DIPLOMACY

1. Definition of Diplomacy.
i. Management of International Relations by means of negotiations.
ii. Mechanism for promotion of national interest.
2. Nature and Importance of Diplomacy.
i. Means of international relations.
ii. A machinery for action.
iii. Acts through settled procedures.
iv. Bilateral as well as multilateral.
v. Handles all types of matters.
vi. Its breakdown leads to crises.
vii. Operates in times of peace and war.
viii. Work in conflict and cooperation.
ix. Works for securing of national interests.
x. Backed by national powers.
xi. Success of Diplomacy.
3. Importance of Diplomacy.
i. Political and non-political importance.
4. Linkage between foreign policy and diplomacy.
i. Foreign policy always travels on the shoulders of diplomacy.
ii. Diplomacy is the instrument for implementing the foreign policy.
iii. A process to carry out the policies.
iv. Diplomacy is a method.
v. Foreign policy is what you do and diplomacy is how you do it.
5. Types of Diplomacy:
i. Old vs New.
ii. System of international security after 1919 is new diplomacy.
iii. The system f alliance before 1914 is dubbed as old diplomacy.
iv. Open vs Secrete
v. Formal verses informal
6. Kinds of Diplomacy.
i. Summit diplomacy (Type of conference diplomacy wherein heads of state meet for face
to face negotiations)
ii. Conference Diplomacy (Method in which representatives of various countries meet to
address common problems)
iii. Preventive Diplomacy (Action to prevent disputes from arising, to prevent existing
disputes from escalating through international institutions) UN Peace keeping missions.
iv. Quiet/Silent Diplomacy (Through peaceful means like mediation, conciliating and
arbitration).
v. Gunboat Diplomacy.
vi. Multi-track Diplomacy. (Conceptual way to view the process of international
peacemaking. It’s a web of interconnected activates, individuals, institutions and
communities that operate together for a common goal, a world at peace)
vii. Informal Channels of Diplomacy.
viii. Media and NGOs.
 STRATEGIC STUDIES:

1. Definition of Strategic Studies.

i. Study of use of military force as an instrument of state policies.
ii. Focused on application of armed forces.
iii. Exercise of power to achieve political objectives.
iv. Study of conflict and peace.
v. Use of threat of use of armed forces.
2. Importance of SS.
i. War is a serious business.
ii. War is inevitable.
3. Basic Assumptions/concepts.
i. Strategy.
ii. Grand Strategy.
iii. Theatre Strategy.
iv. Sphere of Influence.
v. Sphere of Interest.
vi. Pre-emptive strike.
vii. Terrorist.
viii. Alliances.
ix. Insurgency.
x. Deterrence.
xi. The study of ends and means.
xii. The study of political actors.
xiii. Understanding the political actor's value system and preferences.
xiv. An actor's interest will be influenced by the wider strategic environment.
xv. The actor is behaving rationally in pursuit of its aims.
xvi. Acceptance of clashing interests.
xvii. The observance of moral neutrality.
4. Major Thinkers.
i. Thomas Schelling,
ii. Coling Gray.
iii. Harry Yarger.
5. Evolution and Development.
i. Bernard Brodie 1949 article strategy as a science.
ii. Ist age of strategic studies, goldern age 1950s 1960s-1980s , nuclear deterrence,
limited war, arms control
iii. 1970 Détente a relaxation period by signing SALT1 & SALT 2.
iv. 1990-2nd age of Strategic studies, SDI, Bush Sr. BMDO, Clinot & NMD Bush Jr.
v. 3rd Age- Mid 1990 the collapse of Soviet Unior & the end of cold war.
vi. Security studies.
vii. Security-freedom from threat to core values.
viii. Traditional security studies=Military.
ix. Non-Traditional Security Studies=Economic Security, Political Security, Social
Security and Environmental Security.
6. Contemporary issues and emerging trends in strategic studies.
i. War.
ii. Application of strategic thinking and ideas.
 iii. Threats.
iv. Defense spending.
v. Nuclear and WMD issues.
vi. Asymmetrical warfare (insurgency and terrorism).
vii. Military allieance.
viii. Intelligence and information warfare.
ix. Regional Security Threat.
7. Theories of arms control & disarmament.
i. Arms control- any agreement among states to regulate some aspects of thir military
capability or potential.
ii. Alternative approach to achieving international security.
iii. Restraint on the use of arms.
iv. Any form of military cooperation between adversaries.
8. Disarmament.
i. Drastic reduction of elimination of all weapons towards eradication of war.

INTERNATIONAL POLITICS OF ENVIORNMENT

1. Introduction.
i. Relationship between human society and natural world
2. Environmental Ideologies.
i. Conservationism
ii. Preservationist
iii. Green Politics.
iv. Shallow ecology
v. Deep ecology.
vi. anthropocentric and biocentric approaches
vii. Apocalyptic environmentalis
viii. Emancipatory environmentalism
ix.
3. Global ecological crises.
i. London smog of 1952.
ii. Torrey Canyon oil spill of 1967
iii. Global warming.

HUMAN RIGHTS

1. Conceptual framework.
2. Human Rights and cultural relativism.
i. International Covenant on economics, Social and Cultural Rights. 1976
ii. Hohfield's Concept of Human Rights.
iii.
3. Theories of Human Rights.
4. The world institutions and Human Rights.
i. Human Rights Conventions.
 a. Convention on the prevention and punishment of crime of Genocide
(1948).
b. The International Convention on the elimination of all forms of Racial
Discrimination 1965.
c. The Convention on the Elimination of all forms of discriminating against
women 1979.
d. Convention on the rights of the child 1989.
e. Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities.

PEACE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION: THEORIES AND PRACTICE.

1. Definition and sources of conflict.
i. Systematic study of profile, causes, actors and dynamics of conflict.
ii. Conflict analysis can be carried out at local, regional and national level.
iii. Context.
iv. Structural Causes.
v. Proximate causes.
vi. Triggers.
vii. Actors. Interests, Goals, Positions, Capacities and Relationships.
viii. Dyanmics.
2. Basics.
3. Technics of conflict Resolutions.
4. Approaches to conflict resolutions.
5. Theories of peace.
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS.
1. Evolution.
a. 1970 with the rise of globalization.
2. Theories.
a. Economic Liberalism,
i. Free trade.
ii. Invisible Hands.
iii. Comparative Advantage.
iv. Trade brings peace.
b. Economic Nationalism, Neo Mercantilism.
i. The government should involve itself in international trade.
ii. International economics is competitive not cooperative.
iii. Self sufficiency.
iv. Protectionism.
c. Economic Structuralism. Maxism.
d. Globalization.
3. Role of Economics in Politics.
a. Economic events in one country can have economic implications for other countries.
 b. Political events in one country can have economic implications for other countries.
c. Economic events in one country can have political implications for another country.
d. Power in international relations can come from economic as well as military might.
e. International political structures reflect economics.
4. The contemporary International Monetary System.
RESEARCH METHODS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. Case study methods.
a. Process tracing.
b. Congruence Testing.
c. Counterfactual Analysis
2. Quantitative Methods.
3. Formal Methods.
FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS
I. The study regarding the processes and outcomes of foreign policy.
II. Rational Actor Model.
III. There are four main steps in the rational actor’s decision-making process: identify
the problem, define desired outcomes, evaluate the consequences of potential
policy choices and finally, make the most rational decision to maximize beneficial
outcomes.
IV. Bureaucratic Politics Model
V. Organizational Process Mode.
VI. Inter Branch Political Mode.
VII. Political process model.