Professional Documents
Culture Documents
D O N G T IT
TIENG ANH
5
THANH HA
7
DONG TU TIENG ANH
8
THANH HA
Vi du:
- He draws.
A nh ay ve.
- We work.
Chung toi lam viec.
- I felt tired.
Toi cam thay met moi.
Noi dong tii dUdc chia thanh hai nhom: dong tii noi
(ilinking verb) va dong tit khong noi (not linking verb).
Dong tii noi: theo sau la mot danh tit nen de nham
vdi ngoai dong tii, nhUng danh tu! theo sau dong tit noi
luon noi ve ngUdi hay vat co vai tro la chu ngut cua dong
tii. Dong tii noi thUdng dimg la “be”, “become, turn, g et” .
Vi du:
- This wallet is Lan’s mother.
Cai vi nay la cua me Lan.
- She has becom e a singer.
Co ay da trd thanh ca si.
- He turned out to be my mother’s doctor.
Hod ra ong ay la bac si cua me toi.
Theo sau dong tii noi co the la tinh tu: hay trang tii
mo ta hoac dinh vi cho chu ngi3.
Vi du:
- She is very big.
Co ay rat beo.
- The building looks solid,
Tod nha trong rat vihig chac.
- The table is over here.
Cai ban d day.
Nhieu dong tit co the la ngoai dong tif hoac noi
dong tii tuy theo sU xuat hien cua tan ngfl hay khong.
Vi du:
- He draws.
9
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
10
THANH HA
1. Hinh thtfc
T rong cau khang dinh, thi hien tai co hai hinh
thiic: nguyen mau (base form ) va ngoi thijt ba so it them
“s/es” (S-form ). Hinh thiic nguyen mau diidc sU dung v 6i
nhQng chu ngO “I I we I you / they'. Hinh thiic “S-
form ” diidc dung v 6i cac chu tii “he / she / it” hoac bat
cif cau true danh tii nao ma nhiing tii tren co the thav
the.
I I we I you / they + V (nguyen mau)
he / she / it + V- s /es
* Quy tac them “s/es” vao sau dong tii nguyen mau,
neu dong tii d ngoi thii ba so it:
- Neu V tan cung bang “o”, them “es”
Vi du:
to go: He goes (Anh ay di)
to do: He does (Anh ay lam)
- V tan cung bang “x, ss, sh, ch” thi them “es”
Vi du:
to fix: He fixes (Anh ay siia)
to cross: She crosses (Co ay di qua)
to brush: She brushes (Co ay chai)
to teach: She teaches (Co ay day h oc)
to watch: My little baby watches TV (difa be cua toi
xem TV)
- V tan cung bang “v” (difng sau mot phu am) triio'c
khi them “s” phai doi “y ” thanh “ie” .
Vi du:
to marry: He marries (Anh ta ci/di)
to study: He studies (Anh ta hoc)
11
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
2 . C a ch su1 d u n g
a. D ien ta m ot sti viec, m ot h a n h d o n g th e o th o i
q u en h o a c lap di la p la i
C ac d o n g tii c h i tan su a t d i k e m : always, often,
usually, sometimes, every, regularly, rarely, ...
Vi du:
12
THANH HA
13
DONG TU TIENG ANH
1. H in h thvfc
Quy tac chia cho tat ca cac ngoi cua chu ngii la
S + be + V-ing
I + am
we I you / they + are
he I she I it + is
to take taking
to have having
to change changing
nhUng:
to be being
to see seeing
- Dong tu: tan cung bang tie’/ trufdc khi them “m g”
phai doi “ie” thanh “3/”
VI du:
to lie lying
to die dying
to tie tying
- Dong tii tan cung bang mot mot nguyeruam va
mot phoaJim, trU6c khi them “m g” phai gap doi phu am
cuoi.
Vi du:
to cut cutting
to stop stopping
to put putting
nhUng:
to book booking
to watch watching
15
p o------------------------
__■ n g t it h e n b --a-------
nh
16
THANH HA
Vi du:
- I am graduating next week.
Tdi se tot nghiep vdo tuan tdi.
- W e are going to Ho Chi Minh city tomorrow.
Chung toi se den thanh ph o H o Chi M inh vdo ngay
mai.
- She is opening her fashion shop next Monday.
Co ay se khai tritcfng ciCa hang thdi trang vdo thU
hai tuan tdi.
Ngoai le:
* “to s e e ” dung dang -ing v 6i nghia: “hen gap,
tham ” ...
Vi du:
- I am seeing the sights of London.
Tdi dang di thdm nhiCng cdnh dep cua Ludn don.
- He is seeing me tonight.
A nh ay se gap toi vdo tdi nay.
* “to fe e l” dung dang -ing v 6i nghia: “cam thay”
(khoe, met,...)
- I’m feeling tired today,_____________ ___ _
[ DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN ]
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
1. Hinh thtic.
Vi du:
- You have seen that movie many times.
Ban do. xem bo phim nay mot nhieu Ian.
- I think I have met him once before.
Toi nghl la. toi da gap anh ay mot Ian triidc do.
- There have been many earthquakes in California.
Da nhieu Ian dong dat a Calfornia.
- People have traveled to the Moon.
18
THANH HA
2. Cach dung.
a. Dien ta mot hanh dong, mot suC viec xay ra d
mot thdi diem khong xac dinh 6 qua khil.
Vi du:
- The army has attacked that city five times.
Quan doi da tan cong vdo thanh pho do 5 Ian.
- The rain hasn't stopped.
Miia da tanh.
- Tom has gone to London.
Tom da di London.
- I have bought a new skirt.
Toi da mua mot chiec vay mdi.
- He has missed two exams.
Anh ay da thi tri/cft hai Ian.
b. Dien ta mot hanh dong, mot si/ viec bat dau tit
qua khu con tiep dien den hien tai va co the
keo dai den tan titdng lai.
Vi du:
- I have studied in this school for many years.
Tdi da hoc d tri/dng nay nhieu nam qua.
- You have grown since the last time I saw you.
Ban da triidng thanh hcfn ke tii Ian triidc tdi gap
ban.
- My English has really im proved since I moved to
Australia.
Tieng Anh cua tdi diidc nang cao ke tii khi tdi
chuyen den Australia.
- The government has becom e more interested in
arts education..
Chinh phii trd nen quan tam hdn den nghe thuat
giao due.
19
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
* Chu y:
- Nhieu ngUdi de nham cach sU dung cua thi hien
tai hoan thanh vdi thi qua khii thUdng. Qua khit thitcfng
di kem vdi cac trang t\i chi thdi gian xac dinh d qua
khii.' Thdi gian do co the xuat hien trUc tiep trong cai>
hoac co the dUdc hieu ngam. Thi hien tai hoan thanh
thUdng khong co tii chi thdi gian xac dinh di kem.
- I have bought a new skirt.
Toi da mua chiec vay mdi.
- I bought a new skirt yesterday.
Horn qua toi da mua chiec vay mdi.
- I bought the skirt after all.
Sau cung tdi da mua chiec vay do.
- We haven’t seen that film.
Chung tdi chita titng xem bo phim do.
- We didn’t see that film yesterday.
Horn qua chung tdi khong xem bo phim do.
-Thi hien tai hoan thanh thUdng hay dUdc dung vdi
cac trang t\i: since, for, already, yet, just, recently,
lately, ever never, nearly, hardly,...
20
THANH HA
1. Hinh thttc.
Vi du:
- You have been waiting here for two hours.
Ban da dai cj day 2 tieng roi.
- Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
Gan day, toi hay cam thay met moi.
- She has been working at that company for three
years.
Co ay da lam viec d cong ty do ditdc 3 nam roi.
- W hat have you been doing for the last 30
minutes?
Ban da lam g i trong 30 phut trtfdc.
- James has been teaching at the university since
June.
Jam es dang day d triidng dai hoc tii thang sau.
2. Cach dung.
a. Dien ta mot hanh dong bat dau tai mot thdi
diem trong qua khii, keo dai den hien tai va
van tiep dien.
Vi du:
- Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for
the last three days?
Tai sao N ancy khong noi chuyen vdi bac si cua co
ay trong ba ngay q u a ?
- She has been performing for two hours.
Co ay bieu dien da hai tieng dong ho.
21
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
22
THANH HA
T H I TlfCfNG LAI
. Hinh thvfc.
I / we + shall + V (nguyen mau)
he / she / it /you /they + will + V (nguyen mau)
Vi du:
- I shall go to school late.
Toi se den triidng muon.
- Shall we go to the cinema this evening?
Chung ta se di xem phim toi nay chu!?
- My family will leave Ha Noi next month.
Gia dinh tdi se rtii Ha Noi vdo thang sau.
- He will come back soon.
Anh ay se quay lai s&m thdi.
- It will be right.
Moi chuyen se on thdi.
2. Cach dung.
a. Dien ta mot viec lam, mot hanh dong, mot stf
viec se xay ra trong tiidng lai.
Vi' du:
- Linda will marry next month.
Linda se ket hdn vdo thang tdi.
- I think he will do well.
Tdi nghi anh ay se lam tot.
- He will finish new cataloge next week.
Anh ay se hoan thanh ca-ta-lo mdi vdo tuan tdi.
- They will never come here again.
Ho se khong bao gid den day niia.
23
DONG TU TIENG ANH
1. H in h thtfc.
I am
he / she/ it is + going to + V
You/ w e/they are
Vi du:
- He can't see her tomorrow because his friends
are coming to see him.
Anh ay khong the gap co ay vdo ngay mai vi ban
cua anh ay se den thdm anh ay.
- I am going to buy a new motorbike.
Tdi se mua mot chiec xe may mdi.
- I feel tired. I'm going to be ill.
Tdi cam thay met. Tdi sap om roi.
24
THANH HA
25
DONG TUTTIENG ANH
1. Hinh thtic.
I / we shall be +V-ing
you I he / she / they will be +V-ing
/ it
Vi du:
- We shall be staying at home at 6 o’clock this
evening.
Chung toi se dang d nha vdo luc 6 gid tdi nay.
- She'll be teaching at this time next week.
Gid nay tuan sau cd ay se dang day hoc.
- At 8 o’clock tomorrow he will be working.
Vdo luc 8 gid ngay mai anh ay se dang lam viec.
2. Cach dung.
a. Dien td mot hdnh dong dang xdy ra tai mot
thdi diem trong ti/dng lai.
Vi du:
- I'll be doing my exercise in the evening.
Tdi se dang lam Bai tap vdo buoi toi.
- What will you be doing at this time tom orrow 0
Vdo gid nay ngay mai ban se dang lam gi?
- 1 11 probably be lying on a beautiful beach at this
time next week.
Cd the tdi se dang ndm tren mot bai bien dep vdo
gid nay tuan sau.
- At that time tomorrow we shall be working .
Vdo gid do ngay mai tdi se dang lam viec.
THANH HA
1. Hinh thtfc:
I / we shall have + Pn (past
participle)
he t she / it / you / will have + Pu (past
they participle)
Vi du:
- When you arrive. I'll have gone to bed.
Khi ban den, toi se da di ngu roi.
- I'll have finished this course next month.
27
DONG TiTTltNG ANH
2. Cach dung.
a. Dien td mot viec bat dau tii triidc va se hoan
thanh tai mot thdi diem d titctng lai.
Vi du:
- I’ll have finished the essay in two months.
Toi se hoan thanh Bai tieu luan trong hai thang.
- Next week is Tom and M ary’s 24th wedding
anniversary. They will have been maried for 24th
years.
Tuan tdi se la ki niem ngay ciidi Ian thu: 24 cua
Tom va Mary. Luc do ho da lay nhau diidc 24
ndm roi.
- I shall have spent all my money before the end of
my holiday.
Toi se tieu het so tien cua minh triidc khi ki nghi
ket thuc.
- She will have written three songs by the end of
this year.
Cd ay se viet xong ba Bai hat vdo cuoi ndm nay.
- By the end of the month, I’ll have been here for
two years.
Vao cuoi thang nay, toi se d day diidc hai ndm.
b. Dien td mot viec se hoan thanh va co lien
quan tdi mot viec khac d tiictng lai.
Vi du:
- We shall have arrived by the time you finish
dressing.
Chung toi se den vdo luc ma ban mac xong quan
do.
28
THANH HA
THI O LA KHLT
S + V-ed
30
THANH HA
31
DONG
__■ TIT TIENG ANH
---------------------------------
2. Cach dung
a. Dien td mot hdnh dong hay mot tinh huong da
xdy ra trong qua khii.
- Pho tu: chi thdi gian qua khii di kem: yesterday,
last week, a month ago,... (Nhieu triidng hdp khong co
pho tu: ma hieu qua van canh).
Vi du:
- Did you call Debbie?
Ban da goi cho Debbie chiia?
- I met her in the supermarket yesterday.
Tdi da gap co ay d sieu thi ngay hdm qua.
- We were sorry to hear about the accident.
Chung toi rat buon khi nghe ve vu tai nan.
- He made me do it all again.
Anh ay da khien toi phai lam lai no.
■ She washed her car.
Cd ay da riia o to.
b. Dien td mot hdnh dong theo thdi quen hoac
lap di lap lai trong qua khit.
- Cac pho tit chi tan suat di kem (often, usually,
sometime, rarely, when I was a child, when I was
younger, ...)
Vi du:
- I often stayed up late.
Tdi thi/cfng thiic khuya.
■ We always went to school on time.
Chung tdi luon den triidng dung gia.
■ He usually came to work by car.
Anh ay thu’dng xuyen di lam bang o to.
- Sometimes I woke up early.
Thinh thoang toi thiic day s&m.
- She studied French when she was a child.
Cd ay hoc tieng Phap khi con nho.
32
THANH HA
1. Hinh thufc.
33
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
2. Cach dung.
a. Dien td mot sU viec, hdnh dong dang dien ro
vdo thdi diem nhat dinh trong qua khil.
Vi du:
- Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
Toi dang an toi luc 6 gid hom qua.
- My family was living in Ho Chi Minh City last
year.
Gia dinh toi da song d thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
ndm ngoai.
- My sister was writing the letter in her room.
Chi gai tdi dang viet thii d trong phong
- I was cutting the grass in the garden.
Toi dang cat co trong vitdn.
- They were working in the field at that time.
Luc do, ho dang lam viec d ngoai dong.
b. Dien td mot hdnh dong dang dien ra trong
qua khil thi cd mot hdnh dong khac cat ngang
(hanh dong dang dien ra dung qua khu tiep dien.
hanh dong kia dung qua khu thUdng).
Vi du:
- I was watching TV when she called.
Khi co ay goi, toi dang xem TV.
- I came back from school, my mother was cooking.
Toi di hoc ve khi me toi dang nau an.
- What were you doing when the earthquake
started?
Ban dang lam g i khi dong dat xdy ra?
c. Dien td nhiing hdnh dong dong thdi xdy ra
trong qua khi/.
VI du:
- I was studying while he was making dinner.
Tdi dang hoc trong khi anh ay lam cdm toi.
34
THANH HA
1. Hinh thufc.
S + had + P u (V p a s t
p a r t ic ip l e )
VI du:
- Had you studied English before you moved to
New York?
Ban da hoc tieng Anh triidc khi den New York
chiia?
- We were not able to get a hotel room because we
had not booked in advance.
Chung tdi da khong tim diidc phong nao trong
khdch san vi chung toi khong dat triidc.
- When I came, he had gone home.
Khi toi den, anh ay da ve nha roi.
- The man was a stranger to me. I had never seen
him before.
Ngildi dan ong do la mot ngiidi xa la vdi toi. Toi
chiia bao gid gap ong ay triidc kia.
2. Cach dung.
Thi q u a k h ii h o a n th a n h diicfc d u n g de d ien td
35
DONG TU TIENG ANH
1. Hinh thtfc.
S + h a d b een + V-
________ ing
Vi du:
- You had been waiting there for more than two
hours when she arrived.
Ban da chd d do hem hai gid khi cd ay den.
- They had been talking for over an hour before
Tony arrived.
Ho da. noi chuyen hefn mot gid triidc khi Tony den.
36
THANH HA
2. Cach dung.
Thi qua khil hoan thanh tiep dien thildng
ditctc dung de dien td mot sU viec da va dang
dien ra triidc mot hdnh dong khac trong qua
khil.
Vi du:
- M ike wanted to sit down because he had been
standing all day at work.
M ike muon ngoi xuong vi anh ay da phai ditng
lam viec cd ngay.
- James had been teaching at the university for
more than a year before he left for Asia.
Jam es dang day d tritdng dai hoc hon mot ndm
triidc khi anh ay chuyen tdi Asia.
- How long had you been studying Turkish before
you moved to Ankara?
Ban da hoc d Tho N hi Ky bao lau triidc khi ban
chuyen
den Ankara ?
- I had not been studying Turkish very long.
Tdi da hoc d Tho N hi Ky rat lau.
- Jack was tired because he had been jogging.
Jack da qua met vi anh ay da chay bo nhieu.
3/
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
38
THANH HA
39
DONG TU TIENG ANH
van noi hoac than mat (iinformal); Dung “not” trong v&n
viet hoac trang trong (formal).
Is” , “are”, “was” va “were” ket hdp vdi “n't” de hinh
thanh thiic rut gon la “isn't” , “aren't”, “wasn't” va
“weren't” . Khi phat am doc la: / izntl, la:ntl, r w ............
Hinh thiic “am ” khong di vdi “n't” trong tieng Anh
chuan. Vi no gay nen kho khan khi sii dung cau hoi phu
dinh vdi dong tit “be" va chu tu: “7” . Mot so' ngUdi dung
Aren't IT' nhung cau true nay khong phai d dau cung
chap nhan la tieu chuan, nen da so dung “Am I notT
hoac khong thi tranh cach dung nay.
Hinh thiic day du “he is not" co the dUdc noi theo
hai cach “he's not” hoac “he isn’t” . Tudng tu, ta co “you're
not” hoac “you aren’t “we’re not” hoac “we aren’t
“they're not” hoac “they aren’t” . Hinh thiic “I am not” chi
co mot dang rut gon la ‘T m not” .
Be + S + complement?________
Vi du:
- Is your brother taller than you?
Anh trai ban cao hcfn ban a?
- Is Heitor in class this morning?
Sang nay H eitor co d Idp khong?
- Are you happy now?
Hien gid anh co hanh phuc khong?
- Are they tired?
Ho co met khong?
- Is she Mary?
Co ay cd phai la M ary khong?
41
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
42
THANH HA
43
DONG TU TIENG ANH
45
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
46
THANH HA
47
DONG
_______________ ___________■ TU TIENG ANH
__________________________________________
48
THANH HA
49
DONG TU TIENG ANH
L am having 1 1 shall be
He He was having We having
She s having She You
t It He will be
Tiep d iin having
We We She
You are having It
You were
They They
They having
1 1 1 shall have
We We We had
You have had You You
They They had had He
i
50
THANH HA
1 P 1 shall have
We We We been having
You have been You had been You
They having They having He will have
Hoan thanh He She been having
He
iep di§n She It
She has been
It They
It having
51
DONG Tlf TIENG ANH
■________________
52
THANH HA
53
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
54
THANH HA
55
DONG TU TIENG ANH
56
THANH HA
1. CAN
a. Dien td khd ndng ve vat chat hoac tinh than d
hien tai hoac titctng lai.
Vi'du: '
- Can you tell me the way to the post office,
please?
57
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
Ban co the chi cho toi duting tdi bitu dien ditto
khong?
- I can cook delicious fish and chicken.
Toi co the nau mon cd va mon ga rat ngon.
- He can play chess and he can write computer
programs.
Anh ay co the chcti cd va co the viet chitctng trinh
may tinh.
- I can’t play the guitar.
Tdi khong the chcti guitar.
b. Su co the hay khd ndng co the xdy ra.
Vi du:
- You can meet her tommorrow.
Ban cd the gap cd ay vdo ngay mai.
- It's too noisy. We can’t study well.
on do qua. Chung tdi khong the hoc aiCcjc.
- I don't know the answer. Can you tell me?
Tdi khong biet cau trd Idi. Ban cd the noi cho toi
biet diicjc khong?
- I can show you where the bank is.
Tdi cd the chi cho ban ngan hang d dau.
c. Su cho phep
Vi du:
- Can I open the window? It’s stuffy here.
Tdi cd the md ciia so diicic khong? d day ngot ngat
qua.
- You can use my phone.
Ban cd the dung dien thoai cua tdi.
- \ou can leave now if you wish.
Ban cd the di neu ban muon.
- Can we email this list?
Chung tdi cd the gid mail danh sach nay khong?
- You can’t smoke on the bus.
58
THANH HA
2. COULD
a. Khd ndng ve vat chat hoac tinh than trong
qua khu
VI du:
- I could run ten miles in my twenties.
Toi cd the chay 10 dam khi toi khoang 20 tuoi.
- We could see it clearly.
Chung toi co the trdng thay no ro rang.
- They could play the piano when they was five.
Ho co the chcti piano khi ho 5 tuoi.
- She read the message but she couldn’t
understand it.
Cd ay doc tin nhan nhiing khong the hieu diidc.
- W omen couldn't vote until just after the First
W orld War.
Phu nii khong the bau cii cho den tan sau chien
tranh the gi&i thii nhat.
b. Khd ndng vdi y dieu kien
Vi du:
- John could be the one who stole the money.
John co the la ngiidi dd lay trom tien.
- You could spend your vacation in Hawaii.
Ban co the di nghi d Hawaii.
- If I had a car, I couldn’t go to work late.
Neu toi co o to, tdi se khong di lam muon.
- If we had more time, we could travel around the
world.
Neu chung tdi cd nhieu thdi gian hdn, chung tdi
dd cd the di du lich vong quanh the gi&i.
c. Ldi yeu cau, de nghi lich sU.
Vi du:
59
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
60
THANH HA
3. WILL
a. y d in h tr o n g tiicfng lai
Vi du:
61
DONG TIT TitNG ANH
62
THANH HA
sharp.
Ban phai tin toi. Toi nhat dinh d do vdo dung 8
gia.
- Don't worry! You'll settle down quickly, I'm sure.
Ditng lo! Ban se binh tinh nhanh thdi, tdi chdc
chan day.
- Don't bother ringing: they'll have left for their 10
o'clock lecture.
Ditng ngai goi dien: ho se d en giang diidng luc
10 gid.
d. Dien td mot thdi quen hay viec thitdng xdy ra 6
hien tai.
Vi du:
- She will sing songs after songs.
Cd ay cii hat het Bdi no den Bdi kia.
- For the main course, I'll have grilled tuna.
Tdi thitdng an cha cd ngii cho bita an chinh.
- I'm not surprised you don't know what to do! You
will keep talking in class.
Tdi khong ngac nhien khi anh khong biet lam gi
cd. Anh ludn noi chuyen trong Idp.
- He will bite his nails, whatever I say.
Tdi noi g i anh ta cung can mong tay.
e. M enh lenh chinh thiic
Vi du:
- You will do your homework.
Con phai lam Bdi tap ve nhd.
- All peoples will return to their quarterrs before 9
o'clock.
Tat cd moi ngitdi phai trd ve khu viic cua minh
triidc 9 gid.
63
DONG TUTlfeNG ANH
4. WOULD
a. Titdng lai trong hinh thiic tubng thuqt
Vi du:
- He said the next meeting would be in a month's
time.
Anh ay noi rang cuoc hop sap tdi se dien ra trong
1 thang niia.
- She told me that she would visit us some day.
Co ay noi vdi toi rang co ay se den thdm chung
toi mot ngay nao do.
- I knew that they would be very successful in
their career.
Tdi biet rang ho se rat thanh cong trong nghe
nghiep.
b. Thdi quen trong qua khit
Vi du:
- W hen I was small, we would always visit
relatives on Christmas Day.
Khi tdi con nho, chung tdi thitdng di thdm ho
hang vdo dip le Giang Sinh.
■ I would phone him when I felt bored.
Tdi thitdng goi dien cho anh ay khi tdi cam thay
buon.
- They would go to school by bus.
Ho thitdng tdi tritdng bang xe buyt.
- W hen they first met, they would always have
picnics on the beach.
Khi ho mdi gap nhau, ho thitdng di picnic ra
bien.
c. Trong cau dieu kien khong cd that d hien tai
Vi du:
- If I ruled the world, every day would be the first
day of Spring.
64
THANH HA
65
BONG TUT TIENG ANH
f. “W ou ld ’ + have + P II
* Dien ta su viec trong qua khii nhiing khong that
sii xay ra.
Vi du:
- She would have burnt herself.
Co ay suyt lam bong minh.
- They would have come early.
Ho dd co the den sdm.
- I would have agreed with you.
Tdi dd cd the dong y vdi anh.
* Gia dinh d qua khii.
Vi du:
- I put an umbrella on the chair, but someone
would have taken it away.
Tdi dat cai o d tren ghe nhitng ai dd da cam no
di.
I came and saw Tom but he didn’t stay at home.
Maybe he would have worked.
Tdi den gap Tom nhitng anh ay khong cd nhd. Co
le anh ay di lam.
g. “Would like” + to + V: dien td m ong muon, xin
phep diidc lam gi (le phep, lich stf).
Vi du:
- I would like the menu please.
Lam cm cho tdi mitdn thiic dcfn.
- W ould you like to drink?
Ban cd muon uong g i kh ong?
- W ould you give me a ring after lunch?
Sau bita trita anh goi dien cho tdi nhe.
5. SHALL
a. Gcfi y hay de nghi (suggestion).
Vi du:
66
THANH HA
67
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
6. SHOULD
a. B on phan, nghia vu bat buoc d hien tai hoac
tUOng lai
Vi du:
- The university should provide more sports
facilities.
Trii'dng dai hoc phai cung cap them cac phitdng
tien the thao.
- The equipment should be inspected regularly.
Trang thiet bi nen diidc kiem tra thii'dng xuyen.
- You should work hard.
Ban nen lam viec cham chi hdn.
b. D ieu m on g m u on
Vi du:
- The letter should get to you tomorrow - I posted
it first class.
Thu se tdi tay ban vdo ngay mai. Toi dd giiti
chuyen phat nhanh.
- This play should be really good.
Vd kich nay chdc la rat hay.
- By now, they should already be in Dubai.
Den bay gid, chdc ho se d Dubai.
c. Ldi k h u yen , gcfi y:
Vi du:
- People with high cholesterol should eat low-fat
foods.
Nhiing ngiidi co cholesterol cao nen an thiic an it
beo.
68
THANH HA
69
dong TurnlNG anh
70
THANH HA
7. MAY
a. SvC ditcfc phep co the lam viec gi.
Vi du: ’
- Johnny, you may leave the table when you have
finished your dinner.
71
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
72
THANH HA
73
DONG Tlj TIENG ANH
8. MIGHT
a. Stf xin phep hoac khd ndng co the xay ra
trong qua khit.
Vi du:
- Might I turn the TV on?
Toi co the bat ti vi ditcjc kh ong?
- Might you turn back?
Anh co the quay lai ditdc kh ong?
- My mother agreed that I might go out.
Me tdi dong y rang toi co the di chcti.
b. Khd ndng co the xdy ra d hien tai hoac ti/ctng
lai.
Vi du:
- I am studying late tonight so that I might go out
tomorrow.
Toi hoc Bdi muon dem nay la de ngay mai toi di
chcti.
- England might win the W orld Cup, you never
know.
Ban khong bao gid biet rang, England cd the
doat World Cup.
- Don’t climb on that tree; you might fall.
Ditng treo len cai cay dd, ban cd the bi nga day.
- She might come this evening
Cd ay cd the den vdo toi nay.
74
THANH HA
). MUST
i. Sii bat buoc, menh lenh, can thiet
Vi du:
- I really must get some exercise.
Tdi that s it phai lam mot vdi Bdi the due.
- People must try to be more tolerant of each
:other.
Moi ngitdi phai khoan dung hdn vdi ngitdi khac.
- We must keep silent in class.
Chung tdi phai giit trat tit trong Idp.
* Chu y: Phu dinh “must not” hoac “mustn't” : cam
doan, bat buoc khong dUdc lam viec gi, khong dUdc phep
(prohibition).
Vi du:
- You m usn’t smoke here.
75
DONG TUTTllNG ANH
76
THANH HA
10. DARE
Nguf phap cua “dare” khong nhat quan
- La dong tit khuyet thieu, tUdng tu nhu “can” .
“Dare” co hai dang chinh la: hien tai “dare” va qua
khii “dared” .
Vi du:
- He dared not lie you.
A nh ay khong dam noi doi anh dau.
- They daren’t criticize him.
H o khong dam ph e binh ong ta.
- How dare you speak to me like that?
Sao anh dam noi vdi toi nhit th e?
- I daren't tell her.
Toi khong dam ke vdi co ay.
* Chu y:
- NgUdi ta co the sU dung “dare” nhu mot dong tu:
thUdng. Vi du:
77
DONG Tir TIENG ANH
11. NEED
a. “Need” cung giong “dare” la nguf phap khong
nhat quan, tuy nhien difofc dung pho bien hdn
nhat la trong cau phu dinh va cau nghi van.
78
THANH HA
Vi du:
- Need they really do it?
Ho co thiic sit can lam dieu do kh ong?
- She needn't come tomorrow - it isn't necessary.
Co ay khong can den vdo ngay mai. Dieu do
khong can thiet.
- This is the only thing we need do.
Day la dieu duy nhat chung ta can lam.
- Need I lock the door when I leave? ~ No, you
needn't. Sarah will be home soon.
Tdi cd can khoa cita khi di khong? ~ Khong,
khong can. Sarah se trd ve nhd ngay.
b. “need” b cau khang dinh vdi nhufng tvf ngu y
nghi ngd hoac sau mot dong tvf d dang phu
dinh.
Vi du:
- I don’t think I need meet him.
Tdi khong nghl la tdi can gap anh ay.
- I doubt that she needn't visit my aunt and uncle.
Tdi nghi ngd la cd ay khong can den thdm cd chu
cua tdi.
c. Needn’t + have + Pn: dien ta hanh dong dang
le khong can lam
Vi du:
- You needn’t have gone to the supermarket.
There’s plenty o f food in the fridge.
D ang le chi khong phai di sieu thi. Con rat nhieu
thiic an trong tu lanh.
- We needn’t have looked for that book. He had
taken it.
Chung ta khong can phai tim kiem cuon sach do.
A nh ta dd cam di roi
79
DONG
__■ TjjfTIENSANH
_________________
80
THANH HA
12. OUGHT TO
•a. Dien ta mot bon phan, mot trach nhiem, mot
viec nen lam.
Vi du:
- You ought to wear a raincoat.
Ban nen mac do miia.
- She ought to finish by next week.
Co ay nen ket thuc vdo tuan tdi.
- We ought to respect our parents
Chung ta nen ton trong cha m e.
- You ought to love your country, ought ngt you?
Ban nen yeu dat niidc, phai khong1 ?
b. Stf suy doan dtfa tren cd scf thtfc te.
Vi du:
- If he started an hour ago, he ought to be here
soon.
Neu anh ay khdi hdnh triidc day 1 gid thi hdn la
bay gid anh ay se den day bay gid.
- They oughn’t to leave their parents alone.
H o khong nen de bo me ho song mot minh diicfc.
c. Ought to + have + Pn dien ta viec dang ra nen
difcfc lam trong qua khuf nhifng lai khong lam.
Vi du:
- You ought to have been more careful while
driving car.
Ban nen can than hem khi dieu khien o to.
- You ought to have invited her to your party.
Le ra ban nen mdi co ay den dii tiec.
- I ought to have written to my parents, but I
forgot.
Le ra tdi phai viet thii cho bo me, nhiing toi lai
quen.
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
^2
THANH HA
13. USED TO
a. “U sed t o ” d ie n ta t h o i q u e n , m o t v ie c th tfd n g
la m t r o n g q u a khtf.
Vi du:
- I used to cry when I was a child.
Hoi nhd toi thitdng hay khoc.
- He used to swim on the river.
Triidc day anh ay thitdng bdi ngoai song.
- She used to go to school late.
Triidc day cd ay rat hay di hoc muon.
- M y father used to watch TV in the early
morning.
Tritdc day bo tdi thitdng xem ti vi vdo sang sdm.
- M y mother used to go to work by bus.
Tritdc day me tdi thitdng di lam bang xe buyt.
b. D ie n ta stf th a t h a y tin h huo'ng t r o n g q u a khuf
Vi du:
- People used to think the world was square.
Moi ngitdi thitdng nghl la the gidi nay hinh
vudng.
- He used to be a film director.
A nh ay titng la dq,o dien phim.
* C hu y:
- “Used to” chi dung d qua khii
Vi du:
-We u s e d to work together. C o r r e c t
- We u se to work together. I n c o r r e c t
83
DONG Tl/TIENG ANH
c. C o th e th a y “u s e d to ” b a n g w o u ld .
- “u s e d t o ” cung d iin td thdi quen trong qua
khii nhiing hien tai khong con thiXc hien niia.
Vi du:
- He used to get up at 5.30. but now he gets up at
8 .00 .
Triidc kia ong ay co thdi quen day luc 5.30,
nhiing bay gid ong ay day luc 8 gid.
- He used to be handsome when he was younger.
Khi con tre, ong ay rat dep trai.
- “w o u ld ” dung de dien td mot thdi quen, mot
viec thitdng lam do tii nguyen, xuat phat tii y
muon, khong dung de chi trang thdi.
. - I would often play soccer when I was young.
Tdi thitdng chcti bong dd khi con tre.
- M y grandfather would always give us candy.
B o toi thitdng cho chung toi keo.
- "He would be handsome when he was younger."
In correct
- "He was handsome when he was younger."
C orrect
* C h u y:
- “Used to” cung dung d phu dinh va nghi van nhif
nhiing dong tii khac.
V i du:
- She didn’t use to cry when she was a child.
Co ay thitdng khong hay khoc khi co ay con nhd.
- You use to stay up late, didn’t you?
Tritdc day ban thitdng ngu day muon phai
khong?
- Did you use to work here?
Ban thitdng lam viec dd ay a?
84
THANH HA
S + be / get used to + N
______________________ + V-ing
Vi du:
- My mother is used to getting up early.
Me toi thitdng day s&m.
- I am used to living abroad. - I have previous
experience living abroad, so it's not difficult for
me.
Tdi quen song d nitdc ngoai. Tritdc day tdi co
kinh nghiem song d nitdc ngoai, vi vay dieu do
khong khd khan doi vdi tdi.
- 1 didn’t like bananas, but I got used to them.
Tdi khong thich chuoi, nhitng tdi dd quen vdi
chung.
86
THANH HA
5. HAD BETTER
“Had better” thUdng diidc sxi dung theo loi noi rut
‘on la “ ld better ” , dien ta sii de nghi gdi y hoac nhac
ihd. Phu dinh la “had better not” .
Vi du:
- You’d better zip up your jacket.
Ban nen keo khod do khoac len
- You’d better watch the way you talk to me in the
:uture!
Ban nen d e y cach ban noi vdi tdi sau nay day!
- They had better not forget Tom's birthday gift.
Ho khong nen mon qua sinh nhat Tom
- Had they better be here before we start dinner?
Ho nen co mat d day triidc khi chung ta bat dau
biia toi phai khong?
- That bus had better get here soon!
Xe buyt do nen den day sdm mdi phai!
87
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
THE b ; D O IN G
Trong tieng Anh, cau co the dUdc the hien d the chu
dong hoac the bi dong. Trong cau chu dong, chu ngi)
thuc hien hanh dong, diem tap trung nh^m vao tac
nhan. Trong cau bi dong, chu ngtf chiu stf tac dong cua
hanh dong, diem tap trung nh&m vao hanh dong.
Vi du:
C au ch u d o n g C au b i d o n g
- People speak English - English is spoken all over
all over the world. the world.
Ngi/cti ta noi tieng Anh Tieng Anh di/Oc noi khAp
khap ncti tren the gi&i. ncti tren the gi&i.
- They make Fords in Fords are made in
Cologne. Cologne.
Ho che tao ra xe Fords & Xe Ford diictc che tao tai
Cologne. Cologne.
Susan is cooking - Dinner is being cooked by
dinner. Susan.
Susan dang nau bi/a toi. Bi/a toi dang di/ctc nau bdi
Susan.
James Joyce wrote - "Dubliners" was written
"Dubliners" by James Joyces.
James Joyce dd viet Cuon “D ubiners” di/ctc viet
cuon “Dubliners”. bcti James Joyces.
- They were painting the - The house was being
house when I arrived. painted when I arrived.
Ho dd sctn ngoi nhd khi Ngoi nhd dd di/ctc sctn khi
toi den. chung toi den.
88
THANH HA
3. Q u y ta c c h ia d o n g tif d ca u b i d o n g .
Thi D ang d on g V i du
tif b i d o n g
Hien tai This lesson is explained by
thUdng am/is/are + Pn the teacher today.
Bdi nay dd ditdc giang bdi
qiao vien ngay hom nay.
Hien tai tiep New bridge is being built.
dien am/is/are + Cay cau mdi dang ditdc
being + PIT xdy ditng.
Qua khii A house was built by
thUdng was/were/ + them.
P,i Ngoi nhd dd ditdc xdy bdi
ho.
Qua khii tiep I arrived when dinner
dien was/were/ + was being cooked.
being + P„ Toi den khi bita toi dang
ditdc nau.
TUdng lai A new restaurant will bej
thifdng will/shall + be opened next week.
+ Pn Nhd hang mdi se ditdc md
vdo tuan tdi.
Tiidng lai The project will have been
hoan thanh will + have + completed before the
90
THANH HA
been + Pndeadline.
De an nay se ditdc hoan
thanh tritdc thdi han.
Hien tai hoan The car has been cleaned
thanh have/has + by us.
been + Pn Cai o to ditdc rita bdi
chung toi.
Qua khii Many cars had been
hoan thanh repaired by Tom before he
had + been + received his mechanic's
Pn license.
Rat nhieu o td dd ditcfc sit a
bdi Tom tritdc khi anh ay
ditdc cap phep lam thd
may.
Dong tii can/could/sho The blue box can't be
khuyet thieu uld/m ay/m igh opened by anyone.
tl Cai hop mau xanh khong
would/must... the ditdc md bdi mot ai do.
+ be + Pn
1 . D a n h d o n g t ft d d a n g bi dipng.
B e in g + P „
Vi du:
C au c h u d o n g C au b i d o n g
- I hate people keeping me - I hate being kept waiting.
waiting. Tdi ghet phai chd ddi ngitdi
Tdi ghet ngitdi khac bat khac.
toi phai chd ddi.
- I am so tired that my - I am so tired o f being
boss is lecturing me. lectured to bv mv boss.
91
DONG TIJ TIENG ANH
Toi met moi vi ong chu cu Tdi met moi vi bi ong chu
thuyet giao. thuyet giao.
- She thinks that her - She thinks that will being
boyfriend will take her to taken to the theatre by her
the theatre. boyfriend.
Co ay nghl la ban trai cua Cd ay nghl la se ditdc ban
co ay se dan co ay den rap trai cua cd ay dita dan den
hat. rap hat.
- They objected to people - She objected to being made
making her work to work overtime.
overtime. Cd ay phan doi viec bi buoc
Co ay phan doi nhitng phai lam them gid.
ngitdi buoc co ay lam viec
them gid.
- I don’t like people telling - I don’t like being told what
me what to do. to do.
Toi khong thich ngitdi ta Tdi khong thich bi sai bad
bao toi phai lam gi. phai lam gi.
- She wore dark glasse to - She wore dark glasses to
avoid people avoid people avoid being recognized.
recognizing her. Cd ay deo kinh ram de
Co ay deo kinh ram de tranh bi moi ngitdi nhan ra.
tranh moi ngitdi nhan ra.
3. C au b i d o n g v d i d o n g tif ttfd n g th u a t
Nhutng dong til thUdng gap la: think, consider,
know, believe, claim, say, suppose, acknowledge,
u n d ersta n d ,.......
a. M e n h d e h a i d h ie n ta i thvfdng.
Khi menh de hai d thi hien tai thUdng, cau bi dong
dUdc theo sau bdi dong tu: nguyen the d hien tai.
Vi du:
C au c h u d o n g C au b i d o n g
- Everybody knows that she - She is known to work
w ork hard. hard.
M oi ngitdi biet la cd ay lam Cd ay ditcfc biet la lam viec
viec rat cham chi. rat cham chi.
- People think that he is - He is thought to true.
true. Anh ay ditcfc nghi la noi
M oi ngitdi nghi la anh ay that.
noi that.
- They report that the - The match is reported to
match is in the end. be in the end.
H o thong bao rang tran Tran dau ditdc thong bao
dau dd ket thuc. la dd ket thuc.
93
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
b. D o n g tif m en h de h a i d th i q u a k h tf thtfdng.
Khi dong tti d menh de hai d qua khil thtfdng
chuyen sang mot cau bi dong se dtfdc doi thanh dong til
nguyen the d thi hien tai hoan thanh.
Vi du:
C au c h u d o n g C au b i d o n g
They think that he - He is thought to have
arrived here last Sunday. arrived here last Sunday.
Tdi nghl la anh ay dd den Anh ay ditdc nghl la dd
day chu nhat tritdc. den day chu nhat tritdc.
- People have reported that - The thieves have been
the thieves got away in a reported to have got away
stolen motorbike. in a stolen motorbike.
Moi ngitdi thong bao la Bon trom bi thong bao la
nhiing ten trom tron chay dd tron chay tren chiec xe
tren chiec xe may bi danh may bi danh cap.
cap.
- Everybody thinks that the - The explorers are thought
explorers died of hunger. to have died of hunger.
Moi ngitdi nghl rang Nhitng ngitdi thdm hiem bi
nhitng nhd thdm hiem dd nghl la dd chet vi doi.
chet vi doi.
94
THANH HA
C au c h u d o n g C au b i d o n g
- They believed that the - The Titanic was believed
Titanic was unsinkable. to be unsinkable.
H o nghl rang tau Titanic Tau Titanic ditcfc nghl la
khong the chim. khong the chim.
- People thought that the - The earth was thought to
earth was flat. be flat.
M oi ngitdi titng nghl rang Trdi dat titng ditdc nghl la
\ 9
c. D o n g tif m e n h d e h a i d d a n g tie p d ie n .
Dong tii menh de hai 6 hien tai tiep dien, khi
chuyen sang bi dong se la “to be + V-ing” ; neu 0 qua khil
tiep dien khi chuyen sang bi dong se la “to have been +
V-ing” .
Vi du:
C au c h u d o n g C au b i d o n g
- I think Tom is doin^ - Tom is thought to be
exercises. doing exercises.
Tdi nghl la Tom dang lam Tom ditdc nghl la dang
Bdi tap. lam Bdi tap.
- I know that my mother - My mother is known to
was cooking dinner. have been cooking dinner.
Tdi biet la me tdi dang nau M e tdi ditdc biet la dang
biia toi. nau biia toi.
4. D o n g tif k e m g id i tif.
a. K et th u c ca u b a n g m o t g id i tif.
Co the ket thuc cau bang mot gidi tut khi xuat hien
mot dong gidi tu; (a prepositional verb) trong cau do.
VI du:
C au ch u d o n g C au bi d o n g
- I must reply to him. - He must be replied to.
Toi phai trd Itii thit cua Anh ay dd ditdc trd Itii thit.
anh ay.
- Someone throw away mv - My newspaper was thrown
96
THANH HA
newspaper. away.
A i do dd vitt td bao cua tdi Td bao cua tdi bi vitt di.
di.
- People speak well of her. - She is spoken well of.
M oi ngitdi noi tot ve cd ta. Cd ta ditdc noi tot.
b. B y va with
- “ W ith" thiidng dUdc dung sau cac phan tii “filled
“p a c k e d “c r o w e d “cra m m ed '.
Vi du:
- The glass is filled with water.
Chiec co'c day nitdc.
- The bus-stop was crowed with people.
Ben xe buyt ditng chat cd ngitdi.
- The letter was packed with the parcel.
La thit ditdc giti kem vdi bitu kien.
- “With" hoac “B y” diidc dung sau cac dong tii
“cover", “surround" , “decorate".
Vi du:
- The city is surrounded by fog.
Thanh ph o ditdc bao phu bdi Idp sitcfng mu.
- The house was decorated with a lot o f flowers.
N goi nhd ditdc trang hoang vdi rat nhieu hoa.
- The cake is covered with chocolate.
Chiec banh ditdc bao phu bdi socola.
5. C au c h u d o n g c o h a i ta n ngii.
Mot so" dong til co hai tan ngii: offer, ask, tell, give,
send, show, teach, pay.
Cau chu dong co hai tan ngii khi chuyen sang bi
dong co the viet thanh hai cau.
97
DONG Tllr TIENG ANH
C au c h u d o n g C au b i d o n g
- My teacher gave us an - We were given an hour to
hour to finish our test. finish our test.
Giao vien cho chung toi Chung tdi ditdc danh mot
mot gib dong ho de hoan gid dong ho de hoan thanh
thanh Bdi kiem tra. Bdi kiem tra.
- An hour was given to us
to finish our test.
M ot gid dong ho diidc danh
cho chung tdi de hoan
thanh Bdi kiem tra.
- The teacher didn’t offer us - We weren’t offered that
that exercise. exercise.
Giao vien dd khong giao Chung tdi dd khong diiOc,
cho chung tdi Bdi tap dd. giao Bdi tap dd.
That exercise wasn't
offered to us.
Bdi tap dd dd khong dild
giao cho chung tdi.
Rita wrote a letter to me. - A letter was written to me
Rita viet thit cho tdi by Rita.
La thit diidc viet cho toi bdi
Rita.
- I was written a letter by
Rita.
Tdi diidc viet la thit dd bdi
Rita
98
THANH HA
SU NHAN MANH
MENH LENH
1. C ach ch ia d o n g tif.
Vi du: stand up
100
THANH HA
2. N h an x e t c a c h c h ia .
a. T h e k h a n g d in h .
- Ngoi thil hai so' it va so nhieu giong nhau, chia
nhu dang nguyen the khong co “to” va khong co chu
ngQ.
Vi du:
- Do the dishes now! And vacuum the floor!
H ay riCa bat! Va hut bui san nhd.
- Be careful!
Hay can than!
- Please sit down and open your books.
H ay ngoi xuong va md sach ra.
- Ngoi thii nhat va ngoi thii ba dung “Let + me I us I
him / her / them...+ V infinitive”
Vi du:
- Let him go to the cinema.
De cau ay di xem phim .
- Let me leave here.
De toi rcti khoi day.
- Let her help you.
De co ay giup ban.
- Let them play.
De chung chcti.
- Let’s speak English.
Chung ta hay noi tieng Anh.
Them “do” de nhan manh.
Vi du:
- Do let me alone.
101
DONG TtfTlCNG ANH
102
THANH HA
CHU NGUTGIA
1. H in h thufc “t h e r e ”.
ChO “there” doc nhe co the diing d vi tri chu ngii.
Chu ngii thiic luc do theo sau dong tii. Neu cau true co
103
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
104
THANH HA
2. H in h th iic “it” .
a. Khi chu ngii hop logic cua dong tie (thubng
la noi dong tie hoac dong tie noi) la cum dong tie
gom co: “to + verb”, mot menh de danh tie vd mot so
cau true khac, chu tie gid “it” thudng diing trudc
dong tie, vdi chu ngie thuc theo sau bo ngU.
It + V + C + lo g ic a l s u b je c t
Vi du:
- It’s very intesting walking in the rain.
105
__________________ DONGTlimgNB ANH__________________
__________________________________________________________ ■------------------------------------------------------------------------------ —----------------- —
106
THANH HA
107
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
1 . C au d ie u k ien loa i 0 - z e r o c o n d it io n a l
IF + S + V, S + V
Dung de noi ve nhiing quy luat thong thiidng, luon
co that. Trong triidng hdp nay, “i f ’ co nghia nhii “when
hav “every time”
' Vi du:
- If we heat water enough, it begins to boil.
Neu chung ta dun nildc du nhiet do, no hat dau
soi.
- W hen it is very cold, we switch on the heating.
Trai rat lanh, chung ta bat lo sitdi len.
2 . C au d ieu k ie n lo a i I . ___________
I f + ‘S + V, S + w ilI + \T
Cau dieu kien loai I chi nhiing dieu kien co that se
xay ra d hien tai hoac tUdng lai (real conditions in
present or future).
Vi du:
- If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.
Neu toi tim thay dia chi cua cd ay toi se giti cho
co ay thiep mcfi.
108
THANH HA
109
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
110
THANH HA
111
DONG TllT TIENG ANH
Tuy nhien co the sii dung nhiing tii nay khi muon
dien dat y nghia rieng nao do:
- “Should do” trong menh de dieu kien cho thay
ngUdi noi khong chac chan lam ve kha nang co the trd
thanh hien thuc cua dieu kien. Dong tii trong menh de
chinh d hinh thiic nguyen mau neu nhu thi hien tai dcJn
dUdc dung trong menh de dieu kien.
Vi du:
- If he should call me this evening, I can go out
with him.
Neu anh ay goi tdi toi nay, tdi cd the di chcfi vdi
anh ay.
- If you shoud see him, please give him my
message.
Neu ban gap anh ta, lam ctn cho tdi gid Icfi nhdn.
- If you should refuse to help me, I’ll have to do
everything myself.
Neu ban tit choi giup dd tdi, tdi se tii lam moi
viec.
“Will do ” trong menh de dieu kien dien ta sU san
long chu khong phai tUdng lai.
Vi du:
- If you’ll wait a minute, I’ll come there with you.
Neu ban chd mot chut, toii se den dd cung ban.
■ If you 11 keep secret, I’ll tell you some
information.
Neu ban giit bi mat, tdi se noi cho ban mot vdi
thong tin.
112
THANH HA
113
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
1. Unless.
“ Unless ” tUdng duong vdi “i f not” (neu khong. tril
khi). Cau true nay dUdc dung khi dong tir trong menh
114
THANH HA
115
DONG TUfTllNGANH
116
THANH HA
3. Supposing, suppose.
“Supposing” va “suppose” ttfdng diidng v6i “if” , chu
yeu trdng ngon ngu! hang ngay. Trong mot so' trUdng
hdp menh de dieu kien va menh de chinh diidc tach rdi
rieng biet thanh hai cau.
Vi du:
- Suppose your team lost this match, what would
you do?
Gid sti neu dpi cua ban thua trong tran dau nay,
ban se lam gi?
- Supposing you could change one thing in your life
what would you change?' another reporter asked.
Neu ban co the thay doi mot thti trong cuoc ddi,
ban se thay doi cai gi?-nha bao khac hoi.
117
DpNG TUTlfeNS ANH
118
THANH HA
119
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
TH UC CIA DINH
Thi Ngoi to be to to
have speak
I/you/we/they/
Hien tai be have speak
he/she
I/you/we/they/
Qua khii were had spoke
he/she
Qua khii
I/you/we/they/ had had
hoan spoken
he/she been had
thanh
120
THANH HA
121
DONG TU TIENG ANH
3. W ould prefer.
“Would prefer” co the sU dung nhu la mot p h in cua
cau dieu kien loai II, “prefer■ ” trong loai cau nay co bo
ngii “it” .
Vi du:
- I’d prefer it if you didn’t phone.
122
THANH HA
4. Had better.
“Had better” thUdng diidc theo sau bdi dong tii
nguyen the khong “to” , dien ta y “tot hdn het ai nen lam
(khong nen lam) dieu gi” .
Vi du:
- Y ou’d better not come there.
Tot hcfn la anh khong nen den day.
- Y ou’d better not tell about her.
Ban khong nen ke ve cd ay.
- Y ou ’d better wait for him some more minutes.
123
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
5. W ish.
a. ifdc dieu khong co that of hien tai.
+ wish + S 2 + Ved
124
THANH HA
> Neu dong tii trong cau la mot dong tii sU kien, de
dien ta sii kien trong tUdng lai. Chung ta sii dung
“would” hay “c o u ld ’ sau “wish
Vi du:
- I wish my husbuand would forgive me.
Toi itdc chong toi se tha thit cho toi.
- I wish you would stop smoking.
Tdi itdc anh se khong hut thuoc niia.
- Haakon wishes his friend were coming to Seattle
during the quarter break.
Haakon itdc ban minh se den Seattle khi nghi gidi
lao.
- I wish you weren't leaving tomorrow
Tdi itdc ngay mai ban se khong di
> “Would” dUdc sii dung trong triidng hdp nay co the
dien ta Udc muon mong cho hien tai dang dien ra
khac di.
Vi du:
- I wish the boy wouldn’t shout loudly.
Tdi itdc cau be ditng la het dm i.
- I wish it wouldn't blow so hard.
Tdi itdc gid se khong thoi manh nhit vay.
- I wish she’d be quiet.
Tdi itdc cd ay se yen lang.
> Co the dung wish + V hoac wish + O + V vdi nghia
"want” trong tru'Ong hdp trang trong:
\Vo
DONG TUrniNG ANH
Vi du:
- I wish to leave now. Tdi itdc se di bay gib
- I wish to speak to your supervisor please. Tdi itdc
s e noi chuyen vdi ngitcfi phu trach cua anh
- I do not wish my name to appear on the list. Tdi
khong mong ten minh cd trong danh sach.
c. Uofc d ie u gi d o da k h o n g x a y ra t r o n g qua
khuf.
- Nhiing Idi Udc nay lien quan tdi mot sii kien trong
qua khii ma khong the thay doi diidc nOa. Thi qua khii
hoan thanh diidc sii dung sau dong tii “wish” .
S x + w ish + S2 + h a d + P n
Vi du:
- I wish I had met him.
Tdi itdc gi tdi dd gap ditdc anh ay.
- He wishes he hadn’t drunk so much.
Anh ay itdc anh ay khong uong qua nhieu.
- I wish she had bought that house.
Tdi itdc cd ay dd mua ngoi nhd dd.
- They wish they had studied harder at school.
Ho itdc g i ho hoc tap cham chi hdn.
* C hu y: Cum tii “i f only” co the diidc sii dung
tUdng tii nhu “wish” .
Vi du:
- If onlv I hadn't come there.
126
THANH HA
6. Suppose va Im agine.
a. Gia dinh d hien tai va qua khtf.
Vi du:
- Imagine I loved her. Everything would change.
Gid sit tdi yeu cd ay. M oi chuyen se khac.
- Suppose we sung a song for a change.
Gid sii chung ta hat mot Bdi de thay ddi khong khi.
b. Nhufng dieu kien dtfcfc hieu ngam.
- M enh de dieu kien trong cau thudng dUdc hieu
ngam, chijf khong diidc noi ra.
Vi du:
- Im agine we won the pools!
= Im agine what we would do if we won the pools?
Gid sit chung ta thang cd do, chung ta se lam gi?
- Suppose someone told you that I was a spy!
= Suppose someone told you that I was a spy! W hat
would you say?
Gid sit ai dd noi vdi anh rang tdi la gian diep! Anh
se noi g i?
127
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
7. A s if v a A s though.
Thi dong tii trong cau phu thuoc vao sU so sanh la
thuc hay la gia dinh. Neu sU so sanh do la thtfc, cac thi
hien tai dUdc sU dung. Neu sii so sanh do la khong co
thiic, “as if' va “as though" dUdc sii dung tUdng tii nhii
“wish".
Vi du:
- You looks as though you had just seen a ghost!
Nhin cau cii nhii la viia trong thay ma vay!
- He looks as if/though he hasn't slept all night.
Ong ay co ve khong ngu d em qua.
- She behaves as if/though she were the Queen.
Cd ta cii xii nhii cd ta la N ii Hoang vay.
- They talk as if/though the world were coming to
an end.
- Ho noi nhii the the gidi dang den ngay tan the.
- He walks as if/though he were an old man.
- Anh ta biidc di nhii mot ong gid.
- It feels as if/though summer's on the way.
- Cd cam giac nhii mua he dang den.
128
THANH HA
Vi du:
- He demanded that you come here at once.
Ong dy yeu cau anh den day ngay lap tiic.
■ It’s necessary that he take an operation.
Ong dy can phau thuat.
- The doctor suggested that the patient stop
drinking.
Bac si de nghi benh nhan ngitng uong riiciu.
- The manager proposed that the meeting be
adjourned.
Giam doc de nghi tam ngitng cuoc hop.
- It’s import that we pass the exam.
Viec chung toi viitft qua ki thi la rat quan trong.
129
DONG Tl/TIENG ANH
Vi du:
- It’s essential for him to meet the director.
Viec anh dy gap giam doc la dieu thiet yeu.
- The doctor proposed that she should take care
herself.
Bac si de nghi co dy tti cham soc ban than.
- They demand that everybody should arrive
before eight.
Ho yeu cau moi ngitdi den triidc luc 8 gid.
9. Thvfc g ia d in h c o n g th tic.
Thiic gia dinh cong thiic la nhiing cach dien dat co
dinh sii dung thiic gia dinh.
Vi du:
- God bless you.
Chua che chd cho ban.
- Long live the Queen!
Cau chuc NH hoang van tho!
- May you be happy all your life.
Cau chuc ban song vui ve suot ddi.
130
THANH HA
Vi du:
- I suggested taking the children to school.
Tdi de nghi dita bon tre den tritdng.
- George would never admit being wrong.
George se khong bao gid nhan la minh sai cd.
- She imagine walking into the office and telling
everyone that she thought of them.
Cd ta titdng tUdng minh di vdo van phbng vd noi
cho moi ngitdi biet minh nghl gi ve# ho.
- He admitted stealing the mobile phone.
Anh ta thu nhan dd lay trom chiec di dong.
- It's not worth being at risk.
Viec nay khong dang lieu nhit vay.
- Can you recommend me buying a good English
dictionary?
Anh cd the gdi y cho tdi mua mot quyen tit dien
tieng Anh tot ditdc kh ong?
- They couldn’t help laughing when they saw him.
Ho dd khong the nhin ditdc citdi khi ho nhin thay
anh dy.
- They discussed selling the house
Ho ban nhau ban ngoi nhd.
- The manager postponed giving the meeting.
Giam doc dd hoan cuoc hop.
132
THANH HA
* Chu y:
- Dong tii “appreciate” thudng dUdc theo sau bdi
tinh tii sd hiiu +V-ing.
Vi du:
- I greatly appreciate your trying.
Chung toi rat cam kich sii cd gang cua anh.
- They do not appreciate my singing.
133
_______________ BONG Tim lNG ANH________________
■----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
134
THANH HA
Vi du:
- Children should endeavour to learn assiduously.
Tre con can co gang hoc hdnh cham chi.
- All their efforts tend to reach the same object.
Tat cd nhitng co ga n g cua chung deu cung nham tdi
mot muc dich.
- The children pretended to eat the mud pies.
Lu tre gid vd an nhitng cai bank nitdng lam bang
dat bun.
- She decided to choose the green coat.
Cd ta quyet dinh chon cai do choang mau luc.
- They offer to make a plan.
Ho de nghi dita ra m ot kehoach.
- She failed to reach the semi-finals
Cd ta khong lot ditdc vdo vong ban ket.
- I long to receive your letter.
Toi m ong thit cua anh.
- The goverm ent planed to attack.
Chinh phu dd dat k eh oa ch tan cong.
- He turned out to be a liar.
Hod ra no la mot thang noi ddi.
135
DONG
__■ TIT TIENG --ANH
------------------- ------
DONG TIT THEO SAU DOI DONG TUT NGUYEN THE KHONG CO TO.
Nhin chung rat it dong tii dUdc theo sau bdi dong tii
nguyen the khong ce “to” .
1. Help.
Thong thUdng sau “help” sU dung dong tii nguyen
the khong “to” . Tuy nhien neu co sU dung thi van dUdc
chap nhan.
Vi du:
- I helped him find his things.
Toi giup anh ay tim do dac.
- She helped me clean the floor.
Co ay giup tdi lau nhd.
- They help us to pain the house.
Ho giup chung tdi sctn ngoi nhd
2. Make
Vi du:
- They make him repeat it.
137
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
3. L et.
Vi du:
- I let him try once more.
Tdi de cho no thiC mot Ian niia.
- Let us go to the cinema.
Chung ta hay cung di xem phim.
- If I let you know, you are not allowed to tell
somebody else.
138
THANH HA
Neu tdi noi cho anh biet, anh ditdc phep ke cho
ngitdi khac.
- Let me carry that box of papers for you. It's very
heavy. H ay de anh khieng chiec hop ditng giay
do cho em. N o nang lam.
- W hy don't you let him walk home by him self
from school now? He's eleven years old after all.
Tai sao anh de no di hoc ve mot minh. No mdi 11
tuoi.
DdNG TUT THEO SAU BOD DONG DANH TUT HOAC DONG TUf NGUYEN
th £ cd TO
2. R e m e m b e r , fo r g e t.
a. “ R e m e b e r , fo r g e t ” th e o sau bdi d o n g tii
n g u y e n th e c o “t o ” d e c a p d e n h a n h d o n g can
th ie t.
Vi du:
- You remember to repair the bicycle.
Ban nhd sita xe dap nhe.
- Will you remember to collect your suit from the
dry-cleaners or shall I do it?
Anh se lay bo com-l e d tiem giat la hay toi lay?
- I had to meet him but I forgot to do it.
Toi phai gap anh ay nhitng toi lai quen mat.
- Remember to close all the windows and lock all
the doors before you leave the house.
Hay nhd dong cita so va khoa cita ra vdo khi anh
ra ngoai.
- I forgot to warn him about the dangerous dog
and he was bitten.
Tdi quen cdnh bao anh ta ve con chd dit vd utih ta
dd bi can.
3. Stop.
a. “Stop” theo sau bdi dong tu" nguyen the co
“to” de chi muc dien : stop + to + V
Vi du:
- Let’s stop to meet him.
Chung ta hay ditng lai de gap anh dy.
- He stoped to drink water.
Anh dy ditng lai de uong nitdc.
- The horse stoped to eat grass.
Con ngita ditng lai de an co.
b. “Stop” theo sau bdi dong danh tu1 de cap
den viec ket thuc hay tif bo mot hanh dong: stop +
V-ing
141
DONG TUTntNG ANH
Vi du:
- You should stop complaining.
Anh diing nen phan nan niia.
- It’s time we stopped working.
Dd den luc chung ta nghi lam.
- It has stopped snowing.
Tuyet ngitng rcfi.
4. Mean.
a. “M ean” theo sau bdi dong tvf nguyen the co
“to” mang nghia la “dtf dinh, dinh”: mean + to + V
Vi du:
- I mean to go early tomorrow.
Tdi dinh mai se den sdm.
- Does he really mean to do it?
Cd that no co y dinh lam cai g i do kh ong?
- They mean to sell this house.
Ho co y dinh ban ngoi nhd.
b. “Mean” theo sau bdi dong danh tvf dien dat
den ket qua hoac nhufng gi lien quan den sij viec
do: mean + V-ing
Vi du:
- Becoming a athlete means training more.
La mot van dong vien cd nghia la phai luyen tap
nhieu hcfn.
- Getting this job means having to work hard.
Nhan cong viec nay cd nghia la phai lam viec
cham chi.
- Being a pilot means spending most your time at
the air.
142
THANH HA
5. N e e d
a. “N e e d ” t h e o sau b d i d o n g tif n g u y e n th e c o
“to ” d e c a p td i h a n h d o n g c u th e c o c h u nguf: n e e d
+ to + V
Vi du:
- I feel a need to talk to you about it.
Tdi cam thay can noi chuyen vdi anh ve viec dd.
- I need to consult a dictionary.
Tdi can phai tra til dien.
- She needs to have access to our files.
Cd ay can phai diidc sii dung tdi lieu cua chung
tdi.
b. “N e e d ” t h e o sau b d i d a n h tii m a n g n g h ia b i
d o n g : n e e d + V -in g
Vi du:
- This house needs repairing.
N goi nhd can ditdc sita chiCa.
- This car needs cleaning.
Cai o td can diidc rila.
- This question needs replying.
Cau hoi can diidc trd Idi.
6 . R e g r e t.
a. “ R e g r e t ” t h e o sau b d i d o n g tvf n g u y e n th e c o
“t o ” d e c a p d e n m o t h a n h d o n g h ie n tai, d a c b ie t
la k h i b a o tin x a u : R e g r e t + to + V
Vi du:
- I regret to say the job has been filled.
143
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
7. T ry .
a. "T r y ” th e o sau bd i d o n g tvf n g u y e n the co
“t o ” m a n g n g h ia c o g a n g la m d ie u gi d o : try + to +
V
Vi du:
- I tried to laugh.
Toi co gang de citdi.
- You haven't even tried to lift it.
144
THANH HA
•>
DONG TUTTHEO SAU BOI MOT TAN NGUVA DONG TUTtJGUYEN THE
Cd "TO"
145
DONG Tir TIENG ANH
Vi du:
- Taxi-drivers enable us to see all our relatives in
this city.
Nhitng ngitdi lai tac xi tao dieu kien cho chung toi
di thdm ngitdi than trong thanh pho nay.
- Remind me to answer that letter.
H ay nhac toi trd Icfi bite thit do.
- So you lost all your money? That'll teach you to
gamble
A nh thua het tien roi phai khong? dieu do se day
cho anh ditng co ddnh bac.
- Doctor encouraged her to lose weight.
Bac si khuyen khich ba ay giam can.
- They invited us to come a party.
H o mcfi chung toi den dit tiee.
- She warned me to drive carefully.
Ba ay dan toi lai xe can than.
146
THANH HA
3. Dare.
“D are” co the theo sau bdi dong tijf nguyen the
khong co “to” khi cau khong co chu ngii. Hay xem xet
nhiing vi du sau:
Vi du:
- How dare you say that I am a good-for-nothing?
Sao may dam noi tao la thang vd tich sti?
- I wonder whether he dare to tell the whole truth.
Tdi chdng biet no cd dam noi sii that khong.
- He dared me to swim.
Anh ta thach tdi bdi.
DONG TUTTHEO SAU BO) DONG DANH TUTHOAC B01 TAN NGUTVA
DONG TUTNGUYEN THE CO TO
147
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
2. Consider.
a. Vdi tan nguf va dong tif nguyen the co to
de cap tdi mot quan diem, y kien.
Vi du:
- He is considered to be the best player of his
team.
Anh ay ditdc coi la cau thu gioi nhat trong doi.
- I considered Mary to be my best friend.
Tdi coi Mary la ngitdi ban tot nhat.
* Chu y: Khi “con sid er’ theo sau bdi “that” + menh
de cung de cap tdi quan diem y kien.
Vi du:
- We consider that you are not to blame.
Chung toi cho rang anh khong phai la ke dang
trach.
- I consider that he had lied me.
Tdi cho la anh ay dd noi doi toi.
b. Vdi dong danh tif cd nghia “suy nghl, xem
xet tdi”. '
Vi du:
- He stood considering the painting for some
minutes.
No ditng ngam bite hoa cd may phut.
- We are considering going to Canada
Chung toi dang can nhac viec di Canada.
- I considered living here.
Tdi dd nghl tdi viec song d day.
3. Recommend.
a. Vdi tan nguf va dong tif nguyen the cd "to".
Vi du:
- I recommend you to do what he says.
Toi khuyen anh nen lam nhitng dieu anh dy noi.
148
THANH HA
4. Require.
a. Vdi tan ngif va dong tif nguyen the cd “to”.
Vi du:
- They required us to be on time.
Ho yeu cau chung toi den dung gid.
- The situation requires me to be there.
Tinh hinh ddi hoi tdi d dd.
- He required me to send this package.
Ong ay yeu cau tdi gid gdi hang.
b. Vdi dong danh tif m ang nghia bi dong.
Vi du:
- Hamlet is required reading for the course.
Doc H am let la yeu cau bat buoc trong khoa hoc.
- All cars require servicing regularly
Moi o td deu can du’dc bao tri thtictng xuyen.
- We require helping.
Chung tdi can di/dc giup dd.
149
DONGTUf TIENG ANH
C l 6 l T IT V A D O N G D A N H T lT
Khi mot dong tif dting sau mot gidi tvr thi dong tii
do phai tan cung bang “-ing” .
1. B y
“By” + V-ing cho biet sU viec xay ra bang cach nao.
Vi du:
- They were persuaded by listening his words.
Ho ditdc thuyet phuc bdi Icfi noi cua anh ay.
- They sent the package by flying airmail.
Ho gid kien hang bang ditdng hang khong.
- They can understand what he says by using sign
language.
Ho co the hieu nhau bang ngon ngii cii chi.
- He passed the exams by studying hard.
Anh ay vitdt qua ky thi bang cach hoc hanh cham
chi.
- You can swim well by training.
Ban co the bcfi gioi bang cach tap luyen.
2. W ithout
“W ithout” + V-ing co nghia la “khong, ma khong”
VI du:
- She entered the room without knocking.
Co ay vdo md khong go cita.
- Try and do it without making any mistake.
Hay co gang lam viec do md khong mac mot loi
nao.
- The party was organized without her knowing
anything about it.
150
THANH HA
3. On
“On” + V-ing co nghia: “ngay sau khi lam gi” .
Vi du:
- On finishing the course, she passed the exams.
N gay khi hoan thanh khoa hoc, co dy dd thi do.
- M aty ran away on seeing Tom.
M aty bo chay ngay khi nhin thay Tom.
- On getting home, I cooked the dinner,
N gay khi ve nhd, tdi nau biia toi.
4. In addition to
“In addition to” + V-ing co nghia: “them vao v 6i
viec lam gi” .
Vi du:
- In addition to working in hospital, she also
writes articles.
Ngoai viec lam d benh vien, co dy con viet bao.
- He stays with his parents in addition to owning a
flat.
A nh dy d vdi bo me vd con co mot can ho rieng.
- She workes to this organization in addition to
contributing to other organizations.
Co dy lam viec cho to chdc nay them vdo do co dy
con cong tac vdi nhieu to chdc khac.
151
DONG Ttf TIENG ANH
5. Before, after
“Be/ore” + V-ing co nghia: “lam viec gi triidc .
“After'' + V-ing co nghia: “lam viec gi sau .
Vi du:
- Before going to bed, I turned off the lights.
= Before I went to bed, I turned off the lights.
Triidc khi di ngii, toi dd tat den.
- Before meetting Peter, she had a cup of tea.
= Before she met Peter, she had a cup of tea.
Tritdc khi gap Peter, co dy dd uong mot coc trd.
- I visited to my friends after I leaving the
company.
= I visited tio my friends after I left.
Tdi den thdm ban cua toi sau khi toi rdi cong ty.
- W hat did you do after coming back from work?
= W hat did you do after you came back from work?
Ban lam g i sau khi di lam ve?
153
DONG Tif TIENG ANH
Vi du:
- He is proud of being a good professor.
Ong dy tit hdo la mot giao sit gioi.
- We are proud of winning.
Chung ta tit hdo vi chien thang.
- He felt ashamed of having offended his teacher
N o xau ho vi dd xuc pham den thay no.
- He is ashamed of losing the match.
A nh dy xau ho vi thua trong tran dau.
154
THANH HA
VI du:
- The children are excited about going to school.
Bon tre phan chan vdi viec den triidng.
- She is excited about listening his call.
Co dy hoi hop khi nghe dien thoai cua anh ta.
- Are you excited about receiving presents?
Ban co hoi hop khi di/cfc nhan qua khong?
155
DONG Ttf TIENG ANH
DONG TUf THEO SAU BOI GIOI TUTVA D0NG DANH TUf
2. Apologize for.
Vi du:
- I apologized for coming late.
Toi xin loi vi dd den muon.
- They apologized for not being able to attend our
wedding party.
Ho xin loi vi khong the den di/ dec ciidi cua chung
tdi.
- He apologize for keeping me waiting.
Anh ay xin loi vi bat tdi phai chd dai.
3. Feel like.
Vi du:
- I feel like laughing.
Tdi muon ci/di that to.
- She doesn't feel like listening his phone.
Co ay khong muon nghe dien thoai cua anh ta.
156
THANH HA
4. Insist on.
Vi du:
- She insisted on getting up early and playing her
radio loud.
Co ay cii khang khang day sdm vd md ddi oang
oang.
- He insisted on paying bill.
Anh ay cii khang khang doi thanh toan hod ddn.
- I insited on going with them.
Toi nan ni di cung ho.
157
DONG TU TIENG ANH
6. Think o f / about.
Vi du:
- Are you thinking of buying a new car?
Anh co dii dinh mua mot chiec xe mdi khong?
- I’m thinking of changing my job.
Toi dang nghl ve viec thay doi cong viec.
- They are thinkink about building a big
university here.
Ho dang dii dinh xay mot triicfng dai hoc Idn tai
day.
7. Complain about.
Vi du:
- M y mother complains about having to watch
football.
Me toi phan nan ve viec phai xem bong dd.
- They are complaining about being treated badly.
Ho phan nan vi bi doi xii te bac.
- Customers complain about not being served
properly.
Khach hang phan nan vi dd khong diicfc phuc vu
chu dao.
8. Succeed in.
Vi du:
- The doctors succeeded in operating on the
patient.
Cac bac si dd thanh cong trong ca phau thuat cho
benh nhan.
- He succeeded in doing the business.
Anh ta dd thanh cong trong cong viec kinh
doanh.
- They succeeded in defeating their rivals.
158
THANH HA
9. Dream of.
Vi du:
- I dream ed o f living happily.
Toi md diidc song uui ve.
- She dream ed of being a singer.
Co ay dd titng md tide la ca si.
- Tom dreamed of leading other people.
Tom md diidc lanh dao ngiidi khac.
159
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
DONG TUf THEO SAU BOI TAN NGU, GIOI TI/VA D0NG DANH TU
1. Blame...for
Vi du:
- M y mother blames me for not studying hard.
Me toi khien trdch toi vi dd khong hoc hdnh cham
chi.
- They blamed their son gor being lazy.
Ho khien trdch con trai ho vi litdi bieng.
- He blamed her not talking properly care of the
children.
Anh ta trdch co ay khong cham soc bon tre chu
dao.
2. A ccuse...of
Vi du:
- They accused him of cheating.
H o buoc toi anh ta liia dao.
- We accused him of being dishonest.
Chung toi buoc toi anh ta thieu trung thiic.
- People accuse industrial waste of polluting the
environment.
Ho buoc toi chat thdi cong nghiep gay o nhiem
mdi triidng.
3. Suspect...of
Vi du:
- W hat made you suspect her of having taken
money?
Dieu g i khien anh nghi ngd co ay lay tien ?
- He was suspected of using false money.
Ong dy bi nghi ngd la sii dung tien gia.
- I suspected him of stealing the shirst.
160
THANH HA
4. Thank...for
Vi du:
- I thanked him for helping me.
Tdi cam chi anh ta vi dd giup tdi.
- Thank you for m aking me a favour.
Cam cfn vi da tao dieu kien cho tdi.
- He thanked me for showing him to the post
office.
A nh ay cam cfn tdi vi dd chi diibng cho anh ay tdi
bitu dien.
5. Stop (prevent)...from
Vi du:
- I try to stop him from fighting.
Tdi co gan g ngan can anh ta ddnh nhau.
- The noise from outside stoped us from
concentrating.
Tieng on ben ngoai khien chung tdi mat tap
trung.
- The snow prevented us from driving fast.
Tuyet khong cho chung tdi lai xe nhanh.
6. Keep...from
Vi du:
- I am keeping the boy from falling.
Tdi ngan khong cho cau be ngd.
- He tries to keep his hat from being blown off.
A nh ta co giti chiec mu khong bi bay.
- It’s difficult to keep prices from going up.
That khd de g id cho gid cd khong tang.
161
DONG Ttf TIENG ANH
7. Protect...from
Vi du:
- You need warm clothes to protect yourself from
being cold.
Anh phai mac quan do am de khoi bi lanh.
- They must protect their children from being
danger.
Ho phai bao ve con cai cua hg khoi nguy hiem.
- We must protect the environment from being
polluted.
Chung ta phai bao ve mdi triicfng khoi sii o
nhiem.
8. Punish...for
Vi du:
- The teacher punished pupils for talking in class.
Giao vien phat hgc sinh vi noi chuyen trong Idp.
- Y ou’ll be punished for coming home late.
Ban se bi phat vi ve nhd muon.
- The director punished her for playing game in
the office.
Giam doe phat cd dy vi toi chcti dien tii trong van
phbng.
9. W arn... against
Vi du:
- They warned me against coming there.
Hg khuyen cao tdi khong nen den do.
- She warned us against buying that house.
Co dy khuyen cao chung tdi khong nen mua ngoi
nhd dd.
- The passengers are warned against leaning out
of the window.
162
THANH HA
10. Forgive...for
Vi du:
- Please forgive me for not calling to you.
Xin hay tha thit cho toi vi dd khong goi cho ban.
- She refuse to forgive him for coming late.
Co ay tit chdi tha thit cho anh ta vi dd den muon.
- I can’t forgive you for telling lies.
Toi khong the tha thit cho anh vi anh dd noi doi.
11. Discourage...from
Vi du:
- The bad weather discourged us from going out.
Thdi tiet xau khien chung tdi khong muon ra
ngoai.
- Difficulties discourged him from working.
Nhitng khd khan khien anh ta khong muon lam
viec.
- The first failure discouraged him from
continuing the match.
That bai dau tien khien anh ta khong muon tiep
tuc tran dau.
12. Congratulate...on
Vi du:
- They congratulate me on finishing mission.
Ho chuc mitng tdi vi tdi dd hoan thanh nhiem vu.
- She congratulated them on passing the exam.
Co dy chuc mitng ho ve viec ho thi dd.
- I congratulated him on coming here safely.
Tdi chuc mitng anh dy dd den day an toan.
163
DONG TU TIENG ANH
164
THANH HA
5. It’s worth.
Vi du:
- Is this film worth watching?
Bo phim nay cd dang xem kh ong?
- It’s not worth getting angry.
Chuyen nay khong dang phai cau gian.
- It’s not worth taking a taxi.
Chdng dang phai di tac xi dau.
165
d o n g tu th En g a n h
Vi du:
- She is always tired when she gets home from
work.
Cd dy luc nao cung met khi di lam ve den nhd.
- He has a very tiring job.
Anh ta co mot cong viec khien anh ta met moi.
- She’s satisfied with the result.
Cd dy that hai long vdi ket qua do.
- The result is satisfying.
K et qua do lam toi hai long.
167
DONG Tif TIENG ANH
b. Lam bo nguf.
Vi du:
- She looked rather worried.
Co dy trong co ve lo lang.
- The smell is so annoying.
Min that kho chiu.
- The story is shocking.
Cau chuyen that xuc dong.
- It was an embarrassing situation.
Do la. tinh huong gay bdi roi.
168
THANH HA
169
DONG TiT TIENG ANH
Vi du:
- That is the most interesting thing.
Do la dieu thu vi nhat.
- She is more working hard than his sister.
Co ta cham chi hcfn em gai cua minh.
- Co the hop vdi danh tif, tinh tif hoac pho tif thanh
tinh tif ghep.
Vi du:
- He is a good-looking young man.
Anh ay la mot thanh nien dep trai.
- It’s a hand-made bag.
Do la chiec tui diidc lam bang tay.
- He is clean-shaven.
R&u ong ay nhan nhui.
- They are under-developed countries.
Do la nhitng quoc gia kem phat trien.
- Co the ket hop mao tif “the” v6i dong tinh tif qua
khii de dien ta mot danh tif tap hop.
Vi du:
- The injured died no longer after the terrible
accident.
Nhitng ngitdi bi, thitdng dd chet khong lau sau vu
tai nan khung khiep.
- The wounded were sent to nearby hospital.
Nhiing ngitdi bi thitdng dd diidc chuyen den benh
vien gan do.
- A disabled man who is unable to work is lising in
our street
Ngitdi dan ong tat nguyen, khong the lam viec,
song trong pho chung ta.
170
THANH HA
171
DONG TU TIENG ANH
172
THANH HA
173
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
D O N G T IT T H E O S A U BCH GICH T lT
175
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
176
THANH HA
gi
suspect someone o f somthing: nghi ngd ai ve chuyen
gi
Vi du:
- They accused Tom o f cheating.
Ho buoc toi Tom lita dao.
- You should take care of your parents.
Ban nen cham soc bo me ban.
- W hy didn’t you think of me?
Tai sao anh khong nhd den tdi ?
- This song reminds me of France.
Bdi hat nay nhac tdi nhd ve nitdc Phap
- What made you suspect her of having taken
money?
Dieu g i khien anh nghi cd dy lay tien.
- Have you ever heard of that hotel?
Co bao gid anh nghe noi den khach san do chiia?
- His father died of liver cancer.
Bo co dy chet vi benh ung thitgan.
177
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
178
THANH HA
179
DONG TU TIENG ANH
180
THANH HA
181
DONG TifTliNG ANH
182
THANH HA
183
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
184
THANH HA
185
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
186
THANH HA
187
DONG TU TIENG ANH
tri: diing sau cum dong tii hoac dOfng gitia dong tii va
tieu tii.
Vi du:
- The teacher told the children off for not doing
their homework.
= The teacher told off the children for not doing
their homeworks.
Giao vien phe binh bon tre vi chung khong lam
Bdi tap ve nhd.
- I turn the TV on.
= I turn on the TV.
Toi bat ti vi.
- A farmer took the travelers in during the snow
storm.
- = A farmer took in the travelers during the snow
storm.
Ngitdi ndng dan cho nhitng ngitdi du lich tru
trong suo't tran bao tuyet.
Khi tan ngii cua cum dong tii la mot dai tii, nhitng
dai tii nay thUdng diing trUdc tieu tii, gidi tii.
Vi du:
- W hat do you take me for? I’m a married girl!
A nh cho rang toi la ai? Tdi la ngitdi phu nit dd co
chdng!
- You need throw it away.
X ■>
188
THANH HA
189
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
190
THANH HA
191
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
Cd ta oa khoc.
- She broke off their engagement when she found
out that he’d been unfaithful.
Co ta bo dinh hon khi phat hien ra rang anh ta
khong chung thuy.
- The plate broke up when he dropped it on the
floor.
Chiec dia vd tan khi anh ta lam no rcri xuong san
nhd.
- This bill, together with that concerning private
pensions, will bring about the reform of the
pension system in Romania.
Hod dcfn nay, cung vdi khoan Idctng htiu lien
quan cua mdi cd nhan, se tao ra su: cai cach he
thong litcfng d Romania.
- W hen you bring something off, you succeed in
something.
- My parents brought me on my studying.
Bo me toi khuyen khich toi hoc tap.
- She brought the meeting round to my point of
view.
Co dy buoc cuoc h op phai chap nhan quan diem
cua toi.
- I don’t like to bring up that private question.
Toi khong muon de cap tdi cau hoi rieng tit do.
- If you’re truing to buy me off, I’m afraid you’ve
come to wrong person.
Neu anh co gang mua chuoc toi, tdi e rang anh da.
den nham ngitdi.
192
THANH HA
193
DONG TU TIENG ANH
194
THANH HA
195
DONG TiT TIENG ANH
196
THANH HA
197
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
198
THANH HA
199
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
200
THANH HA
201
DONG Tif TIENG ANH
202
THANH HA
203
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
204
THANH HA
205
DONG TUf TIENG ANH
206
THANH HA
Vi du:
- At the age of 29 he packed in his job as an
industrial caterer and moved to France.
d tuoi 29, anh ta dd nghi viec vd chuyen den
Phap.
- He passed for a scholar.
Ong dy ditdc coi la mot hoc gid.
- She passed away at Royal Lodge, Windsor, on
Saturday, and the news was announced by
Buckingham Palace about two and a half hours
later.
- I'll take you to court unless you pay up
immediately.
Toi se dita anh ra tod neu anh khong trd tien tan
tay cho toi.
- The work seems to be picking up.
Cong viec co ve tot hcfn.
- He brought home an odd character that he had
picked up with in a pub.
A nh ta dita ve nhd mot ngitdi la lung md anh
quen d quan ritdu.
- This is the part I can’t pin down in words.
Day la phan toi khong the cu the hoa bang Idi.
- She played up the im portance of his contribution.
Co dy dd citting dieu tam quan trong cua sit dong
gop cua anh ta.
- I’ll point him out to you.
Tdi se chi anh ta ra chd ban.
- The drawer won't pull out.
Ngan keo khong ditdc keo ra.
- Let’s push on and try to reach the coast by
tonight.
207
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
208
THANH HA
209
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
210
THANH HA
211
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
212
THANH HA
213
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
214
THANH HA
215
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
Vi du:
- In the 1980s, the world woke up to the threat of
the ozone hole.
Trong nhitng ndm 80, the gidi dd nhan thiic ditdc
sit de doa cua lo thiing tang o-zon.
- He walked away with his competitor.
Anh dy dd chien thang dich thu mot cach di
dang.
- I wash my hands of the whole matter.
Toi khong co lien quan g i den toan bo van de nay.
- He has been appointed to watch over the mam
point.
A nh ta dd ditdc chi dinh de chiu trdch nhiem ve
van de van d i chinh.
- The dishwasher has worn the glaze off the china.
M ay rita bdt lam mat ddn nitdc bong cua do sit.
- They always weigh up the consequences of an
action.
Ho luon luon can nhac hau qua cua mot hdnh
dong.
- You can whistle for it.
Thdi khong mong g i ditdc dau.
- It is impossible to tell how the situation will
work out.
Khd md noi tinh hinh se ra sao.
- You should work to the schedules.
Ban phai lam theo lich trinh.
- It took me some years to work up a market for
my producs.
Tdi mat may ndm de md rong thi triicfng cho cac
san pham cua minh.
- Two battalions were written off.
Hai tieu doan dd bi gach ten.
216
THANH HA
1. Lie: nam
Lay: dat, de
* “Lie” (hien tai phan tif “lying", qua khii “lay', qua
khii phan tif “lain”) la noi dong tif; khong bao gid theo
sau bdi mot tan ngii triic tiep.
Vi du:
- The ship is lying at the port.
Con tau thd neo ndm tren ben cang.
- The valley lies at our feet.
Thung lung ndm dii&i chan chung tdi.
- He lay down on the bed and cried.
Anh ta ndm xuong giii&ng vd khoc.
- The jungle had lain undisturbed for thousands of
years.
Ritng nhiet ddi dd ndm yen tinh hang ngan ndm.
* “Lay" (hien tai phan tif “laying', qua khii va qua
khif phan tif “laid') la ngoai dong tif; co tan ngii triic
tiep hoac diidc dung d dang thu dong.
Vi du:
- She laid a child to sleep.
Cd dy dat diia be ndm ngu.
- They've been laying bricks for two weeks and the
first floor is already finished.
Ho lat gach trong 2 tuan vd tang mot dd xong.
- W hen you finish your paper, please lay it on the
desk.
217
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
Khi ban doc xong bao, xin hay de tren ban viet.
- The goverment have already laid the foundation
of socialism.
Chinh phu dat nen mong cho chu nghia xa. hoi.
Khi noi ve cac loai chim, “lay” co nghia dac biet la
“deposit eggs” (de triing). Luc nay, “lay” viia la ngoai
vvfa la noi dong tu:.
V id u :
- The hens have laid nine eggs.
Nhitng con ga mdi de ditdc chin qua tritng.
- That hen is not laying now.
Con ga mdi do hien gid khong de tritng.
2. S a y: noi, ke
T ell: noi, k e
Hai dong tif co nghia giong nhau nhiing: “say”
khong bao gid theo sau bdi mot tan ngii gian tiep; "tell”
thi hau nhu luon luon theo sau bdi tan ngii gian tiep.
Vi du:
- Tell me where you live.
Hay noi cho toi biet anh song d dau.
- A book which will tell you all you need to know
about personal taxation.
M ot cuon sach se noi cho ban biet tat cd nhitng gi
anh can biet ve viec dong th u ecu a cd nhdn.
- He says something.
Anh ta noi mot vdi Idi.
- Say that we will send the books tomorrow.
Hay noi rang chung ta se gid sach vdo ngay mai.
218
THANH HA
Tdi noi vdi ong ay toi chdng bao giiio lam nhiing
viec nhii the cd.
- They said to me they would visit me.
H o noi vdi toi ho se se den thdm tdi.
* “Tell” cung co nghia la “order, com m and” (bao ra
lenh):
S + tell + O + (to + V)
Vi du:
- W hen I was young, my father told me stories
about the war.
Khi toi con nho, bo thitdng ke chuyen chien ttranh
cho tdi nghe.
- Tell me your name and address.
Hay noi cho tdi biet ten vd dia chi cua anh.
- Anne told me she was tired.
Anne bao tdi la cd ay rat met.
* Cac thanh ngii thudng dung v 6i “say” :
- before you can say something: triidc khi anh cd the
noi dieu gi
- I dare say: tdi dam noi
- say goodbye: noi Icfi tam biet
- never say die: khong bao gid noi Idi chet
- you can say that again: ban cd the noi lai dieu dd
* Cac thanh ngii thiidng dung v 6i “tell":
- tell the truth noi sii that
- tell a lie noi doi
- tell a secret: tiet lo bi mat
- tell som eone the answer to a question
- tell som eones fortune doan van mang cua ai
3. S p e a k : n o i
T a lk : n o i
* Khi hai dong tu nay la noi dong tii, co the dung
thay the cho nhau duOc. “Speak" trinh trong hdn “talk".
219
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
VI du:
- We talked for almost an hour.
Chung toi noi chuyen vdi nhau gan mot tieng
dong ho.
- Baby is beginning to talk.
Dita tre bdt dau biet noi.
- I will speak to him about it.
Toi se noi chuyen vcfi anh ta ve van de do.
- Actions speak louder than words.
Viec lam noi len nhieu dieu hdn hdn noi.
* Khi theo sau bdi ten cua ngon ngii, “talk” thiidng
co nghia la thiic hien cuoc noi chuyen va “speak" de cap
den kien thiic tong quat hoac kha nang ngUdi do co.
Vi du:
- He can speak English.
Cau ay co the noi tieng Anh.
- Can you speak French?
Ban co noi diidc tieng Phap khong?
- Mr Brown was to talk in the Dutch, an
interpreter was to translate.
Ong Brown noi tieng Ha Lan, mot ngitdi thong
dich phai dich lai.
* Cac thanh ngii thiidng dung v 6i Speak:
- speak one's mind, speak one's piece (noi thang y
nghi cua minh);
- speak for you rself (noi y kien cua minh);
- speak ill o f someone (noi xau ve ai);
- speak volumes for someone (something) (noi mot
cach hung hon),....
Vi du:
- These facts speak volumes for her honesty.
Cac vu kien noi len mot cach hung hon sii trung
thiic cua cd ay.
220
THANH HA
221
DONG TUT TIENG ANH
222
THANH HA
223
DONG Tii TIENG ANH
5. Sit: ngoi
Set: dat, de
Seat: ngoi, dat ngoi
* “Sit” (hien tai phan tti “s i t t i n g qua khii va qua
khii phan tii “sat”) la mot noi dong tii co nghia la “ngoi”.
Vi du:
- Never stand when you can sit.
Ditng bao gib ditng neu co the ngoi ditdc.
- She sat down on the chair and took her shoes off
Ba ta ngoi xuong ghe va thao giay ra.
- We must sit down together and settle our
differences
Chung tdi phai ngoi lai vdi nhau de gidi quyet
nhitng moi bat hod.
- Yesterday Suki sat in her office all afternoon
com pleting the annual report.
* “S et” (hien tai phan tii “setting” , qua khii va qua
hii phan tvf “set”) la mot ngoai dong tii co nghia tUdng tvf
nhii “p u t” (dat, de)
Vi du:
- I set pen to paper.
Toi dat but len giay.
- The mother set a child to bed.
Ba me dat diia tre vdo giitdng cho dita be ngii.
- She set the book on the table and went out.
Co ta dat cuon sach tren ban roi di ra.
- W hen she finished, she sat the report on her
boss's desk.
* “Set” co the difdc sii dung nhii mot noi dong tii vdi
hai trifdng hop sau day:
+ Ve cac loai chim, nhat la cac loai gia cam. "Set"
cd nghia la “sit on eggs until they hatch” (ap triing cho
tdi khi nd).
224
THANH HA
225
DONG Tir TIENG ANH
6. Arrive: den
Reach: den
* “.A rrive” (hien tai phan tii “arriving” , qua khu va
qua khii phan tii ‘" arrived") la mot noi dong tii cd nghia
la di den mot ndi dac biet nao dd, thudng la trong hoac
cuoi mot chuyen di.
+ nhac den ndi dang di den chi dung “arrive".
+ nhac den mot dia diem, dung “arive in (at)".
Vi du:
226
THANH HA
7. P r o c e e d : t ie p tu c
P r e c e d e : d i triid c
227
DONG TU TIENG ANH
8 . M a k e: lam
D o: lam
- “make" cd nghia la “build" (xav diing) hoac
“create" (tao nen),
228
THANH HA
229
OdNG TIJTTIENG ANH
230
THANH HA
231
DONG TIT TIENG ANH
instrument (chdi mot nhac cu); give order (ra lenh); ask
a question (hoi mot cau hoi).
Vi du:
- She can play the piano very well.
Co ay co the chcti piano rat hay.
- Can I ask you a question?
Toi co the hoi ban mot cau hoi ditdc kh ong?
- She is writing a novel.
Co ay dang viet tieu thuyet.
232
M U C LUC
234
GIOI TUTVA DONG DANH T l/.........................................................150
GIOI TL/THEO SAU BOI DONG DANH T U ........................................ 150
TINH TUTHEO SAU BOI GIOI T U V A DONG DANH T U .................152
DONG TUTHEO SAU BOI GIOI T U V A D0NG DANH T U ................156
DONG TUTHEO SAU BOI TAN NGU, GIOI TU
VA DONG DANH T U .............................................................................160
CAC THANH NGU SLT DUNG DONG DANH T U .................................164
235
N H A X U A T B A N T ir D IE N B A C H K H O A
109 Quan Thanh, Ba Dinh, Ha Noi
DT: H C -TH (04) 733.9361; PH (04) 8 4 3 .9 0 3 4
C ac ban bien tap: (04) 7 3 4.1 7 4 2, 843.8953, 8 4 3 .9 0 3 3
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