with residents and owners. In addition, research conducted by several community
residents was used to document the history of the community.
Additional research is necessary, on a house-by-house basis, to establish the historic

significance of individual properties.
PREVIOUS SURVEYS
No known previous surveys or other preservation projects have been conducted for
the Carver Heights/Carver Village neighborhood.

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HISTORY of CARVER HEIGHTS/CARVER VILLAGE
The city of Savannah was founded in 1733 by James Edward Oglethorpe. The town
was the first British colonial community developed in the Georgia colony. The
Oglethorpe plan for the city is a distinctive arrangement of squares or open spaces,
and gridiron streets. The original Oglethorpe plan was first extended to the east. The
number of squares increased from four to twelve by 1799. Beginning in the 1750s,
large plantations were created in the area to the west and south of Savannah, outside
the common lands that were still under the control of city officials. The remaining
common lands were developed by 1855, using the Oglethorpe town plan. At this
time there were twenty-four squares, all built using the original plan. The gridiron
street pattern continued to dominate residential development primarily to the south
and east of the town through the Victorian era and until World War II. Marine
interests developed to the east of Savannah, and to the west, railroads and industrial
facilities dominated. During World War II, a military complex, Hunter Army Airfield,
was built on a large tract of land southwest of Savannah. Temporary housing grew
around this facility. After World War II, development primarily extended southward.
Early 1900 Savannah Housing Development
During The Great Depression and the war years, the Savannah housing stock went
into a slow decline. The depressed economy, followed by scarcity of raw materials
during the war, resulted in a severe housing shortage. Few new houses were built and
the existing housing stock fell into disrepair. Many large homes were divided into
boarding houses with multiple families living in one house using a shared bathroom.
Other housing, especially in the African American neighborhoods, was in deplorable
condition. “In 1940 the Census of Housing General Characteristics Summary stated
that: 72 percent of African-American households lacked significant plumbing
facilities, three-quarters of African-American households were without running water,
flush toilet, bathtub, shower, or lacked any combination of these.”1 In addition, “42
percent of African-American renters were living in overcrowded conditions.” 2
1 Keilah M. Spann. “Striving for Quality: A Case Study of the Carver Village Community.” Chatham County
Savannah, GA: Metropolitan Planning Commission, date unknown, p. 6.

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In 1934, the Federal Government made an effort to alleviate the housing crises
throughout the country by creating the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) to
insure bank and mortgage loans, assuring lending institutions that loans for home
purchase and construction would not be lost if a borrower could not repay that loan.
The FHA created guidelines and regulations for these loans that allowed a small down
payment and affordable monthly debt repayment. In 1940, FHA launched a special
program to encourage home ownership among families with annual incomes of
$2,500, sufficient to own a home on a budget of $25 a month.3 The FHA also
established a standard template for the evaluation of neighborhood plans submitted
by developers. This template evaluated everything from room layout, land use, street
patterns, and traffic flow. Private builders and developers who followed the FHA
guidelines secured guaranteed mortgages and construction financing.4 “After World
War II the FHA helped finance homes for returning veterans and families of
soldiers.”5
The housing development of Savannah went through radical changes after World
War II. In 1945, 1946, and 1947, Savannah embarked upon a major slum clearance
program. Temporary military housing, as well as substandard housing, was razed.
Afterwards, the housing shortage was so severe that an article in the Savannah Morning
News quoted a report from the Housing Authority of Savannah stating: “there is today
not one unoccupied standard home in Savannah. Should any family want to move
the choice would lie among 35 vacant substandard homes.”6
In 1945, the State of Georgia requested $41,253,000 from the Federal Public Housing
Authority for the construction of low-rent dwellings. Of this, $7,600,000 was for
Savannah, second only to Atlanta. At that time, wartime restrictions on construction
were still in place. The $7,600,000 was estimated to construct approximately 17.3%
of the needed housing in Savannah. The remaining 82.7% would be addressed when
the restrictions were lifted and funds were available. It was not until circa 1946-1947
that Savannah began to embark upon major housing construction.
3 Donald Albrecht, ed. World War II and the American Dream. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The National
Building Museum and The MIT Press, 1995, p. 151.
4 Donald Albrecht, ed. World War II and the American Dream. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The National
Building Museum and The MIT Press, 1995, p. 149.
5 “Federal Housing Administration.” Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Federal_Housing_Administration,
modified 16 March 2013.
6 “Lack of Homes Shown In Report.” Savannah Morning News. February 15, 1946, p. 18.

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Carver Village
In the mid-eighteenth century, the land on the west side of Savannah (south of West
Gwinnett Street) was rice plantations. From 1753 to 1767, this land was the
Coleraine Plantation7 (see Map #1, next page). The plantation was divided into
Upper Kincaid and Lower Kincaid Plantations, circa 1767.8 Lower Kincaid
Plantation was on the south side of West Gwinnett Street. Sometime after the
Coleraine Plantation was subdivided in 1767 the property became the Sloper Tything
farm (date unknown). This property remained agricultural in nature until the mid
1900s. Much of this was later owned by the Blun family from the 1880s (see Map
#2) until 1944. It was known as the Red Gate Dairy Farm in the early 1900s.9 The
land was annexed into the city limits in 194510 when the city increased its boundaries
by 40 percent.11 The Blun farm land was then marked for development.
7 “Carver Heights: A History.” Compiled by, Carver Heights Oral History Committee, Metropolitan Planning
Commission, Chatham County Savannah, GA. 1997, p.1.
Commission, Chatham County Savannah, GA. 1997, p. 1.
9 “Carver Heights: A History.” Compiled by Carver Heights Oral History Committee, Metropolitan Planning
10 Georgia Historical Society. “The City of Savannah and Vicinity 1945.” Savannah, GA: Map Adopted by
Council and Mayor Thomas Gamble, September 20, 1945.
11 “1945 Map of City Covers New Wards.” Savannah Morning News. October 24, 1945, p. 14.

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Map #1 - Map of Coleraine Tweedside Plantation
“Heights: A History.” Compiled by, Carver Heights Oral History Committee,
Metropolitan Planning Commission, Chatham County Savannah, GA 1997

Page 13
Map #2 - Blun Farm Land
Map of the City of Savannah and Vicinity 1888, Warring Maps vol. II, plate 34,
Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, GA

Page 14
The subdivision plan for Carver Village was conceived and planned at a time when
the general public, the FHA, and local governments still followed official and
unofficial rules of racial segregation. The development of this subdivision required
the FHA to put aside its standard “redlining” guidelines. Redlining was a practice the
FHA initiated in the late 1930s to steer private mortgage investors away from minority
areas.12 The FHA also had to change its common procedure of rejecting mortgage
insurance for loans to minorities. Progressive steps were taken when the FHA began
working with local businessmen and authorities to develop plans for the Carver
Village Subdivision.
Carver Village, a “low cost negro housing development,” was expected to cost more
that $2,500,000.13 The preparatory work for the Carver Village Subdivision began in
1947. The Thomas & Hutton Engineering Company, a local firm still in existence,
prepared a subdivision plan for Carver Village circa 1947 (see Map #3a and Map
#3b). The plan was approved by the City of Savannah Planning Board on December
19, 1947, and approved by the Mayor and Alderman of the City of Savannah on
January 9, 1948.14 The Carver Village Subdivision plan was to include approximately
600 buildings and two parks. The design for the houses to be built in Carver Village
was determined by a design competition. On December 15, 1947 Cletus W. Bergen,
a prominent Savannah architect, finalized his entry. It was his design that was chosen
for the Carver Village Colored Housing Development15 (see Figure #1 and Figure
#2).
The Carver Village Exclusive Colored Housing Development (see Figure #3)
received enthusiastic support from community leaders of both races, as well as
government officials. The City of Savannah took extra steps to show support for the
project when the Mayor and Aldermen approved the construction of roads, drainage,
and water and sewer mains at the City’s expense. This approval occurred at the same
time the subdivision plan was approved, allowing the bidding process for paving and
utilities to begin immediately.
12 “Federal Housing Administration.” wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Federal_Housing_Administration,

modified 16, March 2013, p.4.
13 “Work Begins in Two Weeks On 600 Homes for Colored.” Savannah Morning News. January 10, 1948, p. 12.
14 City of Savannah, Georgia. Minutes of Council. January 9, 1948-April 21, 1950, p. 8-.
15 Georgia Historical Society. Architectural Drawings Carver Village, Savannah, GA. Cletus W. Bergen A.I.A.
Architect. Dwg #I-1, Comm. No. 524, Dec. 15, 1947.

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Map #3a - Carver Village Plat
Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Map Book A, Page 118

Page 16
Map #3b - Carver Village Plat
Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Map Book A, Page 119

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Figure #1 - Cletus W. Bergen, Floor Plan for a Carver Village House
Georgia Historical Society. Architectural Drawings Carver Village, Savannah, GA
Cletus W. Bergen A.I.A. Architect Dwg. #I-1, Comm. No. 524, Dec. 15, 1947
Figure #2 - Cletus W. Bergen Front Elevation Carver Village House

Georgia Historical Society. Architectural Drawings Carver Village, Savannah, GA
Cletus W. Bergen A.I.A. Architect Dwg. #I-1, Comm. No. 524, Dec. 15, 1947

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Figure #3 - Carver Village
“Carver Heights: A History” Compiled by, Carver Heights Oral History Committee,
Metropolitan Planning Commission, Chatham County Savannah, GA. 1997, cover

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An article in the New York Times, dated June 28, 1948, stated that the name of the
subdivision was chosen to honor George Washington Carver, the noted African
American scientist. On January 9, 1948 the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of
Savannah acknowledged and accepted the dedication of the names for the streets in
the subdivision.16 The chosen names were selected to honor city officials who
worked to make the project come to fruition. Two other subdivision plans were
approved at the same time as Carver Village. These two subdivisions also dedicated
street names to honor council members; however, the city did not accept these
requests, nor did the city assume responsibility for the drainage, sewer or water main
construction.17 By doing so, the council acknowledged the significance of the Carver
Village subdivision to the City of Savannah.
The ten north-to-south streets were initially named: Bowden Street, Carter Street,
Crosby Street, Cubbedge Street, Googe Street, Lynah Street, Porter Street, Sullivan
Street (renamed to Carver Street circa 1967), Wexler Street, Williams Street (renamed
to Carroll Street circa 1960), and Collate Avenue. The east-to-west streets were first
named: Wilson Street (renamed to Chambers Street circa 1950), Winburn Street and
Blun Avenue. A five acre park on the west side of the subdivision was named
Kennedy Park in recognition of Mayor John Groover Kennedy. Another block on
the east side of Bowden Street was reserved for a park but was not named at that
time.
The subdivision project was incorporated under the name Carver Village Inc. (date
unknown).18 J. Gerald Lewis served as president and R.W. Apte was the secretary.19
With the subdivision plan approved and a house plan chosen, Carver Village Inc.
turned to purchasing the land for the project. On January 23, 1948 Carver Village
Inc. purchased a 100 plus acre tract of land from Ernest C. Bull and Mamie E. Bull.20
Mamie Bull had received part of the land in 1944 from the Blun estate.21 The tract
also included a 2.41 acre triangle of land Ernest and Mamie Bull purchased from the
City of Savannah in 1944.22 This land was in the southeast corner, located at the
16 City of Savannah, Georgia. Minutes of Council. January 19, 1948-April 21, 1950, p. 8-.
18 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46-G, Folio 99.
20 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46-G, Folio 99-100.
21 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 39-T, Folio 75-76.

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corner of Blun Avenue and Allen Street, known as “Lot A”. The City purchased this
land from the Trustees of the minor children of Joseph Stiles in 1850; it was also part
of the Springfield Plantation in the mid 1700s.23 A third part of this tract included the
land that is now known as Blun Avenue. Ernest Bull also purchased this 2,600 linear
foot strip of land from the City of Savannah in 1944.24 These three tracts of land
became the new site for the Carver Village Subdivision (refer to Map #2 above).
Financing for the Carver Village housing project was insured by the FHA. On
February 24, 1948 Carver Village Inc. borrowed $320,100.00 from the First National
Bank of Atlanta25 to cover the construction cost of the first phase of the project. The
first phase of house construction included all the lots of blocks 2, 3, and 6, lots 4-22
on block 1, and lots 4-11 and 15-22 on block 526 (see Map #4). Two additional loans
were secured from the First National Bank of Atlanta on May 14, 1948 in the amount
of $207,900.00 for each loan27 to cover the cost of the second and third phases of
construction. The second phase included all of blocks 4 and 7, and lots 1-3 on block
1, lots 1-3 and 12-14 on block 5, and lots 1-10 on block 1028 (see Map #4). Phase
three included all of blocks 13 and 16, lots 11-22 on block 10 and lots 1-7 on block
929 (see Map #4). The amount borrowed for each lot was calculated to be $3,50030
for the first phase, and $3,70031 for phases two and three. The interest rate for each
loan was 8 percent.
25 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46_K, Folio 44-47.
26 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46_K, Folio 45.
27 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46_U, Folio 365-368.
28 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46_U, Folio 365.
29 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46_U, Folio 367.
30 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46_K, Folio 45.
31 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46_U, Folio 365-368.

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Map #4 - Carver Village Phases of Development
“Carver Heights” SAGIS Map, http://www.sagis.org/app/,
Savannah, GA: 11/28/2012

Page 22
Byck-Worrell Company, a prominent Savannah construction company, began
building houses on the east side of the property bordered by West Gwinnett Street on
the north, Carter Street on the west, Blun Avenue on the south, and Bowden Street
on the east. John Sturgeon, a manufacturer of concrete blocks, was to supply
1,000,000 blocks for the housing project.32 The company petitioned the City of
Savannah for permission to lease the old Water Works building to use for the
manufacturing of these concrete blocks.33 Lumber was scarce and as a result, very
expensive.34 To keep the cost of construction economically feasible, the homes were
built of concrete block with concrete slab foundations. The first phase of
construction included 96 two bedroom houses with a living room, kitchen, and
bathroom. The dimensions for the average house was to be 30 feet by 30 feet. The
plans called for several different roof types and other features to add variety to the
appearance of the neighborhood.
The First National Bank of Atlanta held many of the mortgages for the Carver Village
homes sold in 1948 and 1949; however, a mortgage or finance company in Macon,
Georgia, Fickling & Walker Inc., also helped to finance many home purchases. The
typical loan for a Carver Village home required a $100 down payment. Prospective
home buyers were required to show proof of $35.00 per week earnings. Total loan
amounts varied from $4,400 to $4,700 with 4 percent interest. Monthly payments
(including interest, taxes, and insurance) were approximately $23.23 to $29.64 for 25
years. Included in the cost was a 30 gallon automatic electric hot water heater.35
The first group of houses were nearly complete by the end of May 1948. House sales
began in June 1948. The rush to buy these house appears to have been a near
stampede. In less than a month’s time, 97 homes had been sold and 75 homes were
occupied.36 The second phase of construction was nearly complete by the end of
June 1948 and the third phase followed soon afterwards. By March 1950, most of the
homes built by Carver Village Inc. were sold. Two buildings at 801 Bowden Street
34 “Carver Village Work Is Praised.” Savannah Morning News. August 4, 1948, p. 16.
35 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 47-O, Folio 172.
36 John Popham. “Savannah, Ga., Dedicates Carver Village, Said to Be Largest Negro Housing in South.” The
New York Times. June 28, 1948, Savannah, GA: City of Savannah Research Library & Municipal Archives.

Page 23
were occupied by the Savannah Housing Authority, presumably to assist prospective
home buyers with the home buying process. Reverend Chester Ellis (president of the
neighborhood association at the time this research was undertaken), remembers the
building facing West Gwinnett Street was sometimes referred to as the “Rent House”
37
by residents. He stated that a home buyer could go to this building and select from
several plans to construct a home.38 Remaining lots of the subdivision were
purchased by individuals. Those homes were then constructed by independent
contractors or builders. The size and features of these homes are different from
those on the east side. The New Jerusalem Pentecostal Church of Christ was built in
this area circa 1960. One apartment building and seven duplex buildings were built in
the southeast corner during the 1950s. By 1955, homes had been built on nearly all
600 lots (see Map #5).
Blocks A and B, on the east side of Bowden Street, were reserved for commercial use
and were not developed by Carver Village Inc. These lots were to be purchased by a
corporation of African American businessmen.39 One such businessman was Eugene
Patterson. Mr. Patterson started an alteration shop, moving business, and
confectionery store40 on the northeast corner of Bowden Street. Also in this vicinity
was an Exxon Gasoline Station.41 The Goodwill Baptist Church was also on Bowden
Street, Block A.
The contract for paving ten north-to-south streets, between Blun Avenue and West
Gwinnett Street, was granted to Espy Building and Construction on August 20, 1948.
Work was scheduled to begin when the housing construction was complete.42 Roads
were to be built in 10 foot concrete strips, 5 inches thick. North-to-south streets
were laid out 50 feet wide and east-to-west streets were 60 feet wide. The owners of
the Carver Village Subdivision were to pay for the paving of the remaining streets.43
37 Rev. Chester A. Ellis. Carver Heights, Savannah, GA. Interview by Sarah Ward, March 26, 2013.
38 Rev. Chester A. Ellis. Carver Heights, Savannah, GA. Interview by Sarah Ward, March 26, 2013.
39 John Popham. “Savannah, Ga., Dedicates Carver Village, Said to Be Largest Negro Housing in South.” The
New York Times. June 28, 1948, Savannah, GA: City of Savannah Research Library & Municipal Archives.
Savannah, GA: Metropolitan Planning Commission, date unknown, p.8.
42 City of Savannah, Georgia. Minutes of Council. January 9, 1948-April 21, 1950, p. 133.

Page 24
Map #5 - Carver Village 1955
Sanborn Fire Insurance Company “1955 Platt Map of Savannah, Georgia,
Carver Village,” 319, 65 vol. 1, Metropolitan Planning Commission

Page 25
In his “Annual Message to City: Council of the Mayor 1948,” Mayor John Kennedy
commented on the many roads built throughout the city and the serious drainage
problems. The city’s problems with drainage were threefold. First, the existing
drainage and sewer systems were in very poor condition. Second, new houses and
subdivisions were built without proper preparation or plans for drainage. Third, the
city experienced an unusually heavy amount of rain over a two year period plus a
hurricane that caused serious flooding problems for the whole city. Carver Village
was one of many subdivisions that had muddy open ditches cut to carry water away
from residences and streets. Some of the early residents remember that they had to
put planks down across the ditches to get from the street to their yards44 (see Figure
#4). The city spent $666,000 to address the drainage needs during the Mayor’s
tenure, but the problems still overwhelmed the government. In addition, the City of
Savannah spent $221,574 to pave twenty-two new streets and an additional
twenty-eight paving petitions were approved in 1948, ten of these were in Carver
Village.45
Even though much of the housing construction was completed by the end of 1950,
work still needed to be done to make the subdivision a community. “In 1950, Carver
Village residents, led by Naomi Major and Mr. and Mrs. Henry Mack, proposed to
develop the Bowden Street playground.” 46 The City agreed on the condition that the
residents would properly fence the area and supply playground equipment.47
An urban legend for Carver Village is that the subdivision was built specifically for
World War II veterans. No direct evidence has been found to support this; however,
since the FHA was making an effort to help veterans obtain loans and move into
good housing, it is possible that this legend is true. As an example, when Henry Mack
planned to buy a home in Carver Village he had to show his army discharge papers to
claim eligibility.48
45 John G. Kennedy. “ Message To City: Council of the Mayor, Savannah, GA. Mayor, 1948.” Savannah, GA:
Chatham County Library, Bull Street, vertical files, 1948, p.6.
46 Heights: A History.” Compiled by, Carver Heights Oral History Committee, Metropolitan Planning

Page 26
Figure #4 - Flooded Streets of Carver Village
Keilah M. Spann “Striving for Quality: A Case Study of the Carver Village
Community” Chatham County Savannah, GA: Metropolitan Planning Commission,
date unknown, p. 9
City Directories show many active U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army personnel were
among the early residents. Other residents were employed by Union Bag, Coastal
Chemical Co., Port City Steel, Savannah Electric & Power Co., Derst Baking, Fleming
and Moor Supply Co., Savannah Sugar Refining, Wesson Oil, Westinghouse Electric
Supply, Ralph Bond Box Factory, Dixie Auto Parts, and the U.S. Post Office. Some
residents had more independent or entrepreneurial jobs such as: painter, insurance
agent, janitor, maid, teacher, minister, and barber shop owner.

Page 27
Earl Theodore Shinhoster, a famous civil rights leader, was born in Savannah in 1950
and grew up in Carver Village.49 He became a member of the NAACP at age 13,50
took on leadership roles, and advanced in the organization. In 1977, he became the
director of the NAACP southeast region office in Atlanta and held that office for 17
years.51 He later served as national field secretary and then acting executive director.
Another notable Carver Village resident is Dorothy Barnes Pelote. During her early
years of residency in Carver Village, Dorothy Barnes Pelote was a teacher at Haven
Home School. She began her political activities working to bring improvements to
Carver Village. Pelote first served as a Chatham County Commissioner then, in 1992,
she was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives. She served five terms for
the 149th Representative District of Savannah.
During her service, Pelote was made aware of the 1950s and 1960s CIA MK-UTRA
Project. CIA documents suggest that scientists were experimenting with biological
warfare using mosquitoes to carry diseases to and from African American
communities in Florida and Georgia.52 There is suspicion that Carver Village was one
of the experimental locations for this program.53 Dorothy Barnes Pelote is now
retired from public service but continues her efforts to expose the MK-UTRA Project.
Dorothy Barnes Pelote has been a leader in petitioning and guiding improvements for
the community for many years. As a result, street lights, street markers, a bus route,
and continued work to improve drainage are some of the follow-up tasks completed
in the subdivision. In 1955, West Gwinnett Street was paved to Cubbage Street and a
bus route brought into the neighborhood.54 In the early 1960s, Bishop Frasier
encouraged his neighbors to picket city hall for sidewalks. Soon afterwards, a new
system of sidewalks was developed within the neighborhood.55
49 Edward A. Hatfield. “T. Shinhoster (1950-2000).” New Georgia encyclopedia.
www.georgianecyclopedia.org/nge/ArticlePrintable.jsp?id=h-2522, 3/24/2013.
52 “Dorothy Barnes Pelote.” www.ask.com/wiki/Dorothy_Barnes_ Pelote?0=2801 &qsrc=999, 3/24/2013.
53 Dorothy Barnes Pelote. Carver Heights, Savannah. Catherine Wilson-Martin interview December 13, 2012.
55 Shelia Henderson Morris. Carver Heights, Savannah, GA. Interview by Sarah Ward, March 26, 2013.

Page 28
During the 1960s through the 1980s, many owners made changes to their homes.
Early alterations included adding stucco to the exterior and more aesthetic finishes to
the interiors. Homeowners built additions onto the houses and some even
constructed large two-story expansions that more than doubled the size of the
original house. Many of the owners built the additions themselves in keeping with
the nationwide trend of the “do-it-yourselfer movement” of the 1950s, 1960s, and
1970s.56
Johnnie Powers is an example of this movement. In an interview he revealed that in
1964, he acquired a permit to build a house on Wexler Street. He designed the house
himself and constructed it from recycled bricks salvaged from buildings being
demolished as a result of urban renewal projects in Savannah. He gathered used
bricks from the destroyed chimneys and foundations. As a veteran, Johnnie Powers
studied Architectural Drafting at Savannah State College on the G.I. Bill. He was
working at the U.S. Post Office during the time his house was built. The
construction of his home was completed in 1971.57
The Carver Village Mission Improvement Organization was formed in 1968 to

address community needs in a more steady and organized manner. It worked to
transform a marshy woodland known as Kennedy Park into a planned recreation
park. Bowden Park was remodeled and updated on August 9, 1982, and a basketball
court, shelter and new playground equipment were added.58 In 1994, the organization
received approval from City Council for funding to build the Carver Heights
Community Center on Collat Avenue.59
56 Clifford Edward Clark, Jr. The American Family Home: 1800-1960. Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North
Carolina Press, 1986, p.231.
57 Johnnie Powers. Carver Heights, Savannah, GA. Interview by Sarah Ward, March 26, 2013.
58 City of Savannah. City of Savannah Research Library & Municipal Archives. Savannah, Georgia: Carver
Heights Files
(varied dates).
59 Keilah M. Spann “ for Quality: A Case Study of the Carver Village date unknown, p.10.

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Surrounding Area
Flatman Village
The property to the west of Carver Village had also been a part of the Sloper Tything
farm. This area was owned by the John M. Cooper Land Company in 1920. Siena B.
Collat and Meyer I. Collat purchased the land in 1921.60 The Collats subdivided the
property for development however, the project did not come to fruition until Ernest
C. Flatman purchased the land on August 4, 1948.61 The property was bounded by
Collat Avenue on the east, the Seaboard Air Line on the west, the Savannah Union
Station Company tracks on the south, and by lots 49-57 and 17 on the north (see
Map #6). Ernest Flatman had the 118 lot property re-subdivided by S.P. Kehoe and
submitted the plan to the City of Savannah for approval. After several attempts to
comply with city requirements, the plan was approved on June 11, 1948.62
Collat Avenue, on the east side of the subdivision, has no houses facing the street.
Duffy Street (renamed to Dell Street circa 1964), Henry Street (renamed to Hearn
Street circa 1964 and renamed again to Heron Street circa 1965), and Anderson Street
(renamed to Agate Street circa 1964) are the east-to-west streets. Some of the lots on
the west side were later converted to Endley Street, with no houses facing this angled
street. The plan originally made provisions for the construction of 54 home sites and
sixteen business sites, but no businesses were ever built in this area.63 The Carver
Heights Community Center was later built on some of the lots that Ernest Flatman
did not purchase from the Collats.
60 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 39-T, Folio 75-76.
61 Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 47-O, Folio 171-172.
63 Type of Homes Being Constructed For ;Negroes Here.” Savannah Morning News. November 14, 1948, p. 37.

Page 30
Map #6 - Flatman Village
Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Map Book 1, Page 219

Page 31
Unlike Carver Village, Flatman Village did not benefit from city assistance with water
and sewer mains nor paving, even though Flatman Village was also in the city limits.
Construction began during 1948, and by July 15, 1949, a contract was issued to the
Espy Paving and Construction Company to lay the sewer lines and pave the roads.64
These streets are also a broad 60 feet wide. The sale of these homes began in April
1950 and most were sold by November 1951.
The Flatman Village homes were built under the supervision of the FHA and the
loans were also insured by the FHA. Just like Carver Village, these loans required a
small down payment and small monthly payments. These homes were built larger
than those of Carver Village and with more amenities. The houses had two
bedrooms, living room, kitchen, bathroom, storage attic with disappearing stairs, two
porches, and a more finished interior.65
Springfield Terrace
When the Colerain Plantation was subdivided in 1767 the Upper Kincaid plantation
was purchased by Reverend William McWhir.67 The property was then subdivided
again and the area became a mixed-use community. A Powder Magazine storage
facility was located on West Gwinnett Street, the Seaboard Air Line was built on the
west end of the community, the Savannah and Atlanta Railroad Shops were on the
east end, and in circa 1889 the city built a Water Works plant east of the community.
Other industrial and business facilities built in the area include: the Ralph Bond Box
Factory, Mexico Oil Company, Victory Lumber Company, and various other small
businesses.68
65 “New Type of Homes Being Constructed For ;Negroes Here.” Savannah Morning News. November 14, 1948,
p. 37.

Page 32
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, an African American community developed among
these varied industrial and business uses. During this time, the residential area was a
collection of smaller neighborhoods known as Springfield Terrace, Waterworks, and
Collat’s Quarters (also known as Mexico City named for the Mexico Oil Company).
These neighborhoods developed north of the current West Gwinnett Street and west
of Stiles Avenue.
In 1926, the Springfield Terrace elementary school was built for first through sixth
grade children. There were four classrooms that accommodated 240 students.69 Six
additional classrooms were added onto the building in the 1950s. In 1959, the name
of the school was changed to the Pearl Lee Smith Elementary School to honor her
efforts in helping secure the site for the school. Mrs. Pearl Lee Smith was a graduate
of MeHarry (sic) Medical College and the first woman to pass the Georgia Board of
Pharmacy.70 She also held a B.S. Degree in Elementary Education from Savannah
State College.71
In 1971, a fire at the school destroyed the administration wing, including the cafeteria
and kitchen. The cafeteria was rebuilt in 1978, and in 1981 the media center was
expanded. The name of the school was again changed to Oglethorpe Academy
Charter Middle School (date unknown) and is now closed. The school offered more
to the community than educational facilities for children; night courses for adults
were also offered and the cafeteria was used for many community events through the
year.
69 Larry W. Smith Images of America: Savannah’s Historic Public Schools. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing,
2004, p. 112.
70 “Dedication: Pearl Lee Smith Elementary School.” Savannah School Buildings Savannah, GA: Live Oak
Public Libraries, Bull Street Library, (vertical file) October 25, 1959.
71 “Dedication Pearl Lee Smith Elementary School.” Savannah School Buildings Savannah, GA: Live Oak Public
Libraries, Bull Street Library, (vertical file) October 25, 1959.

Page 33
Carver Village to Carver Heights
During the 1960s, the area north of West Gwinnett Street became known as Carver
Heights.72 In 1986, residents of Carver Village changed the name of their community
to Carver Heights as well. This was an attempt to clarify the fact that homes within
this area were purchased by individuals and that the neighborhood was not part of a
public housing project.73 Signs were placed at Stiles Avenue and at Collat Avenue in
1997, marking the entrances into the community. The broader community of Carver
Heights includes: Carver Village, Flatman Village, Springfield Terrace, and Collat’s
Quarters (also known as Mexico City).

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ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTIONS
Buildings and houses can be classified into two categories: styles or types.
Architectural style is the artistic and academic designing of a building. The design
reflects the art and culture of the period of construction, the trends and fashions of
the society, and even the technology of the time. Styles are often “designed by a
professional architect or master builder or reproduced from architectural pattern
books”. Architectural styles are more often decorated, ornamented, and detailed with
special building materials.
Building types are usually referred to as a typical or a common house. Architectural

types are influenced by the building traditions of the people constructing them as well
as the geography and climate of the area where they are built. House types are
defined by their basic overall physical characteristics, such as floor plan, height, and
roof shape. Usually house types have very few features that can be attributed to an
architectural style but on occasion some stylistic features may be present.
The following is an assessment of the historic architecture found in Carver Heights/

Carver Village. The neighborhood has several current styles and types recognized by
the Georgia Historic Preservation Division. Since the Carver Heights/Carver Village
subdivision has more house types than styles, architectural analysis will began with
the types, starting with the most frequently found types and progressing in
descending order. A description of building styles follows the types; also beginning
with the most common and progressing to the least common.

Page 35
House Type
American Small House
The American Small House is unique in the history of architecture in the United
States. This house type was created as a result of a desperate need for low-cost,
easy-to -build homes for a large sector of the population during and after World War
II. A collaboration among all entities of the construction industry, the federal
government, architects, engineers, building code officials, and financial institutions
generated a plan for a new type of small house to shelter the masses. The American
Small House was introduced in the late 1930s after the Federal Housing
Administration established guiding principles to construct a small, economical house
that much of the population could afford to purchase by way of long-term, low
interest loans. This house type was largely popular after World War II and continued
to be popular into the 1950s.
This one-story, square or rectangular, compact house occasionally had Colonial

Revival features, but often has no notable stylistic details. The house is usually two
rooms wide by two rooms deep and may have a small rear hallway. Some versions of
the house have a rear wing for the bathroom and maybe a porch. There are no eaves,
the entry is centered or off-center and the front porch, if present, is often only a
stoop. Nationwide, the common building material for this house was wood,
standardized for easier and faster construction, and had concrete block foundations.
In Carver Heights/Carver Village this house type has many variations. Most of the
first houses built by Carver Village Inc. followed the “basic” plan acceptable for FHA
guaranteed loans. This plan required a minimum of two bedrooms and usually had a
living room, a combination kitchen and dining area, a bathroom, and storage areas
(see Figure #5). The floor plan was typically 30 feet across the front and 20 feet
deep.

Page 36
Figure #5 - “Basic” Floor Plan
Rossell, Davis and Kelilah M. Spann “Carver Village, 1948:
Vic. West Gwinnett and Googe Street” Vernacular Architecture Forum 2007:
Savannah and the Low Country, p. 415

Page 37
Most of the variations for the early Carver Village houses are in roof configuration.
The most common roof type is the side-gable (see Photo #1). Other roof types
present are the gable-on-hip (see Photo #2), hip (see Photo #3), and cross-gable (see
Photo #4). On some corner lots, the floor plan was orientated with the short side
facing the main street, creating a house with the appearance of a front-gable (see
Photo #5), and front facing gable-on-hip (see Photo #6). The porches on these early
houses had limited variation. Most of the porches had a small roof extension or shed
roof over a concrete slab floor with metal pipe posts (see Photo #7). A few of the
porch posts were metal pipes in a trellis pattern (see Photo #8). Other porches have
metal awnings or small gables, also with a concrete slab floor and metal posts. Wood
porch posts are present but rare (see Photo #5). Originally most of the windows
were metal casement, but a few of the early houses also had small picture windows
with small flanking windows.
Photo #1 - Side-Gabled American Small House (Resource #242009)

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Photo #2 - Gable-on-Hip American Small House (Resource #242010)
Photo #3 - Hip Roof American Small House (Resource #242788)

Page 39
Photo #4 - Cross-Gabled American Small House (Resource #242011)
Photo #5 - Front-Gabled American Small House (Resource #242051)

Page 40
Photo #6 - Front Facing Gable-on-Hip American Small House
(Resource #242069)
Photo #7 - Pipe Porch Post (Resource #24333)

Page 41
Photo #8 - Pipe Trellis Porch Post (Resource #242308)
Among these first homes there also was an architect designed version created by
Cletus W. Bergen (see Figure #6). His plan followed the “basic” floor plan, however
the exteriors display features of the English Vernacular Revival Style. These houses
have a front facing accent gable with vertical boards, making this a cross-gabled roof.
The small, shed type porch roof is supported by metal trellis posts. Some also have
shutters (see Photo #9). All of the first group of houses built by Carver Village Inc.
are of concrete block with concrete slab foundations. The doors were half panel and
half light, and most of the windows were metal-framed casement.

Page 42
Figure #6 - Floor Plan Designed by Cletus W. Bergen
Georgia Historical Society. Architectural Drawings Carver Village, Savannah, GA.
Cletus W. Bergen A.I.A. Architect, Dwg. #I-1, Comm. No. 524, Dec. 15, 1947
Photo #9 - English Vernacular Revival designed by Cletus W. Bergen

(Resource #242181)

Page 43
The remaining part of the subdivision, after the Carver Village Inc. development, was
built by individuals or by independent contractors or builders. The American Small
House continued to be popular but with varied construction materials and features.
Many of these were larger and had added rooms, carports, and more decorative
features. Concrete block construction still dominated. Stucco, asbestos shingle, and
partial or full brick veneer facades became more common, especially for the newest
homes of the late 1950s. The concrete slab foundation also remained the most
common type of foundation, although continuous concrete block is also present.
Porches are larger, with a variety of roof types. Porch posts include decorative metal
(see Photo #10), decorative concrete block (see Photo #11), and some of wood.
Windows represent many of the popular types of the period such as picture windows
with flanking small windows, single picture windows, and double-hung sashes.
House interiors were not examined, but historic descriptions state that walls were
either plaster or unfinished block and concrete floors were covered with asphalt tile.
The houses included large storage closets, and a bathroom with a tub, sink and toilet.
Each had an oil heating system and a 30 gallon automatic electric hot water heater.
The American Small House in Flatman Village was larger and had a floor plan with
the bathroom in the front of the house. These houses had side-gable or hip roofs.
Concrete block was still the most common construction material with concrete block
foundations. Stucco, asbestos shingle, and partial or full brick veneer facades were
common exterior materials. Colonial Revival features on many of the houses include
gabled or half-hip porch roofs, metal decorative porch posts, and shutters. Windows
included the picture window with flanking small windows, small picture windows,
and double-hung sashes.

Page 44
According to a historic description in the Savannah Morning News from November 14,
1948, the interior of these houses had many amenities. The house, described as a
new bungalow, had the mandatory two bedrooms needed for guaranteed loans with
FHA. Other rooms included a living room, kitchen with eating area, bathroom with
tub, sink, and toilet, and a storage attic with disappearing stairs. The kitchen and
bathroom floors were covered with linoleum; other rooms had polished hardwood
floors. Throughout the house were numerous electric outlets, and both porches and
the attic had electric lights. The heating system was a gas floor furnace using propane
gas and the house included a 30 gallon automatic electric hot water heater.

Page 45
Photo #10 - Decorative Porch Post (Resource #242220)
Photo #11 - Concrete Block Porch Post (Resource #242862)

Page 46
Ranch House
The Ranch House type developed in the mid 1930s, but reached its popularity peak in
the post World War II 1950s and 1960s. This house type was originally based on the
early Spanish Colonial style with elements borrowed from the Craftsman and Prairie
styles. The wider facade of the Ranch House faces the street and the house is usually
on a larger lot. The house often has a built-in garage or carport. The Ranch House
type is usually a one-story, asymmetrical building with a low-pitched gabled or hipped
roof. Wood and brick are common claddings in urban areas, and asbestos siding is
common as well. Porches are small with metal or wood trim and posts. Picture
windows and ribbon windows with shutters are common.
Carver Heights/Carver Village has several variations of the Ranch House type;
Compact Ranch, Bungalow, Linear, and Half-Courtyard are some of the most
common. The Compact Ranch House (see Photo #12 and Figure #7) and Bungalow
Ranch House (see Photo #13 and Figure #8) types are more common, likely because
they could be constructed to fit on the small lots of Carver Heights/Carver Village.
Ranch Houses are typically constructed of concrete block with concrete block or
concrete slab foundations. There are few stylistic details. The hip roof is most
common, but some houses have side-gabled roofs. Brick facades or partial brick
facades are present as well as houses with stucco over concrete block. The majority
of the porches are partial-width with half-hip or gable roofs over concrete slab floors.
Porch posts are predominately decorative metal, but concrete block and wood are
also present. Windows include all types popular during this period of development
with the double-hung sash, two-over-two light, being the more common window
type. Stylistic features, if present, are mostly Colonial Revival.

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Figure #7 - Floor Plan for Compact Ranch House Varieties
Photo #12 - Compact Ranch House (Resource #242738)

Page 48
Figure #8 - Floor Plan for Bungalow Ranch House Varieties
Photo #13 - Bungalow Ranch House (Resource #242410)

Page 49
The Linear Ranch House (see Photo #14 and Figure #9), and Half-Courtyard Ranch
House (see Photo #15 and Figure #10) are typically larger. Some home owners in
Carver Heights/Carver Village purchased two lots to build larger Ranch Houses.
These houses had more stylistic details, usually Colonial Revival. Many were
constructed of wood frame with brick veneer exteriors, but some have a combination
of exterior materials. Foundations are concrete block or concrete slab. Porches are
varied and are partial-width, with half-hip or integral roofs. Porch posts are generally
decorative metal. Windows include some of the newer types for this period such as
sliding and awning, however, picture windows and double-hung sash windows are
still a common choice. These Ranch House types often have carports or garages,
giving the house an even longer appearance.

Page 50
Figure #9 - Floor Plan for Linear Ranch House Varieties
Photo #14 - Linear Ranch House (Resource #242446)

Page 51
Figure #10 - Floor Plan for Half-Courtyard Ranch House Varieties
Photo #15 - Half-Courtyard Ranch House (Resource #242449)

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Bungalow
The bungalow type is distinguished by the following architectural features: a low-

pitched, usually gabled roof, exposed roof rafter ends are common, and full-width or
partial-width (usually front) porches supported by posts, or columns on piers or
pedestals. The floor plan is irregular. There are four subtypes of the bungalow: side-
gabled, hipped, front-gabled, and crossed-gabled roof. The most common
bungalows in Carver Heights/Carver Village have hipped roofs (see Photo #16 and
Figure #11), however there are also front-gabled (see Photo #17 and Figure #12),
and side-gabled (see Photo #18 and Figure #13) versions in the subdivision.
Very few of the bungalows in the neighborhood have any stylistic features. Concrete
block is the most common building material for these houses with concrete slab or
concrete block foundations. A few examples have partial or full brick veneer
exteriors and some have stucco over concrete block. Porches tend to be front,
partial-width with half-hip or gabled roofs, but some are simply a front stoop with no
roof, or a shed roof over a concrete slab floor. Windows are primarily double-hung
sash, two-over- two and six-over-six lights, but picture windows, corner windows,
and awning windows are also present. There are also a few three-over-one light
double-hung sash windows, but these are rare.

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Figure #11 - Floor Plan for Hip Roof Bungalow Varieties
Photo #16 - Hip Roof Bungalow (Resource #242771)

Page 54
Figure #12 - Floor Plan for Front-Gabled Bungalow Varieties
Photo #17 - Front-Gabled Bungalow (Resource #242802)

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Figure #13 - Floor Plan for Side-Gabled Bungalow Varieties
Photo #18 - Side-Gabled Bungalow (Resource #242797)

Page 56
House Styles
Colonial Revival
When grouped together: Georgian, Cape Cod, and Colonial become the Colonial
Revival architectural style. This house style evolved after 1870 and has been so
popular that versions continue to be built today. The inspiration was provided by the
Centennial of 1878 that brought back English-inspired styles common during the
Colonial era in the U.S. This style is often called “Cape Cod” by Realtors or
“Colonial” Bungalow by others. The style was most popular from 1920 to 1945. The
Colonial Revival house can be one or two stories high. Features for this style include:
an accented front door with a decorated entry porch (this is perhaps the signature
architectural element and will occur when no other elements are present) with
fanlights and/or sidelights around the doorway. The windows are frequently paired,
shuttered, and show multiple panes. The facade is usually symmetrical, but may show
side porches on one or both sides. Often the side porch is screened or enclosed in
some way.
There are no “high style” examples of Colonial Revival in Carver Heights/Carver

Village. Houses with Colonial Revival stylistic features are the most common, but
even so, houses exhibiting these features are rare. Examples of this style in the
subdivision are later versions dating from circa 1950. Style features most often found
in Carver Heights/Carver Village are paired, shuttered windows with multiple panes.
A gabled front porch also adds to the style on a few houses (see Photo #19).

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English Vernacular Revival
English Vernacular Revival houses imitate English Medieval and Renaissance styles
with adaptations of the following elements: steeply pitched roofs with side gables and
one or more prominent cross gables over the front facade, tall windows and window
elements with exaggerated facings and massive chimneys — sometimes ornamented
or topped with chimney pots — half-timbering, stonework accents on the facades,
and decorative brickwork. Rounded arches and doorways are other common
features. In Carver Heights/Carver Village this style was designed by Cletus W.
Bergen. The only stylistic feature present in these houses is the prominent
cross-gables over the front facade with vertical boards in the front-facing gable to
represent half-timbering (see Photo #20).

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Photo #19 - Colonial Revival Style (Resource #242412)
Photo #20 - English Vernacular Revival Style (Resource #242333)

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Craftsman
The Craftsman style is distinguished by the following architectural features: a low-

pitched usually gabled roof, with wide, open overhanging eaves; exposed roof rafters
and/or decorative (false) brackets under the gables; full-width or partial-width
(usually front) porches supported by columns on piers or pedestals. The use of
decorative woodwork, masonry, and stone reflecting building material craftsmanship
is also native to this style. Carver Heights/Carver Village has few examples of the
Craftsman style house with minimal stylistic features (see Photo #21).
Photo #21 - Craftsman Style (Resource #242408)

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Other Buildings
Multiple Unit Dwellings
In addition to the many single-family residential buildings in Carver Heights/Carver

Village, there are a number of other residential resources that deserve recognition.
There are many vernacular buildings that have not been given academic names to
describe their architecture. In most cases, these buildings have floor plans and roof
types similar to some of the house types already described. The front-gabled,
side-gabled and hipped forms are common for many of these buildings. Also present
in the survey area are duplexes. The duplex apartments in Carver Heights/ Carver
Village are similar in general appearance and form to the American Small House
except the duplex is twice as wide. These buildings are also constructed of concrete
block with a concrete block foundation. The double front doors are centered and
most have a gabled porch roof over a concrete floor with metal porch posts. Several
of these duplexes have exposed roof rafter ends representing the Craftsman Style (see
Photo #22).
Photo #22 - Duplex Apartment (Resource #242910)

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Non-Residential Vernacular
There are a few commercial and religious buildings within Carver Heights/Carver
Village that also deserve recognition. The Georgia Historic Preservation Division has
developed standardized building types for stores and churches. The following are
some examples of these building types in Carver Heights/Carver Village.
Commercial
Multiple Retail - Block Strip
The multiple retail or block-strip building is most often found in small towns or
urban areas. It is usually two or more attached rental units built together. These
mostly date from the 1910s through the 1950s. The building is typically one-story
high, with identical facades, usually three bays or storefronts across the façade. In
Carver Heights/Carver Village this building is constructed of concrete block on a
concrete slab foundation. The roof is flat or built-up tar and gravel. Windows are
multi-light (see Photo #23).
Single Retail - Block Two-Part
The single retail or block-two part building is found in both small and large towns.
This building type is used for a wide variety of retail uses. The common construction
dates for this building type are the 1880s through the 1950s. These buildings were
constructed either as single units or multiple units built next to each other. The roofs
are either flat or sloping and typically the building has three bays in the façade. In
Carver Heights/Carver Village this building is constructed of concrete block on a
concrete slab foundation (see Photo #24). This structure was constructed as a single
commercial use building and later remodeled.

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Photo #23 - Multiple Retail - Block Strip (Resource #242028)
Photo #24 - Single Retail - Block Two-Part (Resource #242029)

Page 63
Churches
Front Gable Church
This may be the most common type of church building in Georgia. It has been
popular in all periods of history, especially in rural areas and small communities. The
gable-end façade may have one or two doors. Windows are present on the sides and
rear, but the front-gable end may or may not have windows. Steeples or belfries are
present on some examples (see Photo #25). Carver Heights/Carver Village has only
one example of this church type.
Photo #25 - Front Gable Church (Resource #242024)

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Central Tower Church
Central Tower Churches are common in rural areas and small communities. This
church reached its peak of popularity from the 1850s through the 1930s. The church
has a projecting central entrance tower, and usually has windows flanking that tower
(see Photo #26). There is only one example of this church type and the central tower
may have been added after its initial construction.
Photo #26 - Central Tower Church (Resource #242767)

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Utility Structure
In addition to the residential and commercial buildings, structures are man-made, but
are constructed for a purpose other than human habitation or activity. Examples of
structures include: Bridges, canals, dams, windmills, lighhouses, and pergolas. Most
structures have no standard form or features and are identified predominately by their
historic use and a general architectural description. The pump house-lift station in
Carver Heights/Carver Village is a small square structure with Colonial Revival
features. Like most of the buildings in the subdivision it is constructed with concrete
block, has a concrete block foundation, hip roof, double metal doors, open brick
work windows, and a cupola. New wood steps have been built over the original
concrete steps (see Photo #27).
Photo #27 - Utility Structure (Resource #242020)

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Sites
A historic site is defined as one that is culturally or artistically important to the

development of an area. Bowden Park was created early in the history of the Carver
Heights/Carver Village neighborhood and is thus an important part of the history of
the subdivision (see Photo #28). On the other side of the neighborhood is Kennedy
Park; although this park is not yet historic in its current form, it is important to the
neighborhood.
Photo #28 - Site - Bowden Park (Resource #241157)

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LEVEL OF INTEGRITY
The integrity of the Carver Heights/Carver Village historic resources is varied.

Unfortunately, many of the historic resources in the neighborhood have undergone
modifications that result in, to varying degrees, the of loss of integrity. Some houses
have stucco, brick, composite wood, and/or vinyl siding covering the historic
concrete block material. There have also been many window and door alterations.
Most foundations have remained intact and are in their original configurations and
materials. Many porches have been replaced, enclosed, or screened. Additions have
been built onto the rear, front, or sides of the majority of the houses. In addition to
these alterations, there are rear two-story additions and some side two-story additions
to houses. These varied alterations diminish the historic character of the buildings.
In most cases, these alterations appear to have been completed less than fifty years
ago, rendering them, as of the writing of this report, non-historic alterations.
Bowden Park, a historic park constructed in 1950, still contributes to the historic
character of the neighborhood. The park was updated in 1982 with modern play
equipment and basketball courts. Kennedy Park, originally natural wood lands and
marsh lands, was converted to a recreational area during the 1970s. This non-historic
recreational area does not detract from the historic character of the neighborhood.
The overall character of the neighborhood still retains its historic feel and sense of
place. This is primarily due to its planned, uniform house placement, and wide grid
street plan; however, the scale, shape, and form of most of the houses have changed.
To better assess the level of integrity for the Carver Heights/Carver Village
neighborhood, the following graduated scale of integrity has been created to analyze
the current overall level of integrity of the neighborhood. This analysis includes the
additional 158 properties preliminarily evaluated in the windshield survey to provide
an overall contextual view of the neighborhood.

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A) Good - A building that retains its original exterior material, easily visible
form, shape, and roof line. Partial rear additions and alterations must be at
least fifty years old (circa 1965 or earlier). The building must have its original
porch form and type. Windows and doors may be any date, but must reflect
the original placement and form.
There are 169 resources or approximately 25% of the total 666 neighborhood
properties that can be counted as having “good” integrity.
B) Fair - A building that retains its original exterior material or reversible

materials, easily visible form, shape, and roof line. Partial or full rear additions
may be any date. Partial front additions and alterations must be at least fifty
years old (circa 1965 or earlier). The building may have its original porch form
and type, or alterations or enclosures, or carport additions. Windows and
doors may be any date, but must reflect the original placement and form.
There are 156 resources or approximately 23% of the total 666 neighborhood
properties that can be counted as having “fair” integrity.
C) Poor - A building that retains its original exterior material or non-historic

reversible materials, partial or full rear additions, partial or full front additions,
partial of full side additions and alterations from any date of construction. The
building may have its original porch form and type, or alterations or
enclosures, or carport additions. Windows and doors may be any date, type or
form.
There are 137 or approximately 21% of the total 666 neighborhood properties
that can be counted as having “poor” integrity.

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D) Not-Historic - A building constructed circa 1965 or after. A historic
building that has permanent, non-historic, non-reversible exterior materials,
complete loss of form, shape, and roof line. Partial or full rear additions,
partial or full front additions, partial or full side additions or second-story
additions, and alterations from any date of construction. Any historic building
that has been completely encapsulated. The building may have its original
porch form and type, or alterations or enclosures, or carport additions.
Windows and doors may be any date, placement, and form.
There are 204 or approximately 31% of the total 666 properties that can be
counted as being not-historic and/or having no historic integrity. These
buildings were not included in the survey, but were evaluated in a windshield
survey.
Categories A) Good, and B) Fair, have retained enough of their original architectural
character to classify them as contributing to the historic character of the
neighborhood. The historic resources in Category C) Poor, have lost historic
architectural integrity and are non-contributing resources. Category D) Not-Historic,
do not meet the age requirement (50 years old or older), or do meet the age
requirement but have been altered to the extreme and have no historic architectural
integrity remaining.
CONDITIONS OF BUILDINGS
The exterior condition of buildings range from excellent to poor. The interiors were
not inspected, so no comments are available. Age has taken its toll on a few buildings
and although some are in poor condition, most of these are occupied or used and still
receive at least minimal maintenance. The neighborhood does have some vacant
buildings, not receiving maintenance, these are generally in poor condition. The
majority of the buildings are in good condition.

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SURVEY RESULT
This survey included 508 historic resources within the predetermined boundaries
stated under the Project Description. A break down of the resources surveyed is as
follows:
Buildings 505
Structures 1
Sites 2
There are an additional 158 buildings in Carver Heights/Carver Village that were not
included in this survey and fall in the Not-Historic category mentioned above. A
complete list of the resources surveyed, arranged by categories, can be found in
Appendix C.
Seven (7) properties have been destroyed in Carver Heights/Carver Village. This
represents an approximate 1% loss of the 666 houses built in the neighborhood.
Landmarks
Landmarks, that include both individual properties and districts, can be recognized at
three levels of significance: local, state, or national. Most of the Carver Heights/
Carver Village landmarks are noteworthy at the local level of significance. Local
landmarks are those properties that are prominent in the community. They have a
high degree of architectural or historic value to the citizens. Landmarks are often
community recognized buildings such as post offices, depots, banks, churches,
schools, or institutional buildings. Two churches are locally significant to the Carver
Heights/ Carver Village community: Goodwill Baptist Church, originally constructed
circa 1963 and altered 2002, and Frazier Temple New Jerusalem Pentecostal Church
of Christ, built circa 1960 and altered circa 1975-1990. They both have the age to be
considered local landmarks, however, both have some loss of integrity.

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Individual Buildings
Within the Carver Heights/Carver Village subdivision, there are a limited number of
architectural styles, types, and periods of construction. This construction began in
1948 and progressed through the writing of this report. The historic resources
represent buildings with few architectural style elements and many examples of
vernacular house types. No individual buildings possess the architectural quality for
an individual listing on the National Register of Historic Places, however, more
individual building research may reveal the necessary historic significance for an
individual listing.
Districts
Districts may also have a local, state, or national level of significance, but not all the
structures in a district possess individual architectural significance. These are areas
that the community perceives to be important in the history of the development of
the community or area. Carver Heights/Carver Village does have historic significant
importance to the community, the City of Savannah, the State of Georgia as well as
the Nation. Carver Heights/Carver Village represents a unique, historic event in
community development and in African American history at all levels of significance.

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ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS
The majority of buildings within the Carver Heights/Carver Village neighborhood are
built of concrete block. Many of these are now covered with stucco as well as with
synthetic siding such as vinyl, asbestos, composite wood, and aluminum. Others
have front facades of brick veneer and some have partial brick veneer on the front
facade. There are a minimal number of homes covered completely with brick veneer
among the later houses built in the neighborhood. Non-historic houses in the
subdivision are few; the majority were built before 1965.
Foundations are primarily concrete slab, but there are a few later built houses with
continuous concrete block foundations. Roofing materials are composition shingle,
with only one house having partial metal and partial composition covering. Nearly all
of the houses have concrete block chimneys with a cement wash.
A small front stoop with simple features was the original predominating type of
porch. The porch roofs were shed or small extensions of the main roof. The porch
floors were concrete slab. In many cases porches have been altered or replaced and
stylistic features from a later period replace those earlier features. Some of these later
alterations have been altered yet again and have been enclosed. Metal is the dominate
porch post material. Among the early construction, the posts were often small metal
pipes or metal pipes in a trellis style. Later built houses have decorative metal posts
in a variety of colors and designs. Among the newer homes concrete block, wood,
and formed concrete posts adorn the porches.
Windows on the first group of houses built by Carver Village Inc. were metal
casement with a few exceptions having picture windows. Many have been changed to
double-hung, one-over-one, six-over-six, or two-over-two light configurations.
Typically these later replacement windows had metal or vinyl frames. Later built
homes have a variety of window types including those mentioned above plus awning,
multi-light fixed, sliding, four-over-four double hung, and picture windows with
flanking windows. Many windows are covered with metal burglar bars, some are
decorative.

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There are few historic outbuildings in the neighborhood. Storage sheds and carports
are the most common outbuildings, but most are non-historic and made of metal.
Some carports have been built on the side of the houses, but many carports have also
been built in front of the houses. They are either built onto the house later or are
free standing. There are a few historic garages and a couple of secondary dwellings.
These dwellings were most likely guest houses, in-law suites, or rental units. One of
these may be historic. One rare secondary building, facing West Gwinnett Street, was
built to be used as office space for the Savannah Housing Authority and later used as
a grocery store.
The development of the neighborhood was based on a gridiron street layout with the
east-to-west streets functioning only as through roads. Only one home has an
address along one of these streets. All but that one house and one office/store were
built to face the north-to-south streets. All streets, except Collat Avenue, are broad
concrete thoroughfares. Collate Avenue has an asphalt top. The streets in Flatman
Village are also very broad, but have asphalt tops. Telephone and power lines pass
through along the rear abutted property lines, however no alleys are present or
visible. Street lights are the only utilities along the streets. All houses have concrete
walkways from the street to the house. Concrete sidewalks are present on all streets.
Two main sites grace the neighborhood: Bowden Park on the east boundary and
Kennedy Park on the west boundary. Domestic landscaping or yard settings in the
Carver Heights/Carver Village neighborhood tend to be simple and unplanned.
There are mature trees in the neighborhood, however they were not planted in any
particular configuration. Non-historic concrete driveways are common, however
some are only partial entries onto a dirt driveway. The houses on Bowden Street
have the unique arrangement of driveways on the back of the property entering from
Allen Avenue. Chain-link fences are prominent with most rear yards enclosed and
many front yards partially enclosed. These fences do detract somewhat from the
historic character of the neighborhood.

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Period of Development
Post World War II: 1948 to the Present
The architecture of Carver Heights/Carver Village includes a variety of house types

and styles within a limited period of architectural development. The primary period
of development was 1948 to 1965. The neighborhood is a planned housing
development constructed in the mid-twentieth century. The primary house type built
in the subdivision was the, then new unique, American Small House. Carver Village
Inc. built more than two-hundred of these houses in about a one year period of time.
They began construction on the east side of the subdivision and worked westward,
with more concentration on the northern blocks on the west and ending on Porter
Street.
Two blocks were reserved for commercial development on the east side. Within
these blocks, two commercial buildings were constructed and one church. The
remaining lots were later sold to independent families who built homes on these sites.
The remainder of Carver Heights/Carver Village structures were built by independent
homeowners, contractors or builders, circa 1950 through circa 1965. This later
development was more sporadic and the house types included variations of the
American Small House, Ranch type house, and Bungalows. House styles included
Colonial Revival, English Vernacular Revival, and Craftsman. In this area, another
church was built on Porter Street. One apartment building and seven duplex
apartments were built in the southwest corner of the subdivision in the 1950s. One
park was built on the southeast corner of the subdivision circa 1950, and another
much later and larger park was built on the west side of the subdivision in the 1970s.
The houses in Flatman Village are outside the western boundaries of the original
Carver Village subdivision. These houses were built by an independent contractor at
the same time as the western part of Carver Village was being built. The common
house types in this area are variations of the American Small House and Ranch
houses. During this period, approximately fifty houses were built along Dell Street,
Heron Street, and Agate Street. A few houses have Colonial Revival stylistic features.
Several lots in this area were built on much later, from circa 1970 through the 2000s.

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NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBILITY
Carver Village Historic District
Carver Village is the historic name associated with this subdivision and is, therefore,
the name that best represents the neighborhood as a historic district. Generally, a
historic district must have 70% to 75% of the extant resources possessing good
architectural integrity. Carver Village has less than 50% of its historic resources with
good to fair architectural integrity. Since the number of alterations has compromised
the architectural integrity of the neighborhood, it is possible that the neighborhood is
not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Further
consultation with the State Historic Preservation Division will be necessary in order
to determine eligibility.
Carver Village does have a very significant history at the local, state and national
levels. If a district is significant for historical associations, integrity may be less
important; however, integrity is a crucial consideration. Even though the integrity of
the architecture in Carver Village has been compromised, the history of the dominant
house type — the American Small House — is one of continual alteration and
change. Nationally, many of these small houses were built using a plan that easily
allowed additions and expansions. The evolution of Carver Village represents this
history. More research is necessary to present a strong argument to support this
proposition.
The proposed Carver Village Historic District includes the area bounded by West
Gwinnett Street on the north, Allen Avenue on the east, Blun Avenue on the south,
and Collat Avenue on the west (see Map #7).
Flatman Village is not included in this proposed historic district because the history
of that subdivision is different from that of Carver Village. Flatman Village was
developed by an independent contractor who created a different subdivision plan and
built the houses at a different time using his own house plans. Residents of Flatman
Village also expressed the feeling that their neighborhood was different from that of
Carver Village.

Page 76
Map #7 - The Proposed Historic District Boundaries

Page 77
RECOMMENDATIONS
The nomination of historic resources to the National Register of Historic Places is

only the beginning of the preservation activity. Other organizational, regulatory, and
incentive mechanisms can be established to encourage the preservation of the historic
resources of the Carver Village community.
The following are suggestions for future activities and goals:
 Request a formal determination of eligibility from the State Historic

Preservation Division.
 Historic zoning ordinances could be considered for areas in and around the
historic districts. This type of zoning could help guide development to be
more historically compatible and possibly avoid the type of intrusive
construction present in the area along the north side of West Gwinnett
Street.
 Study the developmental history of Carver Heights/Carver Village and
supplement current historic sources by writing a concise history of the
neighborhood. More research is needed to determine what role the
Housing Authority of Savannah, the FHA and the Federal Government had
in the development and creation of the subdivision. In addition, house by
house research will provide valuable information to help identify significant
persons who have lived in the neighborhood during its period of
significance. Deed research, City Directories and interviews with long time
residents can provide much valuable information.
 Create a neighborhood history museum. Perhaps a photographic display in
the community center would be a good starting point.

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 Create a local tourism program based upon historic resources. Carver
Heights/Carver Village has a good basis for this program. Add Carver
Heights/Carver Village to the Visit Savannah: Embrace Savannah’s Black
Heritage brochure. Create an independent driving tour of the neighborhood
(possible with a post WWII focus) or approach one of the existing tour
companies to add Carver Heights to their program such as: The Gullah
Geechee Tours, The African American History Tour, or the Freedom Trail
Tours. The latter two are especially appropriate since Earl Shinhoster lived
in the neighborhood.
 Develop a handbook about rehabilitation for historic property owners.
Include the historic architectural features of the homes, the importance of
retaining the front façade as built, keeping windows and doors as close to
the original appearance as possible and encouraging additions to be built on
the rear of the house when possible, preferable one-story in height.
 Recruit concerned citizens to study and guide preservation activities in the
neighborhood.
 Analyze the impact of local ordinances on historic resources.
 Educate the public about preservation through special activities,
information, and local school programs.

Page 79
BIBLIOGRAPHY
In addition to the following bibliography, a great deal of the survey information was
gathered from property owners and residents of the Carver Heights/Carver Village.
“A Brief History of: The GI Bill-Time.” www.time.com/timemagazine/article/

0.9171,1810309.00.html, 3/29.2013.
“African Americans and the G.I. Bill.” Wikipedia.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans_and_the_G.I._Bill, 3/29/2013.
Albrecht, Donald, ed. World War II and the American Dream. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
The National Building Museum and The MIT Press, 1995.
“Antique Home.” http://www.antiquehome.org/House-Plans/1949-National/Briggs.html.,

3/29/2013.
“Building Advances on 600 Dwellings For Colored Only.” Savannah Morning News. March
30, 1948, p. 2.
“Carver Heights.” SAGIS Map, http://www.sagis.org/app/, Savannah, GA: 11/28/2012.
“Carver Heights: A History.” Compiled by, Carver Heights Oral History Committee,
Metropolitan Planning Commission, Chatham County Savannah, GA. 1997.
“Carver Village Work Is Praised.” Savannah Morning News. August 4, 1948, p. 16.
Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Map Book A, Page 118-119.
Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Map Book 1, Page 219.
Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 39-T, Folio 75-76.
Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46-G, Folio 99-100.
Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46_K, Folio 44-47.
Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46_U, Folio 365-366.

Page 80
Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46-U, Folio 367-368.
Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 46-U, Folio 369-370.
Chatham County, Georgia. Superior Court. Deed Book 47-O, Folio 171-172.
City of Savannah, Georgia. Index to Minutes of Council. October 3, 1945-December 22,

1947.
City of Savannah, Georgia. Index to Minutes of Council. January 9, 1948-April 21, 1950.
City of Savannah, Georgia. Minutes of Council. October 3, 1945-December 22, 1947.
City of Savannah, Georgia. Minutes of Council. January 9, 1948-April 21, 1950.
City of Savannah. City of Savannah Research Library & Municipal Archives. Savannah,
Georgia: Carver Heights Files (varied dates).
Clark, Clifford Edward, Jr. The American Family Home: 1800-1960. Chapel Hill, N.C.: The
University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
“Dedication: Pearl Lee Smith Elementary School.” Savannah School Buildings. Savannah,
GA: Live Oak Public Libraries, Bull Street Library, October 25, 1959.
“Dolphs’s Map of Savannah Georgia.” Fort Lauderdale, Fla: Frank B. Dolph, date
unknown.
“Dorothy Barnes Pelote” www.ask.com/wiki/Dorothy_Barnes_Pelote?0=2801&qsrc=999,

3/24/2013.
Ellis, Chester A., Rev. Carver Heights, Savannah, GA. Interview by Sarah Ward, March 26,
2013.
“Federal Housing Administration.” Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Housing_Administration, modified 16, March
2013.
Georgia Historical Society. Architectural Drawings Carver Village, Savannah, GA. Cletus
W. Bergen A.I.A. Architect. Dwg. #I-1, Comm. No. 524, Dec. 15, 1947.

Page 81
Georgia Historical Society. “Map of The City of Savannah and Vicinity 1888.” Savannah,
GA: 1888. Waring Maps vol. II, plate 34.
Georgia Historical Society. “ City of Savannah and Vicinity 1945.” Savannah, GA: Map
Adopted by Council and Mayor Thomas Gamble, September 20, 1945
Hatfield, Edward A. “Earl T. Shinhoster (1950-2000).” New Georgia encyclopedia.

“History of School Real Estate Owned by the Savannah-Chatham County Public Schools.”
Savannah, GA: Live Oak Public Libraries, Bull Street Library, vertical files (unknown
date).
Kennedy, John G. “Annual Message To City: Council of the Mayor, Savannah, GA. Mayor,
1948.” Savannah, GA: Live Oak Public Libraries, Bull Street Library, vertical files, 1948.
“Lack of Homes Shown In Report.” Savannah Morning News. February 15, 1946, p. 18.
Morris, Shelia Henderson. Carver Heights, Savannah, GA. Interview by Sarah Ward, March
26, 2013.
“New Type of Homes Being Constructed For; Negroes Here.” Savannah Morning News.
November 14, 1948, p. 37.
“1945 Map of City Covers New Wards.” Savannah Morning News. October 24, 1945, p. 14.
Pelote. Dorothy Barnes. Carver Heights, Savannah, GA. Interview by Catherine

Wilson-Martin, December 13, 2012.
Pettus’s Savannah 1947-1948 Directory. Savannah, GA: Office of Publication 15 Bay Street,
West, 1948.
Polk’s Savannah (Chatham County, GA.) City Directory, 1950. Richmond 6, Va: R. L. Polk
& Co., Publishers, 207 Governor St., 1950.
Polk’s Savannah (Chatham County, GA.) City Directory 1951. Richmond 6, Va: R. L. Polk

Page 82
& Co., Publishers, 2910 W. Clay St., P. O. Box 767, 1955.
Polk’s Savannah (Chatham County, GA.) City Directory 1963-64. Richmond 30, Va: R. L.
Polk & Co., Publishers, 2910 W. Clay St., P. O. Box 6874, 1963-64.

Page 83
Popham, John. “Savannah, Ga., Dedicates Carver Village, Said to Be Largest Negro Housing
in South.” The New York Times. June 28, 1948, Savannah, GA: City of Savannah
Research Library & Municipal Archives.
Powers, Johnnie. Carver Heights, Savannah, GA. Interview by Sarah Ward, March 26,
2013.
“Project MK-Ultra.” www.ask.com/wiki/Project_MKUltra?o=2801&qsrc=999, 3/24/2013.
Rossell, Davis and Kelilah M. Spann. “Carver Village, 1948: Vic. West Gwinnett and Googe
Street.” Vernacular Architecture Forum 2007: Savannah and the Low Country, pp.
415-416.
Sanborn Fire Insurance Company. “1955 Plat Map of Savannah, Georgia, Carver Village.”
Metropolitan Planning Commission, 319, 65, vol. 1.
Savannah-Schools Buildings. Live Oak Public Libraries, Bull Street Library (vertical files),
varied dates.
“Small House Living.”

Http://www.smallhouseliving.org/random-thoughts/history-sm-house, 3/29/2013.
“7 Million Asked For Housing Here.” Savannah Morning News. November 30, 1945, p. 20.
Smith, Larry W. Images of America: Savannah’ Historic Public Schools. Charleston, SC:
Arcadia Publishing, 2004.
Spann, Keilah M. “Striving for Quality: A Case Study of the Carver Village Community.”
Chatham County Savannah, GA: Metropolitan Planning Commission, date unknown.
“The GI Bill of Rights.” www.ehow.com/about_542505_gi-billrights.html. 3/29.2013.
Wilson-Martin, Catherine. “UNESCO World Heritage List: An Assessment of the City of

Savannah.” Thesis, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. 1989.
“Work Begins in Two Weeks On 600 Homes for Colored.” Savannah Morning News.
January 10, 1948, p. 12.

Page 84
APPENDIX A:
National Register of Historic Places

Criteria for Evaluation
The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology,

engineering and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects
that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and
association, and:
A. that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution
to the broad patterns of our history; or
B. that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
C. that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method
of construction or that represent the work of a master, or that possess
high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable
entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or
D. that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in
prehistory or history.
*****************************
Ordinarily cemeteries, birthplaces, or graves of historical figures, properties owned by

religious institutions or used for religious purposes, structures that have been moved
from their original locations, reconstructed historic buildings, properties primarily
commemorative in nature, and properties that have achieved significance within the
past 50 years shall not be eligible for the National Register. However, such
properties will qualify if they are integral parts of districts that do meet the criteria or
if they fall within the following categories:

Page 85
A. a religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or
artistic distinction of historical importance; or
B. a building or structure removed from its original location but which is
significant primarily for architectural value, or which is the surviving
structure most importantly associated with a historic person or event; or
C. a birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance if
there is no other appropriate site or building directly associated with his
productive life; or
D. a cemetery which derives its primary significance from graves of persons
of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features,
or from association with historic events; or
E. a reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable
environment and presented in a dignified manner as part of restoration
master plan, and when no other building or structure with the same
association has survived; or
F. a property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or
symbolic value has invested it with its own historical significance; or
G. a property achieving significance within the past 50 years if it is of
exceptional importance.

Page 86
APPENDIX B:
State Historic Preservation Office Evaluations
The following are the “SHPO evaluation” choices as they appear in the Department
of Natural Resources, Historic Preservation Division GNARGIS on line data entry
program:
 Appears not to meet National/Georgia Register criteria

 Appears to meet National/Georgia Register criteria
 May meet National/Georgia Register criteria
 More information needed

Page 87
APPENDIX C:
Integrity Evaluation
A) Good - A building that retains its original exterior material, easily visible form,
shape, and roof line. Partial rear additions and alterations must be at least fifty
years old (circa 1965 or earlier). The building must have its original porch
form and type. Windows and doors may be any date, but must reflect the
original placement and form.
Name of Resource Location Resource No.
Bowden/Carver Village Park Bowden St. at Windburn St. 241157

Alfonzo Wilson House 917 Bowden St. 242006
Earl E. Sanderlin House 909 Bowden St. 242009
Thomas L. Jenkins House 907 Bowden St. 242010
Estella Shedrick House 905 Bowden St. 242011
Rufus Fields House 908 Bowden St. 242014
Herbert Gordon House 910 Bowden St. 242015
Unknown 920 Bowden St. 242018
Lift Station 024 Allen St. at Chambers St. 242020
Readi Frozen Foods Mfrs 804-806½ Bowden St. 242028
Carver Village Home (A) 801 Bowden St. 242030
Carver Village Home (B) 801 Bowden St. 242031
Mattie Price House 800 Carter St. 242038
Uley Hamilton House 806 Carter St. 242039
Isaac Lattimore House 814 Carter St. 242041
James S. Thomas House 811 Carter St. 242044
Hampton W. Lindsay House 803 Carter St. 242049
Richard Johnson House 900 Carter St. 242051
John Shellman, Jr. House 916 Carter St. 242054
Washington Bush, Jr. House 918 Carter St. 242055

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George Flowers House 920 Carter St. 242056
William M. Stedhum House 1012 Carter St. 242069
Hazy Davis, Jr. House 1016 Carter St. 242074
John L. Bacon House 1017 Carter St. 242078
Raymond Palmer House 1009 Carter St. 242079
Mrs. Odessa Hicks House 1001 Carter St. 242081
Oscar Hooks House 1000 Crosby St. 242083
James Smels House 1003 Crosby St. 242084
Joseph Thaxton House 1011 Crosby St. 242086
Carl P. Wright House 1019 Crosby St. 242089
Prima Jenkins House 908 Crosby St. 242091
Leroy G. Hall House 912 Crosby St. 242093
Henry L. Johnson House 918 Crosby St. 242094
Silas Griffin House 920 Crosby St. 242095
Thomas S. Beaton, Jr. House 921 Crosby St. 242096
Leroy Pinkney House 919 Crosby St. 242097
Willie Porter House 915 Crosby St. 242099
Elmore N. Dingle House 903 Crosby St. 242103
Mrs. Pauline Milton House 800 Crosby St. 242104
John C. Maddox House 808 Crosby St. 242106
Clifford Watkins House 813 Crosby St. 242118
Julius Mainer House 805 Crosby St. 242122
John W. Berrian House 801 Crosby St. 242124
Lester Wells House 804 Cubbedge St. 242132
Esau Drayton House 810 Cubbedge St. 242136
Harold Johnson House 814 Cubbedge St. 242138
Samuel L. Wren House 816 Cubbedge St. 242139
Rayfield Kirkland House 815 Cubbedge St. 242144
Mrs. Mary L. Shepherd House 805 Cubbedge St. 242151
Willie A. Kelly House 902 Cubbedge St. 242181
James Jackson House 916 Cubbedge St. 242183
Robert Anderson House 918 Cubbedge St. 242184
James White House 913 Cubbedge St. 242193
Harry Hamilton House 903 Cubbedge St. 242197
Winton Lemons House 1000 Cubbedge St. 242199
Angus Shirley House 1008 Cubbedge St. 242202

Page 89
Franklin Amurson House 1010 Cubbedge St. 242203
Joseph L. Trottle, Jr. House 1012 Cubbedge St. 242204
Rufus Fields House 1016 Cubbedge St. 242206
William G. Jones House 1011 Cubbedge St. 242210
Burrell Scott House 1005 Cubbedge St. 242213
Freddie Frazier House 1004 Googe St. 242218
Joseph Roberson House 1010 Googe St. 242221
Porter Laurel House 1014 Googe St. 242223
James Mobley House 1917 Googe St. 242239
Hardy F. Sanders House 1001 Googe St. 242268
Harry W. Whitley House 910 Googe St. 242274
James M. Brown House 917 Googe St. 242282
Charles Williams House 800 Googe St. 242294
Edward Brown House 804 Googe St. 242296
Jacob Drayton House 810 Googe St. 242299
George Green House 812 Googe St. 242300
Perry Ward, Jr. House 814 Googe St. 242301
Ezekiel Brown House 807 Googe St. 242305
Albert Garland House 805 Googe St. 242306
Ulysses S. Perry House 803 Googe St. 242307
Dock Watson, Jr. House 801 Googe St. 242308
Willie Smith House 808 Lynah St. 242312
Clarence Cullins House 812 Lynah St. 242313
Noland B. Lyons House 820 Lynah St. 242331
Henry Walker House 817 Lynah St. 242333
Charles Hodge House 904 Lynah St. 242339
Walter J. Cleveland House 909 Lynah St. 242343
Dale Davis House 905 Lynah St. 242404
Eddie Green House 901 Lynah St. 242406
Unknown 1008 Lynah St. 242410
Hardy Smith House 1022 Lynah St. 242437
James Mincey House 1019 Lynah St. 242438
Joseph Simpson House 1017 Lynah St. 242439
Fred Cooper House 1015 Lynah St. 242440
Mrs. Annie B. Stephens House 1009 Lynah St. 242443
John Stewart House 1007 Lynah St. 242444

Page 90
Aaron William House 1005 Lynah St. 242445
Clarence F. Smith House 1000 Porter St. 242446
Sumlin Johnson House 1006 Porter St. 242447
Joe F. Henderson House 1008 Porter St. 242448
Rev. Steven N. Frazier House 1010 Porter St. 242449
Nathanal L. Pierce House 1015 Porter St. 242451
Ulysses Cook House 1013 Porter St. 242733
Green Briar Children’s Center Laundry 910 Porter St. 242744
Earl Middleton House 917 Porter St. 242749
Fred Wright House 909 Porter St. 242751
Unknown 905 Porter St. 242753
William G. Wiggins House 802 Porter St. 242756
John S. Green House 812 Porter St. 242759
Paul E. Davis House 814 Porter St. 242760
Izell Williams House 803 Porter St. 242770
Wesley Reid House 801 Porter St. 242771
Ezikel Boggs House 802 Carver St. 242772
Robert Jenkins House 804 Carver St. 242773
Robert Mason House 806 Carver St. 242774
Joseph Heyward House 808 Carver St. 242775
Grady L. Smith House 810 Carver St. 242776
Clarence Pinckney House 812 Carver St. 242777
Rufus Sumpson House 816 Carver St. 242778
William R. Bales House 821 Carver St. 242782
James Council House 817 Carver St. 242784
Henry Brown House 811 Carver St. 242786
Albert Simmons House 807 Carver St. 242788
Nathanal Owens House 904 Carver St. 272792
George Green House 912 Carver St. 242795
Anthony Walker House 920 Carver St. 242798
Mrs. Mary Green House 1002 Carver St. 242804
Joseph Denson House 1002 Wexler St. 242823
Unknown 1016 Wexler St. 242826

Page 91
Charles Mitchell House 902 Wexler St. 242841
Rev. Rufus L. Lee House 922 Wexler St. 242850
Eullie Bush House 905 Wexler St. 242862
Mrs. Mollie Edwards House 812 Wexler St. 242867
Willie Brown House 816 Wexler St. 242869
Thomas J. Reid House 822 Wexler St. 242870
Tillman J. Roundtree House 819 Wexler St. 242871
James T. Wilson House 807 Wexler St. 242878
Sam Wilson House 814 Carroll St. 242889
Unknown 818 Carroll St. 242891
Sess Small House 822 Carroll St. 242893
Johnnie W. Eason House 908 Carroll St. 242897
Elijah Brown House 920 Carroll St. 242904
Bennie Johnson (duplex renter) 1019 Carroll St. 242909
Charles Woodley (duplex renter) 1019½ Carroll St. 242909
Vacant (duplex) 1017 Carroll St. 242910
Mose W. Welch (duplex renter) 1017½ Carroll St. 242910
Leon J. Tugman (duplex renter) 1009 Carroll St. 242913
Robert Jackson (duplex renter) 1009½ Carroll St. 242913
William Small House 1007 Carroll St. 242914
Izell Field House 1018 Collat Ave. 242920
Willie Perkins House 1016 Collat Ave. 242921
Henry L. Kelsey House 1006 Collat Ave. 242926
Willie M. Willis House 1004 Collat Ave. 242927
Herbert Bryant House 1513 Dell St. 242930
Clarence Brown House 1510 Dell St. 242934
Mrs. W. J. Jones House 1504 Dell St. 242936
Peter Williams House 1516 Heron St. 242939
Emanuel Holman House 1511 Heron St. 242951
James Buie House 1515 Heron St. 242953

Page 92
Willie Clark House 1517 Heron St. 242954
James Smith House 1511 Agate St. 242966
Johnnie Maner House 1513 Agate St. 242968
Lonnie Crawford House 1523 Agate St. 242974
William Campbell House 1526 Agate St. 242980
Leroy Ervin, Jr. House 1522 Agate St. 242982
Henry Hipp, Jr. House 1516 Agate St. 242985
B) Fair - A building that retains its original exterior material or reversible materials,
easily visible form, shape, and roof line. Partial or full rear additions may be
any date. Partial front additions and alterations must be at least fifty years old
(circa 1965 or earlier). The building may have its original porch form and type,
or alterations or enclosures, or carport additions. Windows and doors may be
any date, but must reflect the original placement and form.
Henry Holmes House 1011 Bowden St. 242002

Richard Walden House 1007 Bowden St. 242003
Pearly Barnes House 1005 Bowden St. 242004
Maggie Martin House 1001 Bowden St. 242005
James S. Jones House 922 Bowden St. 242019
Mrs. Maggie M. Stevens House 820 Bowden St. 242022
Isaiah S. Gibbs House 814 Bowden St. 242025
Wasten Clark House 810 Bowden St. 242027
Ward Perry House 803 Bowden St. 242032
William Hudson House 811 Bowden St. 242035
Mrs. Dorothy Brown House 812 Carter St. 242040
Evelyn Wilson House 815 Carter St. 242043
E. Elljah Odom House 1002 Carter St. 242059
William Walker House 1004 Carter St. 242060
Joseph L. Thompson House 1006 Carter St. 242064

Page 93
Sam Singleton House 1014 Carter St. 242071
James Williams House 1019 Carter St. 242076
Arthur Murray House 900 Crosby St. 242090
Morgan P. Bedgood House 910 Crosby St. 242092
Leroy M. Senette House 911 Crosby St. 242101
Eddie Thomas House 802 Crosby St. 242105
Geneva W. Simmons House 810 Crosby St. 242110
Julius Cohen House 815 Crosby St. 242117
Leroy Kelley House 811 Crosby St. 242119
Hosey Wilcox House 809 Crosby St. 242120
John W. Jacobs House 807 Crosby St. 242121
Vernon Whitehead House 803 Crosby St. 242123
Mrs. Willie M. Odum House 800 Cubbedge St. 242130
Joseph Spencer House 818 Cubbedge St. 242140
Mrs. Alean G. Jones House 801 Cubbedge St. 242153
George Harris, Jr. House 920 Cubbedge St. 242185
Eugene Daniel, Jr. House 917 Cubbedge St. 242187
Robert Pinkney House 915 Cubbedge St. 242188
Reginald Fanville House 911 Cubbedge St. 242194
John D. Kyles House 907 Cubbedge St. 242195
Willie Farley House 1004 Cubbedge St. 242200
Leola R. Frederick House 1014 Cubbedge St. 242205
Lether Roberts House 1018 Cubbedge St. 242207
John Bing House 1019 Cubbedge St. 242208
Samuel Boyal House 1013 Cubbedge St. 242209
Frank Tillman House 1009 Cubbedge St. 242211
John L. Harmon House 1007 Cubbedge St. 242212
Samuel Butler House 1003 Cubbedge St. 242214
Rudolph Williams House 1001 Cubbedge St. 242215
Amelia Howard House 1006 Googe St. 242219
Isaiah Gibbs House 1012 Googe St. 242222
Charlie Robinson House 1013 Googe St. 242241
Mrs. Dorothy H. Robinson House 1009 Googe St. 242249
Garfield Salter House 1007 Googe St. 242251
Reuben Majors House 900 Googe St. 242269
Hawatha Buford House 906 Googe St. 242272

Page 94
Henry Spearman House 914 Googe St. 242275
Roger Stones House 920 Googe St. 242277
William Davis House 921 Googe St. 242278
Rufus C. West House 919 Googe St. 242280
Willie L. Tobey House 911 Googe St. 242288
Johnnie Lockhart House 904 Googe St. 242291
Benjamin Lonon House 903 Googe St. 242292
Robert A. Hudson House 800 Lynah St. 242309
Simon Pruitt House 818 Lynah St. 242315
Cary Ridout House 819 Lynah St. 242332
Willie F. Stewart House 815 Lynah St. 242334
Edward Parker House 805 Lynah St. 242337
Redell Bryant House 801 Lynah St. 242338
Rosa Carter House 906 Lynah St. 242340
Edward Fletcher House 916 Lynah St. 242342
Frank Lawton House 903 Lynah St. 242405
Lester Manker House 1002 Lynah St. 242407
Elijah Sheppard House 1004 Lynah St. 242408
William E. Henry House 1006 Lynah St. 242409
Hershell Flowers House 1010 Lynah St. 242411
Hollis Burns House 1012 Lynah St. 242412
James A. Bryant House 1013 Lynah St. 242441
Nathanal Jenkins House 1017 Porter St. 242450
Jennie Jones House 1011 Porter St. 242734
Doretha Philpot House 1007 Porter St. 242736
Eullie Bush House 900 Porter St. 242740
Mrs. Minnie H. Walker House 902 Porter St. 242741
Rev. Pastor Mack Lewis House 917½ Porter St. 242748
Oscar J. Mayes House 915 Porter St. 242750
John Sutton House 806 Porter St. 242758
James Whitley House 818 Porter St. 242761
Charlie R. Walker House 805 Porter St. 242769
Billy Wright House 820 Carver St. 242780
Earl Robinson House 822 Carver St. 242781
Lloyd Pinckney House 819 Carver St. 242783

Page 95
J. L. Thorpe House 813 Carver St. 242785
Richard Snooks House 803 Carver St. 242789
Lee H. Garvin House 801 Carver St. 242790
Julian Maxwell House 910 Carver St. 242794
Walter C. Cleveland House 916 Carver St. 242796
Mrs. Luetta C. Upshaw House 918 Carver St. 242797
Ernest Trimble House 913 Carver St. 242801
John H. Wesley House 911 Carver St. 242802
Unknown 909 Carver St. 242803
Edward Oliver House 1009 Carver St. 242819
Willie L. Mincey House 1007 Carver St. 242820
Thomas J. Sellers House 1011 Wexler St. 242835
Levi Rollford House 900 Wexler St. 242840
Wesley Aikens House 906 Wexler St. 242843
Willie Brady House 914 Wexler St. 242847
Johnny Byrnes House 923 Wexler St. 242852
Lee Evans House 919 Wexler St. 242853
Harry Gray House 907 Wexler St. 242858
Robert Robertson House 810 Wexler St. 242866
Mrs. Lenora G. Wright House 817 Wexler St. 242872
Thomas J. Hayward House 804 Carroll St. 242884
Eugene Burgess House 806 Carroll St. 242885
John Michael House 808 Carroll St. 242886
William W. Hamilton House 812 Carroll St. 242888
Thomas Pryor House 816 Carroll St. 242890
Lumis Barker House 912 Carroll St. 242899
Andrew Quarterman House 914 Carroll St. 242903
Henry Hip (duplex renter) 1015 Carroll St. 242911
Thomas Hill (duplex renter) 1015½ Carroll St. 242911
Cebron Holifield (duplex renter) 1013 Carroll St. 242912
Joseph J. Turner (duplex renter) 1013½ Carroll St. 242912
Sol J. Williams House 1001 Carroll St. 242917
James Robertson House 1022 Collat Ave. 242918

Page 96
C. Lloyd Whitehead House 1020 Collat Ave. 242919
Noble Wells House 1014 Collat Ave. 242922
Elijah Powell House 1012 Collat Ave. 242923
Samuel Boyd House 1010 Collat Ave. 242924
Dan Brown House 1008 Collat Ave. 242925
Barney Thomas House 1002 Collat Ave. 242928
Clarence Powers House 1515 Dell St. 242931
Clarence Powers House 1512 Dell St. 242933
Joseph J. Brown House 1506 Dell St. 242935
Joseph Minis House 1514 Heron St. 242940
John McClendon House 1512 Heron St. 242941
James Mitchell House 1510 Heron St. 242942
Otis Williams House 1508 Heron St. 242943
Paul Whitehead House 1506 Heron St. 242944
Charlie Jackson House 1501 Herons St. 242946
Clarence Groover House 1505 Heron St. 242948
Leroy Ervin House 1507 Heron St. 242949
Ernest Jenkins House 1509 Heron St. 242950
Willie Bolden House 1513 Heron St. 242952
John Padgett House 1519 Heron St. 242955
Samuel Manigo, Jr. House 1521 Heron St. 242956
William Smith House 1507 Agate St. 242962
Franklin Carr House 1515 Agate St. 242969
Charlie Mallone House 1517 Agate St. 242970
Joseph H. Qaurterman House 1519 Agate St. 242971
Thomas L. Brice House 1521 Agate St. 272973
Robert Pruitt House 1525 Agate St. 242975
Daniel Burke House 1529 Agate St. 242977
Edward B. Brown House 1528 Agate St. 242979
Harold L. Lindsey House 1524 Agate St. 242981
Walter Washington House 1520 Agate St. 242983
James B. Wilson House 1518 Agate St. 242984
Leroy Jackson House 1512 Agate St. 242987
Elijah Williams House 1508 Agate St. 242988

Page 97
C) Poor - A building that retains its original exterior material or non-historic
reversible materials, partial or full rear additions, partial or full front additions,
partial of full side additions and alterations from any date of construction. The
building may have its original porch form and type, or alterations or
enclosures, or carport additions. Windows and doors may be any date, type or
form.
Henry Hip Jr. House 1019 Bowden St. 241163

Roosevelt Adams House 1017 Bowden St. 241164
George H. Hollaman House 913 Bowden St. 242007
William Simmons House 911 Bowden St. 242008
Robert Frazier House 900 Bowden St. 242012
Rev. Peter J. Southward House 916 Bowden St. 242017
Goodwill Missionary Baptist Church 816-818 Bowden St. 242024
Willie V. Rilington House 812 Bowden St. 242026
J & L Laundry Store 800 Bowden St. 242029
Henry Mack House 805 Bowden St. 242033
Hubert Branch House 819 Bowden St. 242036
Mrs. Clara N. German House 821 Bowden St. 242037
William Grice House 819 Carter St. 242042
Willie R. Butler, Jr. House 809 Carter St. 242045
Benjamin Graham House 807 Carter St. 242046
Walter Howard House 805 Carter St. 242047
Florence Jenkins House 912 Carter St. 242053
Frank McIntosh, Jr. House 905 Carter St. 242057
Martin Culver House 1000 Carter St. 242058
Frank Kent House 1013 Carter St. 242066
Alex Leonard House 1018 Carter St. 242075
Wesley Platt House 1003 Carter St. 242080
Mrs. Alease T. Townsend House 1016 Crosby St. 242082
Mrs. Vera Taylor House 1005 Crosby St. 242085
Essie M. Barnard House 1013 Crosby St. 242087
Robert Moffett House 1015 Crosby St. 242088

Page 98
Mrs. Elizabeth G. Davis House 917 Crosby St. 242098
Thomas Bostick House 913 Crosby St. 242100
Adrian D. Butler House 909 Crosby St. 242102
Mrs. Mary Mackey House 812 Crosby St. 242111
John Ward House 814 Crosby St. 242113
Mrs. Josephine F. Smith House 820 Crosby St. 242114
Charles Collins House 817 Crosby St. 242116
George Florence House 802 Cubbedge St. 242131
Mrs. Lizzie M. Capers House 806 Cubbedge St. 242135
Dent D. Chance House 812 Cubbedge St. 242137
Arthur Spanks House 820 Cubbedge St. 242141
James Brown House 821 Cubbedge St. 242142
Cleo James House 819 Cubbedge St. 242143
Ollie Mulbrow House 811 Cubbedge St. 242145
Mrs. Lula McClendon House 809 Cubbedge St. 242148
James Jones House 807 Cubbedge St. 242150
James W. Murphy House 803 Cubbedge St. 242152
Carl Golden House 910 Cubbedge St. 242182
Rev. Rufus J. Cliffin House 921 Cubbedge St. 242186
Hallie Hardin House 905 Cubbedge St. 242196
Fred Bryant House 901 Cubbedge St. 242198
Unknown 1006 Cubbedge St. 242201
Helen S. Riley House 1000 Googe St. 242216
James Braxton House 1002 Googe St. 242217
Benjamin Gadson House 1008 Googe St. 242220
Robert Walker House 1016 Googe St. 242224
Will Green House 1018 Googe St. 242225
Donald H. Gray House 1019 Googe St. 242238
Warren Williams House 1011 Googe St. 242247
Columbus Hall House 902 Googe St. 242270
Joseph E. Snowden House 908 Googe St. 242273
George W. Fenderson House 916 Googe St. 242276
Barney Brown House 907 Googe St. 242289
Frank A. Bryant House 901 Googe St. 242293
Mrs. Viola R. Chance House 802 Googe St. 242295
Ernest Green House 806 Googe St. 242297

Page 99
Rudolph Alexander House 808 Googe St. 242298
Thadeus H. Moxley House 815 Googe St. 242303
William Thomas House 809 Googe St. 242304
Donald E. Wilson House 802 Lynah St. 242310
Wilbia Pope House 804 Lynah St. 242311
Nathanal F. Boddie House 816 Lynah St. 242314
Rosa Wideman House 813 Lynah St. 242335
Isaac Callahan House 807 Lynah St. 242336
Monroe Howell House 910 Lynah St. 242341
James Smith House 1014 Lynah St. 242413
Albert D. Johnson House 1011 Lynah St. 242442
Rosa M. Mobley House 1005 Porter St. 242737
Johnnie Petterson House 1011 Porter St. 242739
Mrs. Frances L. McNichols House 904 Porter St. 242742
Greenbriar Children’s Center Café 906 Porter St. 242743
Lonnie Batchelor House 916 Porter St. 242745
Percy Jeral House 921 Porter St. 242746
Marion Surrency House 919 Porter St. 242747
Herman Davis House 907 Porter St. 242752
Reuben Mills House 800 Porter St. 242755
Mrs. Pinkey Turner House 804 Porter St. 242757
Noland Lyons & Arnold Ross House 820 Porter St. 242762
Mrs. Mattie Genay House 821 Porter St. 242763
Evelyn W. Newton House 815 Porter St. 242765
New Jerusalem Pentecostal Church
of Christ Church 809 Porter St. 242767
New Jerusalem Pentecostal Church
of Christ Pastor’s House 807 Porter St. 242768
William Nix House 818 Carver St. 242779
Walter Days House 809 Carver St. 242787
Robert Small House 908 Carver St. 242793
Earl Brooks House 921 Carver St. 242799
Leon Johnson House 1004 Carver St. 242805
James Williams House 1001 Carver St. 242822

Page 100
Louise Screven House 1004 Wexler St. 242824
Joseph Eady House 1010 Wexler St. 242825
Rev. G. H. Stokes House 1018 Wexler St. 242827
Johnnie Renfroe, Jr. House 1017 Wexler St. 242832
Roosevelt Wilkerson House 1015 Wexler St. 242833
Ralph Lipsey House 904 Wexler St. 242842
Marion Roach House 908 Wexler St. 242844
Ezell Ward House 910 Wexler St. 242845
Mrs. Julia Hall House 912 Wexler St. 242846
Unknown 922½ Wexler St. 242851
Jim Thomas House 915 Wexler St. 242855
Eldridge Howard House 913 Wexler St. 242856
Ernest Frazier House 909 Wexler St. 242857
Carl Brown House 901 Wexler St. 242863
Frank Johnson House 815 Wexler St. 242873
James Harley House 813 Wexler St. 242874
Varnell J. Davis, Jr. House 811 Wexler St. 242875
James Royal House 809 Wexler St. 242876
Murray Holmes House 803 Wexler St. 242879
Joseph Barnwell House 814 Wexler St. 242868
Joe Sanders House 804 Wexler St. 242865
Timothy Singleton House 810 Carroll St. 242887
Maceo R. Pelote & Dorothy Barnes
Pelote House 910 Carroll St. 242898
David R. Story (duplex renter) 1021 Carroll St. 242908
Vacant (duplex) 1021½ Carroll St. 242908
Oscar Wiggins House 1005 Carroll St. 242915
John Sutton, Jr. House 1003 Carroll St. 242916
George H. White House 1517 Dell St. 242932
Henry Pace, Jr. House 1502 Dell St. 242937

Page 101
Ernest Mays House 1518 Heron St. 242938
Unknown 1501 Agate St. 242959
Willie Baker House 1527 Agate St. 242976
Cleveland I. Smalls House 1531 Agate St. 242978
Eddie Jones House 1017 Cubbedge St. 243047
D) Not-Historic - A building constructed circa 1965 or after. A historic building

that has permanent, non-historic, non-reversible exterior materials, complete
loss of form, shape, and roof line. Partial or full rear additions, partial or full
front additions, partial or full side additions or second-story additions, and
alterations from any date of construction. Any historic building that has been
completely encapsulated. The building may have its original porch form and
type, or alterations or enclosures, or carport additions. Windows and doors
may be any date, placement and form. These buildings were not included in
the survey, but were evaluated in a windshield survey.
Unknown 1018 Lynch St. 242436


Page 102
Unknown 1501 Dell St. 242929
Benjamin Lee House 1502 Heron St. 242945
Sylvester Jones House 1503 Heron St. 242947
Wardell Haggen House 1509 Agate St. 242963
Lonnie Edwards House 1514 Agate St. 242986
Unknown 1506 Agate St. 242989
Kennedy Park Collat Ave. & Carroll St. 242990
William McFadden House 911 Carter St. 242991
James C. Overstreet House 915 Carter St. 242992
Sumpter Wesley House 921 Carter St. 243030
Mrs. Lela Alexander House 914 Carter St. 243031
Frederick Bolden House 810 Carter St. 243032
George Sykes House 808 Carter St. 243036
Elmer R. Ruffner House 904 Carter St. 243038
Mrs. Mattie Smith House 910 Carter St. 243039
Theo Thomas House 917 Carter St. 243040
George Myers House 903 Carter St. 243041
Herbert Sloberry House 901 Carter St. 243042
Willie F. Stewart House 1014 Crosby St. 243043
Robert M. Chisley House 908 Carter St. 243044
Theo R. Clayton House 806 Crosby St. 243045
Nathan A. Blackshear House 914 Cubberage St. 243046
Sol N. Dalton House 1006 Crosby St. 243048
Joseph Daise House 914 Porter St. 243094
Mrs. Odessa G. Haggan House 917 Carver St. 243100

Page 103
APPENDIX D:
Properties Now Destroyed
801 Carter St. (house replaced by new construction)

801 Allen Avenue (gas station)
903 Bowden Street (house-razed 2-19-2004 according to Chatham County
property records)
813 Bowden Street (house)
1001-1003 Lynah Street (apartment building)
1016 Lynah Street (house)
1011 Carroll Street (house)

Page 104

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Historic Resources Survey

Carver Heights/Carver Village, Savannah, Georgia

Metropolitan Planning Commission

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

The City of Savannah Carver Heights/Carver Village Survey of Historic Resources

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Page 8

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

Map #1, Map of Coleraine Tweedside Plantation 13

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

The Carver Heights/Carver Village, Georgia Historic Resource Survey of 2012-2013

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

Additional research is necessary, on a house-by-house basis, to establish the historic

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

Early 1900 Savannah Housing Development

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

12 “Federal Housing Administration.” wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Federal_Housing_Administration,

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

Figure #2 - Cletus W. Bergen Front Elevation Carver Village House

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

The Carver Village Mission Improvement Organization was formed in 1968 to

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

Building types are usually referred to as a typical or a common house. Architectural

The following is an assessment of the historic architecture found in Carver Heights/

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

American Small House

This one-story, square or rectangular, compact house occasionally had Colonial

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

Photo #1 - Side-Gabled American Small House (Resource #242009)

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

Photo #3 - Hip Roof American Small House (Resource #242788)

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

Photo #5 - Front-Gabled American Small House (Resource #242051)

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

Photo #7 - Pipe Porch Post (Resource #24333)

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

Photo #9 - English Vernacular Revival designed by Cletus W. Bergen

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTS incorporated Historic Resources Survey

Photo #11 - Concrete Block Porch Post (Resource #242862)