OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORK

The Optical Transport Network (OTN) defined in ITU G.709, allows network operators to converge networks through seamless
transport of the numerous types of legacy protocols while providing the flexibility required to support future client protocols. OTN Layers Optical Channel (OCh)/Optical Transmission Unit (OTU)
OTN Advantages ODU
> Insulates the network against uncertain service mix by providing transparent native OCh and OTU
Video
transport of client signals encapsulating all client management information OMS OMS
> Performs multiplexing for optimum capacity utilization thereby improving network
Ethernet OTS OTS OTS OTS
OTN efficiency
Wrapper > Enables network scalability as well as support for dedicated Ethernet services with
ODUk
service definitions for 1GbE, 10GbE, 40GbE, and 100GbE, with higher rates Electrical ROADM OLA ROADM OLA ROADM Electrical
Switch Switch
SONET/SDH
beginning specification
> Provides multi-layer performance monitoring and enhanced maintenance capability
Client Ports for signals traversing multi-operator networks
> Provides for long reach using either standard or high gain proprietary FEC service switches

> Combined with Intelligent Control Plane, enables automated mesh connectivity
and 50ms mesh restoration for Ethernet, OTN, SONET and SDH clients
OTN Maintenance – Overhead Bytes
Optical Transport Module (OTM)
Column
The OTM is the information structure that is transported across the OTN node interface. PSI
Digital 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Frame Alignment MFAS SM GCC0 RES JC JC

PT
2 RES PM & TCM
TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 FTFL JC JC Equipment vendors typically also offer proprietary enhanced
SONET/SDH, Ethernet, Client TCM ACT
FEC options to improve the coding gain to >9dB for a further increase in reach. The ability to turn off FEC is available in transport equipment that is
Row

CSF
IP/MPLS, etc… 3 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 PM EXP JC JC
RES optimized for low-latency applications.
4 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC RES PSI NJO
OPU
For Client Service Mapping OH OCh Payload Unit (OPU) Payload
PM PM &
TCM

Section, Path & Tandem Connection Monitor Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM)
For Switching and ODU
OCh Data Unit (ODU) Payload
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3
OH
DMp

Multiplexing TTI BIP-8

TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6
TCMi PM &
TCM
TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5
OTU 0
For Transmission OH OCh Transport Unit (OTU) Payload FEC
SAPI
TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCMi
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(source)
TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 Overhead
DM1 DM2 DM3 DM4 DM5 DM6
TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2
15 SM BEI/BIAE BDI IAE RES
TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1
DMp-transmit 16
DMp-receive

For Management
Adaptation Near
OTN Far DAPI
(destination)
TCMi BEI/BIAE BDI STAT

Analog
End ODUk End

DMp-transmit BEI BDI STAT

DMp-receive 31 PM
Connection Monitoring End Point
32
Connection requires
coordination between Operator
OCh
OH Optical Channel (OCh) the near- and far- end
connection monitoring
Specific
end points. 63
ODUk Operator C Client
Operator A User Signal
OCC OCC Operator B
OH OH Optical Carrier Channel (OCC) User
Client

OTM OMS OTU Bit Rate Capacity Signal

Overhead OH Optical Multiplex Section (OMS)

Signal OTU OTU Rate OPU Payload
Client Signals NNI CM NNI CM NNI CM
OTS Type (Gb/s) Rate (Gb/s)
(OOS) OH Optical Transmission Section (OTS) UNI CM
STM-1/OC-3, STM-4/OC-12, STM-16/OC-48, ITU G.709 OTN
OTU1 2.6661 2.48832
FC-100/200, 1GbE, CMGPON Standard Bit Rates QoS of Leased Connection is Monitored by User

OTU1e 11.049 10.3215 10GbE LAN (BMP w/o fixed stuff) ITU G.Sup43 Path CM
Non-standard Bit Rates
STM-64/OC-192, FC-400/800, 10GbE WAN,
ITU-T OTN Hierarchy OTU2 10.709 9.9953
10GbE LAN (GFP), IB SDR/DDR TCM provides nested performance monitoring for hierarchical operations and sectionalization.
OTU2e 11.095 10.356 FC-1200, 10GbE LAN (BMP w/fixed stuff)
STM-1/OC-3, STM-4/OC-12,
ODU0 (L) OTU3 43.018 40.150 STM-256/OC-768, 40GbE, IB QDR
FC-100, 1GbE 2x
ODU1 (H)
OTU3e1 44.5709 41.6111 4 x ODU2e (AMP)
Improving Spectral Efficiency with High Capacity WDM and OTN Switching
STM-16/OC-48, FC-200 ODU1 (L) OTU1
OTU3e2 44.5833 41.5995 4 x ODU2e (GMP) North American Backbone Case Study
40 x
FC-400, FC-800, Various 8x A network study was completed on a North American carrier’s national backbone
ODUflex (L) OTU4 111.80997 104.35597 100GbE
network, where traffic was a mix of 10G wavelengths, OC-192 SONET rings, and
ODU2 (H) mesh circuits. Over 3,000 wavelengths were deployed across the network.
STM-64/OC-192, 10GbE ODU2 (L) OTU2
10GbE ODU1e OTU1e
3,500

FC-1200, 10GbE ODU2e (L)

10 x
OTU2e
OTN Applications Mobile
3,000

Backhaul
55+%
32 x
10 x 2,500

Deployed Wavelengths
Residential
ODU3 (H) Services IP IP
IP

3x
IP

Backhaul 2,000
STM-256/OC-768, 40GbE ODU3 (L) OTU3 IP
CPE
CPE
24%
> Upgrading the 10G DWDM system to 40G or 40/100G,
IP

4x
IP

1,500
2x

Ciena may from time to time make changes to the products or specifications contained herein without notice. © 7/2011 Ciena ® Corporation. All rights reserved.
40%
IP

ODU3e1 (H) IP
CPE
with higher capacity wavelengths deployed only in sites
Government, IP
IP
where traffic demands warranted the change, resulted in
CPE

Research and 1,000

4x OTU3e1 IP IP
100G
Education IP
Ethernet/IP an overall wavelength reduction of more than 55%.
Included in revised G.709
ODU3e2 (H) IP
Services 500
40G
Router Backhaul
Included in G.Sup43
80 x OTU3e2 IP
Interconnection
10G
> The addition of OTN switching provides an incremental
IP Pure 10G Endpoint Endpoint OTN OTN 24-40% wavelength efficiency gain over a transponder
ODU4 (H) Grooming Grooming Grooming Grooming
CPE Core OTN Mesh (10/100G) (10/40/100G) (10/100G) (10/40/100G) architecture, and rises in importance as higher line rates
100GbE ODU4 (L) OTU4 *Above results are based on real network data. Other network models will result in different results based on actual inputs. are introduced into the network.
1GbE, 10GbE Retail
Metro Core OTN Mesh and Wholesale

Data Center
Metro Access and Aggregation Ciena’s OTN Products
Glossary CoreDirector Family 4200 Series 6500 Series 5400 Series

ACT Activation/deactivation control channel EXP Experimental IAE Incoming Alignment Error NNI Network-Network Interface OTS Optical Transmission Section SAPI Source Access Point Identifier 6500 2-slot
AMP Asynchronous Mapping Procedure FA Frame Alignment IB InfiniBand OC Optical Carrier OTN Optical Transport Network SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 4200 MC
APS Automatic Protection Switching FAS Frame Alignment Signal IP Internet Protocol OCC Optical Carrier Channel OTU Optical Channel Transport Unit SDR/DDR Single Data Rate/Double Data Rate
BDI Backward Defect Indication FC Fibre Channel ITU International Telecommunications Union OCh Optical Channel PCC Protection Communication Channel SONET Synchronous Optical Network
BEI Backward Error Indication FEC Forward Error Correction JC Justification Control ODU Optical Channel Data Unit PM Path Monitor SM Section Monitor 6500 7-slot
4200
BIAE Backward Incoming Alignment Error FTFL Fault Type and Fault Location LAN Local Area Network OH Overhead PSI Payload Structure Identifier STAT Status
BIP-8 Bit Interleaved Parity – level 8 GbE Gigabit Ethernet MAC Media Access Control OLA Optical Line Amplifier PT Payload Type STM Synchronous Transport Module
BMP Bit-synchronous Mapping Procedure GCC General Communications Channel MFAS Multi-Frame Alignment Signal OMS Optical Multiplex Section QDR Quad Data Rate TCM Tandem Connection Monitor
CM Connection Monitor GFP Generic Framing Procedure MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching OOS OTM Overhead Signal RES Reserved for future int’l standardization TTI Trail Trace Identifier
CMGPON Continuous Mode GPON GMP Generic Mapping Procedure NE Network Element OPU Optical Channel Payload Unit ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer UNI User-Network Interface
DAPI Destination Access Point Identifier GPON Gigabit Passive Optical Network NJO Negative Justification Opportunity OTM Optical Transport Module RS Reed-Solomon WAN Wide Area Network CoreDirector CI CoreDirector 4200 RS 6500 14-slot 6500 32-slot 5410 5430